Дисертації з теми "Cancer – Soins médicaux"
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Chauvin, Pauline. "Evaluating health expenditures with cost-effectiveness analysis : foundations, methods and application to colorectal cancer mass screening." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1G011.
Повний текст джерелаThe on-going growth of medical expenditures in most countries has strengthened the interest for economic evaluations of health care programmes. This thesis questions the extent to which and how Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) can be used to evaluate health care expenditures. CEA is defined as the methodological approach valuing consequences of allocation of resources with non-monetary units. More specifically, it is used to assess alternative mass screening strategies for Colorectal Cancer (CRC) in France. Even though CEA is currently the reference in health care assessment, its theoretical foundations are not definitely settled. In the first part of this thesis, three potential normative frameworks for CEA are considered, namely welfare economics, the capability and extra-welfarist approaches. Then in a second part, the methodology enabling to properly use CEA is examined. Eventually, two CEAs are implemented to assess alternative mass screening strategies for CRC in France. The potential contribution of Computed Tomography Colonography (CTC) to CRC mass screening is considered. A Markov model is elaborated in order to compare CTC with guaiac and immunological fecal occult blood tests. The first test is currently used in France for the mass screening campaigns while the second one is likely to replace it
Maurel, Jean. "Apport des registres de cancer à l'évaluation des pratiques de soins en cancérologie : à propos du cancer colorectal." Caen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CAEN3097.
Повний текст джерелаTraoré, Sory. "Estimations non-paramétriques de coût médical et d'incidences d'événements cliniques : application à l'évaluation médico-économique d'un dépistage pré-thérapeutique des toxicités du 5-fluorouracile." Angers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967957/fr/.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with non parametric estimation methods of medical cost and of incidences of clinical events that generate it. Such statistical analysis methods already exist but they are sometimes misused due to the bias induced by the data when encountering censorship, recurence of interest events, and competitive risks. The choice of a correct statistical method of estimation is generally an issue within such a context. In a first part, we have studied the statistical methods that are usually used but none was defined at a sufficient general level to take into account all the classical situations. So, in a second time, we have developped a "multi-state" framewok of non parametric approaches allowing to estimate both the medical cost and the incidences of the events that generate it when in presence of all these situations. The properties of the estimators, in terms of bias and asymptotic behavior have been then studied. Finally, all the methods that were studied and developped have been applied to a real case: the medical and economical evaluation of the pre-treatment screening of the toxicities for the 5-fluorouracile that has been set up by the research teams of the Laboratoire d'Oncopharmacologie and INSERM U892 of the Centre Paul Papin d'Angers. This study has showed that this pre-treatment screening could lead to a significant reduction of the major and lethal toxicities which takes place during the first two cycles of the treatment that uses the 5-FU. Moreover, the supplementary cost that it induces could be significantly inferior to the cost of the toxicities that it helps to avoid, whatever type of economical study is considered
Barbaret, Cécile. "Détresse financière en phase palliative chez les patients atteints de cancer : vers une approche structurée des coûts de la fin de vie Financial distress in patients with advanced cancer Inequalities in financial distress, symptoms and quality of life among patients with advanced cancer in France and the United States of America The association between palliative care team follow-up and aggressiveness of cancer care near the end of life. Research Protocol on Early Palliative Care in patients with acute leukaemia after one relapse." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2019GREAS022.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаConcerns about costs of the palliative phase in patients with cancer has emerged. Beyond usual measures to control health expenses other ways involving clinical, teaching and research might impact costs of the palliative phase and health expenses.Methods:Association between financial distress and lower quality of life was highlighted. In order to improve patients’ quality of life, focusing on costs and financial distress seems necessary. Other studies especially one concerning aggressive cancer care near the end of life were made. Those criteria could be one source of health expenses and alteration of quality of life.Discussion: Collaboration, anticipation, quality of professionals training programs and palliative care research development are all possible solutions which could lead to decrease health expenses. In literature no study focusing on all type of cost during the palliative phase was made. All this work leads to a new research protocol concerning palliative phase costs among patients with cancer.Conclusion: Understanding specific cancer expenses for patients and their families is undoubtedly important for quality of life. Concerning a more global approach, health consumptions and quality of collaboration are possible ways to improve quality of life while respecting the individual and the collectivity. Death is inevitable but our way to die is not. Clinics, research and teaching are the three axes to focus on
Lejeune, Catherine. "Analyse coût-efficacité du dépistage de masse du cancer colorectal en France : utilisation d'un modèle de simulation." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOMU04.
Повний текст джерелаMolinier, Laurent. "Les analyses économiques dans la prise en charge des cancers : évaluation et modélisation des coûts application au cancer bronchopulmonaire." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30054.
Повний текст джерелаIn France, approximately 28 000 cases of lung cancer are diagnosed each year. This work provides new information on the evaluation and the modelling of costs of this pathology. We summarized the state of the knowledge and the reflections currently led in the fields of the economic evaluation of healthcare programs and their modelling. This aim of this work was to evaluate the costs of managing patients with lung cancer in France. Markov chains built on the different management phases were developed. This type of modelling constitutes an inexpensive tool for simulation and very instructive in its educations, particularly for understanding of the consequences of this disease. This thesis also aimed at analyzing the methodological characteristics of the studies estimating the cost of this pathology. A supplementary effort is to be realized in the field of the methodological validation
Méthy, Nicolas. "Identification et évaluation des critères de substitution en cancérologie digestive." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOMU04.
Повний текст джерелаOverall survival is the gold standard endpoint in phase III cancer clinical trials. Its evaluation may require long follow-up. The use of surrogate endpoints allows to reduce trial duration. A surrogate endpoint is expected to predict treatment effect on the clinical endpoint of interest. Two statistical methods have been proposed to evaluate a surrogate endpoint. The first one consists in estimating the proportion of treatment effect explained by the surrogate. The second one is a meta-analytical approach consisting in calculating the correlation between treatment effects on each endpoint. To date, few surrogates have been validated in digestive oncology. A questionnaires survey among clinicians and methodologists allowed to draw up an ordered list of potential surrogates, candidate for statistical evaluations. Best rated endpoints were disease-free survival and progression-free survival in association or not with quality of life. In neo-adjuvant rectal cancer trials, pathological parameters are early indicators of treatment effect. Their surrogacy was evaluated in the FFCD 9203 trial. Single-trial analyses did not validate these parameters as surrogate endpoints for overall survival or local control. Pooled analyses with the EORTC 22921 trial confirmed these results. Preliminary analyses using the meta-analytical technique have suggested that progression-free survival could be surrogate for overall survival
Borie, Frédéric. "Prise en charge et surveillance du cancer colo-rectal : analyses médico-économiques et décisionnelles." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10262.
Повний текст джерелаCaupenne, Odile. "Coût médical des épithéliomas cutanés de la face : évaluation au C.H.R. de Bordeaux." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M104.
Повний текст джерелаDudouet, Philippe. "Influence de la lymphographie pédieuse bilatérale sur les résultats thérapeutiques et le pronostic des cancers du col utérin traités par radiothérapie exclusive : à propos de 90 cas comparés à une population témoin analogue à lymphographie non positive." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR23024.
Повний текст джерелаArrossi, Silvina. "L'Impact socio-économique du cancer et son influence sur l'observance du traitement." Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/arrossi_s.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis was to measure the social and economic impact borne by families of cervical cancer patients in Argentina, and to analyze whether this impact had an influence on radiotherapy compliance. 120 patients treated with radiotherapy in a hospital in Buenos Aires between october 2002 and march 2004 participated in the study. They were personally interviewed about the impact of cancer in relation to employment, income, education, access to health care services, consumption patterns and finances. Supplementary information about the patient health coverage and demographic, social and economic conditions of the household was requested, as well as tumour-related information and treatment completeness. The study showed that an important proportion of families faced work disability, loss of income, and reduced attendance to school. The loss of income and illness-related expenses have important consequences on family finances, such as a reduction of the daily consumption of food, the use of savings or the sale of properties, and delay in the payment of essential services such as electricity, telephone or heating. Having a family member that stopped working and having a family member with reduced school attendance, increased the risk of non-compliance with radiotherapy. This thesis shows that to improve quality of life and treatment compliance of cervical cancer patients specific measures to reduce the socio-economic impact of cancer need to be implemented
Verboux, Dorian. "Variabilités des pratiques et inégalités d’accès aux soins en France : le cas de la cancérologie." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0065/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis addresses several issues: on the one hand we focus on medical practice variations; one the other hand we examine determinants of social and spatial inequalities in access to care for individuals with cancer.In recent years, high practice variations are noted by health public authorities. The first chapter wonders about the determinants of variations in the use of prostatectomy as prostate cancer management. Results indicate a strong positive influence of supply-side factors in both régions and départements.Reducing social inequalities in access to care is also achieved thanks particular scheme as the LTI system. The second chapter focuses on the determinants of health care utilization, i.e. GP and specialist physicians. For those, we differentiate between visits related (or not) to LTI conditions. Concerning GP visits, individuals with lower socio-economic status tend to have greater GP visits. Regarding specialist visits, results point out a clear influence of financial factors, especially for non LTI-related visits.Finally, since 2004 organized breast cancer screening program invites all women 50-74 to be screened. The aim of this chapter is to examine the potential influence of supplied-side factors (GP and specialist physician density) on the use of organized cancer screening in France between 2005 and 2012. Results show that a higher GP density is associated with higher screening rates. On the contrary, a higher specialist density tends to diminish the participation rate to organized screening. Results also underline the presence of a spatial effect which means that neighboring behavior in terms of cancer screening has an impact on the cancer screening rate in the observed area
Castelli, Christel. "Modèles semi-markoviens et méthodes de régression dans les analyses de coût-efficacité : application au cancer colo-rectal." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON1T028.
Повний текст джерелаBarlesi, Fabrice. "Evaluation de la santé perçue en oncologie thoracique : place dans l'aide à la décision." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20681.
Повний текст джерелаLung cancer is associated with a poor prognosis. Efforts included a the “Plan Cancer” are done to improve patients survival and control treatment-related toxicities. In addition, patients have been clearly placed at the centre of health system. Then, besides classical quantitative assessment of treatments efficacy, qualitative measures have been initiated. Our works suggest that (i) doctors involved in thoracic oncology wish to include these measures into their practice, (ii) these measures provide additional information regarding post-operative course after thoracic surgery, (iii) a tool possibly influencing health perception might be represented by information delivered by doctors to patients, (iv) these measures are however not strictly related to the quality of health care
Soubeyran, Isabelle, and Nathalie Quenel. "Intérêts de l'immunohistochimie dans l'évaluation de la réponse à l'hormonothérapie néoadjuvante des cancers du sein : à propos de 208 cas de carcinomes canalaires infiltrants traités entre 1984 et 1990." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR23106.
Повний текст джерелаLorin, Jean-Louis. "Place et limites du toucher rectal et du scanner dans le bilan préopératoire des cancers du bas rectum." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR23083.
Повний текст джерелаBoisvert, Marie. "Soins ambulatoires en cancérologie : résultats d'une enquête de satisfaction menée auprès de 102 patients venus en soins ambulatoires à l'Institut Bergonié (mars 2000)." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2M059.
Повний текст джерелаHequet, Delphine. "Evaluation globale de la prise en charge des patientes présentant un cancer du sein opérable d’emblée : analyse médico-économique des parcours de soins, audit de qualité des soins, évaluation de la satisfaction des patientes et impact des nouvelles technologies dans les décisions thérapeutiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS010.
Повний текст джерелаBreast cancer is a frequent but heterogeneous disease. Therefore, there are multiple clinical pathways, of which the optimization is one of the objectives of the 3rd Plan Cancer. Three dimensions of the clinical pathways were analyzed through 2 multicenter prospective studies: quality, cost and psychosocial impact. Efficiency levers have been identified: to promote screening for breast cancer, to mimic the organization of comprehensive cancer centers, to better target patients benefiting from adjuvant chemotherapy by accessing tools innovations such as genomic tests. In a 3rd prospective study, the adjuvant chemotherapy decision was modified in 18% of the cases. Genomics enters routine in oncology. Clinicians must understand this discipline. The last part of this thesis reports the work carried out in genomics in breast cancer, at the stage of research on a gene coding for a protein with methyltransferase activity, PRDM15, promising in triple-negative breast cancers expressing androgen receptors
Zimban, Alain. "Evaluation de la couverture mammographique des femmes âgées de 50 à 72 ans dans le Libournais." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2M082.
Повний текст джерелаPerez-Ellis, Carole. "Apports et limites des analyses coût-efficacité dans le développement des innovations biomédicales : l'exemple du Trastuzumab dans le cancer du sein." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20714.
Повний текст джерелаGalvin, Angeline. "Accès aux soins et pronostic des personnes âgées atteintes d’un cancer : analyse des déterminants à partir de données issues de registres des cancers et de cohortes en Gironde." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0900/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe growing incidence of cancer associated to an aging population represents an epidemiologic reality that requires questioning access to care and prognosis in elderly with cancer, for which disparities have been highlighted. However, generally speaking, studies are limited in that they overlook geriatric-specific factors. The aim of this work was to study sociodemographic, socioeconomic and clinical determinants of access to care (cancer stage, cancer treatment) and prognosis (functional decline, survival) in elderly cancer patients. This research project has relied on data from cancer registries and three elderly cohort studies in the French department of Gironde (486 patients aged 65 and over from 2005 to 2014). The cohorts provided data such as education level, income, medication, dependency and dementia. Depending on the aim, we used different statistical methods to analyze different types of data and outcomes (logistic regression, multi-level model, multi-state model, Cox model). More than half of our population was aged 80 and over, male and had high education degrees. First, we studied determinants of access to care. No determinant of advance stage at diagnosis was found, but low education was close to significance for advanced stage (p=0.067). Concerning cancer treatment administration, advanced stage at diagnosis (p=0.003) and diagnosis of dementia (p=0.011) were associated with a lower risk of treatment administration. Second, we studied determinants of prognosis. Older old had higher risk of functional decline (p<0.001), regardless of the outcome. Subjects with low education (p=0.027), taking more than six daily drugs (0.047), presenting diagnosed dementia (p<0.001) or those with advanced cancer stage at diagnosis had higher risk of functional decline, results depending on outcome. At last, overall survival at 12, 24 and 36 months was 66, 55 and 48%, respectively. Risk of death was higher in men (p=0.019), in patients with advanced stage at diagnosis (p<0.001) or without treatment (p<0.001) in current and former smokers (p=0.019) and in dependent elderly patients (p<0.001). In addition to classical determinants of access to care and prognosis in cancer, we demonstrated the impact of cognitive impairment on treatment administration or functional prognosis, and that of dependency on survival. . It appears essential to consider geriatric specific factors in studies on the elderly with cancer population. The causality between health determinants is particularly interesting in the elderly as well as in the cancer populations
Vialard, Lucie. "Accès aux soins et parcours thérapeutiques du cancer du sein : l’exemple de la région Ile-de-France." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100130.
Повний текст джерелаBreast cancer is the most frequent cancer for women in France. It has now been demonstrated that the risk factors for reporting and dying from this cancer, for participating in screening and prevention programs as well as for accessing quality care, depend on social characteristics. The existence of geographical disparities in incidence, screening participation and mortality has also been documented, depending on where women live. The objective of this research is to analyse the construction of inequalities in access to care during the period of the breast cancer healthcare pathway, in the vast urban area of the region of Paris (France). This is the first research in health geography to simultaneously question the roles of the individual characteristics of women (recorded in the anonymized databases of the French Health Insurance) and the urban dynamics specific to their residential environment, in the genesis of the inequality process in the treatment of breast cancer. The results highlight spatial disparities in the treatment sequences of women treated for invasive cancer. Other disparities also exist for access to surgical innovation, out-of-pocket expenses and delays in access to adjuvant treatment. Finally, our results show the existence of geographical inequalities in access to supportive care and quality of life during the healthcare pathway of breast cancer, when women reside far from the care centre and are cared for the entire healthcare pathway in this hospital
Rotonda, Christine. "Qualité de vie et fatigue en cancérologie : cancer colorectal et cancer du sein." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10013/document.
Повний текст джерелаSince 2004, cancer is the leading cause of death in France. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is now considered an important endpoint in cancer clinical trials. To study the Quality of Life (QoL) of a group of patients affected by the same disease or receiving the same treatment and to make comparisons, standardized instruments and a well designed study are necessary and end in a statistical evaluation allowing a rigorous appreciation. We tried to approach these two points by a methodological work which consisted to test the psychometric properties of two French colorectal cancer (CRC) specific QoL questionnaires: the QLQ-CR38 and the FACT-C and by a thematic work with the development of a longitudinal study with invasive breast cancer (BC) patients (FATSEIN study).The first study confirmed the value of the FACT-C and suggested some limits of the QLQ-CR38 for patients with CRC. The purpose of the FATSEIN study was to identify factors associated with cancer-related fatigue before, during and after adjuvant treatment for invasive BC. Patients completed 3 questionnaires (fatigue, QoL and anxiety) at several times. Fatigue is considered like a major disturbing side effect. In addition, the impact of fatigue on QoL is considerable. So, it was important to take into account better this symptom which was neglected for a long time. These results, their implication in research and clinical practice are discussed
Le, Corroller-Soriano Anne-Gaëlle. "Apports et limites de l'évaluation économique des innovations biomédicales : l'exemple de la thérapie cellulaire en cancérologie." Paris 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA020048.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis studies how public economics tools (mainly the cost-benefit analysis) can be used for the evaluation of biomedical innovations and for the optimisation of their technological diffusion. In a first part, we discuss the main methodological questions of the application of different tools, based on the cost-benefit analysis, in the health care field, and more precisely on the field of biomedical innovations. In a second part, we present different empirical works about the economic evaluation of the peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. The pbpc transplantation is a major innovation in the field of cell therapy for the treatment of cancer. The empirical works try to illustrate the methodological questions raised in the first part. Our research programme leads to question the foundation of cost-benefit analysis and its relationship with cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses. The main interest of cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-utility analysis for our empirical work was to allowed early evaluations based on surrogate endpoints. Early economic evaluation can give early economic arguments that can be used in the decision making process of the adoption of an innovation. We show, with the example of pbpc transplantation that economic evaluation can interact with the diffusion of a biomedical innovation, if it is realised early in the development and diffusion process. The empirical works presented in this thesis were realised in the context of a very close collaboration with biologists and clinicians. We hope that the more general lessons coming from this experience will contribute to a reconciliation of economic analysis and medical practice
Alami, Omar. "Oxyde de graphène fonctionnalisés par des dendrons et dendrimères pour des applications en oncologie." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOU30086.
Повний текст джерелаGraphene, a monolayer of carbon atoms densely packed in a honeycomb lattice, was first isolated in 2004. In recent years, research on graphene and its derivatives has generated considerable interest in a wide range of research activities thanks to its interesting properties. The easiest and most versatile way to obtain graphene-based nanocomposites is to oxidize natural graphite to obtain graphene oxide (GO), a material with a surface rich in modifiable chemical functions. Graphene oxide nanocomposites have been synthesized for potential applications in electronics, energy storage, catalysis and sorption, gas storage, separation and detection as well as in the biomedical field. Dendrimers are particularly advantageous macromolecules for a very large number of applications in extremely varied fields. This interest resides essentially in their properties of cooperativity and multivalence, as well as in their very high capacity for encapsulation or fixing of small molecules, and this in a volume of nanometric size. This structural characteristic is the consequence of their unique branched architecture containing a central core and having many peripheral functions. Dendrimers are very interesting tools for the delivery of drugs and nucleic acids. In this work we will develop simple approaches to decorate the surface of graphene oxide with phosphorus dondron and dendrimers in order to create new hybrid materials with new properties. First, the synthesis of classical phosphorus dendrimers and of AB5 dendrons will be carried out, followed by the grafting of the different monomers on their surface. In parallel the preparation of graphene oxide (GO) as well as the modification of the GO surface with different methods will be carried out, and finally the grafting of the different dendrons on the platform of graphene oxide will afford new hybrid materials that will be biologically tested
Pousson, Jeanna-Eve. "Déterminants du recours au dépistage du cancer du col de l'utérus chez les femmes obèses The determinants of cervical cancer screening uptake in women with obesity : application of the Andersen's behavioral model to the CONSTANCES survey Patterns of gynaecological check-up and their association with body mass index within the CONSTANCES cohort." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS035.
Повний текст джерелаUsing data from the Constances cohort, this work allowed to better understand the cervical cancer screening (CCS) uptake amongst obese women by determining the precise role played by their health status and healthcare use, including primary care follow-up and gyneacological check-up. We highlighted that the health status of obese women played a complex role in their participation in CCS: it could be a barrier or a lever. Existing comorbidities were linked to better CCS. This is the result of a quality primary care monitoring but also probably of the woman’s desire to take care of her health. A severe obesity was linked to a lower participation in CCS, whether the woman visited a gynaecologist or not. The gynaecological check-up (characterized with gynaecological cancers screening uptake and visits to the gynaecologist over four years) was described among all women. While normal weight women were often more involved in overscreening, obese women’s gynaecological check-up was more heterogeneous. The differences in the patterns according to BMI were in part explained by the lower socioeconomic situation of obese women when compared to the other women
Boussemart, Lise. "Inhibiteurs de BRAF dans le traitement du cancer : Contribution à l’étude des mécanismes de résistance et des effets secondaires paradoxaux." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T102/document.
Повний текст джерелаBRAFV600- inhibitors, including vemurafenib, are efficient against tumors harboring this MAPK pathway activating mutation, which is the case of ~50% of melanomas. But most of the patients under treatment progress within a year, and develop paradoxical secondary tumors. Most resistance mechanisms to drugs that target the BRAF and/or MEK kinases in cancer rely on reactivation of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signal transduction pathway (ERK-dependent), on activation of the alternative PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway (ERK-independent) or on modulation of the caspase-dependent apoptotic cascade. All three pathways converge to regulate the formation of the eIF4F translation initiation complex that binds to the 7-methyl-guanine cap at the 5’ end of mRNAs, thereby modulating mRNA translation of specific mRNAs. We show here that persistent formation of the eIF4F complex, comprising the eIF4E cap binding protein, the eIF4G scaffolding protein and the eIF4A RNA helicase, is associated with resistance to anti-BRAF, anti-MEK and to anti-BRAF + anti-MEK combinations in BRAFV600- mutant melanoma, colon and thyroid cell lines. Unresponsiveness to treatment and maintenance of eIF4F complex formation is associated with either reactivation of MAPK signaling or absence of ERK-independent decreased phosphorylation of the inhibitory eiF4E binding protein 4EBP1 or increased pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 modifying factor (BMF)-dependent degradation of eIF4G. Development of an in situ method shows by proximity ligation assay (PLA) that the formation of the eIF4F complex is decreased in tumors responding to anti-BRAF therapy and increased in resistant metastases. Strikingly, inhibiting the eIF4F complex, either by blocking the eIF4E-eIF4G interaction or by targeting eIF4A with small compounds is synergistic with BRAFV600- inhibition. The other main problem arising during anti-BRAF treatment is the frequent induction of secondary cutaneous and extra-cutaneous tumors, through the formation of BRAF-CRAF dimers that we visualized in vivo for the first time. In conclusion, we have identified by PLA a novel biomarker of resistance against BRAF inhibitors, which is also a promising therapeutic target. Combinations of drugs targeting BRAF (and/or MEK) and eIF4F may overcome most of the resistance mechanisms arising in BRAFV600- cancers. In parallel, we established a BRAF-CRAF PLA method in paradoxical secondary tumors induced by BRAF inhibitors, leading to the identification of several subpopulations more at risk of developing this type of tumors
Hébert, Guillaume. "Développement d'un outil d'évaluation et de suivi de l’iatrogénie médicamenteuse en cancérologie : "Trigger Tool" Evaluating iatrogenic prescribing: Development of an oncology-focused trigger tool Development of a 'ready-to-use' tool that includes preventability, for the assessment of adverse drug events in oncology." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS430.
Повний текст джерелаCancer and its therapies are strong sources of adverse events (AEs) including those drugs related (ADE). Their causes are multiple, including co-morbidities, drug toxicity, polypharmacy, also human and organizational factors. In oncology, 3 phenomena are superimposed: a large number of drugs are at risk (narrow therapeutic index, risky administration), drug innovation is technical and frequent, and therapeutic protocols are complex. There is little data in the world and none in France about oncology iatrogenia. Many analysis methods of ADE exist but none fulfills the objective of continuous monitoring. The Trigger Tool seems to be the best candidate to develop a specific tool for these risks and the overall population. The aim of this thesis is to develop a Trigger Tool variant of evaluation and follow-up of the iatrogenic effects of medication in oncology
Lurkin, Antoine. "Pratiques médicales et référentiels en cancérologie, différentes méthodes d’évaluation : exemples du cancer du sein, du colon et des sarcomes." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10329.
Повний текст джерелаObservation is the basis of medical practice: clinical observation of the patient, epidemiological observation of a population, and so on… the analysis of practices observes the plurality of attitudes physicians take when they face a clinical situation. An acknowledged scientific fact given meets dozen of practical attitudes. The analysis of these practices describes their distribution and variations and try to explain the causes. In France, the daily clinical practice is still a sector on which few studied have been realized. If patients' characteristics can't explain variations, the causes of these variations may be found on the medical side. Medical practice variations can also be found in oncology, one of the studied domains. Causes of variations of practices in this domain can be numerous and linked to physicians, to their structures or to the region hospital care .policy. The postulate is that the harmonization of management and treatment of patients can act up on their survival. That is the reason why this work get interested in comparing the management of patients with frequent cancers (breast and colon) to rare cancers (sarcomas) in the Rhône-Alpes region. We showed, through prospective and retrospective studies, the role of a thesaurus and of its implementation in medical practices and their modifications. We have also developed a computing tool in decision-making algorithm form which could show if need be if some steps of clinical audit could be automated. The comparison between the assessment of medical practice made by an assessor or made thanks to the algorithms allowed us to conclude on the importance of reproducibility of decisions and on the contribution of the computerization of these processes. We also showed the necessity for tumours samples to be reviewed by an expert in a rare and difficult cancerous pathology. We could therefore specify the new incidence of sarcomas in the Rhône-Alpes region
Phung, Thi Thanh Tu. "Évaluation et modélisation de la qualité de vie des patients traités pour un cancer de la prostate." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON1T016.
Повний текст джерелаTreatments for prostate cancer "PCa" are almost equivalent in terms of survival; however,they can provoke different side effects affecting quality of life "QoL" patients. It is thereforeessential to assess on one hand the QoL of patients newly diagnosed with PCa as wells asthose newly diagnosed with a recurrence of PCa to know the quality of life associated witheach kind of treatment is and on the other hand to evaluate their utility scores by the methodof “ Standard Gamble”. We conducted a prospectively cohort study of 305 patients treated forPCa in the departments of Hérault and Gard. The study found that QoL of patients wasdifferent according to treatment modalities. Patients in the group "prostatectomy" had moresexual dysfunction and urinary incontinence. Patients in the group “radiotherapy" had morebowel dysfunction and symptoms related to hormone treatment. Symptoms related tohormonal disorders of PCa, sexual dysfunction, insomnia, urinary incontinence, and the sumof co-morbidities are significant predictors of utility score
Niemier, Jean-Yves. "Détermination et amélioration des critères décisionnels de prise en charge des personnes âgées atteintes de cancer." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0237.
Повний текст джерелаObjective : To identify changes in the decision-making criteria of general ractitioners and oncologists concerning the care of elderly cancer patients after one year of corrective measures for care practices in the Lorraine region, France. Methods : In 2014, a postal mail questionnaire was sent to all GPs and oncologists in the Lorraine region. This questionnaire was designed to identify physicians decision-making criteria. It was based on the results of a literature review and on existing guidelines. During one year, corrective measures were implemented to improve practices, especially training sessions for physicians and production of specific tools including a guide to the accepted ideas in geriatric oncology. In 2015, the same questionnaire was resent to the same medical population to compare the answers. We also performed a complementary qualitative study of general practitioners and elderly people in charge of oncogeriatric consultation. Results : In 2014, 535 questionnaires were returned out of 2925 sent and in 2015, 480 were returned out of 2987 sent. Our results show for the first time that there exists a significant difference in the overall decision criteria between the two survey periods. Physicians tend to consider the principal decision criteria to be less important after the training period. GPs and oncologists express the importance of the interval before care begins. The qualitative study confirms this data, with a need for training. Patients express significant satisfaction with their care pathway. Conclusion : Training and information sessions for physicians remain the most important tool for improving care practices. The analysis of our data makes it possible to further integrate the patient into the care path, which remains a public health issue in terms of cost and organization
Mobine, Faranak. "Prise en charge médicale, à domicile, du malade cancéreux : problèmes techniques et psychologiques." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11083.
Повний текст джерелаQuéreux, Gaëlle. "Apport d'un réseau de soins dans la prévention du mélanome." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT47VS.
Повний текст джерелаThe incidence of melanoma has risen dramatically so prevention became a priority in Public Health. Primary prevention is based on programs to reduce sun exposure of the population. Early detection is also promoted. To campaign for melanoma prevention we created in 2001 a network called "Réseau Mélanome Ouest". We realised 3 prospective studies. The first one concerned the impact of an educational program on both children's knowledge and behaviour towards the sun, comparing the answers to a control group in which the children did not receive any education al program about sun protection. The program had a beneficial effect on the child's knowledge persisting at least few months but had no impact on his behaviour toward the sun. The second one evaluated the impact of a campaign to train 210 general practitioners about early detection of melanoma. 36 of the doctors stated that they had detectee melanomas since the training over a median period of 27 months (2 to 39 months). The Breslow index of the melanomas detected ranged from 0. 16 to 4 mm ( median of 0. 65mm). The third one consisted in a targeted screening to identify high risk melanoma subject and to propose them a skin screening. So we created a self-administrated questionnaire for people to en able them to assess their own melanoma risk factors. We tested the validity of this questionnaire in a large prospective study: the answers given by the subject were systematically checked by his or her general practitioner. Then we realised a case-control study based on this questionnaire to identify the strongest risk factor and find a combination of the risk factors to distinguish between melanoma patients and cases
Hoarau, Hélène. "De l'hôpital à la famille : vivre le soin : étude anthropologique sur le vécu du soin de femmes atteintes d'un cancer gynécologique en curiethérapie ambulatoire." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21306.
Повний текст джерелаCancer creates a rupture in life. It has a direct impact on patients' interactions : from hospital to their family links. When cancer is gynaecological, women are affected in their physical integrity, their intimacy, their sexuality. . . Caring can become problematic. What implies in fact the patient-doctor interaction in front of intimacy? Through an anthropological research, women were followed during ambulatory gynaecological brachytherapy (internal treatment by rays of this type of cancer). From their first session of treatment to consultations after care, how the patients live this particular care? What makes sense for them? Finally, the care experience of women seems the overlap of spacial, temporal, relational and information factors and needs. Then, which outcomes can the medical team consider for meeting patients' needs? Which role can play an anthropology at hospital there?
Marchandeau-Surugue, Pascale. "Rôle du vécu de la maladie dans l'évolution du cancer du sein : suivi médical, entretien psychologiques individuels et groupes de parole." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05H011.
Повний текст джерелаProspective, exploratory, longitudinal, 4,5 year long study on cancer life experience involving 36 female breast-cancer patients, at different stages of the disease, conducted on patients undergoing semi annual follow up medical visits, participating in several individual psychological sessions and monthly group meetings : for 16 women, cancer remained "an accident to be forgotten". For 14 women cancer "triggered a personal search" to express previously unknown pain. To 6 women cancer became a "meaning-bearing event". They transformed this ordeal into a personal growth experience. Their prognosis improved, in comparison with relevant statistical data
Scotté, Florian. "Description et évolution de l'organisation entre les phases curatives et palliatives autour des soins et de la iatrogénie : Les soins de support en cancérologie." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T055.
Повний текст джерелаThe management of a cancer patient requires, to the caregivers, finding the best antineoplastic therapy in combination with support involvement from the diagnosis to the stage after cancer or death. During the course of care, patient and family will be confronted with different teams, different visions and different treatment approaches of their care. The work presented starts threw an analysis of French organizations of supportive care and management of iatrogenic effects due to three main types of symptomatic therapeutics: erythropoietins, bisphosphonates and opioids. Based on this photograph of accompanying cancer care, the development in an institution of an health care will be presented for ambulatory management of day hospital for chemotherapy administration, until full hospitalization in a pilot unit. The link, the differences and complementaries between the teams in curative and palliative phases will be discussed to define the role and importance of the overall look and unifying supportive care in oncology
Pujol, Nicolas. "Spiritualité et cancérologie : enjeux éthiques et épistémologiques d’une intégration." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05D015/document.
Повний текст джерелаA new question has arisen in the medical literature recently: must spirituality be included as a specific dimension in the care system? If several scholars arrive at a consensus in favour of this integration, considerable ethical and epistemological worries have to be expressed. This thesis in medical ethics and religious studies critically analyses this phenomenon, more specifically in the context of oncology. Our main concern is to discuss the different arguments given in medical literature justifying the necessity to develop spiritual care. In doing so, we discovered that the patients’ point of view is never taken into account, posing the question: for which reasons patients with advanced cancer would (or would not) expect spiritual care from the hospital? In response, we interviewed 20 patients undergoing treatment in a French hospital, using a semi directive methodology. Results show that patients do not expect spiritual care from the hospital but wish to be recognised as human beings and not only as “patients”. Data invites us to consider the integration of spirituality in the hospital through an ethic of recognition as opposed to an ethic of care
Lemonnier, Irawati. "Stratégies diagnostiques et qualité de vie en oncologie bronchopulmonaire - Programme d'évaluation de la TEP dans l'inter-région Grand-Est." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10001/document.
Повний текст джерелаBackground: The Positron Emission Tomography was installed in 2003 in the North-eastern region of France. Previous studies showed its diagnostic performance and its benefices in avoiding: surgical exploratory interventions proved to be unnecessary a posteriori (for example, thoracotomy or laparotomy with painful consequences), and certain complementary imaging tests or unnecessary functional explorations. Objectives : 1) to evaluate changes in diagnostic strategies of Solitary Pulmonary Nodule (SPN) and Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) induced by the implantation of PET in the Northeastern region of France ; 2) to mesure the impact of these changes on the health related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with SPN and NSCLC; and 3) to study the prognostic role of the HRQoL on the survival of patients with NSCLC.Methodes: An observational, prospective, multi-center design was applied. Two cohorts « Before (2001 - 2002) - After (2004 - 2005) » the PET implantation in the regions were settled up. Data collected included: patients' socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, the diagnostic tests and then treatments that were carried out during 6 months after the end of the diagnostic process. Two HRQoL questionnaires (the generic questionnaire SF-36 and the cancer specific one QLQ-C30) were distributed at 3 and 6 months after the end of the diagnostic process.Results:1) The number of diagnostic tests of patients with SPN decreased significantly from a mean of 4 in the before-PET to 3 tests in the after-PET period. Meanwhile, there was not any difference of the frequency of invasive tests considered unnecessary aposteriori for patients with benign SPN (47% before-PET versus 49% after-PET period). One year after its installation, the PET was used in 11 % of diagnostic strategies. In 7.7% of cases it was used after the bronchoscopy. 2) A comparison of the QoL with that of the French general population revealed that patients with SPN, whatever the diagnosis, benign or malignant, had worse mean scores (-8 to -32 points, p<0.001) compared to the general population with similar age and sex. A difference of 24, 30 and 32 points were observed in the "physical functioning", "emotional role" and "physical role" (p<0.001). The scores of patients with benign nodule were higher than those of malignant, especially on "social functioning", "physical role", and "emotional role" (+10, +14 and +18 points respectively, p=0.02 to 0.04). 3) Good scores on "physical functioning" of SF-36 (HR=0.78; CI=0.68 - 0.90; p<0.001) as well as "role functioning" of QLQ-C30 (HR=0.53; CI=0.59 - 0.89; p=0.003) were related to a better survival. Higher symptoms of constipation (HR=1.18; CI=1.005-1.38; p=0.04) in QLQ-C30 were associated to a worse one. While being a woman was associated to a better survival (HR=0.55 ; CI=0,33 - 0,94 ; p=0,04), the stage III and IV of the NSCLC was related to a lower one (HR=1,72 ; CI=1,16 ? 2,57 ; p=0,007) .Conclusion: The diagnostic strategies of SPN changed after PET was available for medical practice. This study showed the negative impact of SPN to patients' HRQoL. It indicates the domains in which health practitioners could interfere in order to improve the management of these diseases, because this study confirmed previous studies in pulmonary oncology, that patients' QoL is related to the survival
Rougé, Bugat Marie-Eve. "Place du médecin généraliste dans la nouvelle organisation des soins en cancérologie." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2628/.
Повний текст джерелаThe overall management of cancer patients requests general practitioners (GPs). GP takes part in prevention, screening, announcement and follow-up. Cancer patients' follow-up is divided into management of adverse effects of the disease and complications due to cancer itself. In Toulouse, the University Cancer Institute is about to open. Coordination between private practices and public hospital is key to ensure that all patients receive care and support from hospital bedside to home. Oncology and general practice will have to strengthen the ties and gain better understanding of eachother. The first part of the work is to explore the various phases of the diagnosis of cancer by GPs. The results indicate that the announcement of cancer is done in three phases: "pre-announcement " institutional announcement and "post-announcement". The second part is to investigate GP's role in informing patient and his family at the entry into palliative patients with lung cancer. 77% of patients saw their GP after the announcement of the initial diagnosis and 53 % expected prognostic information. GPs say they have difficulty in meeting the expectations of information for patients and their families in palliative situation. A third study was to understand the challenge for the GPs to identify older patients "frail" and "pre- frail". They are a target population can benefit from specific interventions to delay entry into dependency. These patients are at this stage, not yet seen by the geriatrician. Nearly a third of all cancers occur in people over 75 years. Walking speed has been tested and proved to be a decisive tool. In the fourth part, we developed sheets of adverse effects of anti-cancer chemotherapy and guidelines for GPs. The evaluation was conducted in three stages: collection of expectations, GPs opinion and sheets' utility. 200 GPs concerned with patients undergoing chemotherapy were interviewed. Over 70% have used them and found them useful. A draft alternate follow-up of patients with breast cancer in Midi- Pyrenees, fifth part of my thesis, was launched in 2010. The results of this prospective interventional study were obtained at the end of 2013. The monitoring model we proposed is disappointing. Oncologists adhere little device and GPs do not draw follow-up consultations systematically. Finally, in order to reduce inequalities between patient facing cancer, we developed a project to recognize cancer as occupational disease. This prospective and interventional project identifies these patients to rebuild their career (" Cursus Laboris ") and to assist in GP's approaches statement. All available records have been recognized as occupational disease. This thesis points out field actions that could improve cancer patient care. The main idea is to narrow the gap between oncology and general practice by putting GPs at the heart of french cancer care planning
Villeneuve, Laurent. "Impact d’un réseau national sur la prise en charge des tumeurs rares du péritoine." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1205/document.
Повний текст джерелаRare peritoneal malignancies (RPM) are extremely rare with annual incidence of 1 to 2 case/1,000,000 of the population per year depending types. Diagnostic and therapeutic management are complex and need specialized clinical skills associated to specific technical platforms. As part of the French cancer plan the national network for the treatment of rare peritoneal malignancies (RENAPE) has been organized including expert centres and cross-disciplinary healthcare issues to allow the patients to access to clinical expertise. After literature review of epidemiological data, the aim of this work is to evaluate the impact of the RENAPE healthcare organization on the clinical pathways of patients and to support the development of clinical practices in the management of RPM. A first study demonstrated the benefit of the RENAPE network to reduce the therapeutic management delays in cohort of peritoneal mesothelioma (PM). Then a second work reports the RENAPE initiative to standardize and homogenize the surgical procedures and therapeutic approach. A next study describes the epidemiological characteristic of the population from the RENAPE registry. Finally a fourth study analyzes the geographical distribution of RENAPE cohort and to evaluate the impact of the socioeconomic factors on the PM incidence. Based on the network approach, the RENAPE organization succeeded to structure a healthcare system with multidisciplinary integrated approach
Hervouet, Lucile. "Hôpital et médecine de ville face au cancer : Les enjeux de la coordination de la prise en charge des malades atteints de cancer au sein de réseaux de santé." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H042.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with the relationships between hospital and general practice, while caring for people suffering from cancer. It focuses on what is at stake in the coordination of these healthcare network actors. In order to clarify the process of formalization of coordination in cancer’s care system, we identified actor’s goals and causes of the convergence of their concerns. Firstly, we described the process of definition of coordination as a problem in the policy of fight against cancer and the selection of an instrument to solve this problem. Secondly, thanks to a qualitative and quantitative methodology, we understood the way “social actors” play with the coordination issue. We described perceptions and practices of patients, General Practitioners and Hospital Doctors and the conditions of subscription to formal health networks. The study showed that their subscription depends on symbolic and strategic variables
Huillard, Olivier. "Étude de la relation entre principe d'autonomie, objectif thérapeutique, et obstination déraisonnable en cancérologie : enjeux liés au discours médical et perspectives thérapeutiques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB207/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe patient-doctor relationship as evolved during the past decades toward a more important role of patients in medical decisions. In France, two laws were passed in the last ten years, reinforcing patients' autonomy at the end-of-life. In the same time, the improvement of medical capacities and abilities have created new situations. In some of them, all medical abilities are deployed leading to an artificial prolongation of life, with no clear benefit for the patient while toxicity can be unbearable. Oncology has particularly been concerned by this global evolution of medicine. Recent evolutions in treatments have raised a strong demand for life prolongation and cure. Nevertheless, most cancers when at the metastatic stage are incurable and fatal diseases. In this setting, the path from diagnosis to end-of-life implies numerous and important decisions for which different arguments can be balanced. Decision making in this context is often complex and difficult. International studies report a high level of aggressiveness in the end-of-life care of oncology patients. Moreover, this phenomenon has increased in the past years. The contrast is striking between, on the one hand the demand of the society translating into laws reinforcing the patients' rights at the end-of-life, and on the other hand the high level in the aggressiveness of end-of-life care. This contrast gives evidence of a persistent tension in the decision making process, including at the end-of-life. This tension is particularly important in oncology, where many decisions are to be made at the end-of-life. In this manuscript, following an ethical approach, we describe the setting of care in oncology and characterize an excessive aggressiveness in end-of-life care. The studies presented suggest resources to avoid or decrease this aggressiveness of care. First with advanced discussions, allowing to reinforce the role of patients in end-of-life decisions. Second with an integrated medicine approach, resulting in a limitation of the risk of error in the oncologist decision making process across incurable-cancer care. Finally, acting on the oncologist communication may reveal essential
Gasc, Bénédicte. "L'enfant hospitalisé en unité protégée : réflexions sur le travail du pédopsychiatre de liaison à partir du vécu des parents et des perceptions des soignants." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11115.
Повний текст джерелаVerot, Elise. "L’autonomisation du patient. : Vers une nouvelle approche de la prise en charge infirmière en cancérologie." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES035.
Повний текст джерелаIntroduction: French care system was built around the management of acute pathologies in the hospital. We understand the difficulty of integrating the management of chronic pathologies into the hospital, both in terms of its organization and the attitudes adopted by the care providers. However, for several years now, support for the commitment of patients to better empowering them has been a sought-after objective in the cancer care pathway. The importance of nursing care in this area no longer has to be proven today. At a time when France is reorienting its health policy towards prevention and the engagement of users in care pathways, and when the Universitarisation of nurses’ education process has been initiated, we wanted to ask ourselves about the drivers and levers for change as well as the obstacles and factors facilitating the patients’ empowerment in the cancer care pathway, under the focus of nursing research. Methods: In the context of 3 studies, practices and/or tools based on experimental approaches (Evidence Based Practice (EBP)) participating in supporting patient empowerment are implemented or questioned from the point of view of their acceptability, particularly in the daily practices of oncology nurses. These studies are implementation, real-life, interventional and multicentric research. The articles presented all report qualitative research, which uses an analysis tool, the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to study implementation problems. Results: Our research shows a major influence of caregivers, and particularly nurses, on the patient's ability to actively integrate their care continuum in Comprehensive Cancer Centers. The methodological implementation framework that we have adapted to French culture has enabled us to deploy a tailored intervention according to the contexts of the centers participating in PHRIP Paract. We have also been able to evaluate the multi-center implementation of a patient education program dedicated to cancer patients treated by oral anticancer therapy, as part of the PEPS Co project. The current culture and organization of nursing care, still very tinged with paternalism, attest to an approach focused mainly on disease and not under an individualized focus considering the patient as a whole. In addition, oncology nurses are not naturally committed to adapting their daily practices despite a changing environment. The methodology used allowed us in particular to identify the obstacles and factors facilitating a better transfer of EBP in oncology nursing care. Conclusion: These studies allowed us to draw up methodological recommendations to prepare the implementation of a change in nursing practices on the cancer care pathway promoting patient empowerment, as well as recommendations for the dissemination of a PE program dedicated to oral anticancer therapies