Дисертації з теми "Carbohydrate contents"
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Jordaan, Michelle Bernitta. "Effect of processing on the starch and glycemic properties of Digitaria spp." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2024.
Повний текст джерелаAcha starch was isolated and purified from clean and milled acha grain. Functional, thermal and physicochemical properties of acha starch were analysed using appropriate methods. Wheat starch was used as the reference standard. Acha bread from acha grain was baked and the consumer sensory acceptability was evaluated and white wheat bread was used as the reference standard. The effect of baking, boiling, steaming and microwaving on the starch and glycemic properties of the acha starch was evaluated. With regard to thermal properties, gelatinisation temperature of acha and iburu starches typifies that of waxy starch. Acha starch has similar retrogradation temperature profiles as that of wheat. There were however significant differences in some of the functional properties (pasting and turbidity) and physico-chemical properties (in vitro starch digestibility), but no significant difference in the texture profile analysis (TPA) and water binding capacity (WBC). WBC of both acha varieties was higher than that for wheat starch. Due to its high break down viscosity, white acha starch can be included in foods that are subjected to high temperature processing. This indicates that both acha starch varieties can be used for hot and cold desserts as well as for soft jelly like sweets and confectionery toppings. A prescreening exercise using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), Xanthan gum, yeast and acha starch as the variables was successful in concluding a recipe which rendered acha bread with the optimum specific loaf volume for both white and black acha bread. The optimum recipe consisted 8.0 % acha starch, 2.0 % xanthan gum, 2.0 % CMC and 1.0 % yeast. The majority of the consumer panellists found the crust colour, taste and aroma to be moderately desirable. This implies that most consumers find acha bread to have the potential to be marketed as wheat free bread. The different processing methods baking, boiling, microwaving and steaming, affected the black and white acha starch hydrolysis. The amount of starch hydrolysed for the different processing methods was in the following order: baking > boiling > microwaving > steaming. It can thus be concluded that different processing methods affects the micro structure and physical properties of the acha and wheat samples which thus influence their starch hydrolysis. The equilibrium percentage of starch hydrolysed after 180 min incubation was affected differently for the various starches, black acha, white acha and wheat starch by the different processing methods and times. In the case of baking black acha starch and wheat bread were affected similarly. However, this was not the case for microwaving, steaming and boiling, where both acha starch varieties and wheat starch were affected in the same way. The rate of starch hydrolysis for both acha varieties and wheat grain for the different processing methods, steaming, boiling, microwaving and baking was affected to the same degree respectively.
Hu, Yuncai. "Growth response of wheat plant to salinity in hydroponics and soil : I Interactive effects of salinity and macronutrients on the growth, yield, and mineral element contents under hydroponic conditions : II Spatial and temporal distribution of growth and the mineral element and carbohydrate contents in the leaves under saline soil conditions /." Zürich, 1996. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=11619.
Повний текст джерелаMuir, Lindsay Jane Minette. "Carbohydrate content of the acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo marmorata." Thesis, University of Bath, 1986. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378542.
Повний текст джерелаNardozza, Simona <1980>. "Genotypic variation in Actinidia deliciosa fruit size and carbohydrate content." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/722/.
Повний текст джерелаRinehardt, Karl Fredric. "The effects of a 43% and an 80% carbohydrate diet, consumed during intense swim training, on the ability to enhance swim training intensity /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148733599290227.
Повний текст джерелаLambert, Charles Paul. "Fluid replacement after exercise in the heat : influence of beverage carbonation and carbohydrate content." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722187.
Повний текст джерелаSchool of Physical Education
Cicek, Mine II. "Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Seed Sucrose Content Using Molecular Markers in an Interspecific Glycine Cross." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36506.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Boop, Christopher. "Altered carbohydrate and protein content in sports beverages : influence on recovery from heavy endurance exercise /." Full-text of dissertation on the Internet (662.82 KB), 2010. http://www.lib.jmu.edu/general/etd/2010/masters/boopca/boopca_masters_04-21-2010_01.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаKarim, Zida Muhammad. "Relationship between phenolic content of potato and digestion of carbohydrate in vitro and in vivo." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15592/.
Повний текст джерелаAndersson, Katja, and Alva Helin. "Alger som mat : - Litteraturstudie och sammanställning av makroalgers näringsinnehåll." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230583.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of the report is to compile and compare different edible macroalgaes from the Rhodophyta, Phaeophyta and Chlorophyta divisions by their nutritional content. This in order to analyze if the algaes have potential for expanded use on the food market and as a substitute for animal protein sources. To achieve the aim, the nutritional content of the algaes will be compiled on the basis of protein, carbohydrate and fat content through a data collection of previous research. This bachelor thesis is a study of literature, where only journal articles and scientific reports are used. The algaes nutritional values are then compared to values for seven reference products, that are used as protein sources on the food market today. The report shows that the algal species from the Rhodophyta division have the highest protein content, and that algae from the other divisions show protein contents higher than most of the reference values. The reviewed algaes generally have good qualifications to substitute many of the reference products and therefore, as regards the nutritional content, big potential for expanded use within the food industry.
Vlasyk, L. I., O. V. Kushnir, N. M. Fundiur, and O. M. Iftoda. "The content of carbohydrates in dietary intake of preschool institutions in the town of Chernivtsi." Thesis, БДМУ, 2017. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/17001.
Повний текст джерелаJose-Cunilleras, Eduardo. "Effect of exercise and of meals of differing starch content on glucose kinetics and muscle glycogen utilization and replenishment in horses." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1091482764.
Повний текст джерелаDocument formatted into pages; contains 181 p. Includes bibliographical references. Abstract available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2005 Aug. 6.
Sturgill, Daphne J. L. "The effects of a hypocaloric diet, with varying protein/carbohydrate ratios, on the nitrogen balance of male weightlifters." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94474.
Повний текст джерелаM.S.
Geissbühler-Vogel, Daniella Maria. "Localization of glucose-6-phosphatase activity and of carbohydrates in boar caput epididymal principal cells /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1997. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
Повний текст джерелаTeuscher, Thomas. "Absence of diabetes in a rural West African population with a high carbohydrat/cassava diet /." [S.l : s.n.], 1988. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
Повний текст джерелаAnderson, Jason Reid M. A. "The Moderating Role of Glucoregulation in Postprandial Cognitive Response to Beverages Varying in Carbohydrate Content: A Randomized, Counterbalanced, Crossover Trial." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1627129838431796.
Повний текст джерелаLeidy, Mary K. "The effects of varying protein/carbohydrate ratio of a hypocaloric diet on body composition and muscular function in body builders." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91044.
Повний текст джерелаM.S.
Clarke, Matthew. "Investigating the effects of carbohydrate or fatty acid treatment on lipd content in HepG2 human hepatocytes and mouse primary hepatocytes." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604337.
Повний текст джерелаGryka, Anna. "Alterations in the macronutrient content of the diet and the effects on body composition, cardiovascular disease risk and the control of energy metabolism in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/703.
Повний текст джерелаSá, Fabiano César [UNESP]. "Efeito da suplementação de enzimas sobre o processamento e digestibilidade de dietas extrusadas para cães contendo farelo de trigo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89239.
Повний текст джерелаGranotec do Brasil S.A
O farelo de trigo é um coproduto da indústria alimentícia com custo acessível e importante fonte de fibra e amido que vem sendo empregado para cães. Contudo, este ingrediente apresenta Polissacarídeos Não Amiláceos (PNA’s), que não são digeridos pelos cães e podem causar distúrbios gastrintestinais, que interferem na absorção dos nutrientes. Com o intuito de aumentar a biodisponibilidade dos nutrientes do farelo de trigo em dietas extrusadas para cães, avaliou-se a suplementação com uma mistura de enzimas sobre o coeficiente de digestibilidade dos nutrientes, qualidade e produção de fezes e parâmetros fermentativos intestinais. Foram formuladas duas dietas experimentais isonutritivas. A primeira possuía apenas milho e quirera de arroz como fonte de amido e fibra de cana de açúcar como fonte de fibra, que foi denominada ração controle negativo (CN). A segunda formulação apresentava 25% de farelo de trigo e foi desdobrada em quatro tratamentos: CP - dieta controle positivo, com farelo de trigo e sem adição de enzimas; ENZ1 – com enzimas na mistura antes da extrusão; ENZ2 - com as enzimas do ENZ1 mais α-amilase, na mistura antes da extrusão; ENZ2Pex - com as enzimas do ENZ2 após extrusão, como cobertura. O experimento seguiu delineamento em blocos casualizados no tempo, com dois blocos de 15 animais, três animais por tratamento em cada bloco e seis cães por tratamento. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias dos cinco tratamentos comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados foram, também, avaliados por meio de contrastes ortogonais pré-estabelecidos, a 5% de probabilidade. A adição de farelo de trigo levou à redução da digestibilidade dos nutrientes (p<0,05). A mistura de enzimas não resultou em diferenças na digestibilidade, qualidade das fezes e produtos de fermentação microbiana fecal...
The wheat bran is a byproduct of the food industry with affordable and important source of fiber and starch that has been used for dogs. However, this ingredient has no-starch polysaccharides (NSP), which are not digested by dogs and can cause gastrointestinal disturbances, which interfere with absorption of nutrients. In order to increase the bioavailability of nutrients in wheat bran extruded diets for dogs, we assessed whether supplementation with a mixture of enzymes on the digestibility of nutrients, quality and production of feces and intestinal fermentation parameters. Two experimental diets were formulated isonutrients. The first had only corn and broken rice as a source of starch and sugar cane fiber as a fiber source, which was designated negative control diet (NC). The second formulation showed a 25% wheat bran and was split into four treatments: CP - positive control diet with wheat bran and without enzymes; ENZ1 - with enzymes in the mixture before extrusion; ENZ2 - with enzymes ENZ1 more α-amylase in the mixture before extrusion; ENZ2Pex - with enzymes ENZ2 after extrusion, as cover. The experiment followed a randomized block design in time, with two blocks of 15 animals, three animals per treatment in each block and six dogs per treatment. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the mean of five treatment groups were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The results were also evaluated using orthogonal contrasts pre-set at 5% probability. The addition of wheat bran led to reduced digestibility of nutrients (p <0.05). The mixture of enzymes resulted in no differences in digestibility, stool quality and fecal microbial fermentation products (p> 0.05). The productivity of feed increased with the addition of the mixture of enzymes ENZ2, reducing the cost of eletctricity production in the diet
Shevchuk, Anastasiia [Verfasser], Nikolai [Akademischer Betreuer] Kuhnert, Gerd-Volker [Gutachter] Röschenthaler, and Ulrich [Gutachter] Engelhardt. "Variation of polyphenols and carbohydrates content in Camellia sinensis tea products / Anastasiia Shevchuk ; Gutachter: Gerd-Volker Röschenthaler, Ulrich Engelhardt ; Betreuer: Nikolai Kuhnert." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1222738880/34.
Повний текст джерелаSá, Fabiano Cesar. "Efeito da suplementação de enzimas sobre o processamento e digestibilidade de dietas extrusadas para cães contendo farelo de trigo /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89239.
Повний текст джерелаBanca: João Martins Pizauro Junior
Banca: José Roberto Sartori
Resumo: O farelo de trigo é um coproduto da indústria alimentícia com custo acessível e importante fonte de fibra e amido que vem sendo empregado para cães. Contudo, este ingrediente apresenta Polissacarídeos Não Amiláceos (PNA's), que não são digeridos pelos cães e podem causar distúrbios gastrintestinais, que interferem na absorção dos nutrientes. Com o intuito de aumentar a biodisponibilidade dos nutrientes do farelo de trigo em dietas extrusadas para cães, avaliou-se a suplementação com uma mistura de enzimas sobre o coeficiente de digestibilidade dos nutrientes, qualidade e produção de fezes e parâmetros fermentativos intestinais. Foram formuladas duas dietas experimentais isonutritivas. A primeira possuía apenas milho e quirera de arroz como fonte de amido e fibra de cana de açúcar como fonte de fibra, que foi denominada ração controle negativo (CN). A segunda formulação apresentava 25% de farelo de trigo e foi desdobrada em quatro tratamentos: CP - dieta controle positivo, com farelo de trigo e sem adição de enzimas; ENZ1 - com enzimas na mistura antes da extrusão; ENZ2 - com as enzimas do ENZ1 mais α-amilase, na mistura antes da extrusão; ENZ2Pex - com as enzimas do ENZ2 após extrusão, como cobertura. O experimento seguiu delineamento em blocos casualizados no tempo, com dois blocos de 15 animais, três animais por tratamento em cada bloco e seis cães por tratamento. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias dos cinco tratamentos comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados foram, também, avaliados por meio de contrastes ortogonais pré-estabelecidos, a 5% de probabilidade. A adição de farelo de trigo levou à redução da digestibilidade dos nutrientes (p<0,05). A mistura de enzimas não resultou em diferenças na digestibilidade, qualidade das fezes e produtos de fermentação microbiana fecal ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The wheat bran is a byproduct of the food industry with affordable and important source of fiber and starch that has been used for dogs. However, this ingredient has no-starch polysaccharides (NSP), which are not digested by dogs and can cause gastrointestinal disturbances, which interfere with absorption of nutrients. In order to increase the bioavailability of nutrients in wheat bran extruded diets for dogs, we assessed whether supplementation with a mixture of enzymes on the digestibility of nutrients, quality and production of feces and intestinal fermentation parameters. Two experimental diets were formulated isonutrients. The first had only corn and broken rice as a source of starch and sugar cane fiber as a fiber source, which was designated negative control diet (NC). The second formulation showed a 25% wheat bran and was split into four treatments: CP - positive control diet with wheat bran and without enzymes; ENZ1 - with enzymes in the mixture before extrusion; ENZ2 - with enzymes ENZ1 more α-amylase in the mixture before extrusion; ENZ2Pex - with enzymes ENZ2 after extrusion, as cover. The experiment followed a randomized block design in time, with two blocks of 15 animals, three animals per treatment in each block and six dogs per treatment. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the mean of five treatment groups were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The results were also evaluated using orthogonal contrasts pre-set at 5% probability. The addition of wheat bran led to reduced digestibility of nutrients (p <0.05). The mixture of enzymes resulted in no differences in digestibility, stool quality and fecal microbial fermentation products (p> 0.05). The productivity of feed increased with the addition of the mixture of enzymes ENZ2, reducing the cost of eletctricity production in the diet
Mestre
Davis, Jonathan P. "Studies on the influence of ambient temperature and food supply on growth rate, carbohydrate content and reproductive output in diploid and triploid Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5347.
Повний текст джерелаKirschbaum, Daniel Santiago. "Assessing the relationships of chilling exposure, nonstructural carbohydrate content and foliar nitrogen applications with strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) transplant vigor and fruiting patterns in winter production systems /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Повний текст джерелаAyres, Bianca Maira Teixeira 1985. "Obtenção de acrilatos de frutose por biocatalise." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266983.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
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Resumo: O presente trabalho estudou as melhores condições para a produção de monoacrilato de frutose a partir da esterificação de ácido acrílico com D-frutose catalisada pela lípase comercial de Cândida antárctica (Novozyme 435). O interesse na produção deste éster se dá devido à promissora propriedade absorvente de água do polímero a ser produzido, com diferentes aplicações possíveis. Esterificações enzimáticas são reações de equilíbrio cujo subproduto é a água. A presença desta tem de ser controlada para possibilitar atividade enzimática e evitar a hidrólise dos ésteres. A adição de peneira molecular 3 Á ao sistema foi investigada para remoção da água produzida e favorecimento do deslocamento do equilíbrio para síntese dos ésteres. A produção exclusiva de monoéster foi observada quando a razão molar frutose:ácido acrílico de 1:3, 55 °C, agitação de 200 rpm e 20 mg mL-1 de lípase foram empregadas. Quando a razão molar foi aumentada para 1:5 a conversão de frutose aumentou, mas o equilíbrio foi deslocado para a produção de di- e triéster de frutose. A adição de 3 g de peneira molecular em 25 mL de sistema reacional resultou na produção de 49.5 mM de monoacrilato de frutose com 84 % de conversão da frutose inicial e 41 % da conversão de ácido acrílico após 24 h de reação. Devido à inexistência de padrões de acrilatos de frutose no mercado, um método para quantificação destes por fatores de resposta de CLAE foi desenvolvido baseado nos dados cinéticos da reação
Abstract: The optimal conditions for the enzymatic production of fructose acrylates were studied. Fructose to acrylic acid molar ratio, the amount of immobilized lipase Candida antarctica and the influence of molecular sieve in the reaction media were studied. The results of these variables in converting sugar were monitored. Enzymatic esterifications are equilibrium reactions whose subproduct is water. The presence of this must be controlled to allow enzymatic activity of the lipase and to avoid hydrolysis of esters. The addition of molecular sieve 3 A to the system was investigated to remove of produced water and to shift the equilibrium to the synthesis of ester. The exclusive production of monoester was observed when the molar ratio of fructose: acrylic acid of 1:3, 55 °C, 200 rpm and 20 mg ml-1 of immobilized lipase was employed. When the molar ratio is increased the conversion of fructose increases, but the equilibrium was shifted to the production of di- and triester. The addition of 3 g of molecular sieve resulted in the production of 49.5 mM of fructose monoacrylates, 84 % conversion of the initial fructose and 41 % conversion of acrylic acid after 24 hours of reaction. Since sugar acrylates are not available, it were obtained the concentrations of esters from the determination of response factors of each ester by HPLC-RI based on linear regression
Mestrado
Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos
Mestre em Engenharia Química
Silva, Carlos Davi Santos e. "Aspectos morfofisiológicos e de produção de plantas de macieiras cultivadas em diferentes altitudes no sul do Brasil." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2015. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3539.
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Devido às diferenças de altitude entre as diversas regiões de cultivo de macieira no Brasil, conhecer as respostas fisiológicas das plantas nessas diferentes condições constituem-se questões relevantes a serem estudadas, uma vez que a altitude pode influenciar a interação das plantas com diversos fatores abióticos e bióticos, afetando o crescimento e o desenvolvimento das mesmas. Este trabalho teve por objetivos caracterizar a densidade de estômatos e as trocas gasosas em folhas, a dinâmica do teor de amido e da relação C/N em ramos do tipo brindila, bem como a produção e qualidade de frutos de macieiras cultivadas em três diferentes altitudes. O experimento foi conduzido em pomares localizados nas altitudes de 1.000, 1.200 e 1.400 metros, nos ciclos 2012/2013, 2013/2014 e 2014/2015. Utilizou-se as cultivares de macieiras (Malus domestica Borkh.) Fuji Suprema e Imperial Gala, com 7-8 anos de idade, enxertadas sobre M-9 e 2.500 plantas ha-1. Durante os três ciclos produtivos foram avaliados o conteúdo de amido e a relação C/N em ramos do tipo brindila. Durante os ciclos 2013/2014 e 2014/2015 foram avaliadas as trocas gasosas em folhas de brindilas, o índice SPAD, produção e qualidade de frutos. Em dezembro de 2013 foi determinada a densidade de estômatos. Cada cultivar foi avaliada de forma independente e adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos (1.000m, 1.200m e 1.400m de altitude) e sete repetições, sendo cada repetição representada por uma planta. Realizou-se a análise de variância dos dados e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Scott- Knott (p≤5). A cultivar Fuji Suprema apresentou densidade estomática crescente de acordo com a altitude, porém nenhuma alteração significativa foi identificada na cultivar Imperial Gala. De maneira geral, as diferenças nos parâmetros de trocas gasosas registradas entre cada altitude, dentro de cada época de avaliação, variaram principalmente em função das condições climáticas locais. A eficiência instantânea de carboxilação, no entanto, tendeu a ser maior com o aumento da altitude nas plantas de ambas as cultivares. Similar resposta foi identificada para o teor de amido nas brindilas, de ambas cultivares, porém foi observado que quanto maior a carga de frutos, menor foi o teor de amido nos ramos até a colheita. No geral o teor de amido e a relação C/N apresentaram uma relação diretamente proporcional com as variações na altitude dos pomares. A ocorrência de mancha de Glomerella na ‘Imperial Gala’ cultivada a 1.000m influenciou essas duas últimas variáveis. Os frutos de ambas as cultivares estudadas tenderam apresentar melhor qualidade nas maiores altitudes. Isso ficou evidenciado quando comparados a firmeza de polpa e o teor de sólidos solúveis totais.
Due to differences in altitude between the various apple-growing areas in Brazil it is extremely important to know the physiological responses of plants under those different conditions, because altitude can influence the interaction of plants with various biotic and abiotic factors affecting their growth and development. The objective of this work was to characterize the density of stomata, gas exchange in leaves, starch content dynamics, C/N ratio in brindila-type branches, and production and quality of apple tree fruits grown at three different altitudes. The experiment was conducted in orchards located at altitudes of 1000, 1200 and 1400 meters, 2012/2013, 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 cycles. We used apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh) Fuji Suprema and Imperial Gala cultivars that were 7-8 years old, grafted on M-19, and 2500 plants ha-1. During the three production cycles we evaluated the starch and C/N ratio in brindila-type branches. Gas exchange in brindilas leaves, SPAD index, fruits production and quality were evaluated during 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 cycles. Stomata density was determined in December 2013. Each cultivar was evaluated independently and we adopted the completely randomized design with three treatments (1000m, 1200m, and 1400m altitude) and seven repetitions, each one represented by one plant. We performed analysis of variance (ANOVA) to the data set, and means were compared by Scott-Knott test (p≤5). Fuji Suprema cultivar showed growing stomata density in accordance with altitude, but no significant change was identified in Imperial Gala cultivar. In general, differences in gas exchange parameters recorded between each altitude, in each evaluating time varied mainly depending on local weather conditions. The instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, however, tended to be higher in both plants cultivars with increasing altitude. Similar response was identified for starch content in brindilas of both cultivars, however we observed that the higher the fruit load, the lower the starch content in the branches to harvest. In general, starch content and C/N ratio showed a directly proportional relationship with variation in altitude of the orchards. The occurrence of Glomerella spot in ‘Imperial Gala’ grown at 1000m influenced those latter two variables. The fruits of both cultivars studied tended to have better quality at a higher altitude. It was evidenced when the pulp firmness and total soluble solid content were compared.
Vičíková, Magda. "Vliv listového dusíku a nestrukturních sacharidů na obsah a aktivitu enzymu Rubisco v podmínkách normální a zvýšené koncentrace oxidu uhličitého." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216719.
Повний текст джерелаVerdial, Marcelo Fontanetti. "Frigoconservação e vernalização de mudas de morangueiro (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) produzidas em sistema de vasos suspensos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-27082004-171001/.
Повний текст джерелаWith the objective of studying the runners production system in suspended pots under protected cultivation and the application of techniques of stored cold and vernalization of runners produced by this system, four experiments were conducted in the Department of Crop Production, ESALQ, Piracicaba, SP-Brazil. In the first experiment it was compared the conventional strawberry runners production system with the runner production system in suspended pots. For that, it was measured the dry matter and carbohydrates contents in runners and the survival percentage when the runner were transplanted to field production areas. The cultivars IAC-Campinas, Pelican and IAC-Guarani were used, in an experimental design of factorial arrangement 3x2 (three cultivars and two runners production systems), three replications. The runners produced by the system of suspended pots accumulated higher amount of total carbohydrates and the plant survival rate. The second and third experiments had the objective of evaluating the use of a technique of storage cold in runners produced in the system of suspended pots. After the selection, the runners were conditioned in polyethylene bags and storage cold conditions for 120 days in a B.O.D. at -1+1ºC. After that they were removed of the cold camera and planted in trays of expanded polystyrene of 128 cells with vermiculite. The trays were put in a spray chamber 21 days for rooting. After that hey were transplanted to pots of 250mL and then placed in the greenhouse. It was evaluated the percentage of runners survival. In the second experiment it was used the experimental entirely random design, five strawberry cultivars (IAC-Campinas, Dover, Pelican, Sequoia and Sweet Charlie), and nine repetitions. In the threat experiment the factorial outline used was 5x2 (five cultivars: IAC-Campinas, Big Oso, Camarosa, Dover and Sweet Charlie; and two treatments: with and without indol butyric acid) with four repetitions. The storage cold of strawberry runners produced in system of suspended pots lower percentage of survival of seedlings in the two experiments. Therefore, the system of storage cold was not compatible with the type of storage runners. The fourth experiment had the objective of studying the effect of the runner vernalization of five strawberry cultivars produced in suspended pot system. In order to have availability of strawberry runners during the off season, they were planted in pots of 250 mL, filled out with substrate formulated with sand and vermiculite (4:1) and kept in the greenhouse for six months. Completely randomized blocks with the factorial design 5x2, with five strawberry cultivars (IAC-Campinas, Dover, Sweet Charlie, Cartuno and Big Oso) and two treatments (with and without strawberry runners vernalization). For vernalization, the strawberry runners were taken from cold camera to the temperature of 10 + 2ºC, and fotoperiod of 10 h of light/day for 28 days. After that, they were transplanted for two cultivation places with different climatic conditions, Piracicaba/SP and Caldas/MG. They were analyzed the survival percentages, flower blooming, fructification and emission of stolons and the weight and number of fruits produced by plant. The strawberry runners survival was not affected by the vernalization in none of the places. There were only significant effect on flower appearance and fructification of the vernalized plants, only in Piracicaba. The runner emitions were earlier in Piracicaba. For all strawberry cultivars the production of fruits was very low and the produced fruits were unsuitable for commercialization in both places.
Uhrová, Lucie. "Dynamika akumulace nestrukturních sacharidů a aktivity enzymu Rubisco při zvýšené koncentraci oxidu uhličitého a manipulaci sinku u buku lesního." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216886.
Повний текст джерелаCharrier, Guillaume. "Mécanismes et modélisation de l'acclimatation au gel des arbres : application au noyer Juglans regia L." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662461.
Повний текст джерелаZhou, Zewen. "Untersuchungen zum Blatt- und Wurzelmetabolismus sowie zum Phloem- und Xylemtransport in Zusammenhang mit der Stickstoff-Effizienz bei Raps (Brassica napus L.)." Doctoral thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=961362308.
Повний текст джерелаGary, Christian. "Etude et modélisation des effets à court terme du microclimat sur le bilan carbone de la tomate en phase végétative." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066246.
Повний текст джерелаCHEN, SHENG-HANG, and 陳勝航. "Changes of the activities of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes and of carbohydrate contents in germinating sweet potato roots." Thesis, 1990. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84416810605483319756.
Повний текст джерелаChen, Chorng-Lii, and 陳崇禮. "Infuence of Water Stress on Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Contents of Ponkan Mandarin Trees." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40853292192930384752.
Повний текст джерела國立中興大學
園藝學系
82
@ 果實產期外利用乾旱處理誘導椪柑開花結果,發現乾旱處理能誘導花 芽分化,縮短花芽分化所需時間,但在 6、 7、8月進行乾旱處理誘導花 芽分化較 9、10月處理為差,且所開的花易於落花無法著果。BA對椪柑具 有催芽效果,樹體經催芽處理後,萌芽率約在25﹪左右。 8、 9、10月乾 旱處理開花期分別較正期花提早 5個月、 4個月及 3個月。由乾旱處理對 樹體碳水化合物及全氮含量之影響中發現,經 6週乾旱處理後,樹體內全 碳水化合物與澱粉含量呈下降趨勢,造成枝、葉內還原糖與葉片中全糖含 量的累積,在葉片中全氮含量則下降,而枝條與根部卻呈增加現象乾旱後 經過充分供水,在萌芽期樹體內還原糖與葉片中全糖含量則呈下降,枝條 內的澱粉含量則呈下降,枝條內的澱粉含量明顯增加,而樹體內的全氮含 量會有增加現象。在水分逆境下,全碳水化合物與氮之比值或樹體水分含 量與花芽分化似乎無接相關,但是 1年生枝條之全糖與氮之比值與花芽分 化卻具有密切之關係。
LIU, ZHI-FENG, and 劉志峰. "Activities of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes and changes of starch contents in developing sweet potato roots." Thesis, 1990. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64784869348663179773.
Повний текст джерелаHopkins, Cheryl. "The nutritive value of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) selected for high dry matter and nonstructural carbohydrate contents." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10181.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2003.
Zhang, Lei. "Quality evaluation of Manitoba grown soybeans : contents of soy isoflavones, hydrolysable carbohydrate, sucrose, and seed coat color under three different agronomic practices." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/21047.
Повний текст джерелаAberle, Susan E. "Glucose and insulin responses to a carbohydrate snack in carbohydrate cravers and non-carbohydrate cravers." Thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/27625.
Повний текст джерелаGraduation date: 1991
Fuller, Lesley Gordon. "Ultrasonic dispersion of clay from soil aggregates in relation to carbohydrate content." 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/17566.
Повний текст джерелаBoyd, Shannon. "The extent and content of outdoor advertisements for sugar-sweetened beverages and fast foods in Soweto." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/17333.
Повний текст джерелаBackground: Health experts are calling sugar the new tobacco (Action on Sugar, 2014). The WHO recently revised its recommendations for a maximum daily limit on sugar intake of 25 grams. Yet a 2012 study showed that South African children and adolescents are consuming up to 50 grams and 100 grams per day respectively (Steyn et al., 2003). Sugar is now recognized for its role, not only in promoting caries, obesity and diabetes, but also in the development of cancers. The World Cancer Report 2014, warns of a ‘cancer tidal wave’ over the next 20 years (IARC, 2014) Health promotion alone is insufficient; drawing on the example of tobacco control, such as advertising restrictions, legislation is the key to prevention. The sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) industry is the leader among all sectors in marketing to young people (Arredondo et al., 2009), thus a similar approach is recommended for restricting SSB advertising to reduce chronic disease risk. There is no data regarding SSB advertising and obesogenic environments in South Africa. This pilot study is the first to describe the location, content and characteristics of outdoor print advertisements for SSBs and fast foods in South Africa. Methodology: This is a secondary analysis of data collected as part of a larger 2013 study investigating the obesogenic environment in Soweto, South Africa. All visible outdoor advertising and branding of SSBs and fast food in a five-square kilometer demarcated area were included. Data on content, quantity, location, size and type of advertisements was collected in the field and a photograph was taken for further analysis. Comparisons were drawn to photographs of alcohol advertising in the same area. Data was captured using a coding sheet and was analysed descriptively and using inferential statistics. The advertisements included billboards, banners, posters, pole advertisements, painted signs, branded school signs, branded shop signs, directional signs and branded umbrellas and fridges. A total of 237 photographs were included in the study. Results: The main findings of this study indicate a significant presence of advertising and branding for sugar-sweetened beverages in Soweto. SSB and fast food advertising and branding accounted for 62.86% of all advertising in the area under study. Of all SSB and fast food brands available in South Africa, Coca-Cola accounted for 86.58% of this advertising and branding. Unlike alcohol advertising, which is restricted to the locations in which alcohol is sold, advertising for SSBs is pervasive throughout the community, seen everywhere from shops and schools to transit stops and on street sides. Most SSB advertising and branding signage is medium or large in size. Images of people were only present in a small number of the adverts. However when people were present, they were consistently young people under the age of 35. The race of people in the adverts consistently represented the black African demographic of Soweto. While the main goal of the adverts appears to be product and brand recognition, there is a trend across the SSB adverts to convey messages of happiness, positivity, friendship, fun and well-being, suggesting that consumption of these products would lend to such outcomes for the consumer. A small percentage also promoted special deals to encourage product purchase. Conclusion: SSB advertising in Soweto is extensive, far surpassing advertising for junk food or alcohol. The government should consider implementing legislation, to restrict SSB advertising. The country should also urgently move to adopt WHO’s new guidelines on the daily upper limit for sugar intake (Mann, 2012), and to limit SSB intake specifically, which should be reflected in revisions to South Africa’s food-based dietary guidelines. Further research should focus on the association between the high rate of exposure to SSB advertising in Soweto and the level of consumption of SSBs and on the understanding of the advertising environment and how this affects the health literacy of South African children and adolescents.
Moleki, Rorisang Anna Confidence. "Temporal composition of tannin and carbohydrate content in Eucalyptus leaves in South Africa." Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24966.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation (MInst Agrar)--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Zoology and Entomology
unrestricted
Hung, tzu-kang, and 洪子剛. "The study of NaCl and nitrogen concentration on lipid and carbohydrates content in Chlorella." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/t3vu8t.
Повний текст джерела中原大學
生物環境工程研究所
103
In recent years, fossil fuels are gradually depleted due to massive developments of the industry. Therefore, we need to search alternative energy sources. Today, there are four major energy resources: coal, fossil oil, natural gas, and biomass energy. In this situation, biomass energy is the only renewable resource that makes it a great subject to solve the problem of energy shortage. In different kinds of biomass energy resources, microalgae are regarded as the feedstock of sustainable biodiesel because of their higher lipid contents, faster growth and carbon fixing rates compared to regular terrestrial plants which have been used to produce biomass energy. In this study, Chlorella sp. S-A of faster growth rate and higher oil content among candidates were selected and cultivated in a two-stage procedure. Three different concentrations of nitrogen and NaCl supplements were treated, and investigated their effects on lipid and carbohydrate productivities in Chlorella sp. S-A. The first stage was designed to optimize biomass productivity by using modified artificial wastewater in which nitrogen concentrations were adjusted to 40, 177, 300 mg/L, respectively. After 6 days, system was shifted to the second stage. In the second stage, we added NaCl and adjust concentrations to 0, 10, 20 g/L, respectively. The optical density, cell numbers and dry weights were measured daily. After 12 and 24 hours of culturing, we harvested algae for measuring the oil and carbohydrate contents. By using response phase method to analyze the data, we got the best conditions for accumulating oil and carbohydrates, and the results may provide optimum information of bioenergy productions. The highest oil productivity (75.9 mg/L/day) was obtained at the initial nitrogen feed of 177 mg/L NO- 3, and 10 g/L NaCl at the later stage. The highest carbohydrates productivity (47.9 mg/L/day) was obtained at the initial nitrogen feed of 300 mg/L NO- 3. These results indicated that culturing algae S-A under appropriate salinity can increase oil content and productivity, but concentration of NaCl was not related to the accumulation of carbohydrates. The experimental data applied in the polynomial regression equation of response surface methodology was used to obtain the best solution of bioenergy raw materials. The best solution of oil productivity was 195 mg/L NO- 3 and 4.9 g/L NaCl. The best solution of carbohydrate productivity was 279.6 mg/L NO- 3 and 0.17 g/L NaCl. To achieve the maximum bioenergy production efficiency from different feedstock, culturing parameters may be adjusted according to the results of this study.
Leatherwood, William Roland. "Influence of salt stress on germination, root elongation and carbohydrate content of five salt tolerant taxa." 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05112005-124544/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLo, Chung-Yi, and 駱中怡. "Effect of Pulsing on the Postharvest Physiology and Carbohydrates Content of Cut Oriental Lily Flowers." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29488976314829157513.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
園藝學研究所
87
Oriental lilies can be produced in Taiwan during the winter and spring and are a potential source of export, However, cold storage often resulted in flower buds opening irregularly and yellowing of leaves. Previous studies have shown that treatment with 0.25mM STS mixed with 20% sucrose on‘Acapulco’allows the buds to open naturally and delays leaves yellowing. In this study, the effectiveness of pulsing with 0.25mM STS mixed with 20% sucrose on‘Casa Blanca’is tested. Other types of chemicals were also tested to understand the effects of pulsing on the morphology of Oriental lilies. When Oriental lilies were pulsed with 0.25mM STS, 0.25mM STS mixed with 20% sucrose, or 0.25mM GA3 mixed with 20% sucrose for 4 hours before cold storage, flower buds opened naturally after removal from storage. Although pulsing with sucrose increased flower diameter and longevity, it caused yellowing of the leaves. GA3 and 1-MCP could delay leaf yellowing but could not improve the quality of the flower; the effects of STS were inconstant. Ethylene production increased in‘Casablanca’after cold storage and when the leaves began to yellow but could be prevented by pulsing. Among the chemicals tested, GA3 was the most effective. The addition of 20% sucrose to GA3 caused a slight increase in ethylene levels. STS mixed with sucrose was ineffective against ethylene production, and STS displayed unstable effects. Respiration in the buds and leaves seemed to be lower by GA3 or STS but increased when sucrose was added. A higher respiration rate in flower buds causes earlier flowering, but the same occurrence in leaves causes it to senescence faster. Before storage,‘Casa Blanca’flowers contained high concentrations of soluble sugars and starch and its leaves contained low levels of them. After storage, the sugar content increased and the starch content decreased. When sucrose was added to the pulsing, soluble sugar levels increased, particularly in the fourth flower, which also contained a greatly increased starch content. In terms of the total soluble sugar distribution throughout the plant, the larger amount of soluble sugars was found in the stem and leaves before cold storage. After storage, the content of total soluble sugars greatly increased in the flowers. Respiration and flowering were effectively inhibited only when‘Casa Blanca’was stored at or below 5℃.A slight decline in respiration at 10℃ and the initial stages of flowering could be observed. When the flowers rewarmed to 25℃, the plants that were stored at 0℃ resumed respiration and flowering rapidly. The cold temperature preventing flowering and cell growth possibly by halted respiration. Useful information was obtained from this two-year study on the quality of ‘Casa Blanca’cut flowers, but many assumptions could not be thoroughly proven because of the low sampling number. The environment under which cut liles were cultivated before harvesting acutely affects the quality of the flowers. Since flower supply is unknown, it is difficult to determine the cause of a decrease in flower quality.
Fisher, Anne Elizabeth. "The relationship between irradiance (quantity, quality and photoperiod), sinking rate and carbohydrate content in two marine diatoms." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3436.
Повний текст джерелаZhang, Li-Xiang, and 張立詳. "Annual Variations of Carbohydrate Content Dynamics in Taiwanese Urban Trees —A Case Study of Camphor and Sweetgum Trees." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65793814578604663773.
Повний текст джерела國立中興大學
園藝學系所
105
Carbohydrate is an index that has been developed for near a hundred years in plant physiology. As an autotroph, plants depend on photosynthate, or glucose, as their only source of energy. Carbohydrate also serves as materials of respiration, wood building, and defensive chemicals production. Owing to aforementioned reasons, carbohydrate content dynamics in different parts of plants show how plants distribute photosynthate and how they survive under various environments. Also, the best preserving way of trees in human cognition is to understand physiology of trees, and to maintain trees based on their physiological properties. Therefore, this study was used carbohydrate content dynamics as a physiological index to observe how urban trees have been interacted with the subtropical environment of Taiwan, and then providing suggestions of urban trees maintenances. This study has been taken two native species: Formosa sweetgum (Liquidambar formosana) and camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) for examples at campus of National Chung Hsing University in Taichung City, Taiwan. Each species has been detected for 6 individual trees. Triplicate sample collection were used for leaves, branches, and root which collected once per month from March 2016 to February 2017. Total Soluble Sugar (TSS) and starch content in samples were determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method. Then this approach was compared carbohydrate content dynamics of two species with the factors of season changing, exploring how these two species to be detected to interact with the subtropical environment of Taiwan. The results were shown that carbohydrate content dynamics of both species has higher correlation with seasonal changes. Their TSS and starch content in leaves, branches, and roots was detected to be lower from the middle of winter to spring, which means that a fraction of carbohydrates offered for differentiation of leaf and flower bud during winter, preparing for the bud break in spring. The other fraction of carbohydrates turned into soluble sugars for the aboveground part of trees to adopt to coldness and drought during winter. Thus, TSS increased in leaves and branches. Besides, the carbohydrate content dynamics of leaves and branches were similar in both species, while dynamics of roots were different. This means that the differences of carbohydrate utilization models between deciduous and evergreen trees might be ambiguous under subtropical climate compared with temperate climate. Furthermore, starch content of roots of camphor trees and Formosa sweetgum both had two peaks in one year, and the time of peaks were similar. However, the degree of fluctuation of camphor trees was less than that of Formosa sweetgums, which means camphor trees might tend to store photosynthate in aboveground part in order to grow new leaves continuously throughout every season.
Xin, Zhanguo. "Influence of high temperature stress on content and translocation of carbohydrates in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during grain filling." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27626.
Повний текст джерелаLI, JIA-HUI, and 李嘉慧. "The morphology and anatomy of Phalaenopsis, the effect of light intensity and different inflorescence development stage on carbohydrate content in phalaenopsis." Thesis, 1990. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67176822480611657216.
Повний текст джерелаGuertin, Claude. "Interaction between the eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae], and white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) voss, its host plant : variations in foliar carbohydrate and amino acid content and insect feeding behaviour." Thesis, 1992. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/3494/1/NN73640.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMoubarac, Jean-Claude. "Étude du comportement et des contextes associés à la consommation d’aliments sucrés dans une communauté montréalaise originaire du Moyen-Orient." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5041.
Повний текст джерелаThe World Health Organization recommends that individuals reduce their consumption of sweet foods and drinks to prevent chronic diseases. Research in public health has not generally sought to elucidate the environmental and individual factors that may jointly influence sweet food consumption. Such knowledge would be relevant, however, in supporting interventions on sweet food consumption. The aim of this thesis was to examine contextual and individual factors associated with daily consumption of sweet foods in adults living in a western urban setting. An established Middle Eastern community in Montreal was the setting for this study. Sweet food was defined as refined carbohydrates that contain more than 20% of total energy from total sugars. In a preliminary step (N = 42), 24-hour recalls enabled the identification of sweet food sources and the measurement of daily intake of total sugars from total energy intake. The context of sweet food consumption was studied through a qualitative descriptive study. An ecological conceptual framework was used to frame the context of sweet food consumption and thus to guide the collection of semi-structured interviews (N=42). Content analysis using open and focused coding techniques was used to inform the development of a quantitative measure to investigate the context of sweet food consumption. This measure was pilot-tested on 20 individuals and administered to the main sample (N = 192). Contextual domains were clarified using exploratory factor analysis. Individual factors measured included depressive symptoms, mastery, sociodemographic factors, perception, daytime sleepiness and HbA1C. A food frequency questionnaire was used to measure daily intake of sweet food (N = 192). Sweet food consumption followed a gamma distribution. Multivariate regression analysis using the generalised linear model (gamma distribution and log-link function) was used to estimate the associations between contextual and individual factors and consumption of sweet food, accounting for covariates (gender and age). Total sugar consumption was 20,3 % of total energy, similar to the average intake of the population of Quebec and Canada. Daily consumption of total sugars averaged 76 g/day. Qualitative analyses and factor analysis led to the identification and refinement of a 42-item contextual measure with items grouped into seven domains (emotional needs, snacking, energy demands, socialisation, visual stimuli, indulgence and constraints). Consumption of total sugars was higher amongst males (B = 0,204, SE = 0,094, p = 0,03). Domains positively associated with total sugar consumption included eating dessert (B = 0,105, SE = 0,036, p = 0,001), snacking (B = 0,225, SE = 0,091, p = 0,01) and depressive symptoms (B = 0,017, SE = 0,094, p = 0,03). Indulgence (B = -0,103, SE = 0,052, p = 0,05), self-moderation (B = -0,121, SE = 0,042, p = 0,001), and age (B = -0,01, SE = 0,004, p = 0,02) were negatively associated with sugar consumption. This mixed-methods study developed a novel measure to study the factors associated with sugar consumption. Individual and contextual factors were jointly associated with consumption of sweet foods. Contextual as well as individual factors should be jointly targeted by public health efforts to support individuals in limiting their consumption of sweet foods, as necessary.