Дисертації: "Capital assets pricing model"

1

Luo, Dan, and 罗丹. "Two essays on asset pricing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48199357.

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This thesis centers around the pricing and risk-return tradeoff of credit and equity derivatives. The first essay studies the pricing in the CDS Index (CDX) tranche market, and whether these instruments have been reasonably priced and integrated within the financial market generally, both before and during the financial crisis. We first design a procedure to value CDO tranches using an intensity-based model which falls into the affine model class. The CDX tranche spreads are efficiently explained by a three-factor version of this model, before and during the crisis period. We then construct tradable CDX tranche portfolios, representing the three default intensity factors. These portfolios capture the same exposure as the S&P 500 index optionmarket, to a market crash. We regress these CDX factors against the underlying index, the volatility factor, and the smirk factor, extracted from the index option returns, and against the Fama-French market, size and book-to-market factors. We finally argue that the CDX spreads are integrated in the financial market, and their issuers have not made excess returns. The second essay explores the specifications of jumps for modeling stock price dynamics and cross-sectional option prices. We exploit a long sample of about 16 years of S&P500 returns and option prices for model estimation. We explicitly impose the time-series consistency when jointly fitting the return and option series. We specify a separate jump intensity process which affords a distinct source of uncertainty and persistence level from the volatility process. Our overall conclusion is that simultaneous jumps in return and volatility are helpful in fitting the return, volatility and jump intensity time series, while time-varying jump intensities improve the cross-section fit of the option prices. In the formulation with time-varying jump intensity, both the mean jump size and standard deviation of jump size premia are strengthened. Our MCMC approach to estimate the models is appropriate, because it has been found to be powerful by other authors, and it is suitable for dealing with jumps. To the best of our knowledge, our study provides the the most comprehensive application of the MCMC technique to option pricing in affine jump-diffusion models.
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Economics and Finance
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

2

Jordan-Wagner, James M. (James Michael). "Arbitrage Pricing Theory and the Capital Asset Pricing Model: Evidence from the Eurodollar Bond Market." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330578/.

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Monthly returns on twenty-seven Eurobonds from July 1982 to June 1986 were examined. There were no consistent differences in returns based on the country in which a firm is located. There were consistent differences due to industry classification, with energy-related firms exhibiting higher average returns and variances. Excess returns were calculated using the capital asset pricing model and arbitrage pricing theory. The results from calculation of mean average deviation, root mean square, and R2 all indicate that the arbitrage pricing theory was a better descriptor of the Eurobond market. The excess returns were also examined using stochastic dominance. Arbitrage pricing theory never dominated the capital asset pricing model using first-order criteria, but consistently dominated using second-order criteria. The results were discussed in terms of the implications for investors and portfolio managers.

3

Sekeris, Evangelos. "Information and learning in asset pricing." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1320955391&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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4

Lee, Kuan-Hui. "Liquidity risk and asset pricing." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155146069.

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5

Janse, Van Rensburg S. "Modelling of size-based portfolios using a mixture of normal distributions." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/985.

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From option pricing using the Black and Scholes model, to determining the signi cance of regression coe cients in a capital asset pricing model (CAPM), the assumption of normality was pervasive throughout the eld of nance. This was despite evidence that nancial returns were non-normal, skewed and heavy- tailed. In addition to non-normality, there remained questions about the e ect of rm size on returns. Studies examining these di erences were limited to ex- amining the mean return, with respect to an asset pricing model, and did not consider higher moments. Janse van Rensburg, Sharp and Friskin (in press) attempted to address both the problem of non-normality and size simultaneously. They (Janse van Rens- burg et al in press) tted a mixture of two normal distributions, with common mean but di erent variances, to a small capitalisation portfolio and a large cap- italisation portfolio. Comparison of the mixture distributions yielded valuable insight into the di erences between the small and large capitalisation portfolios' risk. Janse van Rensburg et al (in press), however, identi ed several shortcom- ings within their work. These included data problems, such as survivorship bias and the exclusion of dividends, and the questionable use of standard statistical tests in the presence of non-normality. This study sought to correct the problems noted in the paper by Janse van Rensburg et al (in press) and to expand upon their research. To this end survivorship bias was eliminated and an e ective dividend was included into the return calculations. Weekly data were used, rather than the monthly data of Janse van Rensburg et al (in press). More portfolios, over shorter holding periods, were considered. This allowed the authors to test whether Janse van Rensburg et al's (in press) ndings remained valid under conditions di erent to their original study. Inference was also based on bootstrapped statistics, in order to circumvent problems associated with non-normality. Additionally, several di erent speci cations of the normal mixture distribution were considered, as opposed to only the two-component scale mixture. In the following, Chapter 2 provided a literature review of previous studies on return distributions and size e ects. The data, data preparation and portfolio formation were discussed in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 gave an overview of the statistical methods and tests used throughout the study. The empirical results of these tests, prior to risk adjustment, were presented in Chapter 5. The impact of risk adjustment on the distribution of returns was documented in Chapter 6. The study ended, Chapter 7, with a summary of the results and suggestions for future research.

6

Emeny, Matthew. "The book-to-market effect and the behaviour of stock returns in the Australian equity market." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ECM/09ecme533.pdf.

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"August 1998" Bibliography: leaves 74-78. The relationship between the returns to a stock, and ratio of book equity to market equity of the firm, are tested for the Australian stock market, and statistically significant evidence is found in support if the :book to market effect". Several tests are performed to determine whether this return premium is the result of additional risk or market inefficiency. No evidence is found to suggest that high book-to-market stocks are associated with additional risk, and only weak evidence is found to suggest that return premium is a result of investor over-reaction. An alternative explanation IS offered, relying on the dynamic behavior of firms and the process by which investors value the stocks of these firms.

7

Kam, Wai-hung Simon. "Capital asset pricing model : is it relevant in Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13570456.

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8

Zhou, Yi. "Leverage, asset pricing and its implications." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1692099801&sid=19&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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9

Kam, Wai-hung Simon, and 甘偉雄. "Capital asset pricing model: is it relevant in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31265686.

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10

Suh, Daniel. "Stock returns, risk factor loadings, and model predictions a test of the CAPM and the Fama-French 3-factor model /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10744.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 146 p. : col. ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

11

Davies, Philip R. "Empirical tests of asset pricing models." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1184592627.

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12

Lin, Chien-Hsiu. "Asset pricing in the Asian emerging markets." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1432786771&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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13

Sakouvogui, Kekoura. "Robust Capital Asset Pricing Model Estimation through Cross-Validation." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29019.

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Limitations of Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) continue to present inconsistent empirical results despite its rm mathematical foundations provided in recent studies. In this thesis, we examine how estimation errors of the CAPM could be minimized using the cross-validation technique, a concept that is widely applied in machine learning (CV-CAPM). We apply our approach to test the assumption of CAPM as a well-diversified portfolio model with data from S&P500 and Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA). Our results from the CV-CAPM validate that both S&P500 and DJIA are well-diversified market indices with statistically insignificant variation in unsystematic risks during and after the 2007 financial crisis. Furthermore, the CV-CAPM provides the smallest root mean square errors and mean absolute deviations compared to the traditional CAPM.

14

Zhao, Huimin, and 趙慧敏. "Two essays on asset pricing and options market." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41508397.

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15

Zhao, Huimin. "Two essays on asset pricing and options market." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41508397.

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16

Hadjieftychiou, Aristarchos. "The CAPM approach to materiality." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12172008-063723/.

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17

Fu, Jun, and 付君. "Asset pricing, hedging and portfolio optimization." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48199345.

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Starting from the most famous Black-Scholes model for the underlying asset price, there has been a large variety of extensions made in recent decades. One main strand is about the models which allow a jump component in the asset price. The first topic of this thesis is about the study of jump risk premium by an equilibrium approach. Different from others, this work provides a more general result by modeling the underlying asset price as the ordinary exponential of a L?vy process. For any given asset price process, the equity premium, pricing kernel and an equilibrium option pricing formula can be derived. Moreover, some empirical evidence such as the negative variance risk premium, implied volatility smirk, and negative skewness risk premium can be well explained by using the relation between the physical and risk-neutral distributions for the jump component. Another strand of the extensions of the Black-Scholes model is about the models which can incorporate stochastic volatility in the asset price. The second topic of this thesis is about the replication of exponential variance, where the key risks are the ones induced by the stochastic volatility and moreover it can be correlated with the returns of the asset, referred to as leverage effect. A time-changed L?vy process is used to incorporate jumps, stochastic volatility and leverage effect all together. The exponential variance can be robustly replicated by European portfolios, without any specification of a model for the stochastic volatility. Beyond the above asset pricing and hedging, portfolio optimization is also discussed. Based on the Merton (1969, 1971)'s reduced portfolio optimization and the delta hedging problem, a portfolio of an option, the underlying stock and a risk-free bond can be optimized in discrete time and its optimal solution can be shown to be a mixture of the Merton's result and the delta hedging strategy. The main approach is the elasticity approach, which has initially been proposed in continuous time. In addition to the above optimization problem in discrete time, the same topic but in a continuous-time regime-switching market is also presented. The use of regime-switching makes our market incomplete, and makes it difficult to use some approaches which are applicable in complete market. To overcome this challenge, two methods are provided. The first method is that we simply do not price the regime-switching risk when obtaining the risk-neutral probability. Then by the idea of elasticity, the utility maximization problem can be formulated as a stochastic control problem with only a single control variable, and explicit solutions can be obtained. The second method is to introduce a functional operator to general value functions of stochastic control problem in such a way that the optimal value function in our setting can be given by the limit of a sequence of value functions defined by iterating the operator. Hence the original problem can be deduced to an auxiliary optimization problem, which can be solved as if we were in a single-regime market, which is complete.
published_or_final_version
Statistics and Actuarial Science
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

18

Li, Ya. "An empirical analysis of factor seasonalities." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2017. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/421.

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I establish the existence of seasonality in 42 popular risk factors in the asset pricing literature. I document extensive empirical evidence for the Keloharju et al. (2016) hypothesis that seasonalities in individual asset returns stem from their exposures to risk factors. It is the seasonal patterns in risk factors that lead to the seasonalities in individual asset portfolios. The empirical findings show that seasonalities are widely present among individual asset portfolios. However, both the all-factor model and the Fama-French (2014) five-factor model demonstrate that these patterns greatly disappear after I eliminate their exposures to the corresponding risk factors. Overall, 76.17% of the returns on 235 test equal-weighted portfolios I examine contain seasonality. My key finding is that 48.68% of equal-weighted portfolio returns with seasonalities no longer contain seasonality after I control for their exposures to all risk factors. Only 52.08% of the equal-weighted portfolio Fama-French five-factor model residual obtain substantial seasonal patterns in the Wald test. Regarding to seasonalities in risk factors, specific seasonal patterns include the January effect, higher returns during February, March, and July, and autocorrelations at irregular lags. The Wald test, a stable seasonality test, the Kruskal-Wallis chi-square test, a combined seasonality test, Fisher's Kappa test, and Bartlett's Kolmogorov-Smirnov test are used to identify the seasonal patterns in individual risk factors. Fama-French SMB (the size factor) and HML (the value factor) in the three-factor model, Fama-French RMW (the operating profitability factor) in the five-factor model, earnings/price, cash flow/price, momentum, short-term reversal, long-term reversal, daily variance, daily residual variance, growth rate of industrial production (value-weighted), term premium (equal-weighted and value-weighted), and profitability display robust seasonalities. Therefore, the first part of the research confirms that risk factors possess substantial seasonal patterns.

19

Yoon, Jai-Hyung. "Four essays on international real business cycle and asset pricing models." Monash University, Dept. of Accounting and Finance, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8520.

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20

Tam, Kwok-Leung Yves. "Pricing risk for nonnormal processes and conditional higher-order moments /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9842570.

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21

Peleg, Ehud. "Three essays on asset pricing, portfolio choice and behavioral finance." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1722324081&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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22

Chu, Kai-cheung, and 朱啟祥. "The effects of mean reversion on dynamic corporate finance and asset pricing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47752762.

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This thesis aims to investigate the effects of mean reversion on dynamic corporate finance decisions and stock pricing. In Chapter 1, a continuous-time real option model of mature firm that produces product with exogenous mean reverting price is developed to study the firm’s optimal exit and leverage policies. Simulation results show that both liquidation and bankruptcy triggers are negatively related to the long run price levels, while the speed of mean reversion interacts with the long run price level to affect the firm’s exit decisions in two opposite directions depending on the level’s relative magnitude to total operating expenses (the firm’s instantaneous operation costs plus coupon payments). Regarding the leverage policy, apart from showing the static tradeoff result that firm uses more debts when the current revenues are high, the model exhibits at high long run price levels low-debt scenarios that are analogous to the pecking order prediction, suggesting that both static tradeoff and pecking order effects coexist under a mean reversion environment. Because equity values increase more vigorously with prices than debt values do, the tradeoff effect is overwhelmed and the resulting optimal leverage ratios are generally decreasing with the current price levels. Chapter 2 extends the model in Chapter 1 to derive the closed-form expression of the firm’s equity beta. Because expected stock returns are linearly related to the equity beta by model assumption, several implications to the cross-sectional behaviors of stock returns are obtained. First, it is predicted that firms with mean reverting characteristics should earn lower average returns than others without. The model further reveals the coexistence of positive book-to-market and leverage premiums to stock returns. Most importantly, due to the possession of bankruptcy option by equity holders, high distress risk stocks are expected to earn lower average returns than otherwise similar but low distress risk stocks. This provides an extra dimension to study the ‘distress premium puzzle’. Finally to verify the model predictions, empirical tests using historical market and accounting data from CRSP and COMPUSTAT are conducted, and supportive results are generally obtained.
published_or_final_version
Economics and Finance
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

23

Lam, Kenneth. "Is the Fama-French three-factor model better than the CAPM? /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2094.

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24

LEGGETT, DAVID NEAL. "INCOME TAXES AND CAPITAL ASSET PRICING THEORY: SOME EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187910.

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Capital asset pricing theory assumes a no-tax, after-tax efficiency equivalence; ie., that the efficient information produced in a no-tax analysis is equivalent to that which is produced in an after-tax analysis. However, if the effect of income taxes is not systematic throughout the market, the useful application of the theory may be impaired by this assumption. This research seeks to determine the effect of income tax imposition on the risk-return expectations or individual investors. If the effect of income tax imposition is to produce non-homogeneous after-tax investor risk-return expectations, then the efficiency equivalence hypothesis must be rejected. This efficiency equivalency hypothesis is evaluated by testing two alternative hypotheses, (1) the systematic riskiness of any individual security, both with and without adjustment for the imposition of income tax, is equivalent, and (2) the no-tax and after-tax expected risk-return rank order of each individual security is the same. An after-tax capital asset pricing model is derived. This model is based upon the premise that the current income tax laws, which require investors to share with the taxing government the uncertain returns from risky assets, allow investors to reduce the riskiness of those returns. The returns on investment assets are derived from both capital gains and from ordinary income distributions. However, the tax treatment of capital gains (losses) and ordinary income (dividends/interest) is not the same. This results in an unsystematic effect on the risks and returns of investments, thus, the income tax effect is not likely to be homogeneous as an efficiency equivalence hypothesis would imply. The analysis focuses on the expected risk-return equivalencies for 465 firms, using ex-post data over a 10 year period. The findings of this study imply that income tax effects on the market are not homogeneous. Income tax differentials are apparent in both the observed beta terms and the risk-return rank-ordering of the securities.

25

Zheng, Xiaohong. "Two essays on empirical asset pricing /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?FINA%202007%20ZHENG.

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26

Hamada, Mahmoud Actuarial Studies Australian School of Business UNSW. "Dynamic portfolio optimization & asset pricing : Martingale methods and probability distortion functions." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Actuarial Studies, 2001. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/18232.

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This dissertation consist of three contributions to financial and insurance mathematics. The first part considers numerical methods for dynamic portfolio optimisation in the expected utility model. The aim is to compare the risk-neutral computational approach (RNCA) also known as the martingale approach to stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) in a discrete-time setting. The main idea of the RNCA is to use the completeness and the arbitrage free properties of the market to compute the optimal consumption rules and then determine the trading strategy that finance this optimal consumption. In contrast, SDP solves for the optimal consumption and investment rules simultaneously using backward recursion and the principle of optimality. The setting that we consider is a discrete time and state space lattice. We provide some new theoretical results relating to the Hyperbolic Absolute Risk Aversion class of utility functions as well as propose a straightforward implementation of RNCA in binomial and trinomial lattices. Moreover, instead of discretizing the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation with possibly more than one state variable, we use symbolic algorithms to implement stochastic dynamic programming. This new approach provides a simpler numerical procedure for computing optimal consumption-investment policies. A comparison of the RNCA with SDP demonstrates the superiority of the RNCA in terms of computation. The second part considers the pricing of contingent claims using an approach developed and applied in applied in insurance. This approach utilize probability distortion functions as the dual of the utility functions used in financial theory. The main idea of the dual theory is to distort the subjective probabilities rather than outcomes to express the investor????????s risk aversion. In the first part, the RNCA for asset allocation uses the same principle as risk-neutral valuation for derivative pricing. The idea of the second part of this research is to show that the risk-neutral valuation can be recovered from the probability distortion function approach, thereby establishing consistency between the insurance and the financial approaches. We prove that pricing contingent claims under the real world probability measure using an appropriate distortion operator produces arbitrage-free prices when the underlying asset prices are log-normal. We investigate cases when the insurance-based approach fails to produce arbitrage-free prices and determine the appropriate distortion operator under more general assumptions than those used in Black-Scholes option pricing. In the third part we introduce dynamic portfolio optimisation with risk measures based on probability distortion function and provide a formal treatment of this class of risk measures. We employ the RNCA to study the consumption-investment problem in discrete time with preferences consistent with Yaari????????s dual (non-expected utility) theory of choice. As an application, we first consider risk measures based on the Proportional Hazard Transform that treats the upside and downside of the risk differently and secondly a risk measure based on the standard Normal cumulative distribution function. When the objective is to maximise a dual utility of wealth, and the underlying security returns are normal, the efficient frontier is found to be the same as in the mean-variance portfolio problem for an equivalent risk tolerance. When the objective is to maximise a dual utility of consumption, then ????????plunging???????????? behaviour occurs ( investing everything is the risky asset). Other properties of the optimal consumption-investment policies in the dual theory are also investigated and discussed.

27

Majerbi, Basma. "Essays in international asset pricing and foreign exchange risk." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84526.

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The purpose of this thesis is to provide new evidence on the pricing of foreign exchange risk in the stock market by testing international asset pricing models (IAPMs) under varying market structures and different exchange rate measures. It is composed of three essays. In the first essay, I test unconditional asset pricing models with exchange risk using country, portfolio and firm level data from nine emerging markets (EMs). It is shown that unlike the case for developed markets where unconditional tests often fail to detect a significant exchange risk premium in stock returns, exchange risk is unconditionally priced in EMs. However, when local market risk is introduced in the model to take into account potential segmentation effects, exchange risk premia are totally subsumed by local risk premia for most countries especially at the firm level. The second essay examines the significance of exchange risk in conditional IAPMs using multivariate GARCH-in-Mean specification and time varying prices of risk. The model tested assumes partial integration and uses real exchange rates to account for both inflation risk and nominal exchange risk. The main empirical results support the hypothesis of significant exchange risk premia in EMs equity returns even after accounting for local market risk. The exchange risk premia are also economically significant as they represent on average 18 percent of total premium, and may reach up to 45 percent of total premium for some countries over sub-periods. In the third essay, I test for the pricing of exchange risk in stock returns using globally diversified sector portfolios. The purpose of this test is to examine the effect of cross-currency diversification on the global price of foreign exchange risk. Since there is no previous evidence on this issue, I use data on the G7 countries and EMs. The results suggest that the effects of exchange risk may be less significant in pricing global assets such as global s

28

Zhang, Qianwen. "What kind of asset pricing model works in emerging markets? a case study for the Chinese stock markets /." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?MR26886.

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29

Farnsworth, Heber K. "Evaluating stochastic discount factors from term structure models /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8786.

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30

Laurente, García María Marisol, and Villalobos Leyla del Milagro Saldaña. "Controversia del CAPM con relación al riesgo y rentabilidad de activos financieros frente a otros modelos alternativos y derivados." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/628015.

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Анотація:

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el uso y aplicación del modelo de valoración de activos de capital, CAPM, como herramienta de planificación y evaluación financiera, comparándolo con otros modelos alternativos. El CAPM propone una relación entre el riesgo y rendimiento de un activo. El riesgo está representado por el coeficiente beta, que mide la sensibilidad del instrumento financiero en relación con el riesgo sistemático, ya sea en un portafolio de activos o en la valoración de una empresa. Debido a que existen críticas sobre la validez del CAPM, en este estudio se busca conocer la efectividad que tiene el uso y la aplicación del modelo. Para ello, se han buscado evidencias empíricas, en diferentes países, y sectores económicos en las que se compara el CAPM con otros modelos alternativos, tales como el APT o el de Tres Factores Fama y French que, según la investigación realizada, serían los más utilizados. Los resultados de esta investigación muestran que el CAPM no ofrece necesariamente resultados positivos significativos en los estudios revisados. Sin embargo, ello no quiere decir que el CAPM no sea un modelo suficiente para predecir la relación riesgo – rentabilidad en los casos en los que se aplica. Se concluye por ello que, a pesar de que existen modelos alternativos tratando de superar las limitaciones del CAPM, hoy en día este modelo sigue siendo el más utilizado fundamentalmente por su sencillez y por su capacidad de explicar y predecir, de manera suficiente, en la mayoría de las aplicaciones generales.
The objective of this paper is to analyze the use and application of the capital asset pricing model, CAPM, as a planning and financial evaluation tool and to compare it with other alternative models. The CAPM propose a relationship between the risk and return of an asset. The risk is represented by coefficient called beta, which measures the sensitivity of the financial asset in relation to it´s systematic risk, either in a portfolio or in the valuation of a company. Given that there are controversies about the validity of the CAPM, the study is gad is to understand the effectiveness of the use and application of the model. In order to do that, evidence, in different countries and economic sectors, is presented in which the CAPM is compared with other alternative models, such as the APT or the Fama and French Three Factor, according to this investigation would be the most used. The results of this investigation shown that, the CAPM, even though it is not able to offer significant positives results in the studies reviewed. However, it is not a sufficient model for predictins the risk - return relationship in the cases where it applies. It is concluded for that, although there are alternatives models trying to overcome the limitations of the CAPM, this model is nowadays the most used yet, fundamentally because of its simplicity and its ability to explain and predict, in a sufficient fashion, in most of the general applications.
Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

31

Chaieb, Ines. "Essays on international asset pricing under segmentation and PPP deviations." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102485.

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This dissertation comprises two essays. The first essay develops and tests a theoretical model that provides new insights when markets are partially segmented and the purchasing power parity (PPP) is violated which seems to be the case for the majority of national markets. The theoretical part derives closed form solutions for asset prices and portfolio holdings. Particularly, we show that deviations from PPP in mildly segmented markets induce a new form of systematic risk, termed segflation risk, and in equilibrium investors require compensation for this risk. A strong feature of the model is that it provides a theoretical framework for testing important issues; such as, pricing of foreign exchange risk and world market structure. The model also nests several existing international asset pricing models and thus provides a framework to distinguish empirically between competing models. The empirical part of the essay provides an empirical validation of the model for eight major emerging markets. The results give support to the model and point to the importance of the segflation risk which is statistically and economically significant.
The second essay uses our theoretical model to address the question of whether the IFC investable indices are priced globally or locally. Indeed S&P/IFC provides two emerging market indices: the IFC global index (IFCG) and its subset the IFC investable index (IFCI). Since the IFCI is fully investable, both the academic and practitioners implicitly assume that this subset of emerging markets is priced in the global context. This is a critical assumption for corporate finance decisions and portfolio management. Hence, this essay investigates the pricing behavior of the IFCI index returns using a conditional version of our model that allows for segmentation and PPP deviations. The results suggest that local factors are important in explaining returns of the IFC investable indices and that the return behavior of IFCI indices is similar to that of the IFCG.

32

Užik, Martin. "Berücksichtigung der Informationsunsicherheitsprämie im Capital Asset Pricing Model /." Lohmar ; Köln : Eul, 2004. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=012826721&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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33

Cheng, Enoch. "Connections between no-arbitrage and the continuous time mean-variance framework." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1836268281&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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34

Morscheck, Justin David. "Overreaction in trading : evidence from the intraday trading of SPDRs /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1461538.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2008.
"December, 2008." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 23-24). Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2009]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. Online version available on the World Wide Web.

35

Cândido, Maria Teresa. "Financial market liquidity, asset pricing, and financial crises /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9914068.

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36

Yuen, Moon-chuen. "An empirical test of the arbitrage pricing theory in the Hong Kong stock market /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12317664.

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37

Spurway, Kayleigh Fay Nanette. "A study of the Consumption Capital Asset Pricing Model's appilcability across four countries." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013016.

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Historically, the Consumption Capital Asset Pricing Method (C-CAPM) has performed poorly in that estimated parameters are implausible, model restrictions are often rejected and inferences appear to be very sensitive to the choice of economic agents' preferences. In this study, we estimate and test the C-CAPM with Constant Relative Risk Aversion (CRRA) using time series data from Germany, South Africa, Britain and America during relatively short time periods with the latest available data sets. Hansen's GMM approach is applied to estimate the parameters arising from this model. In general, estimated parameters fall outside the bounds specified by Lund & Engsted (1996) and Cuthbertson & Nitzsche (2004), even though the models are not rejected by the J-test and are associated with relatively small minimum distances.

38

Limkriangkrai, Manapon. "An empirical investigation of asset-pricing models in Australia." University of Western Australia. Faculty of Business, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0197.

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[Truncated abstract] This thesis examines competing asset-pricing models in Australia with the goal of establishing the model which best explains cross-sectional stock returns. The research employs Australian equity data over the period 1980-2001, with the major analyses covering the more recent period 1990-2001. The study first documents that existing asset-pricing models namely the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and domestic Fama-French three-factor model fail to meet the widely applied Merton?s zero-intercept criterion for a well-specified pricing model. This study instead documents that the US three-factor model provides the best description of Australian stock returns. The three US Fama-French factors are statistically significant for the majority of portfolios consisting of large stocks. However, no significant coefficients are found for portfolios in the smallest size quintile. This result initially suggests that the largest firms in the Australian market are globally integrated with the US market while the smallest firms are not. Therefore, the evidence at this point implies domestic segmentation in the Australian market. This is an unsatisfying outcome, considering that the goal of this research is to establish the pricing model that best describes portfolio returns. Given pervasive evidence that liquidity is strongly related to stock returns, the second part of the major analyses derives and incorporates this potentially priced factor to the specified pricing models ... This study also introduces a methodology for individual security analysis, which implements the portfolio analysis, in this part of analyses. The technique makes use of visual impressions conveyed by the histogram plots of coefficients' p-values. A statistically significant coefficient will have its p-values concentrated at below a 5% level of significance; a histogram of p-values will not have a uniform distribution ... The final stage of this study employs daily return data as an examination of what is indeed the best pricing model as well as to provide a robustness check on monthly return results. The daily result indicates that all three US Fama-French factors, namely the US market, size and book-to-market factors as well as LIQT are statistically significant, while the Australian three-factor model only exhibits one significant market factor. This study has discovered that it is in fact the US three-factor model with LIQT and not the domestic model, which qualifies for the criterion of a well-specified asset-pricing model and that it best describes Australian stock returns.

39

Carter, Bradley. "Capital asset pricing model (CAPM) applicability in the South African context and alternative pricing models." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/52363.

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The ability to accurately price equity is an ineluctable requirement within businesses where decisions need to be taken daily that impact upon the future viability of that business. The Capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is the preeminent tool that has become entrenched within academia and business for exactly the purpose of costing equity capital. This study aimed to prove whether the application of the CAPM, in various forms, including the Black s CAPM, was merely a myopic inculcation of the academic and business spheres, or whether it truly reflected the empirical reality of the South African markets. The research discredited eight variations of the CAPM through a quantitative causal design, which employed t-tests and ANOVAs, tested upon a judgmental sample of the largest 160 shares on the JSE. Reaching this opprobrium would have been a Pyrrhic victory, had an alternative model not been proposed. Thus, a quartet of styles was employed in tests against both non-resource and resource shares in an attempt to generate two multi-factor models known as the Optimised Returns Score (ORS) combined models. The generated model for the non-resource shares explained 36.5% of the variation in the observed cost of equity capital, at a 95% level of significance. However, a statistically significant predictive model for resource shares was unable to be found, possibly due to the small sample size available.
Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
sn2016
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted

40

Sagi, Jacob S. "Partial ordering of risky choices : anchoring, preference for flexibility and applications to asset pricing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/NQ56611.pdf.

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41

Galagedera, Don U. A. "Investment performance appraisal and asset pricing models." Monash University, Dept. of Econometrics and Business Statistics, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5780.

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42

Bailer, Heiko Manfred. "Robust estimation of factor models in finance /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8985.

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43

Guo, Xu. "Fractional differential equations for modelling financial processes with jumps." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/192.

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The standard Black-Scholes model is under the assumption of geometric Brownian motion, and the log-returns for Black-Scholes model are independent and Gaussian. However, most of the recent literature on the statistical properties of the log-returns makes this hypothesis not always consistent. One of the ongoing research topics is to nd a better nancial pricing model instead of the Black-Scholes model. In the present work, we concentrate on two typical 1-D option pricing models under the general exponential L evy processes, namely the nite moment log-stable (FMLS) model and the the Carr-Geman-Madan-Yor-eta (CGMYe) model, and we also propose a multivariate CGMYe model. Both the frameworks, and the numerical estimations and simulations are studied in this thesis. In the future work, we shall continue to study the fractional partial di erential equations (FPDEs) of the nancial models, and seek for the e cient numerical algorithms of the American pricing problems. Keywords: fractional partial di erential equation; option pricing models; exponential L evy process; approximate solution.

44

Yuen, Moon-chuen, and 袁滿泉. "An empirical test of the arbitrage pricing theory in the Hong Kong stock market." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31263513.

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45

Elshqirat, Mohammad Kamel. "Multifactor Capital Asset Pricing Model in the Jordanian Stock Market." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5186.

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A valid and accurate capital asset pricing model (CAPM) may help investors and mutual funds managers in determining expected returns and thus, may increase profits which can be reflected on the community resources. The problem is that the traditional CAPM does not accurately predict the expected rate of return. A more accurate model is needed to help investors in determining the intrinsic price of the financial asset they want to sell or buy. The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the single-factor CAPM and then develop and test the validity of a multifactor CAPM in the Jordanian stock market. The study was informed by the modern portfolio theory and specifically by the single-factor CAPM developed by Sharpe, Lintner, and Mossin. The research questions for the study examined the factors that may explain the variation in the expected rate of return on stocks in the Jordanian stock market and the relationship between the expected rate of return and factors of market return, company size, financial leverage, and operating leverage. A causal-comparative quantitative research design was employed to achieve the purpose of the study by testing the listed companies on the Amman stock exchange (ASE) for the period from 2000 to 2015. Data were collected from the ASE database and analyzed using the multiple regression model and t test. The results revealed that market return, company size, and financial leverage are not predictors of the expected rate of return while operating leverage is a predictor. The results of this study may contribute to positive social change by changing the way the individual investors and mutual funds managers select their investing portfolios which can lead to better resource distribution in the economy.

46

Hotz, Pirmin. "Das capital asset pricing model und die Markteffizienzhypothese unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der empirisch beobachteten "Anomalien" in den amerikanischen und anderen internationalen Aktienmärkten /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1989. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00150730.pdf.

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47

Asalya, Dawoud, and Awais Shah. "Testing the Capital Asset Pricing Model on the Karachi Stock Exchange." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-21617.

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48

Bjorheim, Jacob. "The epistemological value of the consumption based capital asset pricing model." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/939/.

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The thesis is a philosophical analysis of the consumption based capital asset pricing model (CCAPM), investigating in particular its epistemological and methodological foundations. Financial markets are integral parts of advanced and developing economies. They matter because they channel unspent household income into banks’ savings accounts and assets such as bonds and stocks. Financial economists have traditionally taken interest in the pricing mechanism that underlies this capital allocation. The consumption based capital asset pricing model (CCAPM) is a prominent effort to describe, explain and predict such prices. It tells a story of investors’ trade-off between consumption now and later and which portfolio of assets to hold. The CCAPM based narrative intuitively makes sense, and the chosen methodology involving theoretical assumption, mathematical models and empirical tests follows the professions’ standards of good scientific practise. But does CCAPM’s research programme provide knowledge for use? My thesis seeks to answer this question in a novel way. Instead of embarking on yet another asset pricing research project, I let Philosophy of Science inform my analysis. Following a “primer” introducing essential CCAPM topics and notations, I discuss, in turn, its theoretical foundation, mathematical model, and empirical test results from a philosophy of science perspective. I find that a few fundamental principles and several auxiliary assumptions combine to develop a simplified, partial and idealized theory of investors, financial markets and assets. The model reflects and represents this theory but also makes narrow claims that are distances away from the real situations they target. Unsurprisingly, ideal model assertions fail standard statistical tests of significance. I conclude that mathematical deductive modelling rooted in orthodox, a priori based fundamental principles create ideal and fictional settings that limit their scope and portability. The development of even more granular models within this orthodox paradigm that searches for “event regularities” will not render the desired knowledge for use. The real situations are possibly too complex to be captured in simplified assumptions, ideal theories and mathematical structures. Novel methodological and ontological approaches to asset pricing are in demand. Hence, claims about tendencies in the real data might replace the current focus on point-forecasts.

49

Messner, Bryce Jaden. "Investing in United States Farmland: A Capital Asset Pricing Model Analysis." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31635.

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This study examines the risk and returns to owning United States farmland. State, regional, and national farmland returns from 1998 to 2018 are analyzed via the capital asset pricing model. Results show that farmland may be an effective route of investment portfolio diversification due to its favorable returns and low correlation with other commonly held assets. This study’s findings are generally consistent with similar research conducted in the past.

50

Tymoigne, Eric Wray L. Randall. "Central banking, asset prices, and financial fragility what role for a central bank? /." Diss., UMK access, 2006.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Economics and Social Sciences Consortium. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2006.
"A dissertation in economics and social sciences." Advisor: L. Randall Wray. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Dec. 19, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 422-452). Online version of the print edition.

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