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1
Bondarenko, G. A., I. A. Solovyova, and T. I. Trukhina. "Morphological features of capsules of trichinella larvae in wild animals of the amur region." International Journal of Veterinary Medicine, no. 1 (June 16, 2023): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.57.
Анотація:
The problem of trichinosis on the territory of the Far East has a pronounced natural focal character with the predominant circulation of the causative agent of trichinosis in wild animals. The main species circulating in the Amur Region is the capsule- forming species T. spiralis. The ability to form capsules is one of the biological features of Trichinella larvae and a necessary component of the process of their survival. The thickness of the walls of the capsule gradually increases while the larva and intracapsular muscle sarcoplasm with nuclei remain alive. At the same time, the morphological variability of Trichinella capsules under the influence of many ecological and biological factors was noted.The goal is to determine the morphological features of the capsules of Trichinella larvae in wild animals in the Amur region.We conducted studies of the muscle tissues of wild animals by the method of compressor trichinelloscopy and the method of digestion in artificial gastric juice, according to MUK 4.2.2747-10 "Methods of sanitary and parasitological examination of meat and meat products" to determine the presence of Trichinella larvae. To establish the morphological features, the length and width of the capsules, the thickness of the capsule wall from the sides and at the poles, and the thickness of the larva itself were determined using an eyepiece micrometer. The capsule shape index (V) was calculated as the ratio of the diameter to its length (V=D/L). The shape of capsules of Trichinella larvae in different species of wild animals was determined. The relationship between the morphological parameters of the capsule of the larvae of Trichinella has been established. Indicators of the thickness of the wall of the capsule from the sides and the thickness of the wall of the capsule at the poles can be used to determine the age of Trichinella larvae.
2
Ramli, Nur Amalina, Nurul Natasya Amira Kamaluddin, and Fatmawati Adam. "Mechanical, Structural and Physical Properties of Carrageenan-Gum Arabic Biocomposite Film for Hard Capsule Application." Solid State Phenomena 340 (December 23, 2022): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-c2wejl.
Анотація:
The hard capsule market growth is mainly driven by the demand for gelatin capsules made of animals. Plant-based hard capsules, such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose are currently in high demand for drug delivery, but the manufacturing process is costly with limited reagent supply. As an alternative, carrageenan from seaweed was used as a film-forming agent in this work. Carrageenan film possesses low mechanical strength, thus gum Arabic is incorporated to strengthen the biocomposite film. The films and hard capsules were produced with different concentrations of gum Arabic, ranging from 0 to 2.0 w/v%. The tensile strength and elongation at break were enhanced to 56.8 MPa and 23.7%, respectively. The highest capsule loop strength is 32.5 N, which was achieved at 1.2 w/v% of gum Arabic. All biocomposite films were kept at a moisture content of 13%, which is comparable to gelatin hard capsules. These results demonstrate that gum Arabic can strengthen the carrageenan biocomposite to be an alternative to gelatin hard capsules.
3
BALILASHAKI, Khosro, Roohangiz NADERI, Saikat GANTAIT, and Maryam VAHEDI. "Asymbiotic Germination of Phalaenopsis cv. ‘Dublin’ Seeds in Relation to Pollination Months and Nutrient Media." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 7, no. 3 (September 21, 2015): 330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb739574.
Анотація:
Orchids are one of the most popular flowers in the world and Phalaenopsis genus shares maximum sales in global floral industry among them. Successful pollination, followed by capsule formation and in vitro seed germination, is a powerful tool for mass propagation of orchids. In the present study, flowers of Phalaenopsis cv. ‘Dublin’ were self-pollinated artificially during the months of November, December, January, February, March and April. The influence of pollination month over capsule formation was assessed and it was observed that pollination during December resulted as maximum with 86% capsule formation, followed by 72% during January. However, only 40% successful capsule formation occurred following pollination during April. Seeds from mature capsules developed through artificial pollination in different months were cultured on three different culture media (modified Chen, ½Murashige Skoog and Vacin-Went medium) for in vitro germination. A maximum of 97% germination of seeds (collected from capsules developed through pollination in January) was recorded on modified Chen medium. Nevertheless, the earliest initiation of germination occurred around 12 days of culture when seeds were harvested from capsules (derived through pollination in December) and inoculated on modified Chen medium. The plantlets developed following germination were rooted on ½MS supplemented with 2.5 g/l activated charcoal. Subsequently, well-rooted plantlets were acclimatized on potting mixture that contained cocopeat, charcoal, industrial cartridge and the bites of yonolit (1:1:2:4; v/v) with a very high rate of success. A seed culture protocol that crops a bulk number of seedlings in a short time span is advantageous and the present report eventually provides such simple yet proficient method that can be further tested.
4
Pyar, Hassan, and Kok-Khiang Peh. "Enteric coating of granules containing the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus." Acta Pharmaceutica 64, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acph-2014-0011.
Анотація:
Abstract In the present study, a capsule formulation composed of enteric coated granules of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4962 was developed using Eudragit L30D-55 as enteric polymer. Optimization of the capsule formulation was achieved with a maximum viable cell count after 2 h of incubation in acid medium and disintegration time of 1 h in buffer pH 6.8. The amount of Eudragit L30D-55 in the capsules correlated with gastric juice resistance. The best protective qualities against artificial gastric juice were observed when capsules were prepared from granules composed of L. acidophilus, corn starch, lactose monohydrate, polyvinylpyrrolidone and coated with 12.5 % (m/V) of Eudragit L30D-55. Capsule formulation of L. acidophilus in edible broth medium suspension serves as a cheap alternative to the expensive freeze-drying procedure for preparing L. acidophilus. In addition, the enteric coating using Eudragit L30D-55 could protect probiotics from the acidic gastric environment and enhance the bioactivity of probiotics along with replacement of pathogenic microbes in human intestine
5
Sousa-Baena, Mariane S., and Nanuza L. De Menezes. "Comparative developmental anatomy of ovary and fruit in Brazilian Velloziaceae." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 191, no. 2 (August 27, 2019): 236–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boz040.
Анотація:
Abstract Morpho-anatomical studies of fruits are scarce in monocotyledons and particularly for the Brazilian species of Velloziaceae, a small family of monocots characteristic of the campo rupestre vegetation of Brazil. The main fruit types found in Velloziaceae are poricidal and loculicidal capsules, but capsule morphology is variable, which has led to discrepancies regarding fruit descriptions and terminology. In this study, we aimed to analyse fruit development in Brazilian Velloziaceae to obtain a better understanding of capsule dehiscence and to elucidate and describe in detail the fruit types occurring in the family. Based on our results, we discuss the terminology used to describe capsules of some species, e.g. capsules of Vellozia minima and V. epidendroides, previously classified as poricidal, should be called apical loculicidal, as they form three slits on the uppermost part of each carpel that are prevented from extending downwards by the precocious lignification of the pericarp. Capsules of Barbacenia purpurea, B. riparia and B. plantaginea have been classified using various terms, but they fit the definition of fissuricidal capsule and should be classified as such. We also propose an improved analysis for the character ‘fruit type’, previously used in phylogenetic reconstructions of Velloziaceae. We changed some states following the fruit reclassification proposed here and added a new state, ‘capsule opening through lateral irregular aperture’, to the character. Additionally, eight new phylogenetic characters derived from ovary and fruit characteristics are suggested.
6
Shchukin, V. M., N. E. Kuz’mina, O. A. Matveeva, Yu N. Shvetsova, and E. S. Zhigilei. "Determination of Elemental Impurities in Gelatine Capsules by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry." Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy 12, no. 2 (June 6, 2024): 230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2024-12-2-230-240.
Анотація:
INTRODUCTION. Gelatine capsules are an essential dosage form used for many medicinal products. Gelatine capsules are subject to quality control in accordance with the requirements of the general monograph on capsules of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation. This monograph does not standardise the content of elemental impurities, as these impurities are controlled at the raw material level. However, the equipment and excipients used in the production of gelatine capsule shells may be additional sources of impurities. Preliminary screening for chemical elements will help to assess the need for limiting elemental impurities in gelatine capsule shells.AIM. This study aimed to identify the chemical elements that contribute to gelatine capsule shell contamination the most by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, to list the elements requiring specification, and to limit their content from a risk-based pharmaceutical quality control perspective.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study used 18 samples of hard gelatine capsules by different national and international manufacturers. The elemental analysis was performed using an Agilent 7900 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (Agilent Technologies).RESULTS. The As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, and V content in gelatine capsule shells did not exceed the permitted daily exposure (PDE) thresholds for oral dosage forms specified in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation. Ag, Au, Cd, Hg, Ir, Os, Pd, Pt, Rh, Se, Sn, or Tl were not detected in any of the samples within the established detection limits. The Fe content in 67% of the tested shell samples was above the safety-based PDE for medical gelatine.CONCLUSIONS. The greatest contributors to gelatine capsule shell contamination are Al, Fe, and Zn. The lack of established PDE thresholds for these elements presents a challenge in assessing the risks of adverse effects associated with ingesting these elements with gelatine capsules.
7
Abd, Hadi, Amir Saeed, Andrej Weintraub, and Gunnar Sandström. "Vibrio cholerae O139 requires neither capsule nor LPS O side chain to grow inside Acanthamoeba castellanii." Journal of Medical Microbiology 58, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.004721-0.
Анотація:
Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, has the ability to grow and survive in the aquatic free-living amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii. The aim of the present study was to examine the ability of the clinical isolate V. cholerae O139 MO10 to grow in A. castellanii and to determine the effect of the bacterial capsule and LPS O side chain on intracellular growth. Results from co-cultivation, viable counts, a gentamicin assay, electron microscopy and statistical analysis showed that the association of V. cholerae O139 MO10 with A. castellanii did not inhibit growth of the amoeba, and enhanced growth and survival of V. cholerae O139 MO10 occurred. The wild-type V. cholerae O139 MO10 and a capsule mutant or capsule/LPS double mutant grew inside A. castellanii. Neither the capsule nor the LPS O side chain of V. cholerae O139 was found to play an important role in the interaction with A. castellanii, disclosing the ability of V. cholerae to multiply and survive inside A. castellanii, as well as the role of A. castellanii as an environmental host for V. cholerae.
8
Nebel, RL, R. Vishwanath, WH McMillan, and RG Saacke. "Microencapsulation of bovine spermatozoa for use in artificial insemination: a review." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 5, no. 6 (1993): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9930701.
Анотація:
A technique for microencapsulation of bovine spermatozoa has been developed with minimal spermatozoal injury and thus of potential use in artificial insemination. The polymers poly-l-lysine, polyvinylamine and protamine sulfate have proven best for membranes. Encapsulation has been successful with capsules ranging in size from 0.75 to 1.5 mm, and with sperm concentrations from 45 to 180 x 10(6) cells mL-1. Successful extenders include CUE, CAPROGEN, and egg yolk-citrate-glycerol (maximum 10% v/v egg yolk for normal capsular shape). Capsule fragility (ability to rupture under ageing and physical stress) is negatively related to membrane thickness which ranges from 1.92 to 5.32 microns (depending on the concentration of polymer used) and positively related to concentration of sperm encapsulated. Heterospermic studies have shown that encapsulated sperm are capable of fertilization in vivo, but are at a disadvantage to unencapsulated sperm when cows are inseminated at conventional times. Uterine retention of inseminates is favoured by capsules having a 'sticky' membrane. Using current procedures, preliminary homospermic fertility studies indicate that sperm encapsulated with poly-l-lysine or protamine sulfate may achieve normal fertility.
9
Negrini, D., C. Gonano, M. Del Fabbro, and G. Miserocchi. "Transperitoneal fluid dynamics in rabbit liver." Journal of Applied Physiology 69, no. 2 (August 1, 1990): 625–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.69.2.625.
Анотація:
The peritoneal cavity of 18 anesthetized spontaneously breathing supine rabbits was opened through a midline section. One or two hollow capsules (surface area 0.8 cm2) were glued to the exposed liver surface, filled with whole or 25% diluted plasma, and connected to a transducer and a graduated pipette. Various hydraulic pressures (Pcap) were set in the capsule; at each Pcap the liquid flow per unit surface area (V/S) between the Disse's interstitial space and the capsule was measured from the rate of liquid displacement in the pipette. The slope of the V/S vs. Pcap linear regression was utilized to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of the Glissonian-peritoneal membrane and averaged 5.1 x 10(-3) +/- 4.7 x 10(-3) (SD) ml.h-1.cmH2O-1.cm-2 (n = 25). Hydraulic pressure in the Disse's space (Pd) was measured by closing the capsule against the transducer disconnected from the pipette. At portal and hepatic venous pressures of 7.6 +/- 2.9 and 2.6 +/- 1 cmH2O, respectively, Pd was 2.05 +/- 2 cmH2O. Physiologically, Starling pressure gradients cause fluid transfer from the sinusoids to the Disse's space; transperitoneal fluid filtration only occurs through the liver surface that faces the diaphragm, which corresponds to one-fifth of the total hepatic surface.
10
Zuppardo, Amy B., and Ronald J. Siebeling. "An Epimerase Gene Essential for Capsule Synthesis in Vibrio vulnificus." Infection and Immunity 66, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 2601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.6.2601-2606.1998.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT The extracellular capsule polysaccharide (CPS) of Vibrio vulnificus is a primary virulence factor which allows survival of the bacteria in the human host. To study the genes involved in expression of the capsule, we generated mutants that lost the ability to produce CPS following the insertion of a minitransposon into the genome of an encapsulated, clinical strain of V. vulnificus. A genomic region, from one nonencapsulated mutant, containing the transposon and flanking V. vulnificus DNA was cloned, and a probe complementary to the chromosomal DNA immediately adjacent to the transposon was used to locate this fragment in the genome of the encapsulated parent strain. The fragment, which contained a putative capsule gene, was cloned and, when supplied intrans, complemented the mutation in the nonencapsulated mutant to restore capsule production. In addition, virulence studies, using the 50% lethal dose assay, showed that the restoration of capsule production also restored the virulence of the organism. Sequence analysis of the gene disrupted by the transposon revealed that it matched a nucleotide-sugar epimerase of Vibrio choleraeO139, with 75 and 85% identities at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. In addition, computer analysis recognized epimerases of various organisms as highly similar to the putative epimerase of V. vulnificus. Finally, a combination of PCR amplification and Southern blotting showed that this epimerase is common to at least 10 strains of V. vulnificus that each express a serologically distinct CPS. Our results indicate that the epimerase gene is essential for capsule expression in V. vulnificus.
11
Fuller, John C., Rick L. Sharp, Hector F. Angus, Paul Y. Khoo та John A. Rathmacher. "Comparison of availability and plasma clearance rates of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate delivery in the free acid and calcium salt forms". British Journal of Nutrition 114, № 9 (16 вересня 2015): 1403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515003050.
Анотація:
Abstractβ-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), a leucine metabolite, has long been supplemented as a Ca salt (Ca-HMB) to increase strength and performance gains with exercise and to reduce recovery time. Recently, the free acid form of HMB (HMB-FA) has become commercially available in capsule form (gelcap). The current study was conducted to compare the bioavailability of HMB using the two commercially available capsule forms of HMB-FA and Ca-HMB. We also compared the pharmacokinetics of each form when administered mixed in water. Ten human subjects (five male and five female) were studied in a randomised crossover design. There was no significant sex by treatment interaction for any of the pharmacokinetic parameters measured. HMB-FA administered in capsules was more efficient than Ca-HMB capsule at HMB delivery with a 37 % increase in plasma clearance rate (74·8 (sem 4·0) v. 54·5 (sem 3·2) ml/min, P<0·0001) and a 76 % increase in peak plasma HMB concentration (270·2 (sem 17·8) v. 153·9 (sem 17·9) μmol/l, P<0·006), which was reached in one-third the time (P<0·009). When HMB-FA and Ca-HMB were administered in water, the differences still favoured HMB-FA, albeit to a lesser degree. Plasma HMB with HMB-FA administered in water was greater during the early phase of absorption (up to 45 min postadministration, P<0·05); this resulted in increased AUC during the first 60 min after administration, when compared with Ca-HMB mixed in water (P<0·03). In conclusion, HMB-FA in capsule form improves clearance rate and availability of HMB compared with Ca-HMB in capsule form.
12
Smith, Amy B., and Ronald J. Siebeling. "Identification of Genetic Loci Required for Capsular Expression in Vibrio vulnificus." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 3 (March 2003): 1091–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.3.1091-1097.2003.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Transposon mutagenesis of an encapsulated, virulent strain of Vibrio vulnificus 1003(O) led to the identification of four genetic regions that are essential to capsular polysaccharide (CPS) expression and virulence. Of the four regions, three are believed to be part of a capsule gene locus comprised of biosynthesis, polymerization, and transport genes clustered on a single chromosomal fragment. Genes indicating a Wzy-dependent system of polymerization and transmembrane export are present, suggesting that the CPS of V. vulnificus is lipid linked. The fourth region, while it contains a gene essential for CPS expression, is characteristic of an integron-gene cassette region, similar to the super integron of V. cholerae. It is not believed to be part of a CPS gene locus and is located in a region of the chromosome separate from the putative CPS loci. It is comprised of open reading frames (ORFs) carrying genes of unknown function surrounded by direct repeats. This region also contains IS492, an insertion sequence located numerous times throughout a region of the genome, demonstrating a restriction fragment length polymorphism among an encapsulated and nonencapsulated morphotype of V. vulnificus. Collectively, 22 ORFs were recognized: 13 capsule synthesis genes, 4 insertion sequences, 1 truncated biosynthesis gene, and 4 genes of unknown function. This study has led to the identification of previously unrecognized genetic loci that may help to increase the understanding of capsular genetics and antigenic diversity among V. vulnificus strains.
13
Al-idee, T., H. Habbal, F. Karabet, and I. Alghoraibi. "Comparison Study between Cherry and Arabic Gums in Preparation and Characterization of Orange Peel Extract Nanocapsules." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (January 18, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7721983.
Анотація:
This study was aimed at determining the potential use of cherry gum (CG) and chitosan (CS) as wall materials, to encapsulate an orange peel extract (PE) via the ionic gelation method and compare its efficiency with that of Arabic gum (AG). Different ratios of chitosan to gum (1 : 1, 1 : 2, and 1 : 3, v / v ) and CS to PE (1 : 0.5, 1 : 1, and 1 : 1.5, v / v ) were studied to evaluate the nanocapsule properties. The results showed that the capsules entrapping the PE were successfully created with an encapsulation efficiency (EE %) of more than 80% via the ionic gelation method. The ratio of chitosan : gums and CS : PE was affecting both the encapsulation efficiency and capsule size. The capsules’ spherical shape and nanometer size were confirmed using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The relative ratios 1 : 1 of CS : CG and 1 : 0.5 of CS : PE gave the highest EE% (89.27%) with an average capsule size of 70 nm, whereas the maximum EE% with AG was 97.39% with a mean size of 50 nm at the CS : PE ratio of 1 : 0.5 and AG : CS ratio of 1 : 2. The release profile of PE from the CS-CG matrix during 240 min under acidic and alkaline conditions was about 94.45% and 98.53%, respectively, and that from the CS-AG matrix was about 25.54% and 19.49%, respectively. The FTIR spectra confirmed the electrostatic interactions between the protonated amino group of chitosan (-NH3+) and carboxylic ions (−COO−) of the gums. These findings indicated that the CS-CG could be used as an efficient and ecofriendly coating material for nanoencapsulation of PE.
14
Lonca, Nelly, Fabienne Maillard, Géraldine Leguelinel, Tahmer Sharkawi, and Ian Soulairol. "Validation of an HPLC Assay Method for Routine QC Testing and Stability Study of Compounded Low-Dose Capsules of Acetylsalicylic Acid." Pharmaceutical Technology in Hospital Pharmacy 3, no. 4 (November 27, 2018): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pthp-2018-0022.
Анотація:
Abstract Background The intolerance to Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA) can be detected by conducting oral provocation testing (OPT), which is to gradually introduce low doses of ASA. To perform this test, hospital pharmacies compound small batches of different low-dosage ASA capsules. This work aims to validate a method for fast HPLC-UV assay that allows routine quality control and physicochemical stability studies of capsules. Methods The chromatographic separation is performed using a C18 column Kinetex (100 A, 50×4.6 mm, 2.6 µm) equipped with a precolumn C18. Separation is achieved using a mobile phase composed of water-acetonitrile-orthophosphoric acid (68:32:0.2 v/v/v) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min and UV detection at 237 nm. Results Validation shows that the method was suitable for routine analysis and could be used to perform stability studies. Conclusions The 5, 25, 100 and 250 mg dosed capsules show acceptable stability over 12 months, while the 1 mg dosed capsule show an unacceptable degradation of more than 15 % after 3 months. Therefore, hospital pharmacy can plan the manufacture of capsules and anticipate the requests of doctors.
15
Pezzoli, A., N. Fusetti, V. Cifalà, L. Simone, A. Zelante, and S. Boccia. "V.01.8 CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY DIAGNOSIS OF INTESTINAL TAENIA." Digestive and Liver Disease 46 (March 2014): S49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1590-8658(14)60138-9.
16
Koshorek, Gail, Vartika Parashar, Thomas Roth, and Timothy Roehrs. "0462 Baseline Sleep Disturbance and Inability to Discontinue Chronic Hypnotic Use." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A204—A205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.459.
Анотація:
Abstract Introduction Clinicians prescribing hypnotics remain concerned regarding the inability to discontinue hypnotics after chronic use, which has never been directly tested in a controlled prospective study using self-administration choice methodology. This study reports on difficulty discontinuing medication as a function of basal sleep disturbance in insomnia subjects instructed to stop taking their study medication after 6 months of nightly use. Methods DSM-V diagnosed insomnia subjects, aged 23-61 yrs, (n=39, 34 females), with no other sleep disorders, unstable medical or psychiatric diseases or drug dependency completed the trial. Following a screening polysomnogram participants were randomized to zolpidem XR (12.5 mg), eszopiclone (3 mg), or placebo nightly for 6 months (blinded groups A: n=15, B: n=11, C: n=13). After 6 months, nightly use, over a 2-week choice period, they were instructed to discontinue hypnotic use, but if necessary, to self-administer either 1, 2, or 3 capsules of their assigned “blinded” medication (zolpidem XR 6.25 mg, 6.25 mg, placebo; eszopiclone 2 mg, 1 mg, placebo as capsules 1, 2 and 3 respectively; or 3 placebos). Results Over the 14 nights 20 subjects took zero (51%) capsules; among the 19 taking capsules the median number chosen was 3. Most took one capsule per night; 6 took > 1 capsules on a given night. Importantly 1 subject took every capsule (42) available. Overall, the number of capsules taken declined from week 1 to 2 (p< .005). Those with baseline PSG SE <81% did not reduce capsule choice from week 1 to 2 (p<.02). Group A choose more capsules than groups B and C (p<.01). Conclusion The majority (85%) of the participants discontinued 6-month nightly hypnotic use (i.e. took < 6 total capsules over the 14 discontinuation nights) and among those taking capsules the rate declined from week 1 to 2. Baseline SE <81% may help identify those with difficulty discontinuing. Support (If Any) NIDA, grant#: R01DA038177 awarded to Dr. Roehrs.
17
Ni'mah, Yatim Lailun, Wemma Devega, Ita Ulfin, and Harmami Harmami. "Synthesis of Capsule Film from Water-Soluble Chitosan by Adding Sodium Lauryl Sulfate." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 3 (January 31, 2020): 634–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.21582.
Анотація:
Mixtures comprising water-soluble chitosan (WSC), agar and different concentrations of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) were used to synthesize capsule films. The concentration of agar was fixed at 0.02 %, whereas the concentration (v/v) of SLS varied (0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 %). Shrimp shell waste was subjected to demineralization, deproteination and deacetylation to obtain chitosan. The chitosan thus obtained was depolymerized to produce water-soluble chitosan (WSC). Fourier-Transform infrared (FTIR) baseline method was used for calculating the degree of deacetylation of chitosan. FTIR spectra of the obtained capsule film exhibited vibrations of its constituent molecules, namely agar, chitosan and SLS. The elasticity of the film matrix increased with SLS concentrations. In swelling tests conducted using water and 0.1 N HCl, the highest swelling values, 123.74 and 235.87 %, respectively were observed in the capsule film containing 0.08 % SLS in the 10th min. The capsule film containing 0.08 % SLS was degraded (broken) in water and 0.1 N HCl in the 10th and 30th min, respectively. The results indicated that a capsule film containing 0.08% SLS was the most eligible film for commercial use.
18
Swapna, B., Srikanth Thippani, D. Padmaja, and S. Srinivas Nayak. "Genetic Diversity for Yield and Yield Contributing Characters in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 8 (June 15, 2023): 1717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i82124.
Анотація:
In the present investigation, At RARS, Jagtial, 68 genotypes, including three checks were evaluated for genetic diversity for selection of diverse parents. Divergence studies through D2 statistic indicated the presence of substantial diversity by forming large number of clusters with wide range of inter-cluster distance.The 68 genotypes were distributed into eight clusters based on the D2 values. Among the eight clusters, cluster I was the largest comprising of 30 genotypes followed by cluster II with 22 genotypes and Cluster III and V with six genotypes in each cluster remaining clusters IV, VI, VII, VIII were solitary. The data on character means for eight clusters indicated that, cluster III was having highest mean value for number of capsules per plant, capsule length, capsule width, number of seeds per capsule, seed yield per plant and 1000 seed weight. Cluster VIII for days to 50% flowering, plant height, days to maturity and number of branches per plant. The genotypes JCS 2611, JCS 2454, and JCS 3599 have a high cluster distance and might be employed directly used for adaptation or may be used as parents in future hybridization programme.
19
Roth, T., G. Koshorek, J. Verkler, and T. Roehrs. "0494 Ability to Discontinue Chronic Hypnotic Use: An Update." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.491.
Анотація:
Abstract Introduction Physicians prescribing hypnotics remain concerned regarding patient’s inability to discontinue hypnotics after chronic use. That concern has never been directly tested in a controlled prospective study using self-administration choice procedures. This is an update on results from an on-going “blinded” clinical trial in which insomnia subjects are instructed to stop taking their study medication after 6 months of nightly use. Methods DSM-V diagnosed insomnia subjects, aged 23-61 yrs, (n=31, 26 females), with disturbed sleep (i.e., polysomnographic sleep efficiency of ≤85%), no other sleep disorder, unstable medical or psychiatric diseases or drug dependency completed the trial. Participants were randomized to zolpidem XR (12.5 mg), eszopiclone (3 mg), or placebo nightly for 6 months (blinded groups A: n=11, B: n=9, C: n=11). After 6 months, nightly use, over a 2-week choice period, they were instructed to discontinue hypnotic use, but if necessary, to self-administer either 1, 2, or 3 capsules of their assigned medication (zolpidem XR 6.25 mg, 6.25 mg, placebo; eszopiclone 2 mg, 1 mg, placebo as capsules 1, 2 and 3 respectively; or 3 placebos). Results The number of capsules taken declined from week 1 to 2 (p< .001). Over the 2 weeks 15 participants took 0 (48%), 12 ≤ 6 (39%) and 4 ≥10 total capsules (1 each took 42, 19, 13, and 10). Among those taking capsules, most took one capsule per night and 6 took > 1 capsule. Those 4 taking ≥ 10 were younger (p<.05), but did not differ in screening sleep efficiency or blinded treatment group. Importantly 1 subject took every capsule available. Conclusion The majority (87%) of the participants discontinued 6-month nightly hypnotic use (i.e. took ≤ 6 total capsules) and among those taking capsules the rate declined from week 1 to 2. Age may help identify the few with difficulty discontinuing. Support NIDA, grant#: R01DA038177 awarded to Dr. Roehrs
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Rukundo, Olivier, Marius Pedersen, and Øistein Hovde. "Advanced Image Enhancement Method for Distant Vessels and Structures in Capsule Endoscopy." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9813165.
Анотація:
This paper proposes an advanced method for contrast enhancement of capsule endoscopic images, with the main objective to obtain sufficient information about the vessels and structures in more distant (or darker) parts of capsule endoscopic images. The proposed method (PM) combines two algorithms for the enhancement of darker and brighter areas of capsule endoscopic images, respectively. The half-unit weighted-bilinear algorithm (HWB) proposed in our previous work is used to enhance darker areas according to the darker map content of its HSV’s component V. Enhancement of brighter areas is achieved thanks to the novel threshold weighted-bilinear algorithm (TWB) developed to avoid overexposure and enlargement of specular highlight spots while preserving the hue, in such areas. The TWB performs enhancement operations following a gradual increment of the brightness of the brighter map content of its HSV’s component V. In other words, the TWB decreases its averaged weights as the intensity content of the component V increases. Extensive experimental demonstrations were conducted, and, based on evaluation of the reference and PM enhanced images, a gastroenterologist (Ø.H.) concluded that the PM enhanced images were the best ones based on the information about the vessels, contrast in the images, and the view or visibility of the structures in more distant parts of the capsule endoscopy images.
21
Joseph, Lavin A., and Anita C. Wright. "Expression of Vibrio vulnificus Capsular Polysaccharide Inhibits Biofilm Formation." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 3 (February 1, 2004): 889–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.3.889-893.2004.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Vibrio vulnificus is a human pathogen that produces lethal septicemia in susceptible persons, and the primary virulence factor for this organism is capsular polysaccharide (CPS). The role of the capsule in V. vulnificus biofilms was examined under a variety of conditions, by using either defined CPS mutants or spontaneous CPS expression phase variants derived from multiple strains. CPS expression was shown to inhibit attachment and biofilm formation, which contrasted with other studies describing polysaccharides as integral to biofilms in related species.
22
He, Hongjun, Xueting Zhang та Yan Sheng. "Enteric-coated capsule containing β-galactosidase-loaded polylactic acid nanocapsules: enzyme stability and milk lactose hydrolysis under simulated gastrointestinal conditions". Journal of Dairy Research 81, № 4 (29 вересня 2014): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029914000491.
Анотація:
In order to protect peroral β-galactosidase from being degraded and hydrolyse milk lactose efficiently in the environments of gastrointestinal tract, a double-capsule delivery system composed of enteric-coated capsule and polylactic acid (PLA) nanocapsules (NCs) was developed for encapsulation of β-galactosidase. β-galactosidase-loaded PLA NCs in the size range of 100–200 nm were prepared by a modified w1/o/w2technique. During the encapsulation process, dichloromethane/ethyl acetate (1 : 1, v/v) as the solvent composition, high-pressure homogenisation (150 bar, 3 min) as the second emulsification method and polyvinyl alcohol or Poloxamer 188 as a stabiliser in the inner phase could efficiently improve the activity retention of β-galactosidase (>90%). Subsequently, the prepared NCs were freeze-dried and filled in a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55)-coated capsule. In vitro results revealed that the HP55-coated capsule remained intact in the simulated gastric fluid and efficiently protected the nested β-galactosidase from acidic denaturation. Under the simulated intestinal condition, the enteric coating dissolved rapidly and released the β-galactosidase-loaded PLA NCs, which exhibited greater stability against enzymatic degradation and higher hydrolysis ratio (∼100%) towards milk lactose than the free β-galactosidase. These results suggest that this double-capsule delivery system represents promising candidate for efficient lactose hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract.
23
Todd, Joshua J., Emeir M. McSorley, L. Kirsty Pourshahidi, Sharon M. Madigan, Eamon Laird, Martin Healy, and Pamela J. Magee. "Vitamin D3supplementation in healthy adults: a comparison between capsule and oral spray solution as a method of delivery in a wintertime, randomised, open-label, cross-over study." British Journal of Nutrition 116, no. 8 (October 11, 2016): 1402–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516003470.
Анотація:
AbstractVitamin D is typically supplied in capsule form, both in trials and in clinical practice. However, little is known regarding the efficacy of vitamin D administered via oral sprays – a method that primarily bypasses the gastrointestinal absorption route. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of vitamin D3liquid capsules and oral spray solution in increasing wintertime total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations. In this randomised, open-label, cross-over trial, healthy adults (n22) received 3000 IU (75 µg) vitamin D3daily for 4 weeks in either capsule or oral spray form. Following a 10-week washout phase, participants received the opposite treatment for a final 4 weeks. Anthropometrics and fasted blood samples were obtained before and after supplementation, with samples analysed for total 25(OH)D, creatinine, intact parathyroid hormone and adjusted Ca concentrations. At baseline, vitamin D sufficiency (total 25(OH)D>50 nmol/l), insufficiency (31–49 nmol/l) and clinical deficiency (<30 nmol/l) were evident in 59, 23 and 18 % of the participants, respectively. Overall, baseline total mean 25(OH)D concentration averaged 59·76 (sd29·88) nmol/l, representing clinical sufficiency. ANCOVA revealed no significant difference in the mean and standard deviation change from baseline in total 25(OH)D concentrations between oral spray and capsule supplementation methods (26·15 (sd17·85)v. 30·38 (sd17·91) nmol/l, respectively;F=1·044, adjustedr20·493,P=0·313). Oral spray vitamin D3is an equally effective alternative to capsule supplementation in healthy adults.
24
Sasipriya, S., K. Parimala, M. Balram, and K. B. Eswari. "Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) for Yield and its Components." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 14, Mar, 3 (March 19, 2023): 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2022.3231a.
Анотація:
A field experiment was conducted to assess the diversity among sesame genotypes for yield and yield component traits during late kharif, 2017 (August-November) at Seed Research and Technology Centre, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India. Genetic diversity among the genotypes were estimated based on the data recorded for eight yield and yield attributing characters in 51 genotypes using Mahalanobis’s D2 statistics. The percent contribution of characters towards divergence showed that the character days to 50% flowering contributed maximum followed by seed yield plant-1, capsule length and number of seeds capsule-1. Selection of parents based on these traits would be useful to achieve a wide range of genetic variability in crop improvement programmes. The 51 genotypes were grouped into ten clusters and out of them, cluster I was the largest comprising of eighteen genotypes followed by cluster III with fifteen genotypes, cluster IV with seven genotypes, cluster II with five genotypes. The clusters viz., V, VI, VII, VIII, IX and X represented by single genotype indicating high degree of diversity among the genotypes. The maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster IX and cluster X (219.39) followed by cluster VII and cluster VIII (190.41). Among the ten clusters, the cluster X had highest mean value for capsule length, number of capsules plant-1, number of seeds capsule-1 and seed yield plant-1. The genotypes from these divergent clusters with favourable mean values for different traits could be used as parents in hybridization programme to get superior transgressive segregants.
25
Nemeti, Irina. "Seal Boxes from Potaissa." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Historia 65, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbhist.2020.1.07.
Анотація:
"Abstract: The publication of a previously unpublished seal box discovered in Potaissa supports the reopening of the “dossier” of such items found both in the fort of the V Macedonica Legion and the city. One current knows of 10 artifacts in this category. Together with the other known writing implements, seal boxes complete our current knowledge regarding the use of writing and implicitly literacy in provincial society. Key-words: seal box; writing; Potaissa. Rezumat: Publicarea unei capsule de sigiliu inedite descoperită la Potaissa, a permis reluarea „dosarului” acestui tip de obiecte provenite atât din castrul Legiunii V Macedonica cât şi din oraş. Se cunosc în prezent zece artefacte din această categorie, artefacte care împreună cu celelalte instrumente de scris cunoscute completează imaginea noastră despre folosirea scrierii şi implicit ştiinţa de carte în societatea provincială. Cuvinte cheie: capsulă de sigiliu; scriere; Potaissa. "
26
Dighade, N. R., S. P. Padmane, and A. V. Kasture. "A VALIDATED RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF PANTOPRAZOLE AND CINITAPRIDE IN A PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION." INDIAN DRUGS 51, no. 01 (January 28, 2014): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.51.01.p0027.
Анотація:
The study describes a validated stability indicating reverse- phase HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of pantoprazole and cinitapride in capsule formulation. The proposed RP-HPLC method utilizes an Eclipse XDB C18 Column (150 × 4.6 mm i.d., 5μm), optimum mobile phase consisting of 10 mM phosphate buffer: acetonitrile: THF in the ratio of 64:36:0.5 V/V (pH 3.5) V/V, effluent flow rate 1 mL/min and UV detection wavelength of 266 nm. The selected chromatographic conditions were found to effectively separate pantoprazole and cinitapride with retention time of 7.17 min and 3.56 min, respectively. Linearity for pantoprazole and cinitapride was found in the range of 2-30 μg/mL and 0.15- 2.28 μg/mL, respectively. The developed method was statistically validated for the linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, ruggedness and specificity. The proposed method was found to be simple, accurate, precise, economical and specific. Therefore, it can be used for simultaneous analysis of these drugs in capsule formulation.
27
Sugita, Purwantiningsih, Bambang Srijanto, Budi Arifin, and Ellin Vina Setyowati. "STABILITY OF KETOPROFEN COATED BY CHITOSAN-GUAR GUM GEL." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 9, no. 3 (June 24, 2010): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21504.
Анотація:
The coating stability of ketoprofen by chitosan-guar gum gel has been studied. Into 228.6 mL of 1.75% (w/v) chitosan solution in 1% (v/v) acetic acid, 38.1 mL of guar gum (gg) solution was added with concentration variation of 0.35, 0.55, and 0.75% (w/v) for ketoprofen microcapsules, and stirred with magnetic stirrer until homogenous. Afterwards, 7.62 mL of glutaraldehyde (glu) was added slowly under stirring, with concentrations varied: 3, 3.5, and 4% (v/v). All mixtures were shaked for 20 min for homogenization. Into each microcapsule mixture for ketoprofen, a solution of 2 g of ketoprofen in 250 mL of 96% ethanol was added. Every mixture was then added with 5 mL of 2% Tween-80 and stirred with magnetic stirrer for an hour at room temperature. Conversion of suspension into fine powders/granules (microcapsules) was done by using spray dryer. Every microcapsule formula was packed into capsules, as much as 100 g per capsule. The capsules were contained in 100-mL dark bottles and the bottles were kept in climatic chamber at (40 ± 2) °C and RH (75 ± 5) % for 3 months. The microcapsule stabilities were tested chemically and physically. The result showed that formulation of ketoprofen preparation composed of 1.75% (w/v) chitosan, 0.35% (w/v) gg, and 3.50% (v/v) glu, was relatively the best, with ketoprofen percentage left in microcapsule after 3 months, degradation rate constant, and shelf life of 80.33%, 0.0351 % week-1, and 18.92 months, respectively. Reaction kinetic model for this formula followed Prout-Tompkins equation and the degradation of ketoprofen was seem to follow autocatalytic reaction mechanism controlled by the formation and growth of reaction core. Keywords: Ketoprofen, chitosan-guar gum gel
28
Rizal, Rosiana, Salman Salman, and Eka Wulandari. "FORMULASI CANGKANG KAPSUL DARI PEKTIN KULIT BUAH NANGKA (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam) DAN UJI WAKTU HANCUR KAPSUL." Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Farmasyifa 6, no. 2 (August 9, 2023): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/jiff.v6i2.11933.
Анотація:
Capsule is capsule preparations which consisting of a drug in a soft capsule and hard capsule sell. Capsule is the preparations that most people used to discover the unpleasant taste of the drug. Most of capsule sell are made of gelatin, but it can also made with starch or other ingredients. The other ingredients which can substitute gelatin is pectin. Pectin is an ingredient belong to the class of carbohydrates. This study aim to find others alternative that can be used as new ingredients of capsule sell, which is jack fruit peels. Dissolved 20 mg jack fruit peels in 1000 ml of distilled water and, added 5% of citric acid. Then extracted on a hot plate with a stirring speed 600 rpm, temperature of 85ͦC, for 120 minutes. The yield obtained was 0.319%. The best formulations results were 2 (0.7 gram pectin, 5.00 gram carrageenan, 100ml disttiled water). The result of the evaluation of capsule sell standards with a body diameter of 6,2 mm, 6,3 mm, of a lid diameter, a body length of 15,2 mm, a lid length of 07.8 mm, and those that are unqualified with 0.09 gram of capsule weights. The organleptic results are light brown color, texture a little loud and there is no fragrance. The capsule sell disintegration should meet the requirements set by the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia V edition, is 13 minutes 47 seconds.Keywords: jackfruit skin (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam), pectin, capsule shell
29
Poole, C. A., S. Ayad, and R. T. Gilbert. "Chondrons from articular cartilage. V. Immunohistochemical evaluation of type VI collagen organisation in isolated chondrons by light, confocal and electron microscopy." Journal of Cell Science 103, no. 4 (December 1, 1992): 1101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.103.4.1101.
Анотація:
The pericellular microenvironment around articular cartilage chondrocytes must play a key role in regulating the interaction between the cell and its extracellular matrix. The potential contribution of type VI collagen to this interaction was investigated in this study using isolated canine tibial chondrons embedded in agarose monolayers. The immunohistochemical distribution of an anti-type VI collagen antibody was assessed in these preparations using fluorescence, peroxidase and gold particle probes in combination with light, confocal and transmission electron microscopy. Light and confocal microscopy both showed type VI collagen concentrated in the pericellular capsule and matrix around the chondrocyte with reduced staining in the tail region and the interconnecting segments between adjacent chondrons. Minimal staining was recorded in the territorial and interterritorial matrices. At higher resolution, type VI collagen appeared both as microfibrils and as amorphous deposits that accumulated at the junction of intersecting capsular fibres and microfibrils. Electron microscopy also showed type VI collagen anchored to the chondrocyte membrane at the articular pole of the pericellular capsule and tethered to the radial collagen network through the tail at the basal pole of the capsule. We suggest that type VI collagen plays a dual role in the maintenance of chondron integrity. First, it could bind to the radial collagen network and stabilise the collagens, proteoglycans and glycoproteins of the pericellular microenvironment. Secondly, specific cell surface receptors exist, which could mediate the interaction between the chondrocyte and type VI collagen, providing firm anchorage and signalling potentials between the pericellular matrix and the cell nucleus. In this way type VI collagen could provide a close functional interrelationship between the chondrocyte, its pericellular microenvironment and the load bearing extracellular matrix of adult articular cartilage.
30
PAL, AARATRIK, and MONORANJAN CHOWDHURY. "Torenia hookeri, a new combination in Asian Linderniaceae and first record of T. godefroyi in the Himalayan hotspot." Phytotaxa 549, no. 2 (June 8, 2022): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.549.2.8.
Анотація:
Recent phylogenetic revision distinguishes Torenia from Vandellia by hairy or glabrous ovary and poricidal or septicidal capsule not extending the length of calyx (vs glabrous ovary and septicidal capsule clearly exceeding the calyx). Our current study showed that Vandellia hookeri exhibits all the characteristics of Torenia, therefore we change the generic treatment of V. hookeri to Torenia. Torenia godefroyi is also recorded from Himalayan Hotspot for the first time.
31
Srinivasu, K., J. Venkateswara Rao, N. Appala Raju, and K. Mukkanti. "A Validated RP-HPLC Method for the Determination of Atazanavir in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form." E-Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 1 (2011): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/812879.
Анотація:
A validated RP HPLC method for the estimation of atazanavir in capsule dosage form on YMC ODS 150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μ column using mobile phase composition of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 2.5) with acetonitrile (55:45 v/v). Flow rate was maintained at 1.5 mL/min with 288 nm UV detection. The retention time obtained for atazanavir was at 4.7 min. The detector response was linear in the concentration range of 30 - 600 μg/mL. This method has been validated and shown to be specific, sensitive, precise, linear, accurate, rugged, robust and fast. Hence, this method can be applied for routine quality control of atazanavir in capsule dosage forms as well as in bulk drug.
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Polnaya, Febby Jeanry, Milian Tengker, and Vita Novalina Lawalata. "Pemanfaatan Pati Sagu pada Pembuatan Kapsul dengan Penambahan Gliserol." Jurnal Teknologi Hasil Pertanian 16, no. 1 (July 11, 2023): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jthp.v16i1.59502.
Анотація:
<p><em>The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of several concentrations of glycerol in the manufacture of capsules from sago starch phosphate. Edible film testing includes physical, mechanical, and barrier film properties, while capsule testing includes moisture content, disintegration time, and dissolution. The design used was a completely randomized design consisting of a non-factorial with three levels of glycerol concentration (15, 25, and 35%, v/v). Variables measured were thickness, transparency, tensile strength and elongation, water vapor transmission rate, moisture content, disintegration, and dissolution. The results showed that the glycerol affects the starch molecule’s bond thereby increasing the rate of thickness, elongation, water vapor transmission rate, moisture content, disintegration, and dissolution, even while can decreasing the tensile strength. The concentration of 15% glycerol showed the best results compared to other concentration treatments.</em></p>
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Doshi, Ashish S., Sushil S. Bhagwan, Tushar N. Mehta, Vinod K. Gupta, and Gunta Subaaiah. "Determination of Nebivolol and Valsartan in a Fixed-Dose Combination by Liquid Chromatography." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 91, no. 2 (March 1, 2008): 292–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/91.2.292.
Анотація:
Abstract An accurate and reproducible liquid chromatographic assay method was developed and validated for the determination of nebivolol and valsartan in a capsule formulation. Bufferacetonitrile (55 + 45, v/v) was used for reversed-phase liquid chromatography to determine the contents of nebivolol and valsartan in the combination-capsule dosage form. The method was validated by determining parameters such as specificity, linearity, limits of detection and quantitation, precision, accuracy, and robustness. The method was found to be specific against placebo interference. Linearity was evaluated over the concentration ranges of 28 g/mL for nebivolol and 32128 g/mL for valsartan (the correlation coefficient was 0.9999 for both nebivolol and valsartan). Both the intraday and interday precision values of the system and the method were determined. The accuracy of the method ranged from 100.66 to 102.58 for nebivolol and from 101.17 to 101.85 for valsartan. The proposed method was found to be robust when slight but deliberate changes were made in the analytical conditions. The developed method was found suitable for the assay determination of nebivolol and valsartan in a capsule formulation.
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Negrini, D., M. I. Townsley, and A. E. Taylor. "Hydraulic conductivity of canine parietal pleura in vivo." Journal of Applied Physiology 69, no. 2 (August 1, 1990): 438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.69.2.438.
Анотація:
The hydraulic conductivity (Lp) of the parietal pleura was measured in vivo in spontaneously breathing anesthetized dogs in either the supine (n = 8) or the prone (n = 7) position and in an excised portion of the chest wall in which the pleura and its adjacent tissue were intact (n = 3). A capsule was glued to the exposed parietal pleura after the intercostal muscles were removed. The capsule was filled with either autologous plasma or isotonic saline. Transpleural fluid flow (V) was measured at several transpleural hydrostatic pressures (delta P) from the rate of meniscus movement within a graduated pipette connected to the capsule. Delta P was defined as the measured difference between capsule and pleural liquid pressures. The Lp of the parietal pleura was calculated from the slope of the line relating V to delta P by use of linear regression analysis. Lp in vivo averaged 1.36 X 10(-3) +/- 0.45 X 10(-3) (SD) ml.h-1.cmH2O-1.cm-2, regardless of whether the capsule was filled with plasma or saline and irrespective of body position. This value was not significantly different from that measured in the excised chest wall preparation (1.43 X 10(-3) +/- 1.1 X 10(-3) ml.h-1.cmH2O-1.cm-2). The parietal pleura offers little resistance to transpleural protein movement, because there was no observed difference between plasma and saline. We conclude that because the Lp for intact parietal pleura and extrapleural interstitium is approximately 100 times smaller than that previously measured in isolated stripped pleural preparations, removal of parietal pleural results in a damaged preparation.
35
Wang, Yan-Hong, Cristina Avonto, Bharathi Avula, Mei Wang, Diego Rua та Ikhlas A. Khan. "Quantitative Determination of α-Arbutin, β-Arbutin, Kojic Acid, Nicotinamide, Hydroquinone, Resorcinol, 4-Methoxyphenol, 4-Ethoxyphenol, and Ascorbic Acid from Skin Whitening Products by HPLC-UV". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 98, № 1 (1 січня 2015): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.14-123.
Анотація:
Abstract An HPLC-UV method was developed for the quantitative analysis of nine skin whitening agents in a single injection. These compounds are α-arbutin, β-arbutin, kojic acid, nicotinamide, resorcinol, ascorbic acid, hydroquinone, 4-methoxyphenol, and 4-ethoxyphenol. The separation was achieved on a reversed-phase C18 column within 30 min. The mobile phase was composed of water and methanol, both containing 0.1% acetic acid (v/v). The stability of the analytes was evaluated at different pH values between 2.3 and 7.6, and the extraction procedurewas validated for different types of skin whitening product matrixes, which included two creams, a soap bar, and a capsule. The best solvent system for sample preparation was 20 mM NaH2PO4 containing 10% methanol at pH 2.3. The analytica method was validated for accuracy, precision, LOD, and LOQ. The developed HPLC-UV method was applied forthe quantitation of the nine analytes in 59 skin whitening products including creams, lotions, sera, foams, gels, mask sheets, soap bars, tablets, and capsules.
36
Geng, Fang, Fashan Wang, Taobo Zou, Kuiyuan Zhu, Wei Ma, Guanghui Tan, and Ning Zhang. "Rapid Identification of the Multiple Absorbed Bioactive Components and Metabolites in Rat Serum after Oral Administration of Wu-Jia Sheng-Hua Capsule by UPLC-ESI-MS." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/318961.
Анотація:
To identify the compounds absorbed in rat serum after the oral administration of Wu-Jia Sheng-Hua (WJSH) capsule, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound prescription, an ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-MS) method, was established. The chromatographic separation of the absorbed compounds and metabolites was achieved with an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.7 μm) under a gradient elution. The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and water buffered with ammonium acetate (10 mM) and formic acid (0.1%, V/V). Twelve absorbed compounds and four metabolites were found. Seven of the absorbed compounds were identified by ESI-MS. The identification of absorbed compounds might be helpful for the better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pharmacological effects of WJSH capsule.
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Berthold, Daniel P., Lukas N. Muench, Felix Dyrna, Bastian Scheiderer, Elifho Obopilwe, Mark P. Cote, Michael R. Krifter, et al. "Comparison of Different Fixation Techniques of the Long Head of the Biceps Tendon in Superior Capsule Reconstruction for Irreparable Posterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears: A Dynamic Biomechanical Evaluation." American Journal of Sports Medicine 49, no. 2 (January 4, 2021): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546520981559.
Анотація:
Background: In the past decade, superior capsular reconstruction has emerged as a potential surgical approach in young patients with irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears (RCT) and absence of severe degenerative changes. Recently, the use of locally available and biological viable autografts, such as the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) for SCR has emerged, with promising early results. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of using the LHBT for reconstruction of the superior capsule on shoulder kinematics, along with different fixation constructs in a dynamic biomechanical model. The authors hypothesized that each of the 3 proposed fixation techniques would restore native joint kinematics, including glenohumeral superior translation (ghST), maximum abduction angle (MAA), maximum cumulative deltoid force (cDF), and subacromial peak contact pressure (sCP). Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders (mean age, 53.4 ± 14.2 years) were tested using a dynamic shoulder simulator. Each specimen underwent the following 5 conditions: (1) intact, (2) irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tear (psRCT), (3) V-shaped LHBT reconstruction, (4) box-shaped LHBT reconstruction, and (5) single-stranded LHBT reconstruction. MAA, ghST, cDF and sCP were assessed in each tested condition. Results: Each of the 3 LHBT techniques for reconstruction of the superior capsule significantly increased MAA while significantly decreasing ghST and cDF compared with the psRCT ( P < .001 and P < .001, respectively). Additionally, the V-shaped and box-shaped techniques significantly decreased sCP ( P = .009 and P = .016, respectively) compared with the psRCT. The V-shaped technique further showed a significantly increased MAA ( P < .001, respectively) and decreased cDF ( P = .042 and P = .039, respectively) when compared with the box-shaped and single-stranded techniques, as well as a significantly decreased ghST ( P = .027) when compared with the box-shaped technique. Conclusion: In a dynamic biomechanical cadaveric model, using the LHBT for reconstruction of the superior capsule improved shoulder function by preventing superior humeral migration, decreasing deltoid forces and sCP. As such, the development of rotator cuff tear arthropathy in patients with irreparable psRCTs could potentially be delayed. Clinical Relevance: Using a biologically viable and locally available LHBT autograft is a cost-effective, potentially time-saving, and technically feasible alternative for reconstruction of the superior capsule, which may result in favorable outcomes in irreparable psRCTs. Moreover, each of the 3 techniques restored native shoulder biomechanics, which may help improve shoulder function by preventing superior humeral head migration and the development of rotator cuff tear arthropathy in young patients with irreparable rotator cuff tears.
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Haq, Nazrul, Faiyaz Shakeel, Mohammed M. Ghoneim, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq, Prawez Alam, Fahad Obaid Aloatibi, and Sultan Alshehri. "Determination of Pterostilbene in Pharmaceutical Products Using a New HPLC Method and Its Application to Solubility and Stability Samples." Separations 10, no. 3 (March 7, 2023): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations10030178.
Анотація:
The quantification of a natural bioactive compound, pterostilbene (PTT), in commercial capsule dosage form, solubility, and stability samples was carried out using a rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) approach. PTT was quantified on a Nucleodur (150 mm × 4.6 mm) RP C18 column with a particle size of 5 µm. Acetonitrile and water (90:10 v/v) made up the mobile phase, which was pumped at a flow speed of 1.0 mL/min. At a wavelength of 254 nm, PTT was detected. The developed HPLC approach was linear in 1–75 µg/g range, with a determination coefficient of 0.9995. The developed HPLC approach for PTT estimation was also rapid (Rt = 2.54 min), accurate (%recoveries = 98.10–101.93), precise (%CV = 0.59–1.25), and sensitive (LOD = 2.65 ng/g and LOQ = 7.95 ng/g). The applicability of developed HPLC approach was revealed by determining PTT in commercial capsule dosage form, solubility, and stability samples. The % assay of PTT in marketed capsules was determined to be 99.31%. The solubility of PTT in five different green solvents, including water, propylene glycol, ethanol, polyethylene glycol-400, and Carbitol was found to be 0.0180 mg/g, 1127 mg/g, 710.0 mg/g, 340.0 mg/g, and 571.0 mg/g, respectively. In addition, the precision and accuracy of stability samples were within the acceptable limit, hence PTT was found to be stable in solution. These results suggested that PTT in commercial products, solubility, and stability samples may be routinely determined using the established HPLC method.
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Patel, Bhavesh H., Bhanubhai N. Suhagia, Madhabhai M. Patel, and Jignesh R. Patel. "Simultaneous Estimation of Pantoprazole and Domperidone in Pure Powder and a Pharmaceutical Formulation by High-Perfomance Liquid Chromatography and High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Methods." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 90, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/90.1.142.
Анотація:
Abstract This paper describes validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) methods for the simultaneous estimation of pantoprazole (PANT) and domperidone (DOM) in pure powder and capsule formulations. The HPLC separation was achieved on a Phenomenex C18 column (250 mm id, 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using 0.01 M, 6.5 pH ammonium acetate buffer-methanol-acetonitrile (30 + 40 + 30, v/v/v, pH 7.20) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min at ambient temperature. The HPTLC separation was achieved on an aluminum-backed layer of silica gel 60F254 using ethyl acetatemethanol (60 + 40, v/v) as the mobile phase. Quantification was achieved with ultraviolet (UV) detection at 287 nm over the concentration range 400-4000 and 300-3000 ng/mL with mean recovery of 99.35 ± 0.80 and 99.08 ± 0.57% for PANT and DOM, respectively (HPLC method). Quantification was achieved with UV detection at 287 nm over the concentration range 80-240 and 60-180 ng/spot with mean recovery of 98.40 ± 0.67 and 98.75 ± 0.71% for PANT and DOM, respectively (HPTLC method). These methods are simple, precise, and sensitive, and they are applicable for the simultaneous determination of PANT and DOM in pure powder and capsule formulations.
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Lamari, Faouzi, Sadok Khouadja, and Sami Rtimi. "Interaction of Vibrio to Biotic and Abiotic Surfaces: Relationship between Hydrophobicity, Cell Adherence, Biofilm Production, and Cytotoxic Activity." Surfaces 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2018): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/surfaces1010014.
Анотація:
Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus are important pathogenic agents for both humans and aquatic animals. Twenty-five bacterial strains were isolated from infected sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) on thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS) agar plates. For the species-specific detection of V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus, a multiplex PCR assay using two collagenase-targeted primer pairs allows the detection of four strains of V. parahaemolyticus and three strains of V. alginolyticus. The seven identified isolates were partitioned for capsule production, hydrophobicity, adherence, biofilm formation, invasion, and cytotoxicity against Hep-2 cells. Two V. parahaemolyticus (Spa2 and Spa3) and one V. alginolyticus (Va01) were capsule producers developing almost black colonies on CRA, they showed a strong hydrophobicity using bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbons test (BATH), and were able to produce high biofilm. Isolates were able to adhere and invade Hep-2 cells and exhibited dissimilar levels of cytotoxicity in epithelial cells. This study shows the strong relationship between adhesion, biofilm formation, invasion and the cytotoxicity of Vibrio strains. Thus, we found a strong and significant positive correlation between different virulence properties of these isolates. The present study shows that bacterial contact with the cells as well as adhesion and invasion are essential steps to induce cytotoxicity. However, the invasion is seen to be a post adherence event.
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Blakiewicz, G., J. Jakusz, W. Jendernalik, and S. Szczepański. "Automatic tuning of a resonant circuit in wireless power supply systems for biomedical sensors." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 64, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 641–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2016-0072.
Анотація:
Abstract In this paper, a tuning method of a resonant circuit suited for wireless powering of miniature endoscopic capsules is presented and discussed. The method allows for an automatic tuning of the resonant frequency and matching impedance of a full wave rectifier loading the resonant circuit. Thereby, the receiver tunes so as to obtain the highest power efficiency under given conditions of transmission. A prototype receiver for wireless power reception, fabricated in in AMS CMOS 0.35 μm technology, was used to verify correct operation of the proposed tuning. The prototype system produces a stable supply voltage, adjustable in the range of 1.2–1.8 V at a maximum output current of 100–67 mA, which is sufficient to power a typical endoscopic capsule.
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Kulkarni, Manasi B., Anagha M. Joshi та Rohini V. Patil. "A NOVEL HPTLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF CO-ENZYME Q10 AND α-TOCOPHEROL IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION". International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, № 10 (1 жовтня 2018): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i10.28828.
Анотація:
Objective: HPTLC Method for Simultaneous quantification of co-enzyme Q10 and α-tocopherol in bulk and capsule dosage form was developed and validated as per International Conference on Harmonization [(ICH) Q2 (R1)] guideline.Methods: The chromatograms were developed using a mobile phase of Toluene: ethyl acetate: chloroform (10:1:2 v/v/v) on Pre-coated silica 60F 254 plates and quantified by densitometric absorbance mode at 280 nm.Results: The Rf values were 0.77 and 0.87 for co-enzyme Q10 and α-tocopherol, respectively. The linearity of the method was found to be in the concentration range of 0.6µg-1.8 µg/band for α-tocopherol and 2 µg-6 µg/band for co-enzyme Q10. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.3154 and 0.9559 µg/band for α-tocopherol and 3.441 and 10.42 µg/band for co-enzyme Q10.Conclusion: Developed densitometric method was found to be robust, precise, accurate, and rapid and can be used to analyse fixed-dose capsule samples of co-enzyme Q10 and α-tocopherol.
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Jiang, Zhenyu, Boning Deng, Yaqi Zhang, Ye Li, Zhijun Yu, Haiying Deng, and Yajun Chen. "Efficacy and safety of seven Chinese patent medicines combined with conventional triple/quadruple therapy forHelicobacter pylori-positive peptic ulcers: a systematic review and network meta-analysis." BMJ Open 14, no. 4 (April 2024): e074188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074188.
Анотація:
ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy and safety of seven Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) combined with conventional triple/quadruple therapy (T/Q) forHelicobacter pylori-positive peptic ulcers.DesignA systematic review and network meta-analysis.Data sourcesChina National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP database, Wanfang database, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and PubMed were searched through 1 June 2022.Eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) testing CPMs combined with T/Q forH. pylori-positive peptic ulcers were included. The CPMs included Anweiyang capsule, Jianweiyuyang tablets/capsule/granule, Jinghuaweikang capsule, Kangfuxin liquid, Puyuanhewei capsule, Weifuchun tablets/capsule and Weisu granule. At least one of the following outcome indicators was recorded: complete ulcer healing rate (CUHR), effective rate (ER),H. pylorieradication rate (HPER), rate of peptic ulcer recurrence (RPUR) and incidence of adverse reactions (IAR).Data extraction and synthesisTwo researchers independently conducted the study selection and extracted data for included studies. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. A pairwise meta-analysis was performed using RevMan V.5.3. Network meta-analysis was performed using STATA/MP V.15.0. Confidence in the evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation.ResultsA total of 36 RCTs involving 3620 patients were included. Compared with T/Q alone, Weisu+T/Q, Weifuchun+T/Q and Puyuanhewei+T/Q had the highest CUHR, ER andHPER, respectively. Weisu+T/Q and Jianweiyuyang+T/Q had the lowest RPUR and IAR, respectively. The cluster analysis results showed Jianweiyuyang+T/Q might be the best choice concerning efficacy and safety simultaneously, followed by Kangfuxin+T/Q.ConclusionAmong the combination therapies with the CPMs, Jianweiyuyang+T/Q might be the most favourable option forH. pylori-positive peptic ulcers, followed by Kangfuxin+T/Q. Considering the limited quantity and quality of the included RCTs, the results should be interpreted with caution.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022327687.
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Sargent, P. S., J. F. Hamel, and A. Mercier. "The life history and feeding ecology of velvet shell, Velutina velutina (Gastropoda: Velutinidae), a specialist predator of ascidians." Canadian Journal of Zoology 97, no. 12 (December 2019): 1164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0327.
Анотація:
Velvet shell, Velutina velutina (Müller, 1776), is a specialist predator of ascidians, like other members of the gastropod family Velutinidae. Globally, invasive ascidians have become problematic, ecologically and economically, yet ecological knowledge of velutinids remains limited. This study outlines the life history and feeding ecology of V. velutina in eastern Canada based on laboratory work complemented by field observations. The life history of V. velutina is closely linked with ascidians, which serve as prey and protection for their egg capsules. Egg capsules were embedded within tunics of Aplidium glabrum (Verrill, 1871) and Ascidia callosa Stimpson, 1852, with a preference for the latter. Seasonal behavioural shifts were consistent annually and corresponded with seawater temperature cycles. Feeding dominated during the coldest months (January–May), growth occurred as water temperature increased to the annual maximum (June and July), transitioning to mating during the warmest period (July–August), and egg capsule deposition dominated as water temperature declined (November–January). Larvae hatched between January and July after 2–4 months of development. Velutina velutina preyed on all ascidian species presented during this study, including golden star tunicate, Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766), and vase tunicate, Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767), two non-indigenous species, although solitary species were preferred.
45
Singh, Kirti, Rajani Bisen, Shruti Paliwal, Charu Jamnotia, and Rahul Kumbhare. "Study of Genetic Divergence Analysis in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 11 (November 27, 2023): 3815–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113561.
Анотація:
Aim: To determine the extent of genetic divergence (D2 statistics) present in sesame genotypes for different traits.
Study Design: The experiment was conducted in Augmented Block Design (ABD).
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was laid out in kharif 2020 at BSP (Groundnut) Research Farm, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.).
Methodology: Total 160 sesame genotypes and 5 checks viz., RT346, PBTil2, GT10, TMV-7 and VRI-1 were used for diversity analysis for twelve quantitative traits for selection of diverse parents. The 165 genotypes were grouped into eight clusters based on the Mahalanobis D2 values following Tocher’s methods.
Results: Maximum inter cluster distance (63.235) was exhibited between cluster III and cluster VIII and intra cluster distance (28.509) was in cluster VII. The lowest inter cluster divergence (15.881) was noticed between cluster III and V indicating that the genotypes included in them were closely related. Relative contribution of different characters to total divergence was assessed through comparison of actual D2 values for individual characters over all possible combinations. Cluster III had highest mean value for plant height (126.609), days to flower initiation (34.308), days to 50% flowering (37.462), and oil content (44.715). Cluster VII reported to be days to maturity (91.750), number of primary branches per plant (3.833) and number of secondary branches per plant (2.625) and in cluster V had capsule length (2.651). cluster VI reported for number of capsules per plant (59.484) and seed yield per plant (9.168), number of seeds per capsule (58.533) and thousand seed weight (2.848). It was revealed that number of primary branches per plant (11.32%) followed by oil content (11.06%) and number of capsules per plant (11.05%) contributed maximum to total divergence and minimum contributed by days to flower initiation (3.49%).
Conclusion: So, it is expected that crosses between genotypes of cluster III with genotypes of cluster VIII will give rise to high yielding sergeants as high inter cluster distance and those clusters has recorded good mean values can be preferred in selecting germplasm lines for respective traits.
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Schalch, Tânia Oppido, Ana Luiza Cabrera Martimbianco, Marcela Leticia Leal Gonçalves, Lara Jansiski Motta, Elaine Marcilio Santos, Rebeca Boltes Cecatto, Sandra Kalil Bussadori, and Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini Horliana. "Interventions for Early-Stage Pericoronitis: Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials." Antibiotics 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2022): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11010071.
Анотація:
Background: To investigate the efficacy and safety of interventions for early stage pericoronitis. Methods: We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in databases from inception to July 2020, without language restriction. RCTs assessing adolescents and adults were included. Results: Seven RCT with clinical diversity were included, so, it was not possible to conduct meta-analyses. Individual study data showed an improvement in oral health quality of life in favor of topical benzydamine versus diclofenac capsule (Mean difference (MD) −1.10, 95% Confidence interval (CI) −1.85 to −0.35), and no difference between topical benzydamine and flurbiprofen capsule (MD −0.55 95% CI −1.18 to 0.0). There was no difference between diclofenac and flurbiprofen capsules (MD 0.55, 95% CI −0.29 to 1.39). An imprecise estimate of effects was found for all outcomes, considering (i) oral versus topic pharmacological treatment, (ii) different oral pharmacological treatments, (iii) pharmacological treatment associated with laser versus placebo laser, (iv) pharmacological treatment associated with different mouthwashes, and (v) conventional treatment associated to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy versus conventional treatment, with low to very low certainty of evidence. Conclusions: Until future well-designed studies can be conducted, the clinical decision for early stage pericoronitis should be guided by individual characteristics, settings and financial aspects.
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Stonehouse, Welma, Melanie R. Pauga, Rozanne Kruger, Christine D. Thomson, Marie Wong, and Marlena C. Kruger. "Consumption of salmonv.salmon oil capsules: effects onn-3 PUFA and selenium status." British Journal of Nutrition 106, no. 8 (May 18, 2011): 1231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711451100153x.
Анотація:
Salmon provides long-chain (LC)n-3 PUFA and Se, which are well recognised for their health benefits. Then-3 and Se status of the New Zealand population is marginal. The objective of the present study was to compare the effects of consuming salmonv.supplementation with salmon oil on LCn-3 and Se status. Healthy volunteers (n44) were randomly assigned to one of four groups consuming 2 × 120 g servings of salmon/week or 2, 4 or 6 salmon oil capsules/d for 8 weeks. Linear regression analysis predictive models were fitted to the capsule data to predict changes in erythrocyte LCn-3 levels with intakes of LCn-3 from capsules in amounts equivalent to that consumed from salmon. Changes in Se status (plasma Se and whole-blood glutathione peroxidase) were compared between the groups consuming salmon and capsules (three groups combined). Salmon, 2, 4 and 6 capsules provided 0·82, 0·24, 0·47 and 0·69 g/d of LCn-3 fatty acids. Salmon provided 7 μg/d and capsules < 0·02 μg/d of Se. The predictive model (r20·31,P = 0·001) showed that increases in erythrocyte LCn-3 levels were similar when intakes of 0·82 g/d LCn-3 from salmon or capsules (1·92 (95 % CI 1·35, 2·49)v.2·32 (95 % 1·76, 2·88) %) were consumed. Plasma Se increased significantly more with salmon than with capsules (12·2 (95 % CI 6·18, 18·12)v.1·57 (95 % CI − 2·32, 5·45) μg/l,P = 0·01). LCn-3 status was similarly improved with consumption of salmon and capsules, while consuming salmon had the added benefit of increasing Se status. This is of particular relevance to the New Zealand population that has marginal LCn-3 and Se status.
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Roehrs, T., G. Koshorek, J. Verkler, and T. Roth. "0492 Sleep and Hyperarousal: Inability to Discontinue Chronic Hypnotic Use." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A188—A189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.489.
Анотація:
Abstract Introduction Inability to discontinue chronic hypnotic use by people with insomnia remains a clinical concern. Sleep and hyperarousal was examined in an on-going “blinded” clinical trial in which people with insomnia are instructed to discontinue their study medication after 6 months of nightly use. Methods DSM-V diagnosed people with insomnia (n=31, 26 females), aged 23-61 yrs, with a polysomnographic sleep efficiency (SE) of ≤85% on a 8-hr polysomnogram, no other sleep disorders, unstable medical or psychiatric diseases or drug dependency have completed the clinical trial. Participants were randomized to zolpidem XR (12.5 mg), eszopiclone (3 mg) or placebo nightly for 6 months (blinded groups A: n=11, B: n=9, C: n=11). After 6 months, over a 2-week choice period, they were given the instruction to discontinue their nightly hypnotic use with an opportunity, if necessary, to self-administer either 1, 2, or 3 capsules of their assigned medication (zolpidem XR 6.25 mg as capsule 1, 6.25 mg as capsule 2, placebo as capsule 3; eszopiclone 2 mg, 1 mg, and placebo as capsules 1, 2 and 3 respectively; or 3 placebos. Results Fifteen subjects stopped taking study medication when told to discontinue. The other 16 subjects who took study medication (users) had longer MSLT (a measure of hyperarousal) sleep latency (16.2 vs 8.3 min) than non-users (p<.001) at baseline. At baseline users and non-users had similarly disturbed nocturnal sleep: SE 73.4 vs 73.9 %, with sleep latencies of 54 vs 40 min and wake time after sleep onset of 90 vs 104 min. Conclusion Hyperarousal, defined by MSLT and high diurnal urinary cortisol levels, has been found in some people with insomnia. High MSLTs were previously associated with dose escalation in a chronic zolpidem use study. These emerging data would suggest high MSLT may also be predictive of difficulty discontinuing hypnotic use. Support NIDA, grant#: R01DA038177 awarded to Dr. Roehrs
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Bernardi, Raquel M., Pedro E. Fröehlich, and Ana M. Bergold. "Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating Liquid Chromatography Method for the Determination of Dabigatran Etexilate in Capsules." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 96, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.11-464.
Анотація:
Abstract An RP-LC method was developed and validated for the determination of dabigatran etexilate in a capsule formulation. The LC method was carried out on a Zorbax C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm id). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and a solution of triethylamine 0.1%, pH 6.0 adjusted with phosphoric acid (65 + 35, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The diode array detector was set at 225 nm. The chromatographic separation was obtained with retention time of 6.31 min, and linearity was in the range of 10–70 μg/mL (R2 = 0.9991). The specificity and stability-indicating capability of the method was proven through degradation studies and showing that there was no interference from the excipients. The accuracy was 100.23%, with an RSD of 1.34%. The LOD and LOQ were 0.04 and 10 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, method validation demonstrated acceptable results for robustness and a system suitability test. The proposed method was applied for the analysis of the capsules to ensure their therapeutic efficacy.
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Sanchez, M., F. Andrés-Trelles, and A. Hidalgo. "Effects of vanadate in testicular capsule of the rat." General Pharmacology: The Vascular System 22, no. 3 (January 1991): 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-3623(91)90013-v.