Дисертації з теми "Caractérisation biophysique"
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Muir, Kyle. "Caractérisation biochimique et biophysique du complexe cohésine." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV005/document.
Повний текст джерелаSister chromatid cohesion is a fundamental prerequisite to faithful genome segregation. Cohesion is precisely regulated by accessory factors that modulate the stability with which the cohesin complex embraces chromosomes. One of these factors, Pds5, engages cohesin through Scc1 and participates both in the enhancement of cohesion, and conversely in mediating the release of cohesin from chromatin. In this thesis the crystal structure of a complex between budding yeast Pds5 and Scc1 is presented, thus elucidating the molecular basis of Pds5 function. Pds5 forms an elongated HEAT repeat that binds to Scc1 via a conserved surface patch. Through complementary cell biological and biochemical characterisation of this structure, the thesis demonstrates that the integrity of the Pds5–Scc1 interface is indispensable for the recruitment of Pds5 to cohesin, and that its abrogation results in loss of sister chromatid cohesion and cell viability. The results presented in this thesis therefore suggest that Pds5 is a constitutively bound, core subunit of cohesin
Bourdoncle, Anne. "Caractérisation biophysique des interactions des récepteurs des oestrogènes humains." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON13522.
Повний текст джерелаChervy, Pierre. "Caractérisation biophysique des interactions entre le Lanréotide et des membranes lipidiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS306.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is to characterize the interaction between the Lanreotide – a dicationic octapeptide – and membranes composed of lipids. Even if the peptide is very soluble, it has self-assembling properties. Above the critical concentration – which is sensitive to both temperature and ionic strength – the peptide self-assembles into nanotubes whose structure has been solved by the team. The present work is divided into two parts: on one side the study of the interaction of the Lanreotide with anionic membranes, on the other one the study of the interaction of the Lanreotide with neutral membranes.We adopted a structural approach to characterize the membrane-peptide mixture: X-ray scattering, vibrational spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), electron microscopy (negative staining and freeze-fracture) ; we also used a quantitative approach (ultrafiltration and peptide quantification) in order to determine the stoichiometry of the interaction. In the presence of anionic lipids, the peptide interacts with membranes until its saturation. This interaction, which is not abolished at high ionic strength (2M NaCl or phosphate), induces the self-assembly of the peptide at the surface of the membrane. This phenomenon generates mixed self-assemblies composed of a stack of peptide bilayers sandwiched by lipids bilayers. These stacks wrap into an Archimedian spiral which is a regular spiral with a constant step. In these mixed assemblies, the peptide is organized in a new architecture compared to the self-assemble nanotubes. This new structure has been characterized and solved in this study.In the case of neutral membrane-Lanreotide mixture, the peptide partitions between water and lipids. This observation suggests that in this condition the peptide is able to cross the membranes. The peptide-membrane interaction also decreases the critical concentration of the peptide
Sevajol, Marion. "Caractérisation structurale et biophysique de Elmo1 et des interactions avec son partenaire." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00875173.
Повний текст джерелаDjerad, Salah-Eddine. "Caractérisation rhéologique des matériaux polyphasiques fibreux : application aux tissus musculaires cardiaques." Paris 12, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA120038.
Повний текст джерелаD'auria, Lucia. "Caractérisation biophysique et structurale de IspG et IspH (en complexe avec des inhibiteurs)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023GRALV116.
Повний текст джерелаAntimicrobial resistance poses a significant global health challenge, with the World Health Organization ranking it among the top 10 global threats to public health worldwide. Hence, the urgent need for new anti-infectives targeting novel pathways.In this context, the Methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway becomes particularly significant. The MEP pathway is composed of seven enzymes and is responsible for the biosynthesis of the two isoprenoids precursors: isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). This pathway is completely absent in humans but is essential to pathogenic microorganisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt), Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa).The aims of this project were to elucidate the crystallographic structures of the last two enzymes of the MEP pathway (IspG and IspH) from three different pathogens (P. aeruginosa, M. tuberculosis and P. falciparum) and by combining X-ray fragment screening and in silico virtual screening of chemical libraries, to identify or design new specific inhibitors of these enzymes.Due to the presence of a 4Fe-4S cluster in their active sites, all these targets are oxygen-sensitive enzymes that must be handled under anaerobic conditions using a glove-box. The first part of this work consisted in establishing a protocol for the production and purification of each of the six proteins in quantity suitable for crystallization studies. Pure proteins were obtained for all the IspH orthologues and for Pa and MtIspG.The reactions catalyzed by IspG and IspH are dependent on an electron donating system. For Plasmodium, this system is composed of two proteins: the ferredoxin (a 2Fe-2S cluster, PfFd) and the ferredoxin-reductase (a FAD dependent protein, PfFNR). Obtaining these two active proteins in sufficient quantities was necessary for using the natural reduction system for measuring the enzymatic activities of PfIspG and PfIspH. That’s why the optimization of the expression and purification of PfFd and PfFNR was also achieved during the first part of this project. The activity tests were performed successfully with PfIspH by the group of Dr. Myriam Seemann, our close collaborators at the University of Strasbourg. They also used the Plasmodium system to screen different series of chemical compounds in vitro.Crystallization screening under anaerobic conditions were performed for all the IspG and IspH proteins obtained. Several crystals were obtained and analyzed at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). The collected data led to the elucidation of the first crystallographic structures of PaIspH and MtIspH at 1.5 Å and 2.8 Å resolution, respectively. Both enzymes show a three-leaf clover folding typical of the IspH family.PaIspH contains an incomplete 3Fe-4S cluster and a molecule of bicine coming from the crystallization buffer in its active site. The bicine is interacting with key residues involved in the substrate binding, but has no inhibitory activity. However, this has provided us structural information on possible interactions within the active site, which may help in the design of new inhibitors.For MtIspH, a shift in the third domain leads to a previously unseen opening of the active site. Surprisingly, despite this opening, MtIspH displays a 4Fe-4S cluster. This can be explained by the fact that the displacement of the third domain has brought the cluster closer to the threonine 189, which can bind and stabilize the apical iron.Some of the compounds identified in silico as well as new inhibitors selected in vitro by our collaborators in Strasbourg have been used for co-crystallization assays. The new structural information combined with the in silico docking analysis and the enzymatic activity assays, opens the door for new biophysical and structural studies of these fascinating enzymes that are targeted for the development of new anti-infectives
Ouellet, Hugues. "Caractérisation biochimique et biophysique des hémoglobines 2/2 HbN et HbO de Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26156/26156.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаNasir, Mehmet Nail. "Caractérisation biophysique des interactions de la mycosubtiline, agent antimicrobien, avec des systèmes membranaires biomimétiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10148.
Повний текст джерелаMycosubtilin is an antimicrobial lipopeptide, produced by different strains of Bacillus subtilis and possessing hemolytic and antifungal properties. Its biological activities are due to its interactions with the plasma membranes of the target cells. However, the precise molecular mechanisms of these interactions need to be further elucidated. The aim of this work is to determine the structure elements involved in the biological activities of mycosubtilin. For that purpose, we used membrane biomimetic systems, such as Langmuir monolayers or multilayers, and we analyzed the interactions of mycosubtilin with them by applying specific biophysical tools (surface tensiometry, PM-IRRAS, BAM, SHG, FT-IR and RMN). We determined that there is a preferential interaction of the lipopeptide with biomimetic membranes containing sterols. Thus the tyrosyle residue of mycosubtilin and the secondary alcohol group of the sterol are involved in these interactions. Significant changes in the morphology of the biomimetic membranes induced by the lipopeptide were highlighted; these modifications are more pronounced when the system is ternary, i.e. when it contains a glycerophospholipid, a sterol and sphingomyelin
Contet, Alicia. "Caractérisation biochimique et biophysique des deux cytidylyltransférases de Plasmodium falciparum, enzymes clés du métabolisme des phospholipides." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS085.
Повний текст джерелаMalaria is caused by the infection and destruction of red blood cells by protozoan parasitesbelonging to the genus Plasmodium. During its intra-erythrocytic development, Plasmodiumfalciparum requires massive biosynthesis of membranes which are mainly composed of phospholipids.Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) together represent about 80% of thetotal membrane lipids and inhibition of their biosynthesis leads to parasite death. PC and PE aresynthesized by the parasite's machinery mainly through the de novo CDP-choline and CDPethanolamine(Kennedy) pathways using respectively choline and ethanolamine as precursors. Thisstudy focuses on the rate limiting steps of these pathways catalyzed by CTP:phosphocholine andCTP:phosphoethanolamine cytidylytransferases (PfCCT and PfECT, respectively). In Plasmodiumspecies, both CCT and ECT contain two catalytic cores (CT domains) separated by a long linker.Interestingly, for CCT this feature is found only in three organisms, all from the phylum ofApicomplexa: Babesia, Theileria and Plasmodium, whereas the presence of two CT domains is ageneral feature in all ECTs known so far. The first part of this work consists in the biochemicalcharacterization of PfCCT and the investigation of its druggability. We showed that both PfCCT CTdomains are active and display similar kinetic parameters while only the N-terminal CT domain wasactive in PfECT. Subsequent to an in silico structure-based screening of compounds libraries, weidentified a PfCCT inhibitor able to inhibit PC synthesis as well as P. falciparum growth in vitro in thehigh µM range. This compound represents a first step toward the optimization of future more potentcompounds. In the second part of this study, we investigated the catalytic mechanism of PfECT anddeciphered its interactions with its ligands using biochemical, biophysical and structural approaches.Collectively, these results bring new insights into the biochemical and structural properties of thesetwo keys enzymes of the phospholipid metabolism in P. falciparum and pave the way for their futuredevelopment as potential drug target
Matar, Gladys. "Caractérisation biophysique de peptides riches en tryptophane à l'interface air-eau : apport de l'optique non linéaire." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10249.
Повний текст джерелаMembrane proteins are extremely rich in aromatic amino acids, like tryptophan (W). This particularity is found in many antimicrobial peptides and in several virus fusion proteins. An example of these fusion proteins is the HIV-1 envelop glycoprotein, the gp41. It is clear that the W residues are implicated in membrane perturbation and pore formation. The aim of this work was the investigation of the W residue role in such activities, using the nonlinear optic. First, we determined the W hyperpolarizabilité (nonlinear potential) by the Hyper Rayleigh Scattering (HRS). Then, the evolution of the nonlinear signal of small synthetic peptides, as function of the increasing number of their W residues, was demonstrated. These results allowed us to follow the W residue involvement of two peptides, K3W4 and gp41W, in the interaction with lipids monolayer at the air-water interface, using the second harmonic generation (SHG). The influence of such interaction in the peptide structure and orientation was determined using the PM-IRRAS. In conclusion, we showed the coherence between the SHG signal variation, due to the W orientation changes, and the PMIRRAS spectra modification, due to the gp41W helix orientation changes
Caillon, Lucie. "Etude biophysique de peptides amyloïdes en présence de membranes : caractérisation de leurs interactions et détermination de leurs structures." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066484.
Повний текст джерелаThe amyloid peptide IAPP, which is implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus, aggregates from an initial monomeric state to amyloid fibrils, via oligomeric species. Peptide aggregation, which takes place through membrane contact, was studied using fluorescence, electron microscopy, circular dichroism and NMR. The effect of membrane model was highlighted, in terms of shape, size (micelles, bicelles, SUV, LUV) and composition (lipid headgroups and acyl chains), on aggregation kinetics, conformational change kinetics and fibril morphology. Next, we wanted to elucidate the role of cholesterol in peptide/membranes interactions using vesicles composed of 0 to 30% cholesterol. High cholesterol content was shown to increase aggregation kinetics. Furthermore, IAPP in the presence of bicelles was studied by liquid state NMR in order to solve its structure under these conditions. First results indicate that the C terminus does not insert into the membrane and has an important flexibility. Finally, IAPP was compared with an antimicrobial and amyloid-like peptide, dermaseptin S9. This study shows that fibril formation and membrane permeabilisation mechanisms are not linked and that dermaseptin S9 binds to membrane in an aggregated state, maybe leading to the formation of a transient pore
Rosenbaum, Eva. "Caractérisation structurale, enzymatique et biophysique d'un complexe peptidase piezo-thermophile issue de l'archaea marine abyssale Pyrococcus horikoshii." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10298.
Повний текст джерелаRecently Franzetti et al. Discovered a new type of energy-independent self-compartmentalized proteases in Archaea. The particles were named TET for their tetrahedral three-dimensional structure. The TETs self assemble as large molecular weight complexes of about 500kDa. Their role in the organism is yet unknown. In P. Horikoshii, a hyperthermophilic Archaea from the deep sea, three TET proteases have been identified (PhTET1, 2 and 3). We have expressed and purified recombinant PhTET3. The enzyme was characterized biochemically and we determined the structure of a PhTET3 12 subunit complex by x-ray crystallography. In order to gain insight into its potential physiological role and to ascertain why there are three TET proteases in P. Horikoshii, the structure and the enzymatic properties of PhTET3 have been compared to the two other TET proteases that were characterized before. As self-compartmentalization plays an important role in functioning and regulation of proteases, the factors controlling PhTET3 oligomerization in vitro have been studied by analytical ultracentrifugation and small angle neutron scattering. Finally, under physiological deep sea conditions, the enzyme is exposed to high temperature (up to 100°C) and high pressure. In order to study the limits of stability of large molecular weight assemblies, the low-resolution structure and the enzymatic activity of PhTET3 have been monitored under high pressures and temperatures using small angle x-ray scattering and high-pressure spectrophotometry. Taken together, these studies revealed that the TET proteases of P. Horikoshii form an integrated peptide degradation systems and that PhTET3 exhibits unusual stability under high pressure and temperature as well as environment-associated enzymatic properties
Vasseur, Lucie. "Optimisation de la production et de la purification du canal hERG en vue d’une caractérisation biophysique et structurale." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT127/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe human protein hERG (human ether-à-go-go related gene) assembles as homo-tetramer to form the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv11.1. This channel is involved in repolarization of the cardiac action potential by regulating the potassium release from cardiomyocytes. hERG malfunction was found to cause long QT syndrome, a disorder that predisposes affected patients to arrhythmias and sudden death. This can be due to congenital mutation in the hERG gene and, most frequently, it is caused by pharmacological agents. Several drugs are known to block the channel ion pathway, resulting in off-target inhibition of hERG. Consequently, understanding the molecular basis of drug binding to hERG has become a high priority. The recent determination of a near-atomic resolution structure of the opened channel, using cryo-electron microscopy, provides insights into how this channel work. But several questions are still unanswered to understand the mechanisms of hERG function and drug binding. Moreover, new biophysical protocols with the purified hERG channel would help scientists and industries to anticipate drug side effects. In this context, we investigated strategies to purify a stable, homogenous and functional hERG channel. Our study was based on a shorter and chimeric hERG channel, the hERG(S1-coil) version. We optimized each step from production to purification of membrane proteins by testing experimental protocols found in the literature. In this thesis project, we first compared production rates of the channel in several prokaryote and eukaryotes recombinant systems. Total protein produced and the percent of functional channel were investigated in membranes from each recombinant system. Then, the channel was extracted from membranes before purification. Solubilizing rates and channel stability were compared depending on detergents. In another hand, we also developed protocols to investigate the channel stability and function along production and purification. A tetrameric and functional channel was finally purified and identified by this strategy. More work however is still needed to improve channel homogeneity and stability before to be suitable for biophysical and structural studies. In the future, this work could also help investigations in production and purification of other oligomeric membrane proteins
Ricard-Blum, Sylvie. "Caractérisation biochimique et biophysique des collagènes de cartilages bovin et humain : application à l'étude du vieillissement et de l'arthrose." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO19037.
Повний текст джерелаNominé, Yves. "Caractérisation biophysique de la qualité des protéines de fusion : application à l'étude structurale et fonctionnelle de l'oncoprotéine virale E6." Strasbourg 1, 2002. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2002/NOMINE_Yves_2002.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаE6 is an oncoprotein produced by "high risk" Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) involved in cervical cancers. E6 participates oncogenesis through different pathways, in particular by degrading the cellular tumor suppressor protein p53. The aim of this thesis was to solve the solution structure of E6 by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The introduction chapter first focuses on the different states (micro- and macroscopic) adopted by globular proteins in solution, including notions such as folding and stability. Then we record the principles, applications and limits of various biophysical techniques for the study of proteins. Finally, we briefly introduce the biological context of E6 protein. At the start of this work, E6 had never been purified although its sequence was known since 1985. In the results section, we first demonstrate that bacterial expression of E6 fused to the C-terminus of MBP (Maltose Binding Protein) generates " soluble inclusion bodies ". These particles, which originate from agregation of misfolded E6 moieties, remain soluble thanks to the high solubility of MBP moities. These observations have allowed us to produce soluble and folded samples of full-length E6 as well as its two zinc-binding domains. Finally, we have managed to solve the NMR structure of the C-terminal zinc-binding domain. On another hand, the optimized quality of our E6 samples have allowed us to demonstrate E6 binding to a particular DNA structural motif found in four-way DNA junctions. The kinetic parameters of this interaction have been determined by BIAcore. This work will provide a better understanding of the molecular pathways of E6 action and opens the way for new therapeutic strategies against cervical cancers. Furthermore, our methods for control and optimization of protein fusion quality can be generalized for future studies of other recalcitrant proteins
Maitrepierre, Elodie. "Expression hétérologue, repliement in-vitro et caractérisation biophysique du domaine N-terminal de la sous-unité T1R3 du récepteur au goût sucré." Thesis, Dijon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DIJOS039.
Повний текст джерелаThe sweet taste receptor is a heterodimer composed of two subunits called T1R2 and T1R3. Each subunit belongs to the class C of G protein-coupled receptors and is constituted by a large extracellular N-terminal domain (NTD) linked to the transmembrane domain by a cysteine-rich region. It has been shown that T1R2 and T1R3 NTDs are both able to bind natural sugars and sucralose with distinct affinities and undergo ligand-dependent conformational change (Nie et al., Curr Biol, 2005). However, the binding properties of T1R3 NTD and the relative contribution of the two subunits to the heterodimeric receptor function remained largely unknown. To characterize the binding properties of each subunit in greater depth a large quantity of proteins is required to use biochemical, biophysical and structural approaches. To accomplish this goal, we took advantage of bacterial expression strategy, which has been successfully used to produce functional mouse T1R2 and T1R3 NTDs (Nie et al., Curr Biol, 2005). Human T1R3 NTD was expressed in high level in Escherichia coli as insoluble aggregated protein (inclusion bodies). Transferring this protein into its native state by in vitro refolding requires screening to find buffer conditions and suitable additives. We established a factorial screen to detect folded functional T1R3 NTD based on intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence quenching by sucralose (known to bind mT1R3 NTD) and identified positive synergistic interactions between additives on refolding of T1R3 NTD. The soluble T1R3 NTD protein was then purified and characterized using electrophoresis, gel filtration, fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy. T1R3 NTD is properly refolded and able to bind saccharide compounds with physiological relevant affinities. As expected, one free thiol could be measured in T1R3 NTD using Ellman’s assay suggesting that except one, all the cysteines are involved in disulfide linkages. This presence of this free cystein was also confirmed by mass spectrometry identification of the fluorescent peptide resulting from trypsin digestion. This free cysteine was used to covalently attach an environmentally sensitive fluorophore. This study also revealed that calcium and magnesium was able to bind T1R3 NTD. Due to the high quantities of functional NTD T1R3, the interactions with some sweeteners were characterized using microcalorimetry. Interestingly, we confirmed that T1R3 NTD is also able to bind numerous sweeteners with physiological affinities, suggesting that T1R3 NTD plays an important role in sweetener recognition
Duchalet, Alysson. "caractérisation biophysique de l'action de molécules polyphénoliques sur les propriétés mécaniques cellulaires et membranaires et lignées colorectales cancéreuses par microscopie à force atomique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024REIMS011.
Повний текст джерелаColorectal cancer is projected to reach 3.1 million new cases and approximately 1.6 million deaths by 2040. Current treatments include chemotherapy regimens using agents like 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), known for their significant toxicity. Moreover, at the metastatic stage, around 90% of tumors develop resistance to chemotherapy due to mechanisms that enhance molecule efflux or promote cell survival. Addressing these challenges requires the development of novel molecules or molecular combinations to enhance chemotherapy efficiency. The biophysical properties of membranes are profoundly influenced by their composition, particularly cholesterol, which affects membrane fluidity. Alterations in lipid composition and membrane biophysical properties can modify tumor progression by impacting cellular signaling, migration, invasion, and response to therapies. Since the 1990s, polyphenols such as resveratrol (RSV) and xanthohumol (XN) have shown promising anticancer activity in both in vitro and animal studies, often enhancing treatment effectiveness, although their precise action mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate how RSV and XN, both potent membrane-interacting compounds, affect cellular biophysics and mechanical properties involved in cancer development. We conducted experiments using three stages of colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines (SW480, HT29, SW620) and a control non-tumor cell line (CRL1831). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that after 24 hours of exposure to RSV and XN, cancerous colorectal cells exhibited reduced volume and increased cellular elasticity, changes not observed in the control cells. These alterations were associated with cortical cytoskeleton remodeling and initiation of apoptosis, supported by increased caspase-3 activity. Using Laurdan fluorescent probe and confocal microscopy, we found that RSV and XN increased plasma membrane fluidity in cancer cells in a manner dependent on cell line aggressiveness, with no significant effects observed in CRL1831 cells. Furthermore, pre-treatment with RSV and XN for 24 hours enhanced the effectiveness of subsequent 5-FU treatment in cancer cell lines. Once again, control cells were not affected, suggesting a cancer-specific effect. Additionally, we explored the impact of RSV and XN on membrane biophysics using simple model membranes. Our aim was to analyze the impact of cholesterol concentration on membrane structure, as well as the membrane response to interaction with RSV and XN, using AFM and molecular modeling. Our results show that RSV tends to induce an increase in membrane elasticity, irrespective of cholesterol content, providing insights into their therapeutic potential in colorectal cancer. Overall, our results demonstrate the importance of biophysical techniques such as AFM in studying alterations in membrane biophysical properties induced by RSV and XN. These alterations could modulate the response to anticancer treatments and influence disease progression, underscoring the need for a multidisciplinary approach integrating biological and biophysical analysis methods to explore their therapeutic potential in colorectal cancer
Boumlic, Anissa. "Etude de la protéine ARFP/Core+1/S du virus de l'hépatite C : analyse du mécanisme de la traduction, caractérisation biophysique et étude fonctionnelle." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6225.
Повний текст джерелаThe hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects more than 170 million people in the world. To date, no vaccine is yet available and current therapies are limited due to the extreme genetic heterogeneity of the virus and its constant resistance. The HCV produces a polyprotein, which is processed to give rise to 11 structural and non structural proteins involved in the structure, the replication and the persistance of the virus. These proteins are also known to causes severe pathologies including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the third death-causing cancer worldwide. In addition, the HCV genome contains an alternative reading frame known as Core+1 ORF, which overlaps the capsid protein (Core) gene with a shift of one base (+1). This frame was shown to express a group of proteins named ARFP/Core+1 through unusual events such as ribosomal frameshift or internal initiation at alternative codons. Extensive studies of the HCV-1a Core+1 ORF previously showed that ARFP/Core+1 is the major form expressed from this frame. We sought to study the ARFP/Core+1/S proteins of HCV-1b associated to HCC. Our study was divided into the 3 following parts: (1) unravelling the mechanism involved in the translation of the ARFP/Core+1 proteins of the VHC-1b, (2) dissecting the structural features of the ARFP/Core+1/S and (3) understanding the functional role of this protein. This work provides new insights into the characterization of the ARFP/Core+1/S protein and contributes to understanding the role of this protein in the HCV infection course and pathogenesis
Bédard, Mikaël. "Caractérisation structurale de Miz-1 dans le cadre de la répression génique causée par le complexe c-Myc/Miz-1." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9788.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract : c-Myc is a transcription factor (TF) deregulated in the majority of human cancers. In heterodimer with its obligatory partner Max, c-Myc preferentially binds E-Box DNA sequences (CACGTG) and activates genes involved in protein and RNA biogenesis, metabolism and cell proliferation. It is now well established that c-Myc can also bind and inhibit some TFs involved in the expression of cytostatic genes to exert its mitogenic potential. Among those, the inhibition of Miz-1 by c-Myc is the best characterized case. Miz-1 is a TF containing 13 Cys2-His2 zinc fingers (ZFs) that is involved in the expression of many cell cycle regulators such as the CDK inhibitors p15[superscript INK4], p21[superscript CIP1] et p57[superscript KIP2]. More recently, it was shown that, on the other hand, Miz-1 is also able to reverse the transcriptional activator functions of c-Myc and to prevent the proliferation of c-Myc-dependent cancer cells. These observations led to the interesting hypothesis that the balance of c-Myc and Miz-1 levels could determine cell fate and establish Miz-1 as an interesting target for the design of novel cancer drugs. Although those proteins seem central to the regulation of the cell cycle, the molecular mechanisms allowing them to inhibit each other and the molecular determinants allowing their specific association remain poorly understood. Moreover, the structural biology of Miz-1 remains to be explored considering that none of its 13 ZF structures, essential to its DNA binding, have been determined so far. The work presented in this thesis aim at characterizing the structural biology of Miz-1 in the context of the transcriptional repression caused by the c-Myc/Miz-1 complex. We present results from in vitro experiments showing that a domain comprised between the 12th and 13th ZFs of Miz-1 is involved in its binding to c-Myc. Moreover, we demonstrate that Miz-1 and Max compete to engage c-Myc. These results suggest for the first time that Miz-1 inhibits c-Myc by a sequestration mechanism preventing its association with its obligatory partner Max. Moreover, they argue that Miz-1 could serve as a reference for the development of c-Myc specific peptide inhibitors as a new approach for cancer drug design. Finally, we realized the structural and dynamical characterization of Miz-1 ZFs 1 to 4 and 8 to 10 and the characterization of their DNA binding potential. The results collected, coupled to bioinformatics analysis, allowed us to suggest a model for Miz-1 specific binding to its consensus DNA sequence recently unveiled.
Gontier, Amandine. "Etude d'interactions protéine-ADN : Interactions Ku70/Ku80-ADN au sein de la voie NHEJ et caractérisation d'inhibiteurs d'une interaction protéine-ADN cible dans un contexte de recherche de médicaments." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS553.
Повний текст джерелаThe maintenance of DNA integrity is central in all organisms to ensure successful life and reproduction.The DNA should be duplicated and transmitted to next generation cells in its entirety with a minimalamount of alteration. Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most toxic DNA damages and can originatefrom endogenous or exogenous stresses . In antic-cancer treatments, radiotherapy aims at generatingDSBs locally on tumor cells and thus induce their apoptosis. Current major challenge nowadays is tounderstand the mechanism of resistance of some tumors to these treatments and to characterize newinhibitors of NHEJ to potentiate the effect of radiotherapy. The NHEJ pathway begins with therecognition of CDBs extremities by a Ku70/80 (Ku) heterodimeric protein. Ku serves as a recruitmentplatform for the other factors of the NHEJ pathway involved in the processing and ligation of the DNAends. The first part of this thesis focuses on the characterization of Ku-protein interaction sites and onthe characterization of new molecules as potential drugs against Ku. The interaction sites of two majorKu partners, XLF and APLF, were characterized by calorimetry using peptides containing theinteraction motif of these proteins, called KBM (for Ku-Binding Motifs) or the proteins themselves. Thecrystallographic structure of a Ku-DNA complex with a small molecule, IP6, has been determined. TheIP6 has a strong affinity for Ku with a KD of 50 nM. We showed that this molecule stimulates Ku bindingon DNA by three biophysical methods (calorimetry, switchSENSE and sm-TIRF). Finally, a highthroughput screening of library of Sanofi fragments of 987 molecules was performed in vitro by DSFand validated by NMR on the Ku protein and identified 15 fragments that could interact with Ku. Thiswork paves the way for the rational design of inhibitors derived from the pXLF peptides, pAPLF, IP6molecules or fragments by grafting on these platforms new chemical functions to further improve theaffinity and inhibit the NHEJ pathway. The second part of this thesis focused on protein-DNAinteractions studied by Sanofi in a discovery drugs project in oncology and the analysis of the addedvalue of a new approach switchSENSE implemented at CEA Saclay. We analyzed 4 constructs of aprotein interacting with two DNAs and the effect of 15 inhibitory molecules identified upstream inSanofi's « Integrated Drug Discovery » service. The switchSENSE experiments made it possible tocharacterize the KD of the 4 constructs for DNA and to measure inhibition constants for the inhibitors.These measurements are in good agreement with the measurements made at Sanofi by SPR, MST andNMR. This study positions the switchSENSE as a promising approach in the validation of newinhibitors, in particular for protein-DNA interactions
Duval, Aurélien. "Système de biopuces à imagerie plasmonique polarimétrique pour la caractérisation dynamique de l'anisotropie de films nano-fonctionnalisés et nano-structurés." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00426690.
Повний текст джерелаDesnos, Hugo. "Amélioration des procédures de cryoconservation de type congélation-lente par simulation et caractérisation des effets de composés chitooligosaccharides." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1048/document.
Повний текст джерелаWe wished to move aside classical cryopreservation procedure improvements that are based on empiricism and to focus on existing biophysical models in order to describe procedures. We based our study on two methods. The first method consisted in developing the methods for the simulations of procedures, by characterizing the use of Snomax in a DSC device. This study highlighted that the nucleation temperature (Tn) control is possible under precise experimental conditions (sample volume and Snomax concentration) that influence the presence probability of 3 INA subpopulations of the P. syringae protein aggregates. The possibility to simulate the cryopreservation procedures has been achieved for some supercooling ranges within complex cryopreservation solutions. Consequently, it has been possible to characterize the physical effects influenced by Tn and involved within procedures. These results will participate in supplying cryopreservation biophysical models. The second method aimed to modify the composition of cryopreservative solutions in order to reduce the DMSO use (because of its cytotoxicity), using extracellular CPA components: the chitooligosaccharides COS. Subsequent to the biocompatibility verification of the COS with embryonic cells, the thermodynamic influence of the COS has been characterized. Therefore, it has been demonstrated that COS are cryostabilizers that link themselves to a small number of water molecules and does not influence its physicochemical properties. Consequently, COS can be added within the extracellular space without any risk to accelerate the cell dehydration. It has been demonstrated that COS favor the gelation of the extracellular space and that this gelation relies on the mass proportion of water in the residual solution. This gelation immobilizes a part of the system and therefore favor its stabilization when the temperature reaches the risky recrystallization range
Marchand, Philipp. "Caractérisation biochimique et biophysique de protéines impliquées dans des pathologies humaines : activité enzymatique des domaines de liaison aux nucléotides de la protéine de résistances aux drogues MRP1 et informations structurales par RMN du solide sur la protéine du prion." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066250.
Повний текст джерелаIn the present work we dealt with two independent projects. The aim of the first part was to produce and functionally and/or structurally characterize the two nucleotide-binding domains (NBD1 and NBD2) of the human ABC transporter ABCC1/MRP1, which are needed to power the transport of substrates across the cell membrane, e. G. The export of chemotherapeutics from cancer cells. While a crystal structure together with functional reports are available for isolated NBD1, it has so far not been possible to produce large quantities of monomeric NBD2 to enable a more extensive structural/enzymatic characterization. Here, we tested a series of new approaches to increase the solubility of NBD2 expressed as a recombinant protein in E. Coli, including the use of different constructs, co-expression of chaperones, expression in inclusion bodies and refolding. Unfortunately this did not sufficiently improve the quality of NBD2 samples in terms of oligomeric state to envisage further investigation by NMR. In contrast, NBD1 could be produced and purified. The wildtype protein together with an a priori non ATP-binding mutant were tested for adenylate kinase activity, which had been reported for other ABC transporters, but which we showed not to be part of the activity spectrum of NBD1. In the second part we dealt with the H2H3 domain of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy causing protein PrP in its amyloid conformation. The main objective was to improve sample quality for solid state NMR measurements by oligomerization pathway selection. Within the scope of this project we could show that the H2H3 domain is sufficient for structural information transference during fibrillation
Nahaboo, Wallis. "Élongation du fuseau mitotique dans l'Embryon de C. elegans : caractérisation d'une Nouvelle Force de propulsion." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN003.
Повний текст джерелаIn mitosis, different mechanical forces are involved in chromosome segregation. In C. elegans one-cell embryos, preliminary data suggest that an unknown mechanism, coming from inside the mitotic spindle, could influence chromosome separation. In those cells, it has been showed that kinetochore microtubule activity is absent. Thanks to external pulling forces, centrosome separation drives chromosome segregation. By using microsurgery inside the one-cell C. elegans embryos, we have shown that destroying one or two centrosomes did not prevent chromosome separation, revealing the existence of an outward pushing force (Nahaboo et al., 2015). By combining gene inactivation and centrosome destruction, we showed that the kinesin-5 and the crosslinker SPD-1 act as a brake on this pushing force, whereas they enhance chromosome segregation in other species. Moreover, we identified a novel role for the two microtubule-growth and nucleation agents, RanGTP and CLASP, in the establishment of the centrosome-independent force during anaphase. Their involvement raises the interesting possibility that microtubule polymerization of midzone microtubules is required to sustain chromosome segregation during mitosis. Then, we aim to reversibility affect microtubule dynamics in the central spindle. Because of the lack of adequate tools, we have collaborated with biochemists from Dr. D. Trauner lab, in Munich, Germany, who are specialized in photoactivable drugs. They have synthetized a photoswitable drug, Photostatin (PST), which can depolymerize microtubules in few seconds in an on/off manner (Borowiak et al., 2015). Under blue light (390 - 430 nm), PST is activated leading to microtubule depolymerization, whereas under green light (500 - 530 nm), PST is activated which does not affect microtubule dynamics. I measured that microtubule growing is absent in presence of activated PST in Hela cells. I also showed that cell cycle can be stopped thank to activated PST in multiple cell C. elegans embryos. We have shown that PST can control microtubule dynamics thanks to visible light in vitro, in cellulo and in vivo, as an on/off switch, in a non-invasive, local and reversible manner
Ozenne, Valéry. "Caractérisation des protéines intrinsèquement désordonnées par résonance magnétique nucléaire." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00828597.
Повний текст джерелаGérard, Francine. "Caractérisations biophysiques et structurales du complexe de réplication des Rhabdoviridae." Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10219.
Повний текст джерелаVesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) serves as a model for studying the multiplication of viruses (Mononegavirales), whereas rabies (RV) is still a serious health problem. VSV & RV genomes encode in particular the nucleoprotein (N) and the phosphoprotein (P). N binds to the viral genome forming an N-RNA complex that serves as a matrix for viral transcription and replication. P is a cofactor of the viral polymerase (L), and a chaperone of N. P binds to N-RNA (C-terminal domain) and to L (N-terminal domain), making a physical link between the viral genome and L. The stoechiometry, the structure and the exact functions of P oligomers are controversial or unknown. The aim of this work was to undertake a structural and biophysical characterization of P and of the complexes that it forms with N-RNA in order to understand the dynamic of the replicative complex of theses viruses. Biophysical studies of RV & VSV P show that these proteins behave as elongated dimers in solution. Bioinformatics analysis indicates a modular organisation of P, confirmed with biochemical and biophysical datas of RV P mutants. Structure of the C-terminal domain of VSV P was solved by NMR showing a homology with the C-terminal domain of RV P. Characterization of the interaction between P and N-ARN rings complexes revealed two forms of N-RNA-P complexes, with one and 2 dimers of P. Structural analysis with electron microscopy of the nucleocapsid-P complexes revealed an important conformational change. The viral genome must dissociate locally from N to allow the viral polymerase to access to the genome information. The N-RNA-P interaction is an interesting target for drug design as it only exists in viruses
Ammam, Ianis. "Études et caractérisations tribologiques des mécanismes biophysiques de la lubrification orale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ECDL0042.
Повний текст джерелаThe study of oral lubrication has become a current concern for the food industry. Quantitative analyses allow for understanding and anticipating physiological mechanisms, such as predicting astringency phenomena in food products. Astringency is characterized by a decrease in oral mucosa lubrication following the consumption of plant-based products. However, current research on oral lubrication relies on synthetic materials that poorly represent oral tissues, neglecting interactions between secreted salivary proteins and transmembrane proteins, thus limiting the understanding of lubrication mechanisms. This thesis is part of the MACARON project, which aims to investigate the role of oral mucosa in sensory perception. In vitro models of oral mucosa expressing the transmembrane protein MUC1 have been developed to simulate fundamental interactions between MUC1 and salivary proteins responsible for tissue lubrication and hydration. Additionally, a tribometer has been designed to perform in vitro tribological tests on these epithelial models to monitor their lubrication state. Thus, this thesis focuses on studying the molecular mechanisms of oral lubrication through an in vitro tribological approach, using macro- and micrometric physical parameters. Firstly, this manuscript provides a study on the crucial role of MUC1 mucin and its structure in oral lubrication. The presence of MUC1 enhances lubrication by improving the retention of salivary proteins on the cell surface. Secondly, the manuscript explores molecular mechanisms of astringency. In vitro tribological tests in the presence of astringent compounds show that these substances form aggregations on the epithelial surface, reducing oral lubrication. Concurrently, our work demonstrates protective mechanisms, including the dissociation of MUC1 and the interaction of proline-rich proteins with tannins, mitigating these adverse effects on lubrication. Through additional study, correlations between sensory perception and our measured physical properties are established, demonstrating the ability of our methodology to classify individuals based on their sensitivity to astringency. Finally, the last study presents the development of a new oral mucosa model aiming to reproduce mechanical and physicochemical properties of in vivo mucosa. This thesis proposes an innovative methodology for studying oral lubrication, particularly focusing on mechanisms responsible for astringency sensation through the use of mucosa models increasingly closer to physiological oral tissues
Bigouret, Armelle. "Caractérisation des différences interindividuelles de jugement thermosensoriel à partir de mesures biophysiques cutanées." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00823313.
Повний текст джерелаGARRIGUES, Sebastien. "Hétérogénéité spatiale des surfaces terrestres en télédétection : caractérisation et influence sur l'estimation des variables biophysiques." Phd thesis, Agrocampus - Ecole nationale supérieure d'agronomie de renneS, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010425.
Повний текст джерелаGarrigues, Sébastien. "Hétérogénéité spatiale des surfaces terrestres en télédétection : caractérisation et influence sur l’estimation des variables biophysiques." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NSARF028.
Повний текст джерелаBiophysical variable estimates from remote sensing data characterize plant canopy structure and functioning. The monitoring of earth surface dynamic processes at global scale requires high temporal frequency remote sensing observations which are provided up to now thanks to coarse spatial resolution sensors. At these scales, both the spatial heterogeneity of the observed scenes and the non linearity of the relationships between the biophysical variable of interest and the radiometric data, generate a bias in the variable estimation. This work aims at reducting the biophysical variable estimation uncertainty due to scaling effects. Spatial heterogeneity is characterized by the variogram of high spatial resolution remote sensing data (NDVI, NIR, RED). The analysis is performed for different landscapes. Typical length scales as measured by the range of the variogram is between 50m and 800m. Then, a method is developed to reduce scaling effects in the estimates of the biophysical variable. It accounts for spatial heterogeneity within coarse resolution pixel and the degree of non linearity of the relationship between remote sensed data and biophysical variable. Results show good performance for coarse resolution sensors. Based on the characterization of heterogeneity over a large range of landscapes (18), the optimal resolution, i. E the resolution that would minimize the artefacts due to the spatial heterogeneity, is estimated at 30m
Guggenbuhl, Sylvain. "Étude structurale de complexes ADN de la protéine MeCP2 impliqués dans le syndrome de Rett." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAJ083.
Повний текст джерелаRett syndrome is a rare genetic disorder leading to severe neurological impairments. It is caused by mutations of the MeCP2 protein. MeCP2 is a DNA binding protein whose MBD domain specifically binds to hydroxymethylated cytosines in the context of CA dinucleotide repeats. This thesis presents a structural study by X-ray crystallography and a biophysical characterization by ITC and NanoDSF of the five most frequent mutations that are naturally affecting the MBD domain of MeCP2 in patients with Rett syndrome.The structures of the MBD P152R and S134C in complex with DNA containing a hydroxymethylated cytosine within a CA dinucleotide repeat have been determined. These structures reveal an alteration caused by the mutation of the specific and critical interaction of MeCP2 that usually enables the recognition of hydroxymethylated cytosines. In addition, the biophysical characterization of the mutations reveals a decrease of the binding affinity of the MBD toward hydroxymethylated CA dinucleotide repeats along with a decrease in the MBD folding stability for some mutations
Beauvais, Estelle. "Caractérisation de systèmes biologiques à l'échelle nanométrique : études des interactions entre des modèles membranaires et des agents exogènes." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067152.
Повний текст джерелаMeyer, Sandra. "Caractérisation des domaines N-terminal et de liaison à l'ADN du récepteur des androgènes par des approches biophysiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ091/document.
Повний текст джерелаMy PhD project is at the boundary between biology and biophysic. Methods used include nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), small ange X-ray scattering (SAXS), circular dichroïsm (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopy. The androgen receptor (AR) DNA binding domain (DBD) and its interaction with DNA was studied in a first part. A mutation in the DBD leads to a modified DNA recognition by the mutant compared to the wild-type. Our results indicate changes in dynamic of the mutant receptor that leads to the homodimer destabilisation.The second part of my project aim to establish a link between sequence and function of the AR N terminal domain (NTD).As described in literature, this region is involved in the activity of the receptor and is also an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP). The results obtained during my thesis indicate that this region is involved in transient contact with the DBD. This suggest an allosteric coupling between the DBD and the neighboring residues on the NTD.This coupling modifies the conformational ensemble accessible to the NTD by stabilizing a α-helix conformation
Bougault, Catherine. "Nouveaux agrégats fer-soufre dissymétriques à ligands trithiols cyclotriveratrylènes : synthèses et caractérisations physico-chimiques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10144.
Повний текст джерелаAmendola, Julien. "Développement postnatal d'un modèle murin de sclérose latérale amyotrophique : Acquisitions sensori-motrices, fonctionnement des réseaux lombaires et caractérisation des propriétés électriques et morphologiques des motoneurones." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00537888.
Повний текст джерелаHopulele, Ioana. "Caractérisation biophysique d'un pore membranaire constitutif du réticulum endoplasmique des hépatocytes de rat." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17379.
Повний текст джерела"Caractérisation biochimique et biophysique des hémoglobines 2/2 HbN et HbO de Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26156/26156.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаZottig, Ximena. "Caractérisation in silico, biophysique et enzymatique d'une nouvelle lipase alcalinophile provenant d'une souche d'Aneurinibacillus Thermoaerophilus." Thèse, 2016. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/7989/1/031504475.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRosenbaum, Eva. "Caractérisation structurale, enzymatique et biophysique d'un complexe peptidase piezo-thermophile issue de l'archaea marine abyssale Pyrococcus horikoshii." Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363757.
Повний текст джерелаGagnon, Christina. "Caractérisation structurale et biophysique de l’impact de l’acétylation de SUMO1 sur son interaction dépendante de la phosphorylation avec PML." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20405.
Повний текст джерелаCabana, Jean-François. "Caractérisation de la microstructure corticale par IRM multimodale : application à l'étude de la mutation SYN1_Q555X." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19118.
Повний текст джерелаA mutation of the SYN1 gene has recently been discovered in several members of a large French-Canadian family segregating language disorders, focal epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Although no apparent macroscopic abnormality could be identified in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, we hypothesized that quantitative MRI modalities sensitive to tissue microstructure and composition could allow the identification of subtle anomalies. We acquired multimodal MRI data from 13 SYN1_Q555x mutation carriers and 13 healthy controls matched for age and sex. A surface-based group statistical analysis was performed on the cortical parametric maps to characterize the effect of the mutation on several quantitative physical parameters. In summary, alterations were found in the language network, as well as abnormal lateralization of the latter over the right hemisphere. The most significant changes in these regions are a decrease in mean diffusivity and an increase in fractional anisotropy. A biophysical model is proposed to explain these results, which suggest an increase in neuropil density or volume fraction. This study is, to our knowledge, the first to successfully use diffusion imaging and multiparametric mapping in a surface-based approach to detect cortical anomalies in a group of subjects with a well-defined genotype linked to language impairments, epilepsy and ASD. Importantly, this study also shows that diffusion MRI, although traditionally seen as a white matter modality, can effectively be used in a surface-based approach to characterize subtle cortical pathology not detectable otherwise, even when only a relatively small group of subjects is available.
Abraham, Sarah Mélissa Jane. "Développement d’une plateforme de criblage par SPR pour la caractérisation d’inhibiteurs de la DHFR R67." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19340.
Повний текст джерелаL'objectif du projet de recherche est de développer une méthode de criblage d’inhibiteurs basée sur une technologie émergente, soit un dispositif portatif utilisant la résonance des plasmons de surface (SPR). La cible du criblage est la dihydrofolate réductase R67 (DHFR R67), une enzyme qui confère une résistance bactérienne à l'antibiotique triméthoprime. Ici, l'enzyme cible est immobilisée sur une surface d'or mince avec des propriétés plasmoniques (optiques) spécifiques qui varient en fonction de la masse des molécules se liant à cette surface. Cette technique permet de suivre les événements de liaison de molécules à la DHFR R67 immobilisée, et ainsi peut permettre l'identification d'inhibiteurs potentiels. Cependant, la masse molaire des inhibiteurs typiquement utilisés lors de criblages préliminaires (i.e. 500-1000 g/mol) est trop faible pour générer un signal SPR détectable. Afin de contrer cette lacune, ce mémoire a pour objet de développer un essai compétitif indirect qui mettra en jeu des molécules de masse supérieure. D’abord, une nanoparticule d'or portant un analogue de substrat se liera à la DHFR R67 immobilisée à la surface d’or, générant ainsi un signal SPR important en raison de la masse molaire élevée de la nanoparticule. Ensuite, lors du criblage d'inhibiteurs potentiels, les nanoparticules liées seront déplacées de l'enzyme cible si la molécule criblée fournit une affinité suffisante. Ainsi, il sera possible de suivre indirectement la liaison d'un inhibiteur à la cible. Ce projet vise donc à tester et à valider l'approche de criblage SPR appliquée à la DHFR R67.
The objective of the research project is to develop a method for inhibitor screening based on a portable Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) device, an emerging technology. The target is R67 dihydrofolate reductase (R67 DHFR), an enzyme that confers bacterial resistance to the antibiotic trimethoprim. Here, the target enzyme is linked to a thin gold surface having specific plasmonic (optical) properties that vary as a function of the mass of bound molecules. This allows monitoring binding to the surface-linked R67 DHFR, and thus permits identification of inhibitors. However, the mass of the low-affinity inhibitors typically identified in early stages of screening (i.e. 500-1000 g/mol) is too low to produce a significant SPR signal. To address this shortcoming, a competitive assay will be developed: a gold nanoparticle carrying a substrate analog will bind the surface-immobilized R67 DHFR, resulting in a strong SPR signal due to its high mass. Then, upon screening for potential inhibitors, the bound nanoparticle will be displaced from the target enzyme if a molecule provides sufficient affinity. By those means, it will be possible to indirectly monitor the binding of an inhibitor to the target. This goal of this project is to test and validate the SPR screening approach applied to R67 DHFR.
Gerard, Francine. "Caractérisations biophysiques et structurales du complexe de réplication des Rhabdoviridae." Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343710.
Повний текст джерелаL'analyse biophysique montre que P RV & VSV existent sous forme de dimère allongé en solution. L'analyse bioinformatique a révélé une organisation modulaire, confirmé par des études biochimiques et biophysiques de mutants de P RV. La structure du domaine C-terminal de P VSV a été résolue par RMN et montre une homologie celle du C-ter de P RV. La caractérisation de l'interaction entre P et les anneaux N-ARN a révélé l'existence de deux types de complexes N-ARN-P (contenant un et 2 dimères de P par anneau). L'étude par ME des complexes nucléocapsides-P a permis de mettre en évidence un changement de conformation important.
Pour devenir accessible à L, l'ARN viral doit se dissocier localement de N. L'interaction N-ARN-P représente potentiellement une nouvelle cible pour le développement d'antiviraux.
Khun, Kosal. "Contribution de l’imagerie dronique pour la caractérisation des paramètres biophysiques des cultures agricoles." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25246.
Повний текст джерелаThanks to information technologies and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), precision agriculture is refining the scale of observation and intervention, from the field to the individual plant. Remote sensing, in particular through satellite imagery, has also made it possible to monitor the crop dynamics, with increasing time frequency and spatial resolution. Crop vigor is a crucial parameter allowing the optimization of inputs, and consequently economic and environmental benefits. Several ways to estimate crop vigor are possible. For a row crop such as corn (Zea Mays L.), aboveground biomass has been favored and will serve as a proxy for vigor. Our study is based on the hypothesis that the recent advent of agricultural UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) will pave the way for a better estimation of crop vigor. We assume that the flexibility of the UAV combined with the very high spatial resolution of their images will allow a more accurate monitoring of crop vigor, both in space and time – conditions which are critical for the deployment of precision agriculture. Research over the past 15 years has relied on the UAV to collect images of very high spatial resolution. However, the processing of those images is mainly based on vegetation indices, especially the NDVI. Several questions arise from the above observations: – Is the use of NDVI the most efficient way to exploit the spatial resolution of UAV images? If not, is there a better way to exploit this imagery? – How to respond to time and logistical constraints in the image processing so that it is ultimately adopted by farmers? – Since UAV-borne sensors can be oriented quite freely, what are the effects of the acquisition angles on the results? First, we assessed the relevance of the traditional approach which uses the NDVI index to determine crop parameters. To do that, we compared the UAV platform with the GreenSeeker proximal sensor. The results showed that the UAV is less efficient than the GreenSeeker in estimating corn biomass. We thus moved away from the traditional approach and opted for a method extracting the apparent leaf area, through computer vision techniques applied to RGB images. This method took advantage of the very high spatial resolution offered by UAV images and produced a robust proxy for corn biomass, at the surface (per square meter) and row levels. We also found that the results were not affected by the acquisition angles of the images (nadir and oblique). Therefore, this research opens the perspective to UAV applications in precision agriculture, for the estimation of vigor and other fundamental parameters used in input optimization algorithms. It also offers the possibility to imagine non-UAV based platforms for the acquisition of very high resolution images in the context of fertilization.