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1

Souza, Felipe Alexandre Silva de. "O desenvolvimento do capitalismo e a formação da cultura europeia no século XIX." Tempo 28, no. 3 (December 2022): 382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/tem-1980-542x2022v280318.

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Resumo: Apresenta resenha do livro Os europeus, do historiador britânico Orlando Figes. A partir de uma ampla gama de fontes primárias, Figes narra o triângulo amoroso entre o romancista russo Ivan Turgeniev, a cantora de ópera franco-espanhola Pauline Viardot-García e seu marido e empresário, o francês Louis Viardot. O historiador utiliza a vida dessas três pessoas do mundo das artes, cujas relações se desenrolaram em vários países europeus ao longo do século XIX, para traçar um panorama das mudanças econômicas e culturais pelas quais passava a Europa. Para Figes, o triângulo Turgeniev/García/Viardot pode ser considerado uma síntese da identidade comum europeia que se criava no século XIX.
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2

Dordea, Dragoș. "București, capitală (agri)culturală europeană." Argument. Spațiul construit. Concept și expresie, no. 10 (2018): 9–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54508/argument.10.04.

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One of the most important things in creating a program for participating in the competition for the title of European Capital of Culture is defining a city identity. The proposition is a territorial manifesto for Bucharest, necessary for creating a consistent identity which will be the foundation for a submission for the title of European Cultural Capital. The argument is that of Bucharest which reconnects with the ecological matrix of the territory. Bucharest is located in the middle of a region where agriculture has been playing an extremely important part. What could become the metropolitan area of Bucharest was initially conceived as an agricultural ring – Ilfov Agricultural County. This is of utmost importance considering the recent urban sprawl which is made without any planning on plots from the former agricultural heritage fund. As Bucharest is a city located in what I like to call, the lower Danube valley, and is placed within the rivers crossing this valley from northwest to southeast. Overlooked pattern on top of which a radial concentric scheme was overlapped. Forcing the concentric radial theoretical model to the detriment of geometry, the ‘ground zero’, as Franco Purini names it, the natural setting on which civilization is situated can no longer cope with the current urban growth, both in its positive and negative dimensions. The negative dynamics of the population within the boundaries of Bucharest and the massive growth of pre-urban residents in Ilfov show the identity of Bucharest is in a profound mutation which need not only be accepted but also designed. As the new economy (based on IT industries and various services) and agriculture can create that sustainable urban development model that would ensure a real economic and ecological balance, as proposed by Nicolae Georgescu Roegen. A vision aimed at a spatially and physiologically high spatial performance model could catalyze the already existing ecological matrices. Thus, the city / metropolis / capital would benefit from the full force of the physical + social + economic + cultural territories and reveal a new, positive identity, absolutely necessary for the definition of a European cultural capital project.
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3

Etxezarreta, Miren. "The European Union as a project of capital." Boletim de Ciências Económicas 57, no. 2 (2014): 1361–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0870-4260_57-2_2.

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4

Nicoletta Rosati. "L' educazione STEM al nido: una sfida possibile." IUL Research 2, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 188–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.57568/iulres.v2i4.160.

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Анотація:
Il documento della Commissione europea Proposal for Key Principles of a Quality Framework for Early Childhood Education and Care (2014) ha posto in rilievo l’importanza di una specificità dell’educazione infantile. I vari documenti europei “Starting Strong” (OECD, 2001; 2006; 2012; 2021) sottolineano come un’educazione adeguata a partire dalla prima infanzia possa garantire uno sviluppo pieno e olistico della persona del bambino. Studi economici, inoltre, ritengono che un’istruzione precoce di qualità possa contribuire alla crescita del “capitale umano” di ogni nazione. Partendo da queste considerazioni si può comprendere quanto sia importante far sviluppare precocemente le abilità che permettano di affrontare la complessità sociale attuale. Tra queste abilità, le cosiddette abilità STEM sono considerate basilari per lo sviluppo olistico della personalità fin dalla prima infanzia. Il presente contributo intende illustrare una riflessione sugli effetti dell’educazione STEM nella prima infanzia richiamando gli esiti del progetto europeo di ricerca Kitchen Lab 4 Kids e una prima esperienza di insegnamento delle abilità STEM nel nido.
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5

Trupiano, Gaetana. "Tax Harmonization of Capital Incomes in the European Union." Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 12, no. 1 (April 1, 1994): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569298x15668907539824.

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Abstract Con la liberalizzazione dei movimenti di capitali il maggiore ostacolo alla efficiente localizzazione di investimenti diretti e finanziari nell’Unione Europea è rappresentato dalle differenze nel trattamento fiscale delle attività finanziarie nei diversi paesi membri.In questo lavoro, dopo una discussione critica a favore e contro l’armonizzazione del trattamento fiscale dei redditi di capitale, sono illustrate sinteticamente le principali differenze nei sistemi di tassazione delle attività finanziarie nella U.E.Si passa, quindi, ad una analisi delle proposte di armonizzazione europea presentate dal 1989 sottolineando l’importanza di un sistema generalizzato di ritenuta alla fonte a titolo d’acconto o definitivo.Particolarmente interessante è l’esame dei possibili effetti di tali proposte sul sistema finanziario italiano in presenza di una struttura della tassazione dei redditi di capitale che, nonostante le recenti modifiche, appare ancora frammentata e distorsiva.
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6

Mugosa, Ana. "The determinants of capital structure choice: Evidence from Western Europe." Business and Economic Horizons 11, no. 2 (July 10, 2015): 76–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15208/beh.2015.07.

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7

van Oorschot, Wim, Wil Arts, and John Gelissen. "Social Capital in Europe." Acta Sociologica 49, no. 2 (June 2006): 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001699306064770.

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8

Holm, Bent. "Mantova capitale europea dello spettacolo." Mimesis Journal, no. 6, 1 (June 1, 2017): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/mimesis.1176.

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9

MINASSIAN, Garabed, and Victor YOTZOV. "FOREIGN CAPITAL INFLOWS IN CENTRAL AND EAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES." Economy of Ukraine 2021, no. 11 (November 18, 2021): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2021.11.055.

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Free cross-border movement of goods and capital correlates with the general economic state of a country in both apparent and subtle ways. The intensity of financial and economic interactions with the outside world is an indicator of the sustainability and efficiency of the national economy. After joining the EU, all Member States liberalized the balance of payments (BoP), i.e. ensured free and unrestricted cross-border movement of goods and capital. For certain countries the liberalization of BoP was a considerable challenge, which they managed to successfully overcome. These were the EU countries of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) was active among the former socialist countries until 1990, or the so-called "CMEA-EU countries". For an economic comparison to be plausible, it has to be made between the dynamics of comparable economies. Such a group of economies is formed by the CMEA-EU countries. EU membership provided them with the opportunity to use on their own their potential in property, intellect, power and resources. This is the reason why the present study has adopted a comparative analysis based on CMEA-EU countries. An attempt has been made to comprehensively monitor and analytically assess all major financial flows, especially in the CMEA-EU countries, and their impact on economic dynamics. A comparison is made for both the positive and negative aspects of the incoming financial resources in these countries. Particular emphasis is placed on macroeconomic elements and policies that outline, create conditions, and predetermine the scale, interactions and projections of cross-border financial flows.
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10

Charle, Christophe. "El temps de les capitals culturals europees." Debats. Revista de cultura, poder i societat 132, no. 2 (October 25, 2018): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.28939/iam.debats.132-2.10.

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11

de Vries, Michiel S., and Iwona Sobis. "Trust in the Local Administration: A Comparative Study between Capitals and Non-Capital Cities in Europe." NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nispa-2018-0009.

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Abstract Often a distinction is made between interpersonal and institutional trust, as the former is defined in terms of encapsulated interests, that is the idea that somebody will take your interests into account. Scholars have argued that this cannot be applied to institutions and that generalized institutional trust is therefore not a meaningful concept. This article disputes this reasoning by distinguishing this kind of trust in the governance of capital cities from such trust in non-capital cities. It argues that it can be doubted especially for the local administration in capital cities that they predominantly have the interests of their residents in mind when making decisions. The resulting hypothesis that residents of capital cities have less trust in their local administration than residents of non-capital cities is tested and confirmed through a secondary analysis of Urban Audit data. The analysis shows a significant effect in the predicted direction, which remains strong when controlling for the satisfaction with public issues, the respective region, and poverty of the respondent. The conclusion is that citizens in municipalities do know whether or not local institutions have their interests in mind when making decisions, which makes institutional trust equally meaningful a concept as interpersonal trust.
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12

Gómez-Pablos, Beatriz. "Fifteen proposals of demonyms for capitals of the European Union." XLinguae 9, no. 3 (June 2016): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2016.09.03.25-43.

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13

Taslaman, Caner, and Fazıl Kayıkçı. "Capital Mobility in Emerging Europe." Emerging Markets Finance and Trade 49, sup5 (November 2013): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/ree1540-496x4905s515.

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14

Tyebjee, Tyzoon, and Lister Vickery. "Venture capital in Western Europe." Journal of Business Venturing 3, no. 2 (March 1988): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(88)90022-5.

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15

Campbell, Gareth, and Meeghan Rogers. "Capital structure volatility in Europe." International Review of Financial Analysis 55 (January 2018): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2017.11.008.

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16

Fernandez, Rodrigo, and Manuel B. Aalbers. "Capital Market Union and residential capitalism in Europe: Rescaling the housing-centred model of financialization." Finance and Society 3, no. 1 (October 30, 2017): 32–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/finsoc.v3i1.1937.

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This article examines the effects of implementing the proposals of the European Commission to institute a Capital Market Union (CMU) on the diverse landscape of residential capitalism in Europe. The CMU will bypass existing national institutional blockades that left core countries of the Eurozone, namely Germany, France and Italy, largely untouched by the housing-centred model of financialization that developed in countries like Spain, Ireland, the UK and the Netherlands. It is widely acknowledged that the rise in securitized mortgage debt contributed to the global financial crisis. As part of the CMU, the new European Commission is promoting mortgage securitization throughout the EU and thereby rescaling the political economy of housing finance that was hitherto rooted in national, institutional models. We argue that countries which ‘missed’ the previous housing boom will not be able to prevent future housing-centred financialization. CMU thus signifies a spatial expansion of the debt-led accumulation model.
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17

Pavicevic, Olivera. "Positive and negative aspects of social capital: The case of postcommunist societies." Sociologija 54, no. 3 (2012): 501–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1203501p.

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The paper analyzes social capital's properties in relation with the level at which it is generated, as a type of social capital. The second part of the paper is dedicated to examining of possibilities for implementation of the concept of social capital in various social and political circumstances. Analysis of the Putnam's concept of social capital in reviewing of the process of democratization of post-communist societies has shown that assessment of the social capital?s role in democratic transition of these societies must take into account specific social and political circumstances which influenced social capital's trends and forms. In contrast to economically developed societies with long democratic traditions, it turned out that social capital in former communist societies developed and moved in almost opposite directions. It is characterized by competitiveness, non-community spirit and exclusivity. This may be explained by predominant informal associating forms as a survival strategy in conditions of deprivation and ideological mobilization at the time of communist party states which during transition turned into suspicious conversions of various capital types. It is an open issue how much the social capital concept is applicable in post-communist societies of Eastern and Central Europe and how it should be designed for the purpose of adequate implementation in creating of social policies.
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18

Crowther, Ian. "Capitalism and Eastern Europe." Chesterton Review 17, no. 2 (1991): 274–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/chesterton199117288.

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19

Njemcevic, Faris. "Capital Market and Economic Growth in Transition Countries: Evidence from South East Europe." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING 2, no. 6 (2017): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.26.3002.

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Influence of capital market on economic growth has been proven to be positive by majority empirical studies up to now. Throughout these studies, only secondary capital market indicators were usedwas extended with eight countries from Central and Eastern Europe to stabilize the model. A country dummy variable was used to distinguish between two regions. Data for panel regression was taken from GFDR, WDI (both from World Bank database) and one variable from UNECE. Results show that only market capitalization indicator is found to be significant, which is contrary to preliminary expectations. It was hard to expect secondary market activities to spur growth in transition countries, where primary issues almost do not exist. However, this result could be explained LSDVC regression tested endogeneity and reverse causality, and no significant reverse relationship was detected. The main conclusion of this study is that more qualitative research has to be done to discover the main limitations to capital market development in transition countries with more emphasis on primary issues, what could be of better use for policymakers.
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20

Fernandez, Pablo, Alberto Ortiz, and Isabel Fernandez Acín. "Capital Market and Economic Growth in Transition Countries: Evidence from South East Europe." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING 2, no. 6 (2017): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.26.3003.

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21

Navarro Martínez, Daniel. "Nacionalidad por inversión en la Unión Europea." Quaderns IEE 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 93–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/quadernsiee.44.

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Durante los últimos años, la Unión Europea se ha pronunciado en contra de los programas de nacionalidad por inversión o “pasaportes dorados”, los cuales han sido utilizados por algunos Estados miembros para atraer capital extranjero. No obstante, la eliminación de estos programas presenta un verdadero reto para las instituciones europeas, puesto que los Estados tienen competencia exclusiva en materia de regulación de la nacionalidad. A lo largo del artículo, analizaremos la compatibilidad de los pasaportes dorados con el derecho europeo e internacional, haciendo especial referencia al programa de Bulgaria.
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22

VAN DER WUSTEN, HERMAN. "Public authority in European capitals: a map of governance, an album with symbols." European Review 12, no. 2 (May 2004): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798704000146.

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This paper deals with the residences of public authority across Europe from the emergence of the state system to the present. It is concerned with the addresses, the buildings, their surroundings and the symbolic significance from the point of view of builders and the public. The building styles have been heavily influenced by the examples of imperial and papal Rome, and a dominant model of a European capital city building has evolved. There are also some systematic differences, particularly for those countries with a dramatic history of constitutional change and for those with a decentralized process of state-building in the early stages of the process. In the second half of the 19th century, and probably again currently, the residences of public authority should be read in conjunction with the positioning of a series of civic institutions. The display of state authority has been increasingly accompanied by the representation of national identity. More recently, however, a touch of cosmopolitanism has been added in many capitals. The reading of these capitals is therefore now more ambiguous. This will probably intensify under the impact of the emerging European multilevel governance system. At the same time, this governance system has become increasingly based in Brussels. For this city to symbolically represent Europe is a very difficult ambition in the context of its multiple capital roles. However, Brussels has a long history of dealing successfully with such urban challenges in spite of major conflicts and drawbacks.
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23

Sianos, Alexandros. "European Capitals of Culture." International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity 5, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/hcm.496.

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Using English-language newspaper articles retrieved from digital repositories, this article examines the cultural asymmetrical encounter between Western and Eastern Europe after 1989. It argues that due to the rise of the Iron Curtain after 1948 and the post-war progress of the Western European integration project after 1950, the idea of ‘Europe’ was confined to the West until 1989. After 1989, however, the Eastern European nations were free to ‘return to Europe’, and in order to do so they followed the ‘reference model’ of the West. Taking the institution of the European Capital of Culture (ECOC) as a case study, the article demonstrates how both Western and Eastern European cities used the ECOC title as a gateway to modernity, why it acquired an extra functionality in the East as a stage where they could showcase their ‘European’ credentials, and how it gradually developed into one of the EU’s ‘soft power’ resources.
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24

Geronikolaou, George, and George Papachristou. "Venture Capital and Innovation in Europe." Modern Economy 03, no. 04 (2012): 454–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/me.2012.34058.

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25

Creel, Jerome, and Gwenaelle Poilon. "Is public capital productive in Europe?" International Review of Applied Economics 22, no. 6 (November 2008): 673–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02692170802407577.

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26

Frieze, Sasha. "London: Jewish Cultural Capital of Europe?" Jewish Quarterly 62, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0449010x.2015.1010385.

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27

Barker, Jeffrey H. "Capital punishment in the new Europe." European Legacy 1, no. 2 (April 1996): 812–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10848779608579487.

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28

Kippenberger, T., and B. Gould. "Culture and human capital I: Europe." Antidote 3, no. 8 (December 1998): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000006611.

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29

Groth, John C. "Human Capital and Europe′s Future." European Business Review 94, no. 5 (December 1994): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09555349410068858.

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30

Carmo, Renato Miguel, and Nuno Nunes. "CLASS AND SOCIAL CAPITAL IN EUROPE." European Societies 15, no. 3 (July 2013): 373–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2012.691171.

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31

McCarthy, C., and P. D. Welsby. "Edinburgh — the Aids Capital of Europe?" Scottish Medical Journal 48, no. 1 (February 2003): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003693300304800101.

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32

Boutang, Yann Moulier, and Anne Querrien. "Europe fédérale vs apocalypse du capital." Multitudes 47, no. 4 (2011): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/mult.047.0005.

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33

Ekici, Didem. "Orienting Istanbul: cultural capital of Europe?" Journal of Urban Design 21, no. 2 (February 24, 2016): 282–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2016.1144997.

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34

Healy, John J. "European integration: Venture capital in Europe." International Executive 33, no. 3 (November 1991): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tie.5060330305.

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35

Thuriot, Fabrice. "European Capital of Culture 2028: For Which Identities and Values? French Bids for the Title in 2028." Intercultural Relations 7, no. 2(12) (December 21, 2022): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/rm.02.2022.12.04.

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Анотація:
The general objectives of the European Capitals of Culture are to safeguard and promote the diversity of cultures in Europe and the common features they share, while strengthening the sense of belonging to a common cultural space. The growing appeal of the title of European Capital of Culture, especially after the success of Lille (2004) and Marseille (2013), both in France, has led to numerous bids in the country, despite the high cost of preparation and implementation. Amiens, Bastia, Bourges, Clermont-Ferrand, Lens-Lievin, Nice, Reims, Roubaix, Rouen and Saint-Denis have already announced their candidacy to the title of European Capital of Culture in 2028, often in connection with their region. The article analyses the cultural and development projects of these cities and territories according to the criteria of European values and identities.
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36

Güngör, Kamil. "Avrupa Birliği’nde Ekonomik Fonksiyon Bakımından Sermaye Üzerinden Alınan Vergiler ve Türkiye." İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 19, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5578/jeas.54088.

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37

Grilli, Luca, Boris Mrkajic, and Gresa Latifi. "Venture capital in Europe: social capital, formal institutions and mediation effects." Small Business Economics 51, no. 2 (March 12, 2018): 393–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0007-7.

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38

Rivero, Patricia Jimena, and Candelaria Martínez. "Significados sobre la ciudadanía múltiple: el caso de los argentinos que retornan desde España con pasaporte europeo." methaodos revista de ciencias sociales 9, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17502/mrcs.v9i1.443.

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Анотація:
Si bien la crisis argentina de 2001 produjo el mayor éxodo de argentinos hacia España, la llegada de la posterior crisis de 2008 originó una serie de desplazamientos en sentido inverso: los argentinos cesaron de emigrar hacia el país europeo para emprender el regreso a su país de origen. En este proceso de retorno los migrantes movilizaron ciertos recursos, siendo uno de los más significativos el pasaporte europeo. El objetivo de este artículo es identificar los significados que los retornados le otorgan a la ciudadanía múltiple o doble nacionalidad. Para ello, a través de 32 entrevistas semi-estructuradas, se analizan los relatos de aquellos retornados que poseen ciudadanía europea a través de sus ancestros (nacionalidad adscripta) y de los que la han adquirido después de su estancia migratoria en España (nacionalidad adquirida). Los resultados muestran que los significados identificados difieren según el perfil, sea este adscripto o adquirido, pero poseen puntos en común. Uno de los más significativos es que la ciudadanía múltiple implica un proceso de acumulación de capital para suplir deficiencias de la ciudadanía de origen al tiempo que puede facilitar la movilidad geográfica y social, y con ella transformarse en otras formas de capital (humano, financiero, social).
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39

Spratley, Derek, John Pointon, and Sue Farrar. "Managing Capital Investment and Taxation in Europe." Management Research News 19, no. 12 (December 1996): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb028510.

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40

Milesi-Ferretti, Gian-Maria, and Philip R. Lane. "Capital Flows to Central and Eastern Europe." IMF Working Papers 06, no. 188 (2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451864489.001.

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41

Tanda, Alessandra. "Venture capital in Europe: investors and targets." Global Business and Economics Review 18, no. 3/4 (2016): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/gber.2016.076257.

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42

Gopinath, Gita, Şebnem Kalemli-Özcan, Loukas Karabarbounis, and Carolina Villegas-Sanchez. "Capital Allocation and Productivity in South Europe*." Quarterly Journal of Economics 132, no. 4 (June 20, 2017): 1915–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjx024.

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Abstract Starting in the early 1990s, countries in southern Europe experienced low productivity growth alongside declining real interest rates. We use data for manufacturing firms in Spain between 1999 and 2012 to document a significant increase in the dispersion of the return to capital across firms, a stable dispersion of the return to labor, and a significant increase in productivity losses from capital misallocation over time. We develop a model with size-dependent financial frictions that is consistent with important aspects of firms’ behavior in production and balance sheet data. We illustrate how the decline in the real interest rate, often attributed to the euro convergence process, leads to a significant decline in sectoral total factor productivity as capital inflows are misallocated toward firms that have higher net worth but are not necessarily more productive. We show that similar trends in dispersion and productivity losses are observed in Italy and Portugal but not in Germany, France, and Norway.
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43

JACOBY, TIM. "Turkey and Europe: culture, capital and corruption." Review of International Studies 36, no. 3 (April 30, 2010): 663–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210510000239.

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AbstractThis article argues that current discourses on Turkish corruption are marked by a disproportionate emphasis on culture and can thus be understood as part of a broader relationship with Europe's perennial ‘other’. Having traced elements of this within European political elites' response to Turkey's prospective accession to the Union, the article goes on to suggest that the association of corruption with a different cultural orientation represents a useful means of legitimising the extraneous guidance of administrative and economic change. The ultimate aim of such reforms are, the article concludes, to extend the penetrative capacity of European capital, to reduce the transaction costs involved in acquiring Turkish assets and to disable domestic resistance to further marketisation.
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44

Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés, and Viola von Berlepsch. "Social Capital and Individual Happiness in Europe." Journal of Happiness Studies 15, no. 2 (March 15, 2013): 357–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10902-013-9426-y.

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45

Brounen, Dirk, Abe de Jong, and Kees Koedijk. "Capital structure policies in Europe: Survey evidence." Journal of Banking & Finance 30, no. 5 (May 2006): 1409–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2005.02.010.

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46

Lane, Philip R., and Gian Maria Milesi-Ferretti. "Capital flows to central and Eastern Europe." Emerging Markets Review 8, no. 2 (May 2007): 106–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2007.01.004.

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47

Burda, Michael C. "Is there a capital shortage in Europe?" Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 124, no. 1 (March 1988): 38–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02708618.

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48

Hodgson, John. "Europe needs a single, deep capital market." Nature Biotechnology 20, no. 10 (October 2002): 960–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1002-960b.

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49

Wauters, Jan. "Biotechnology in the capital region of Europe." Journal of Commercial Biotechnology 16, no. 2 (November 10, 2009): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jcb.2009.34.

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50

Yudanov, Y. "Belgian Capital in Europe and in Russia." World Economy and International Relations, no. 6 (2001): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2001-6-31-39.

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