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Jovanović, Verica, and Tamara Naumović. "Main characteristics of the organized screening program for cervical cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer in the Republic of Serbia." Glasnik javnog zdravlja 95, no. 1 (2021): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gjz2101033j.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper aims to provide a descriptive, detailed review of the organized screening programs for cervical cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer in the Republic of Serbia. In this research, data from the Regulations on the National Program for Early Detection of Breast Cancer, Cervical Cancer and Colorectal Cancer were used, as well as published and unpublished data from the Institute of Public Health of Serbia. Screening for cervical cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer is carried out on the territory of the Republic of Serbia in the form of an organized decentralized program. Cervical cancer screening program encompasses women aged 25-64 years; the breast cancer screening program covers women aged 50-69 years; and the colorectal cancer screening program is offered to men and women aged 50-74 years. All three screening programs aim to cover at least 75% of the target population. The screening cycle for cervical cancer is three years, and for breast cancer and colorectal cancer, two years. The screening test used in the organized cervical cancer screening program is the PAP test; for breast cancer, the screening methodology relies on mammography; and for colorectal cancer, the screening program involves an immunohistochemical FOB test. Organized screening for cervical and breast cancers are offered through gynaecology specialists, while the organized screening for colorectal cancer is provided through the family physician, a medical doctor (or general medicine specialist) at the health centre. Organized cervical cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer screening programs represent a key activity at all levels of the healthcare system for early detection, prevention and reduction of mortality from malignant diseases. All programs are a part of continual healthcare activities in the Republic of Serbia, as a highly efficient cancer control strategy.
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Barlow, William E., Elisabeth F. Beaber, Berta M. Geller, Aruna Kamineni, Yingye Zheng, Jennifer S. Haas, Chun R. Chao, et al. "Evaluating Screening Participation, Follow-up, and Outcomes for Breast, Cervical, and Colorectal Cancer in the PROSPR Consortium." JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute 112, no. 3 (July 11, 2019): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djz137.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background Cancer screening is a complex process encompassing risk assessment, the initial screening examination, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of cancer precursors or early cancers. Metrics that enable comparisons across different screening targets are needed. We present population-based screening metrics for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers for nine sites participating in the Population-based Research Optimizing Screening through Personalized Regimens consortium. Methods We describe how selected metrics map to a trans-organ conceptual model of the screening process. For each cancer type, we calculated calendar year 2013 metrics for the screen-eligible target population (breast: ages 40–74 years; cervical: ages 21–64 years; colorectal: ages 50–75 years). Metrics for screening participation, timely diagnostic evaluation, and diagnosed cancers in the screened and total populations are presented for the total eligible population and stratified by age group and cancer type. Results The overall screening-eligible populations in 2013 were 305 568 participants for breast, 3 160 128 for cervical, and 2 363 922 for colorectal cancer screening. Being up-to-date for testing was common for all three cancer types: breast (63.5%), cervical (84.6%), and colorectal (77.5%). The percentage of abnormal screens ranged from 10.7% for breast, 4.4% for cervical, and 4.5% for colorectal cancer screening. Abnormal breast screens were followed up diagnostically in almost all (96.8%) cases, and cervical and colorectal were similar (76.2% and 76.3%, respectively). Cancer rates per 1000 screens were 5.66, 0.17, and 1.46 for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer, respectively. Conclusions Comprehensive assessment of metrics by the Population-based Research Optimizing Screening through Personalized Regimens consortium enabled systematic identification of screening process steps in need of improvement. We encourage widespread use of common metrics to allow interventions to be tested across cancer types and health-care settings.
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Kotzur, Marie, Colin McCowan, Sara Macdonald, Sally Wyke, Lauren Gatting, Christine Campbell, David Weller, Emilia Crighton, Robert J. C. Steele, and Kathryn A. Robb. "Why colorectal screening fails to achieve the uptake rates of breast and cervical cancer screening: a comparative qualitative study." BMJ Quality & Safety 29, no. 6 (December 26, 2019): 482–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2019-009998.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BackgroundIn Scotland, the uptake of clinic-based breast (72%) and cervical (77%) screening is higher than home-based colorectal screening (~60%). To inform new approaches to increase uptake of colorectal screening, we compared the perceptions of colorectal screening among women with different screening histories.MethodsWe purposively sampled women with different screening histories to invite to semistructured interviews: (1) participated in all; (2) participated in breast and cervical but not colorectal (‘colorectal-specific non-participants’); (3) participated in none. To identify the sample we linked the data for all women eligible for all three screening programmes in Glasgow, Scotland (aged 51–64 years; n=68 324). Interviews covered perceptions of cancer, screening and screening decisions. Framework method was used for analysis.ResultsOf the 2924 women invited, 86 expressed an interest, and 59 were interviewed. The three groups’ perceptions differed, with the colorectal-specific non-participants expressing that: (1) treatment for colorectal cancer is more severe than for breast or cervical cancer; (2) colorectal symptoms are easier to self-detect than breast or cervical symptoms; (3) they worried about completing the test incorrectly; and (4) the colorectal test could be more easily delayed or forgotten than breast or cervical screening.ConclusionOur comparative approach suggested targets for future interventions to increase colorectal screening uptake including: (1) reducing fear of colorectal cancer treatments; (2) increasing awareness that screening is for the asymptomatic; (3) increasing confidence to self-complete the test; and (4) providing a suggested deadline and/or additional reminders.
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Shi, Kewei Sylvia, Jessica Star, Jingxuan Zhao, Xuesong Han, and Robin Yabroff. "Association of health insurance coverage disruptions and breast, colorectal, and cervical cancer screening." JCO Oncology Practice 19, no. 11_suppl (November 2023): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/op.2023.19.11_suppl.116.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
116 Background: Health insurance coverage is critical for ensuring access to recommended health care in the United States. This study investigates the effects of insurance coverage disruptions on receipt of breast, colorectal, and cervical cancer screenings. Methods: We identified adults <65 years eligible for breast, cervical and/or colorectal cancer screening from the 2015, 2019, and 2021 National Health Interview Survey (years cancer control supplements fielded). Adults were categorized into 5 groups based on insurance type at survey and prior coverage disruptions (lack of insurance during prior 12 months): private, with and without disruption; public, with and without disruption; and uninsured. Screening outcomes included: 1) past-year screening and 2) guideline-concordant screening, defined from the US Preventive Services Task Force guidelines available at the time of each survey. Separate multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations of insurance coverage disruptions and cancer screening. Results: We identified 12,121 women aged 50-64 years eligible for breast cancer screening, 23,490 people aged 50-64 years eligible for colorectal cancer screening, and 33,391 women aged 21-64 years eligible for cervical cancer screening. Compared to people with continuous private or public coverage, people with coverage disruptions were less likely to receive past-year or guideline-concordant cancer screening (Table). People without health insurance coverage had the lowest level of screening. Among people with private coverage, disruptions were associated with lower guideline-concordant screening across all three cancer types in adjusted analyses (breast: AOR: 0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.32, 0.63); colorectal: 0.49 (0.39, 0.62); cervical: 0.70 (0.58,0.84)); among people with public coverage, disruptions were associated with lower guideline-concordant breast cancer screening (AOR: 0.39 (0.23, 0.65)). Conclusions: Health insurance coverage disruptions were associated with lower past-year and guideline-concordant breast, colorectal, and cervical cancer screening. Findings underscore the importance of stable health insurance coverage as part of a comprehensive approach to improve cancer screening rates and early detection of cancers when treatment is most effective.[Table: see text]
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Bowie, Janice V., Barbara A. Curbow, Mary A. Garza, Erin K. Dreyling, Lisa A. Benz Scott, and Karen A. Mcdonnell. "A Review of Breast, Cervical, and Colorectal Cancer Screening Interventions in Older Women." Cancer Control 12, no. 4_suppl (November 2005): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073274805012004s09.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although cancer-screening guidelines recommend periodic testing for women 50 years of age and older, these tests are underused. A search of databases identified 156 community-based breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening intervention studies published before April 2003. Most were conducted in the United States. More than half used randomization procedures or pre-post measures, and one third used both. Most reported significant intervention effects. Cervical and combined cervical and breast studies had higher rates of pre-post designs, and breast studies had the highest percentage using randomization. Although effective community-based breast and cervical interventions have been conducted, there is an urgent need for amplification of colorectal cancer screening.
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Zheng, Senshuang, Xiaorui Zhang, Marcel J. W. Greuter, Geertruida H. de Bock, and Wenli Lu. "Determinants of Population-Based Cancer Screening Performance at Primary Healthcare Institutions in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (March 23, 2021): 3312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063312.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: For a decade, most population-based cancer screenings in China are performed by primary healthcare institutions. To assess the determinants of performance of primary healthcare institutions in population-based breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening in China. Methods: A total of 262 primary healthcare institutions in Tianjin participated in a survey on cancer screening. The survey consisted of questions on screening tests, the number of staff members and training, the introduction of the screening programs to residents, the invitation of residents, and the number of performed screenings per year. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the determinants of performance of an institution to fulfil the target number of screenings. Results: In 58% and 61% of the institutions between three and nine staff members were dedicated to breast and cervical cancer screening, respectively, whereas in 71% of the institutions ≥10 staff members were dedicated to colorectal cancer screening. On average 60% of institutions fulfilled the target number of breast and cervical cancer screenings, whereas 93% fulfilled the target number for colorectal cancer screening. The determinants of performance were rural districts for breast (OR = 5.16 (95%CI: 2.51–10.63)) and cervical (OR = 4.17 (95%CI: 2.14–8.11)) cancer screenings, and ≥3 staff members dedicated to cervical cancer screening (OR = 2.34 (95%CI: 1.09–5.01)). Conclusions: Primary healthcare institutions in China perform better in colorectal than in breast and cervical cancer screening, and institutions in rural districts perform better than institutions in urban districts. Increasing the number of staff members on breast and cervical cancer screening could improve the performance of population-based cancer screening.
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Toyoda, Yasuhiro, Takahiro Tabuchi, Hitomi Hama, Toshitaka Morishima, and Isao Miyashiro. "Trends in clinical stage distribution and screening detection of cancer in Osaka, Japan: Stomach, colorectum, lung, breast and cervix." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): e0244644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244644.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We examined clinical stage distribution and proportion of screen-detected cases of stomach, colorectal, lung, female breast and cervical cancer by sex and age group using Osaka Cancer Registry data from 2000–2014. The proportion of local or in situ stage cancer had increased for all age groups in all sites, except stomach cancer in the 0–49 years group and female breast cancer in the 80 years and older group. The proportion of screen-detected cases had increased during the study period for all age groups in all cancer sites. While the proportion increased noticeably in the younger groups, there was only a slight increase in the older groups. Regarding stomach, colorectal and lung cancers, the proportion of local and in situ stage had similarly increased in the 65–79 years and 80 years and older age groups compared with younger groups, despite lower exposure to cancer screening. Regarding breast and cervical cancers, the increases in local and in situ cancer paralleled the increase in screen-detected cases. These findings suggest that the increases in early stage stomach, colorectal and lung cancers might be due not only to the expansion of screening programs but also the development of clinical diagnostic imaging or other reasons. The increases in local and in situ stage breast and cervical cancers seemed to be due to the expansion of screening. Continued monitoring of trends in cancer incidence by clinical stage may be helpful for estimating the effectiveness of screening.
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Zheng, Senshuang, Xiaorui Zhang, Marcel J. W. Greuter, Geertruida H. de Bock, and Wenli Lu. "Willingness of healthcare providers to perform population-based cancer screening: a cross-sectional study in primary healthcare institutions in Tianjin, China." BMJ Open 14, no. 4 (April 2024): e075604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075604.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ObjectiveTo evaluate the willingness of healthcare providers to perform population-based screening in primary healthcare institutions in China.MethodsHealthcare providers of 262 primary healthcare institutions in Tianjin were invited to fill out a questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics, workload, and knowledge of, attitude towards and willingness to perform breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening. Willingness to screen was the primary outcome. Multilevel logistic regression models were conducted to analyse the determinants of healthcare providers’ willingness to screen. ORs and 95% CIs were estimated.ResultsA total of 554 healthcare providers from 244 institutions answered the questionnaire. 67.2%, 72.1% and 74.3% were willing to perform breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening, respectively. A negative attitude towards screening was associated with a low willingness for cervical (OR=0.27; 95% CI 0.08, 0.94) and colorectal (OR=0.08; 95% CI 0.02, 0.30) cancer screening, while this was not statistically significant for breast cancer screening (OR=0.30; 95% CI 0.08, 1.12). For breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening, 70.1%, 63.8% and 59.0% of healthcare providers reported a shortage of staff dedicated to screening. A perceived reasonable manpower allocation was a determinant of increased willingness to perform breast (OR=2.86; 95% CI 1.03, 7.88) and colorectal (OR=2.70; 95% CI 1.22, 5.99) cancer screening. However, this was not significant for cervical cancer screening (OR=1.76; 95% CI 0.74, 4.18).ConclusionsIn China, healthcare providers with a positive attitude towards screening have a stronger willingness to contribute to cancer screening, and therefore healthcare providers’ attitude, recognition of the importance of screening and acceptable workload should be optimised to improve the uptake of cancer screening.
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Kelly, David Mark, Carla Estaquio, Christophe Léon, Pierre Arwidson, and Hermann Nabi. "Temporal trend in socioeconomic inequalities in the uptake of cancer screening programmes in France between 2005 and 2010: results from the Cancer Barometer surveys." BMJ Open 7, no. 12 (December 2017): e016941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016941.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ObjectivesCancer screening is a form of secondary prevention for a disease which is now the leading cause of death in France. Various socioeconomic indicators have been identified as potential factors for disparities in breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening uptake. We aimed to identify the socioeconomic inequalities, which persisted in screening uptake for these cancers, and to quantify these disparities over a 5-year period.SettingThe Cancer Barometer was a population-based-survey carried out in 2005 and 2010 in France.ParticipantsA randomly selected sample of participants aged 15–85 years (n=3820 in 2005 and n=3727 in 2010) were interviewed on their participation in breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening-programmes and their socioeconomic profile.Primary and secondary outcome measuresFor each type of screening programme, we calculated participation rates, OR and relative inequality indices (RII) for participation, derived from logistic regression of the following socioeconomic variables: income, education, occupation, employment and health insurance. Changes in participation between 2005 and 2010 were then analysed.ResultsParticipation rates for breast and colorectal screening increased significantly among the majority of socioeconomic categories, whereas for cervical cancer screening there were no significant changes between 2005 and 2010. RIIs for income remained significant for cervical smear in 2005 (RII=0.25, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.48) and in 2010 (RII=0.31, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.64). RIIs for education in mammography (RII=0.43, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.98) and cervical smear (RII=0.36, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.64) were significant in 2005 and remained significant for cervical smear (RII=0.40, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.74) in 2010.ConclusionsThere was a persistence of socioeconomic inequalities in the uptake of opportunistic cervical cancer screening. Conversely, organised screening programmes for breast and colorectal cancer saw a reduction in relative socioeconomic inequalities, even though the results were not statistically significant. The findings suggest that organised cancer screening programmes may have the potential to reduce socioeconomic disparities in participation.
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Nimrah Inam, Ayesha Hameed, Lubna Vohra, and Sana Zeeshan. "Recent Advancements in Gremlin-1: Breast cancer." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 73, no. 2 (January 25, 2023): S155—S159. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.akus-25.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the bone’s morphogenic protein (BMP) antagonists, Gremlin-1 or GREM-1, can bind directly to BMPs. GREM-1 can act in either BMP-dependent or -independent pathways, according to research. It reinforces organogenesis, tissue differentiation, and organ fibrosis. Recent research from numerous studies has demonstrated the significance of GREM-1 in the initiation, progression, and even metastasis of different cancers, including breast, cervical, gastric, and colorectal cancers. This review highlights the function of GREM-1 in the development of breast cancer and its effect on the cellular procedures and signalling pathways involved in carcinogenesis.
Keywords: Bone Morphogenetic, Carcinogenesis, Organogenesis, Colorectal Neoplasms, breast cancers, stem cells
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Hafeez, Sana, Asmat Mahmood, Rizwan Ullah Khan, and Naila Malkani. "Trends in Cancer Prevalence in Punjab, Pakistan: A Systematic Study from 2010 to 2016." Journal of Bioresource Management 7, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35691/jbm.0202.0133.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. However, in Pakistan, in the absence of a national cancer registry, it is difficult to predict the current status of cancer incidence. Therefore, a need was felt to design a study that can give a depiction of the prevalence of common cancer types and their relevance to the local population in the absence of a proper cancer registry system. In view of this, data was collected from 2010 to 2016 for breast, prostate, head and neck, cervical and colorectal cancer from the cancer hospitals and centres located all over Punjab, Pakistan. All the data were analysed to calculate prevalence percentage, gender-based incidence rate, crude rate, and Age-specific rate (ASR) for each cancer type. The results showed that breast cancer was the most common type and its prevalence showed a linear increase through the study period (P < 0.001). Breast cancer (6561) was followed by prostate (1183), head and neck (833), cervical (697) and colorectal cancer (531) in terms of prevalence. Gender-specific cancers like breast, prostate, and cervical were found to be more common as compared to others. In the case of head and neck and colorectal cancers, males were more susceptible as compared to females. There is a radical increase in cancer cases in the study area and the same could be extrapolated to the whole country. Therefore, for the appropriate and focused efforts to combat this increasing trend of prevalence, it should be constantly monitored, which leads to the recommendation of an effective cancer registry system in the country.
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Hirsch, EA, WE Zahnd, JM Eberth, and JL Studts. "Prevalence of USPSTF Recommended Cancer Screenings Among Individuals Eligible For Lung Cancer Screening: An Analysis of the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, no. 6 (June 1, 2023): 863–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0373.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: Lung cancer screening (LCS) with low dose CT (LDCT) is the newest cancer screening modality recommended by the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), and currently remains largely underutilized with uptake rates <20% among eligible individuals. As LCS continues to be integrated into routine public health practice, it is important to understand the context of cancer screenings among LCS-eligible individuals. The purpose of this study was to quantify rates of USPSTF recommended cancer screenings (lung, colorectal, breast, cervical) among LCS-eligible individuals. Methods: Data from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey were used to estimate weighted percentages of being up-to-date with USPSTF recommended cancer screenings among all individuals eligible for LCS using 2013 USPSTF guidelines using the eight states who included the optional LCS module (Delaware, Maine, Maryland, New Jersey, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, West Virginia). Rates were additionally calculated separately for individuals compliant and non-compliant with LCS. Cancer screening eligibility was defined by USPSTF guideline variables available in the BRFSS, and rates were calculated using LCS-eligible subsets that matched screening eligibility (i.e., ages <75 for colorectal and <65 for cervical). Results: The study sample included 2,793 LCS-eligible individuals. Among these individuals, 16.5% of men and 20.2% of women, reported having a LDCT within the past 12 months. Comparatively, 63.0% of LCS-eligible men were up-to-date for colorectal screening, and 65.9%, 71.7%, and 60.4% of LCS-eligible women were up-to-date on colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer screenings, respectively. Rates of being up-to-date for colorectal, breast, and cervical screenings were universally higher among women compliant with LCS compared to non-compliant with LCS, and significantly greater for colorectal screening among men compliant with LCS compared to non-compliant (84.5% vs. 58.9%, Wald P value = 0.003). Conclusions: Rates of colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer screenings are higher than LCS among individuals eligible for LCS, highlighting important opportunities to improve LCS and subsequently reducing lung cancer mortality.
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Zhao, Jing, Elizabeth Y. Chiao, Angela Liu Mazul, Ashish Deshmukh, Luis Malpica, Tejal Amar Patel, and Darya Aleksandrovna Kizub. "Cancer incidence in U.S. adolescent and young adult (AYA) women stratified by race/ethnicity and region." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): e18529-e18529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e18529.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
e18529 Background: Cancer incidence is higher in AYA women compared to men and is increasing. National trends by race/ethnicity and region for AYA women in the U.S. are needed to improve health care outcomes. Methods: Data about the top ten cancers 2001-2017, race/ethnicity, and 9 CDC divisions were extracted from US Cancer Statistics Public databases encompassing 99% of US population. Age-adjusted incidence and its annual percent change (APC) were generated using SEER*Stat and trends analyzed via joinpoint regression. All statistical tests were two sided. Results: The top ten cancers in AYA women were: breast (incidence of 26.7 per 100,000), thyroid (16.0), melanoma (11.5), cervical (8.8), colorectal (4.1), uterine (3.5), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (3.6), Hodgkin lymphoma (4.0), and leukemia (3.1). Hispanic women had the highest incidence of uterine and cervical cancer and leukemia. Incidence of breast and colorectal cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma was highest in NH Black. Thyroid and colorectal cancer, melanoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma incidences were highest in NH White. Incidence trends included: 1) rise in breast (APC 0.5%), uterine (2.9%) in 2001-2017, and colorectal cancer (2.2% 2001-2013; 6.7% 2013-2017); 2) thyroid cancer (APC 2.1-7.2%) 2001-2015; (-5.7%) 2015-2017; 3) melanoma (-1%) 2005-2017; 4) cervical cancer (-1.4%) 2001-2013; 5) non-Hodgkin lymphoma (-0.5%) in 2007-2017; 5) Hodgkin lymphoma (-0.9%) 2007-2017; 6) leukemia (2.4%) 2001-2012 (p < 0.05). Incidence trends by race/ethnicity included: 1) breast cancer rise in all groups except for NH Black; 2) thyroid cancer rise in all 2001-2015; fall in NH White 2015-2017; 3) melanoma fall in Hispanic and NH Other, rise in NH White 2001-2005); 4) cervical cancer decline in all, Hispanic 2001-2013; 5) colorectal and uterine cancer rise in all; 6) fall in non-Hodgkin lymphoma in NH Black 2005-2017; rise in NH Other; 8) fall in Hodgkin lymphoma in NH White; 7) ovarian cancer rise in Hispanic; 8) leukemia rise in all, NH black 2001-2015 (p < 0.05). Division incidence trends included: 1) breast cancer rise in New England and Middle Atlantic (APC 0.7%); 2) colorectal cancer rise in New England (3.5%) and Mountain (4%); 3) melanoma fall in West South Central (-1.1%); 4) cervix cancer fall in West South Central (-0.3%) and South Atlantic (-0.7%); 5) uterine cancer rise in East North Central (2.3%), South Atlantic (3.0%), and West South Central (4.3%); 6) non-Hodgkin lymphoma rise (0.54%) in Pacific; 7) leukemia rise in South Atlantic (2.4%) and West South Central (0.9%) (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Breast, colorectal, uterine cancer, and leukemia incidence rose in AYA women, while thyroid and cervical (2001-2013) cancer, melanoma and lymphoma incidence fell, with variation by race/ethnicity and division. Research to describe environmental, lifestyle, and healthcare/policy factors and correlate them with outcomes is an urgent unmet need to improve equity in cancer outcomes.
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K, Dr Latha. "Opportunities for medical college hospital to promote utilization of can-cer cervix screening services among rural women." JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 06, no. 2 (June 15, 2016): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.58739/jcbs/v06i2.9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The estimated global burden for new cases of uterine cervical cancer is 7.9% of all new cancer cases and 7.5% of all female cancer deaths. Globally cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women after breast, colorectal and lung cancer and in the WHO south east Asian region (SEAR) it is the second most common cancer after breast cancer
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Uchendu, Obiora Jude. "Cancer Incidence in Nigeria: A Tertiary Hospital Experience." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care 5, no. 1 (February 10, 2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjcc.2020.5.1.27-32.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Cancer is a poorly addressed major cause of morbidity and mortality in Nigeria.Aim: The study aims at analyzing the age, gender and topography of cancer in Delta State, Nigeria.Setting: The research was conducted in the State tertiary health care center, the major referral center in Delta State, Nigeria.Materials and Methods: This is a 6-year (2014-2019) descriptive retrospective study of all histologically diagnosed cancer cases in the department of Histopathology, DELSUTH.Results: Cancer accounted for 668 (28.9%) of the 2300 histologically diagnosed cases, involving 461 females and 207 males with mean ages of 48.40 and 54.14 respectively. The combined sex mean age and age range were 50.17 and 1-98 years respectively. The peak occurred in the 7th decade for males and the 6th decade for females. The most common cancers are breast (36.5%), colorectal (11.7%), prostate (8.1%) cervical (7.2), soft tissue (6%), non-melanoma skin (5.2%), ovarian (4%),metastatic (4%), gastric (2.6%), thyroid (1.8%), and salivary gland (1.4%) cancers. The peak incidence for breast and thyroid cancers; lymphomas; colorectal and cervical cancers; ovarian; and prostate cancers occurred in the 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th decades respectively.Conclusion: Cancer constitute a major disease burden, increases in incidence with age, and affects more females than males with breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers as most common cancers. Understanding the local epidemiological characteristic is fundamental to planning for proper preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Tsai, Meng-Han, Justin X. Moore, Lorriane Odhiambo, Sydney E. Andrzejak, and Martha S. Tingen. "Abstract A121: Colorectal cancer screening utilization among breast, cervical, prostate, skin, and lung cancer survivors." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, no. 1_Supplement (January 1, 2023): A121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp22-a121.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background: Advancement in cancer detection and treatment has improved survival rates leading to a growing population of cancer survivors, yet cancer survivors are at a 20% increased risk of developing a secondary cancer. Breast, cervical, prostate, and lung cancer survivors as well as malignant melanoma survivors have been reported an increased risk for developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Although receiving appropriate cancer screening for secondary cancers is recommended, evidence on CRC screening among different cancer survivors are lacking. Methods: We examined the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, access to care, risk behavior factors, and chronic health conditions in cancer survivors, with up-to-date CRC screening utilization (colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, fecal occult blood test) among breast, cervical, prostate, skin (including melanoma), and lung cancer survivors, using data from the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data and multivariable logistic regressions were applied to assess the association of these characteristics with up-to-date CRC screening use. Results: Among 9,780 cancer survivors included in the analysis, most were age 60-69 years, had first cancer at 41-59 years, were Non-Hispanic White, and had some college or college graduate education. Compared to CRC screening rates in breast, prostate, skin, and lung cancer survivors, cervical cancer survivors had a lower rate of screening at 65% (breast cancer: 82%, prostate cancer: 88%, skin cancer: 78%, and lung cancer: 80%). In multivariable analysis, breast, cervical, and skin cancer survivors aged ≥ 60 years were associated with higher odds of receiving CRC screening compared to adults aged 45-59 years (p-value <0.05). Respondents that had their last routine checkup two or more years prior, had lower odds of having CRC screening among cervical (OR=0.06; 95% CI, 0.02-0.22), prostate (OR=0.26; 95% CI, 0.14-0.49), and skin cancer (OR=0.50; 95% CI, 0.36-0.70) survivors. The presence of one or more chronic diseases were associated with higher odds of having up-to-date CRC screening among breast, prostate, and skin cancer survivors; however, lung cancer survivors with one or two chronic diseases exhibited lower odds of receiving CRC screening (OR=0.16; 95% CI, 0.04-0.61) compared to respondents without chronic disease. Conclusion: Findings from this study provide important evidence on factors that may be associated with up-to-date CRC screening use across different cancer survivors which include older age, routine checkup, and multiple chronic diseases. Moreover, variations of CRC screening utilization among cancer survivors may highlight missed opportunities for secondary cancer prevention. These findings will inform the importance of secondary cancer prevention in survivorship care plans for breast, cervical, prostate, skin, and lung cancer survivors and effective implementation of these plans through primary health care initiatives. Citation Format: Meng-Han Tsai, Justin X. Moore, Lorriane Odhiambo, Sydney E. Andrzejak, Martha S. Tingen. Colorectal cancer screening utilization among breast, cervical, prostate, skin, and lung cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A121.
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Mojica, Cynthia M., Daisy Y. Morales-Campos, Christina M. Carmona, Yongjian Ouyang, and Yuanyuan Liang. "Breast, Cervical, and Colorectal Cancer Education and Navigation." Health Promotion Practice 17, no. 3 (September 18, 2015): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839915603362.
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Vichapat, Voralak, Arunrat Hinon, Jittichai Boonaob, Pintumas Ukritanon, Banyong Meeniran, and Somsiri Pansaksiri. "Unveiling Cancer Burden: An Epidemiological Study in a Tertiary Cancer Center, Thailand." Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer 6, no. 1 (November 1, 2023): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjec.2023.6.1.39-48.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: Cancer is a significant health burden. This research describes the current state of cancer epidemiology and trends in a tertiary cancer center in Thailand. Materials and Methods: Data from Saraburi Hospital electronic medical records (SBH), Thai cancer based (TCB), Pathological data, and Saraburi Provincial Public Health Office (PPHO) were merged using identification numbers and birthdates, establishing Saraburi hospital-based cancer registry. Cancers were categorized according to ICD10. Population at risk was obtained from the Thai national census department. Prevalence was calculated by dividing cancer cases by population in each district. Cause-specific incidence rates (CIRs) and mortality rates (CMRs) were estimated for cancer types and gender. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and mortality rates (ASMRs) were calculated, weighting with 2020 Thai population data. Results: Between 2018 and 2022, 10,669 cases were identified in Saraburi province. Breast cancer was the most diagnosed cancer (17.6%), followed by colorectal (13.4%), lung cancer (7.8%), cervical cancer (5.9%), and liver cancer (5.5%). ASIR peaked at 509 (492-527) per 100,000 person-years in 2018 and decreased to 232 (220-244) per 100,000 person-years in 2022. Leading cancers for males were colorectal, lung, liver; females had breast, colorectal, cervical and lung cancer. 5-year prevalence was 1.7%. Males died mostly from lung and liver cancer (ASMR 30 and 29 per 100,000 person-years), while females died from breast cancer (ASMR 21 per 100,000 person-years). Life-time cumulative risk of death from cancer was 11%. Conclusion: This study reveals the cancer burden in Saraburi province, emphasizing the need for preventive strategies and resource allocations. The establishment of a cancer registry warrants future research.
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Bauer, Cici, Kehe Zhang, Qian Xiao, Jiachen Lu, Young-Rock Hong, and Ryan Suk. "County-Level Social Vulnerability and Breast, Cervical, and Colorectal Cancer Screening Rates in the US, 2018." JAMA Network Open 5, no. 9 (September 27, 2022): e2233429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.33429.
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ImportanceArea-level factors have been identified as important social determinants of health (SDoH) that impact many health-related outcomes. Less is known about how the social vulnerability index (SVI), as a scalable composite score, can multidimensionally explain the population-based cancer screening program uptake at a county level.ObjectiveTo examine the geographic variation of US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)–recommended breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening rates and the association between county-level SVI and the 3 screening rates.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cross-sectional study used county-level information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s PLACES and SVI data sets from 2018 for 3141 US counties. Analyses were conducted from October 2021 to February 2022.ExposuresSocial vulnerability index score categorized in quintiles.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was county-level rates of USPSTF guideline-concordant, up-to-date breast, cervical, and colorectal screenings. Odds ratios were calculated for each cancer screening by SVI quintile as unadjusted (only accounting for eligible population per county) or adjusted for urban-rural status, percentage of uninsured adults, and primary care physician rate per 100 000 residents.ResultsAcross 3141 counties, county-level cancer screening rates showed regional disparities ranging from 54.0% to 81.8% for breast cancer screening, from 69.9% to 89.7% for cervical cancer screening, and from 39.8% to 74.4% for colorectal cancer screening. The multivariable regression model showed that a higher SVI was significantly associated with lower odds of cancer screening, with the lowest odds in the highest SVI quintile. When comparing the highest quintile of SVI (SVI-Q5) with the lowest quintile of SVI (SVI-Q1), the unadjusted odds ratio was 0.86 (95% posterior credible interval [CrI], 0.84-0.87) for breast cancer screening, 0.80 (95% CrI, 0.79-0.81) for cervical cancer screening, and 0.72 (95% CrI, 0.71-0.73) for colorectal cancer screening. When fully adjusted, the odds ratio was 0.92 (95% CrI, 0.90-0.93) for breast cancer screening, 0.87 (95% CrI, 0.86-0.88) for cervical cancer screening, and 0.86 (95% CrI, 0.85-0.88) for colorectal cancer screening, showing slightly attenuated associations.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, regional disparities were found in cancer screening rates at a county level. Quantifying how SVI associates with each cancer screening rate could provide insight into the design and focus of future interventions targeting cancer prevention disparities.
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Kregting, Lindy M., Sylvia Kaljouw, Lucie de Jonge, Erik E. L. Jansen, Elisabeth F. P. Peterse, Eveline A. M. Heijnsdijk, Nicolien T. van Ravesteyn, Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar, and Inge M. C. M. de Kok. "Effects of cancer screening restart strategies after COVID-19 disruption." British Journal of Cancer 124, no. 9 (March 15, 2021): 1516–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41416-021-01261-9.
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Abstract Background Many breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening programmes were disrupted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to estimate the effects of five restart strategies after the disruption on required screening capacity and cancer burden. Methods Microsimulation models simulated five restart strategies for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening. The models estimated required screening capacity, cancer incidence, and cancer-specific mortality after a disruption of 6 months. The restart strategies varied in whether screens were caught up or not and, if so, immediately or delayed, and whether the upper age limit was increased. Results The disruption in screening programmes without catch-up of missed screens led to an increase of 2.0, 0.3, and 2.5 cancer deaths per 100 000 individuals in 10 years in breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer, respectively. Immediately catching-up missed screens minimised the impact of the disruption but required a surge in screening capacity. Delaying screening, but still offering all screening rounds gave the best balance between required capacity, incidence, and mortality. Conclusions Strategies with the smallest loss in health effects were also the most burdensome for the screening organisations. Which strategy is preferred depends on the organisation and available capacity in a country.
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Macharia, Lucy Wanjiku, Marianne Wanjiru Mureithi, and Omu Anzala. "Burden of cancer in Kenya: types, infection-attributable and trends. A national referral hospital retrospective survey." AAS Open Research 1 (September 25, 2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.12910.1.
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Background: Cancer in Africa is an emerging health problem. In Kenya it ranks third as a cause of death after infectious and cardiovascular diseases. Approximately 15% of the global cancer burden is attributable to infectious agents, with higher percentages in developing countries. Therefore, this study aimed to provide comprehensive hospital based data to inform policies Method: A retrospective survey was conducted at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) and Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH) from 2008 to 2012. Data was obtained from the patients files using a pre-designed data collection form. The study was approved by the KNH/University of Nairobi and MTRH Ethics and Research Committees. Results: In KNH, the five most common cancers in females (n=300) were cervical 62 (20.7%), breast 59 (19.7%), ovarian 22 (7.3%), chronic leukemia 16 (5.3%), endometrial and gastric both with 15 (5%). In males (n=200) they were prostate 23 (11.5%), laryngeal 19 (9.5%), colorectal 17 (8.5%), esophageal 14 (7.0%) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma 12 (6%). The top infection-attributable cancers were: cervical 62 (12.4%), colorectal 31 (6.2%), gastric 26 (5.2%), prostate 23 (4.6%) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma 17 (3.4%). In contrast, in MTRH the five most common cancers in females (n=282) were breast cancer 74 (26.2%), cervical 41 (14.5%), Kaposi’s sarcoma 38 (13.5%), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 15(5.3%) and ovarian 14 (5%) while in males (n=218) they were Kaposi’s sarcoma 55 (25.2%), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 22 (10.1%), chronic leukemia 17 (7.8%), colorectal and esophageal cancers both with 16 (7.3%). The top infection-attributable cancers were: Kaposi’s sarcoma 93 (18.6%), cervical 41 (8.2%), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 37 (7.4%), colorectal 27 (5.4%) and liver cancer 16 (3.2%). Conclusion: This study presents a picture of the burden of cancer and infection-attributable cancer from two referral hospitals in Kenya. Reducing the burden of infection-attributable cancers can translate to a reduction of the overall cancer burden.
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Baeker Bispo, Jordan A., Irene Goo, Kilan Ashad-Bishop, Erin Kobetz, and Zinzi Bailey. "Does Neighborhood Social Cohesion Influence Participation in Routine Cancer Screening? Findings From a Representative Sample of Adults in South Florida." Family & Community Health 47, no. 2 (April 2024): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/fch.0000000000000400.
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Background and Objectives: Neighborhood social cohesion (NSC) has been associated with a variety of health outcomes, but limited research has examined its impact on behaviors that support cancer control. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between NSC and guideline-concordant breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening. Methods: Data are from a cross-sectional survey administered to 716 adults in South Florida from 2019 to 2020. The analytic samples included adults eligible for breast (n = 134), cervical (n = 195), and colorectal cancer (n = 265) screening. NSC was measured using a validated 5-item instrument. Associations between NSC and guideline-concordant screening were examined using multivariable logistic regression. Results: In fully adjusted analyses, the odds of guideline-concordant breast cancer screening increased by 86% for every unit increase in NSC (aOR = 1.86; 95% CI, 1.03-3.36). NSC was not statistically significantly associated with guideline-concordant cervical cancer screening (aOR = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.54-1.38) or colorectal cancer screening (aOR = 1.29; 95% CI, 0.81-2.04). Conclusions: These findings suggest that NSC supports some screening behaviors, namely, mammography use. To better understand heterogeneous relationships between NSC and utilization of preventive care services such as cancer screening, more research is needed that disaggregates effects by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.
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Roujun, Chen, Yi Yanhua, and Li Bixun. "High prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in liver cancer patients: A hospital based study of 4610 patients with benign tumors or specific cancers." F1000Research 5 (June 16, 2016): 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8457.1.
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Objective: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were hypothesised to be different among different tumor patients. This study aimed to study the association between the prevalence of DM, IGT and IFG and liver cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer and benign tumor. Methods: A hospital based retrospective study was conducted on 4610 patients admitted to the Internal Medical Department of the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between gender, age group, ethnicity , cancer types or benign tumors and prevalence of DM, IFG, IGT. Results: Among 4610 patients, there were 1000 liver cancer patients, 373 breast cancer patients, 415 nasopharyngeal cancer patients, 230 cervical cancer patients, 405 colorectal cancer patients, and 2187 benign tumor patients. The prevalence of DM and IGT in liver cancer patients was 14.7% and 22.1%, respectively. The prevalence of DM and IGT was 13.8% and 20%, respectively, in colorectal cancer patients, significantly higher than that of benign cancers. After adjusting for gender, age group, and ethnicity, the prevalence of DM and IGT in liver cancers patients was 1.29 times (CI :1.12-1.66) and 1.49 times (CI :1.20-1.86) higher than that of benign tumors, respectively. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of DM and IGT in liver cancer patients.
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Mann, Katherine, Kennedy Sun, Jeffrey Jang, Aneka Khilnani, Emmalee Barrett, Thomas Harrod, and Serena Phillips. "Patient navigation as an effective way to increase breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening among immigrants in the US: A systematic review." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2024): e22501-e22501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e22501.
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e22501 Background: Immigrants undergo recommended cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer screening at a lower frequency than U.S.-born patients and face unique language, educational, and cultural barriers. The delay or lack of screening has known implications in the presentation of breast, cervical, and colorectal malignancies, including worse staging at diagnosis. To address the disparity in cancer screening that immigrants experience, various interventions have been studied, including patient navigation (PN) programs. This systematic review aims to determine whether PN increases cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer screening in immigrant populations. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify English-language articles published from January 2000 to November 2023 examining the role of patient navigators in encouraging routine breast, colorectal, and cervical cancer screening among immigrant populations in the United States. For the articles that met the inclusion criteria, details of patient navigation programs and uptake or change in cancer screening behaviors were extracted. Results: We screened 2196 articles, 53 of which met criteria for review, and 18 articles were ultimately included in the analysis. PN programs increased breast, cervical, or colorectal screening within immigrant populations compared to the control or alternative intervention in all 18 studies. In 7 out of 18 (38.9%) studies, the PN intervention group achieved screening rates similar to or above Non-Hispanic White national average screening rates. Two of those studies occurred in the outpatient setting, which resulted in higher screening rates than community-based settings. Two of those 7 studies that matched the Non-Hispanic White screening rates also had a longer duration of over 4 years. The majority of PN programs included educational sessions or materials and screening appointment scheduling assistance delivered from members of the same cultural group. Other services included identification and assistance with overcoming barriers, insurance assistance, reminders, transportation, and accompaniment to screening appointments. Of the 18 studies included, rural areas were underrepresented, and the training of patient navigators was not always described. Conclusions: Our review suggests that PN programs are effective at increasing cancer screening rates among immigrant populations, and certain aspects of PN programs, including outpatient settings and longer navigation duration, may help to further increase screening rates.
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Srivastava, Geetika, Ruby Leong, Abhilasha Nair, Bindu Kanapuru, Fatima Rizvi, Felice Yang, Jennifer J. Lee, et al. "U.S. FDA analysis of enrollment of Asian patients from India in cancer clinical trials leading to approval from 2010 to 2022." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2024): e13779-e13779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e13779.
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e13779 Background: There are an estimated 4.4 million Indian Americans (Asian Indian), constituting 1.35% of the United States (US) population. Indian Americans enrolled in clinical trials are identified under the broad race category of Asian which includes Asians within the US and outside of US (Ex-US). Although cancer is the leading cause of death for Asians in US, they are under-represented in cancer clinical trials. Enrollment of Asian patients from India (API) in multiregional oncology clinical trials may provide important data regarding intrinsic and extrinsic factors impacting the etiology of cancer as well as response to anti-cancer treatment in Indian Americans. Common cancers reported amongst Asians in US are breast, prostate, colorectal, and lung, and in India are breast, head and neck, cervical and lung. Methods: We analyzed data from ~96,000 patients in 164 cancer therapeutic trials that led to an FDA approval for breast, prostate, colorectal, lung, liver, gastric, head and neck and cervical cancer indications from 2010-2022, and identified country for enrollments for all Asians. Results: Descriptive statistics of Asian patients enrolled within US, Ex-US and from India enrolled in breast, prostate, colorectal, lung, liver, gastric, head and neck, and cervical cancer trials that led to an FDA approval from 2010-2022 are summarized (Table). Enrollment of Asian patients within US was ≤1% (except liver and cervical cancer), from India was ≤2.1% of all Asians enrolled outside of US and ≤0.7% of all enrolled patients. Conclusions: It is difficult to accurately characterize the exact number of Indian Americans enrolled but are likely under-represented in cancer clinical trials leading to FDA approval.Sponsors should collect more granular information regarding enrollment of Asian patients in clinical trials. Enrollment of patients from India is extremely low relative to the population size. Efforts to increase enrollment of Indian Americans as well as patients from India in oncology clinical trials can bolster the evidence that supports FDA drug approval and its applicability to Indian Americans. [Table: see text]
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Owens-Jasey, Constance, Jinying Chen, Ran Xu, Heather Angier, Amy G. Huebschmann, Mayuko Ito Fukunaga, Krisda H. Chaiyachati, et al. "Implementation of Health IT for Cancer Screening in US Primary Care: Scoping Review." JMIR Cancer 10 (April 30, 2024): e49002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/49002.
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Background A substantial percentage of the US population is not up to date on guideline-recommended cancer screenings. Identifying interventions that effectively improve screening rates would enhance the delivery of such screening. Interventions involving health IT (HIT) show promise, but much remains unknown about how HIT is optimized to support cancer screening in primary care. Objective This scoping review aims to identify (1) HIT-based interventions that effectively support guideline concordance in breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening provision and follow-up in the primary care setting and (2) barriers or facilitators to the implementation of effective HIT in this setting. Methods Following scoping review guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore databases for US-based studies from 2015 to 2021 that featured HIT targeting breast, colorectal, and cervical cancer screening in primary care. Studies were dual screened using a review criteria checklist. Data extraction was guided by the following implementation science frameworks: the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework; the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change taxonomy; and implementation strategy reporting domains. It was also guided by the Integrated Technology Implementation Model that incorporates theories of both implementation science and technology adoption. Reporting was guided by PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews). Results A total of 101 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies (85/101, 84.2%) involved electronic health record–based HIT interventions. The most common HIT function was clinical decision support, primarily used for panel management or at the point of care. Most studies related to HIT targeting colorectal cancer screening (83/101, 82.2%), followed by studies related to breast cancer screening (28/101, 27.7%), and cervical cancer screening (19/101, 18.8%). Improvements in cancer screening were associated with HIT-based interventions in most studies (36/54, 67% of colorectal cancer–relevant studies; 9/14, 64% of breast cancer–relevant studies; and 7/10, 70% of cervical cancer–relevant studies). Most studies (79/101, 78.2%) reported on the reach of certain interventions, while 17.8% (18/101) of the included studies reported on the adoption or maintenance. Reported barriers and facilitators to HIT adoption primarily related to inner context factors of primary care settings (eg, staffing and organizational policies that support or hinder HIT adoption). Implementation strategies for HIT adoption were reported in 23.8% (24/101) of the included studies. Conclusions There are substantial evidence gaps regarding the effectiveness of HIT-based interventions, especially those targeting guideline-concordant breast and colorectal cancer screening in primary care. Even less is known about how to enhance the adoption of technologies that have been proven effective in supporting breast, colorectal, or cervical cancer screening. Research is needed to ensure that the potential benefits of effective HIT-based interventions equitably reach diverse primary care populations.
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Su, Binbin, Panliang Zhong, Yundong Xuan, Junqing Xie, Yu Wu, Chen Chen, Yihao Zhao, Xinran Shen, and Xiaoying Zheng. "Changing Patterns in Cancer Mortality from 1987 to 2020 in China." Cancers 15, no. 2 (January 12, 2023): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15020476.
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Background: China has the highest number of new cancer cases and deaths worldwide, posing huge health and economic burdens to society and affected families. This study comprehensively analyzed secular trends of national cancer mortality statistics to inform future prevention and intervention programs in China. Methods: The annual estimate of overall cancer mortality and its major subtypes were derived from the National Health Commission (NHC). Joinpoint analysis was used to detect changes in trends, and we used age-period-cohort modeling to estimate cohort and period effects in Cancers between 1987 and 2020. Net drift (overall annual percentage change), local drift (annual percentage change in each age group), longitudinal age curves (expected longitudinal age-specific rate), and period (cohort) relative risks were calculated. Results: The age-standardized cancer mortality in urban China has shown a steady downward trend but has not decreased significantly in rural areas. Almost all cancer deaths in urban areas have shown a downward trend, except for colorectal cancer in men. Decreasing mortality from cancers in rural of the stomach, esophagus, liver, leukemia, and nasopharynx was observed, while lung, colorectal cancer female breast, and cervical cancer mortality increased. Birth cohort risks peaked in the cohorts born around 1920–1930 and tended to decline in successive cohorts for most cancers except for leukemia, lung cancer in rural, and breast and cervical cancer in females, whose relative risks were rising in the very recent cohorts. In addition, mortality rates for almost all types of cancer in older Chinese show an upward trend. Conclusions: Although the age-standardized overall cancer mortality rate has declined, and the urban-rural gap narrowed, the absolute cancer cases kept increasing due to the growing elderly population in China. The rising mortality related to lung, colorectal, female breast, and cervical cancer should receive higher priority in managing cancer burden and calls for targeted public health actions to reverse the trend.
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Lofters, Aisha K., Fangyun Wu, Eliot Frymire, Tara Kiran, Mandana Vahabi, Michael E. Green, and Richard H. Glazier. "Cancer Screening Disparities Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic." JAMA Network Open 6, no. 11 (November 20, 2023): e2343796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.43796.
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ImportanceBreast, cervical, and colorectal cancer–screening disparities existed prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, and it is unclear whether those have changed since the pandemic.ObjectiveTo assess whether changes in screening from before the pandemic to after the pandemic varied for immigrants and for people with limited income.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based, cross-sectional study, using data from March 31, 2019, and March 31, 2022, included adults in Ontario, Canada, the country’s most populous province, with more than 14 million people, almost 30% of whom are immigrants. At both dates, the screening-eligible population for each cancer type was assessed.ExposuresNeighborhood income quintile, immigrant status, and primary care model type.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFor each cancer screening type, the main outcome was whether the screening-eligible population was up to date on screening (a binary outcome) on March 31, 2019, and March 31, 2022. Up to date on screening was defined as having had a mammogram in the previous 2 years, a Papanicolaou test in the previous 3 years, and a fecal test in the previous 2 years or a flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy in the previous 10 years.ResultsThe overall cohort on March 31, 2019, included 1 666 943 women (100%) eligible for breast screening (mean [SD] age, 59.9 [5.1] years), 3 918 225 women (100%) eligible for cervical screening (mean [SD] age, 45.5 [13.2] years), and 3 886 345 people eligible for colorectal screening (51.4% female; mean [SD] age, 61.8 [6.4] years). The proportion of people up to date on screening in Ontario decreased for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers, with the largest decrease for breast screening (from 61.1% before the pandemic to 51.7% [difference, −9.4 percentage points]) and the smallest decrease for colorectal screening (from 65.9% to 62.0% [difference, −3.9 percentage points]). Preexisting disparities in screening for people living in low-income neighborhoods and for immigrants widened for breast screening and colorectal screening. For breast screening, compared with income quintile 5 (highest), the β estimate for income quintile 1 (lowest) was −1.16 (95% CI, −1.56 to −0.77); for immigrant vs nonimmigrant, the β estimate was −1.51 (95% CI, −1.84 to −1.18). For colorectal screening, compared with income quintile 5, the β estimate for quntile 1 was −1.29 (95% CI, 16 −1.53 to −1.06); for immigrant vs nonimmigrant, the β estimate was −1.41 (95% CI, −1.61 to −1.21). The lowest screening rates both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic were for people who had no identifiable family physician (eg, moving from 11.3% in 2019 to 9.6% in 2022 up to date for breast cancer). In addition, patients of interprofessional, team-based primary care models had significantly smaller reductions in β estimates for breast (2.14 [95% CI, 1.79 to 2.49]), cervical (1.72 [95% CI, 1.46 to 1.98]), and colorectal (2.15 [95% CI, 1.95 to 2.36]) postpandemic screening and higher uptake of screening in general compared with patients of other primary care models.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study in Ontario that included 2 time points, widening disparities before compared with after the COVID-19 pandemic were found for breast cancer and colorectal cancer screening based on income and immigrant status, but smaller declines in disparities were found among patients of interprofessional, team-based primary care models than among their counterparts. Policy makers should investigate the value of prioritizing and investing in improving access to team-based primary care for people who are immigrants and/or with limited income.
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Sun, Jingjing, Kevin D. Frick, Hailun Liang, Clifton M. Chow, Sofia Aronowitz, and Leiyu Shi. "Examining cancer screening disparities by race/ethnicity and insurance groups: A comparison of 2008 and 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data in the United States." PLOS ONE 19, no. 2 (February 28, 2024): e0290105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Pervasive differences in cancer screening among race/ethnicity and insurance groups presents a challenge to achieving equitable healthcare access and health outcomes. However, the change in the magnitude of cancer screening disparities over time has not been thoroughly examined using recent public health survey data. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of the 2008 and 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) database focused on breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening rates among race/ethnicity and insurance groups. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between cancer screening rates, race/ethnicity, and insurance coverage, and to quantify the changes in disparities in 2008 and 2018, adjusting for potential confounders. Results Colorectal cancer screening rates increased for all groups, but cervical and mammogram rates remained stagnant for specific groups. Non-Hispanic Asians continued to report consistently lower odds of receiving cervical tests (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.32–0.55, p<0.001) and colorectal cancer screening (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.42–0.72, p<0.001) compared to non-Hispanic Whites in 2018, despite significant improvements since 2008. Non-Hispanic Blacks continued to report higher odds of recent cervical cancer screening (OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.47–2.68, p<0.001) and mammograms (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.02–1.71, p<0.05) than non-Hispanic Whites in 2018, consistent with higher odds observed in 2008. Hispanic individuals reported improved colorectal cancer screening over time, with no significant difference compared to non-Hispanics Whites in 2018, despite reporting lower odds in 2008. The uninsured status was associated with significantly lower odds of cancer screening than private insurance for all three cancers in 2008 and 2018. Conclusion Despite an overall increase in breast and colorectal cancer screening rates between 2008 and 2018, persistent racial/ethnic and insurance disparities exist among race/ethnicity and insurance groups. These findings highlight the importance of addressing underlying factors contributing to disparities among underserved populations and developing corresponding interventions.
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Chhabra, S. "Early Stage Cervical Cancer, Therapy for Reproductive Health and Quality Survival." Open Medicine Journal 3, no. 1 (April 4, 2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874220301603010001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cervical cancer, one of the leading causes of cancer deaths, seventh in frequency amongst all the cancers, third most common cancer in women, after breast and colorectal cancers, accounts for 9% of all cancers in women and 4% of cancers in men and women put together. As cervical cancer is being reported in young women, so preservation of reproductive health and survival with quality has become more important during cervical cancer therapy. For quality survival, reproductive health preservation inspite of cancer, early diagnosis and appropriate therapy are essential. Purpose of this article is to share so that others also look into various issues and we try to do the best for prevention of cervical cancer and provide best therapy so that women have survival with quality and reproductive health is preserved, specially in young women. Review of literature was done and self experiences have been added.
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Neale, Rachel E., Steven Darlington, Michael F. G. Murphy, Paul B. S. Silcocks, David M. Purdie, and Mats Talbäck. "The Effects of Twins, Parity and Age at First Birth on Cancer Risk in Swedish Women." Twin Research and Human Genetics 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2005): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.8.2.156.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe effect of reproductive history on the risk of cervical, colorectal and thyroid cancers and melanoma has been explored but the results to date are inconsistent. We aimed to examine in a record- linkage cohort study the risk of developing these cancers, as well as breast, ovarian and endometrial cancers, among mothers who had given birth to twins compared with those who had only singleton pregnancies. Women who delivered a baby in Sweden between 1961 and 1996 and who were 15 years or younger in 1961 were selected from the Swedish civil birth register and linked with the Swedish cancer registry. We used Poisson regression to assess associations between reproductive factors and cancer. Twinning was associated with reduced risks of breast, colorectal, ovarian and uterine cancers, although no relative risks were statistically significant. The delivery of twins did not increase the risk of any cancers studied. Increasing numbers of maternities were associated with significantly reduced risks of all tumors except thyroid cancer. We found positive associations between a later age at first birth and breast cancer and melanoma, while there were inverse associations with cervix, ovarian, uterine and colorectal cancers. These findings lend weight to the hypothesis that hormonal factors influence the etiology of colorectal cancer in women, but argue against any strong effect of hormones on the development of melanoma or tumors of the thyroid.
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Kellen, Eliane, Charlotte Nuyens, Catherine Molleman, and Sarah Hoeck. "Uptake of cancer screening among adults with disabilities in Flanders (Belgium)." Journal of Medical Screening 27, no. 1 (August 31, 2019): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969141319870221.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective To explore the association between disability and participation in breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening in Flanders (Belgium). Methods Data from the Centre for Cancer Detection were linked to data of the Flemish Agency for disabled persons by the Crossroads Bank for Social Security, using National Social Security Numbers. Results The study population consisted of 92,334 invited individuals registered as disabled in 2013–2015. For breast cancer screening (including both opportunistic screening and participation in the screening program), 51.7% of disabled women had undergone mammography in the last two years, compared with the Flemish uptake of 61.8%. In cervical screening, 45% of the women with a disability had undergone a PAP smear in the last three years (overall Flemish uptake was 60.7%). For colorectal cancer screening, 40.7% of individuals with a disability had undergone a fecal immunochemical test in the last two years (overall Flemish uptake was 51.5%). Participation in breast and colorectal cancer screening among persons with a disability was 10% points less than the Flemish average during the same period. In the cervical cancer screening program, the difference between the participation of disabled women and the Flemish average was 10% points. Persons with any type of disability had a lower uptake of cancer screening than the Flemish average, except for individuals with a hearing impairment. Conclusions Participation disparities in the Flemish cancer screening programs between persons with and without disabilities require specific efforts to increase cancer screening among people with a disability.
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McCredie, M. R. E., G. J. Macfarlane, M. S. Coates, and R. A. Osborn. "Risk of second malignant neoplasms following female genital tract cancers in New South Wales (Australia), 1972-91." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 6, no. 5 (September 1996): 362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-00009577-199609000-00003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Data from the New South Wales (NSW) Central Cancer Registry for 1972-91 were examined to determine the risk of a second primary cancer following an initial invasive cancer of the cervix uteri (ICD-9 180), corpus uteri (ICD-9 182), ovary (ICD-9 183) or 'other female genital organs' (ICD-9 184). Expected numbers of cancers were obtained by assuming that women with a cancer of the female genital tract experienced the same cancer incidence as the female population of NSW as a whole. The relative risk (RR) of a second primary cancer was the ratio of observed to expected numbers of second cancers, excluding those of the female genital tract. Following cervical cancer, significantly increased risks were found for cancer of the larynx (RR= 7.43), lung (RR = 3.64), bladder (RR = 3.36) and for all tobacco-related sites (excluding cervix and bladder) grouped together (RR = 2.54). A nonsignificant excess of anal cancer (RR = 4.23) was also seen. After an initial cancer of the corpus uteri significantly increased risks were found for colorectal (RR = 1.35), breast (RR = 1.36) and bladder cancers (RR = 1.95). The excess of colorectal cancer bordered on significance (RR = 1.43) but there was no increased risk of breast cancer (RR = 1.02) after ovarian cancer. The data illustrate the need for surveillance of women with cervical cancer for further tobacco-related cancers, and the risk of treatment-initiated neoplasms.
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Pereira, Malesa, and Bilikisu Elewonibi. "Abstract A097: Assessing patterns of cancer screening uptake, healthcare access, health status, and the county-level Social Vulnerability Index in Louisiana." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, no. 12_Supplement (December 1, 2023): A097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp23-a097.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) was originally developed to identify areas of high need prior to a disaster but it can also be used to identify medical underserved communities and areas of shortages of medical care. There are four major themes that contribute to SVI: 1) socioeconomic status, 2) household characteristics, 3) racial and ethnic minority status, and 4) housing type/transportation which can be used to examine cancer screening uptake in communities as their socioeconomic makeup contributes to the ability of individuals to access cancer screening. Cancer screenings are essential and highly effective tools when diagnosing cancer early which significantly improves chances of cancer survival and decreases chances of morbidity. This study aims to examine the association of county-level cancer screening uptake and SVI patterns in Louisiana while adjusting for healthcare utilization and self-reported health status. Methods 2020 county level age-adjusted cancer screening rates for breast, cervical, and colorectal, healthcare utilization rates, and health status rates for Louisiana were obtained from CDC’s PLACES website and SVI were obtained from CDC ATSDR. The county-level SVI was recoded into four categories: very low (0-.2499), low (0.2500-0.4999), high (0.5000-0.7499), and very high (0.7500-1.000) with high SVI implying least amount of resources. Linear regressions were used to assess the associations between screening rates and SVI quartiles while adjusting for healthcare utilization and health status variables. Results Of the 64 counties in Louisiana, the mean for county-level cancer screening rate were 1) breast cancer at 74.93% (range, 70.40%-79.90%), 2) colorectal cancer at 68.60% (range, 62.60%-75.10%), and cervical cancer at 81.57% (range, 77.4%-85.60%). The multivariable regression models showed very high SVI was associated with low cancer screening rates. When comparing very high SVI and very low SVI, the unadjusted odds ratio (OR) for cervical cancer screening, 0.25 (95% CI, 0.11-0.54) and colorectal cancer screening, 0.59 (95% CI, 0.18-0.59) showed significance. After adjusting for healthcare utilization and health status among very high SVI and very low SVI, all three breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening showed statistically significant associations. For uninsured rates, unadj. OR for breast, 8.95 (95% CI, 3.32-24.18) cervical, 5.16 (95% CI, 1.90-14.05) and colorectal, 7.12 (95% CI, 2.44-20.76) showed significance. For general health status, unadj. OR for breast, 9.42 (95% CI, 3.60 - 24.63) cervical, 6.64 (95% CI, 2.68 - 16.44) and colorectal, 9.94 (95% CI, 3.46 - 28.58) showed significance. Conclusions This study found that areas with very high SVI had low rates of cancer screening rates, low healthcare utilization, and high levels of self-reported fair/poor general, mental, and physical health status. These areas may benefit from community level interventions to address barriers to care and better dialogues of the importance of keeping up with routine checkup including cancer screenings. Citation Format: Malesa Pereira, Bilikisu Elewonibi. Assessing patterns of cancer screening uptake, healthcare access, health status, and the county-level Social Vulnerability Index in Louisiana [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A097.
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Singh, Gopal K., Shanita D. Williams, Mohammad Siahpush, and Aaron Mulhollen. "Socioeconomic, Rural-Urban, and Racial Inequalities in US Cancer Mortality: Part I—All Cancers and Lung Cancer and Part II—Colorectal, Prostate, Breast, and Cervical Cancers." Journal of Cancer Epidemiology 2011 (2011): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/107497.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We analyzed socioeconomic, rural-urban, and racial inequalities in US mortality from all cancers, lung, colorectal, prostate, breast, and cervical cancers. A deprivation index and rural-urban continuum were linked to the 2003–2007 county-level mortality data. Mortality rates and risk ratios were calculated for each socioeconomic, rural-urban, and racial group. Weighted linear regression yielded relative impacts of deprivation and rural-urban residence. Those in more deprived groups and rural areas had higher cancer mortality than more affluent and urban residents, with excess risk being marked for lung, colorectal, prostate, and cervical cancers. Deprivation and rural-urban continuum were independently related to cancer mortality, with deprivation showing stronger impacts. Socioeconomic inequalities existed for both whites and blacks, with blacks experiencing higher mortality from each cancer than whites within each deprivation group. Socioeconomic gradients in mortality were steeper in nonmetropolitan than in metropolitan areas. Mortality disparities may reflect inequalities in smoking and other cancer-risk factors, screening, and treatment.
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Han, Xuesong, Chun Chieh Lin, and Ahmedin Jemal. "Changes in stage at diagnosis of screenable cancers after the Affordable Care Act." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): 6521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.6521.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
6521 Background: Extensive evidence links inadequate insurance with later stage at cancer diagnosis, particularly for cancers that can be detected by screening. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) implemented in 2014 has substantially increased insurance coverage for Americans 18-64 years old. This study aims to examine any changes in stage at diagnosis after the ACA for the following cancers for which screening is recommended for individuals at risk: female breast cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer. Methods: We used National Cancer Data Base, a nationally hospital-based cancer registry capturing 70% new cancer cases in the US each year, to identify nonelderly cancer patients with screening-appropriate age who were diagnosed during 2013-2014. The percentage of stage I disease was calculated for each cancer type before (2013 Q1-Q3) and after (2014 Q2-Q4) the ACA. 2013 Q4-2014 Q1 was excluded as a washout/phase-in period. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using log-binomial models controlling for age, race/ethnicity and sex if applicable. Results: 121,855 female breast cancer patients aged 40-64 years, 39,568 colorectal cancer patients aged 50-64 years, 11,265 cervical cancer patients aged 21-64 years, 59,626 prostate cancer patients aged 50-64 years, and 41,504 lung cancer patients aged 55-64 years were identified. After the implementation of the ACA, the percentage of stage I disease increased statistically significantly for female breast cancer (47.8% vs. 48.9%; PR = 1.02 [95%CI 1.01-1.03]), colorectal cancer (22.8% vs. 23.7%; PR = 1.04 [95%CI 1-1.08]), and lung cancer (16.6% vs. 17.7%; PR = 1.06 [95% CI 1.02-1.11]). A shift to stage I disease was also observed for cervical cancer (47.2% vs. 48.7%; PR = 1.02 [95% CI 0.98-1.06]) although not statistically significant. In contrast, the percentage of stage I decreased for prostate cancer (18.5% vs. 17.2%; PR = 0.93 [95%CI 0.9-0.96]) in 2014. Conclusions: The implementation of the ACA is associated with a shift to early stage at diagnosis for all screenable cancers except prostate cancer, which may reflect the recent US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations against routine prostate cancer screening.
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Khan, Mahir, Margaret Wright, Karriem Watson, and Shikha Jain. "Trends in cancer screening volumes at an urban health center during the COVID-19 pandemic." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 10551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.10551.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
10551 Background: The Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted cancer screening for reasons including healthcare resource preservation, infection control efforts, and patient factors. There is limited literature quantifying this interruption of care, particularly in vulnerable and racial/ethnic minorities. Methods: We compared the volume of cancer screening at the University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System before and during the COVID-19 pandemic using data obtained from the electronic medical record. Modalities included mammogram, ultrasound, and MRI for breast; Pap test for cervical; colonoscopy, CT colonography, and flexible sigmoidoscopy for colorectal; low-dose CT for lung; and prostate-specific antigen test for prostate. Of note, screening and diagnostic tests could not be distinguished for colorectal cancer. We examined percent changes in cancer screening counts for each month from February 2020-August 2020, using January 2020 as a reference. Results were stratified by gender, race, and ethnicity. Results: Screening volume declined rapidly after January 2020, with the nadir for each cancer site occurring in April 2020: breast ( n = 0, -100%), cervical ( n = 169, -84%), colorectal ( n = 35, -89%), lung ( n = 0, -100%), and prostate ( n = 108, -72%). Values recovered by August 2020 for most cancer sites except cervical cancer, which remained decreased (-23%). There were no differences in screening trends by gender. With respect to race, breast screening volume in Black patients decreased earlier and exhibited slower recovery compared to White patients. White patients had poorer cervical screening recovery than Black patients by August 2020 (-60% vs. -23%). Hispanics had poorer recovery of breast screening compared to non-Hispanics by August 2020 (-23% vs. 6%). Conclusions: We observed widely decreased cancer screening attributable to COVID-19. Breast cancer screening data specifically showed persistent disparities affecting Black and Hispanic patients. Despite the reassuring recovery of multiple screening methods by August 2020, an increase above baseline is needed to compensate for initial declines. Further studies will likely reveal long-term consequences of this unprecedented situation.[Table: see text]
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Kachuri, L., P. De, LF Ellison, and R. Semenciw. "Cancer incidence, mortality and survival trends in Canada, 1970–2007." Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada 33, no. 2 (March 2013): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.33.2.03.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction Monitoring cancer trends can help evaluate progress in cancer control while reinforcing prevention activities. This analysis examines long-term trends for selected cancers in Canada using data from national databases. Methods Annual changes in trends for age-standardized incidence and mortality rates between 1970 and 2007 were examined by sex for 1) all cancers combined, 2) the four most common cancers (prostate, breast, lung, colorectal) and 3) cancers that demonstrate the most recent notable changes in trend. Five-year relative survival for 1992–2007 was also calculated. Results Incidence rates for all primary cancer cases combined increased 0.9% per year in males and 0.8% per year in females over the study period, with varying degrees of increase for melanoma, thyroid, liver, prostate, kidney, colorectal, lung, breast, and bladder cancers and decrease for larynx, oral, stomach and cervical cancers. Mortality rates were characterized by significant declines for all cancers combined and for most cancers examined except for melanoma and female lung cancer. The largest improvements in cancer survival were for prostate, liver, colorectal and kidney cancers. While the overall trends in mortality rates and survival point to notable successes in cancer control, the increasing trend in incidence rates for some cancers emphasize the need for continued efforts in prevention.
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Angucia, B. S., M. Nabwana, J. Asasira, Y. Mulumba, I. Mutyaba, and O. Jackson. "Spectrum of Primary Cancer Diagnoses Among Patients at Uganda Cancer Institute in 2015 and 2016." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 80s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.48700.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Most recent cancer registry data suggests a change in cancer occurrence in Uganda with a decrease in incidence of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) but an increase in cervical, prostate and breast cancer. Anecdotal data suggest that KS, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and breast cancer were the most common cancers among patients at Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI) by 2006. Aim: To describe the spectrum of cancer diagnoses among new patients that presented for care at UCI over the past 2-years. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study of patients admitted into care at UCI with a histologic or clinical diagnosis of cancer from January 2015 to December 2016. Cancer diagnoses were reported as proportions by gender and age - children (0-14 years) and adults (above 14 years). Results: Overall, 8279 new patients were registered during the study period but only 7588 (92%) were recorded in the electronic database and had information on cancer diagnosis. Of these, 53% were admitted in 2015, and 55% were females. Median age was 48 years (IQR: 34-62). Among 2997 female adults, 30% had cervical, 17% breast, 5% Kaposi sarcoma (KS), 4% leukemia and 3.9% esophageal cancer. Among 2136 male adults, 17% had KS, 12% prostate, 10% esophageal, 6% leukemia and 4% colorectal cancer. Among the 486 children, 17% had leukemia, 16.7% nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor), 15.9% Burkitt lymphoma (BL), 8% rhabdomyosarcoma, and 6% Kaposi sarcoma. Conclusion: The distribution of cancer diagnoses among patients seen at UCI reflects the population level cancer incidence with cervical, breast, KS, prostate, esophageal, and colorectal cancer in adults, and nephroblastoma in children as the leading cause of cancer related morbidity. The overrepresentation of leukemia may be due to referral bias but warrants further study. The correlation of our findings with incidence data suggests that missing information did not significantly skew our findings. However more investments are needed to improve the quality of data captured electronically.
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Lee, JinWook, JuWon Park, Nayeon Kim, Fatima Nari, Seowoo Bae, Hyeon Ji Lee, Mingyu Lee, Jae Kwan Jun, Kui Son Choi, and Mina Suh. "Socioeconomic Disparities in Six Common Cancer Survival Rates in South Korea: Population-Wide Retrospective Cohort Study." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 10 (July 22, 2024): e55011-e55011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/55011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background In South Korea, the cancer incidence rate has increased by 56.5% from 2001 to 2021. Nevertheless, the 5-year cancer survival rate from 2017 to 2021 increased by 17.9% compared with that from 2001 to 2005. Cancer survival rates tend to decline with lower socioeconomic status, and variations exist in the survival rates among different cancer types. Analyzing socioeconomic patterns in the survival of patients with cancer can help identify high-risk groups and ensure that they benefit from interventions. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze differences in survival rates among patients diagnosed with six types of cancer—stomach, colorectal, liver, breast, cervical, and lung cancers—based on socioeconomic status using Korean nationwide data. Methods This study used the Korea Central Cancer Registry database linked to the National Health Information Database to follow up with patients diagnosed with cancer between 2014 and 2018 until December 31, 2021. Kaplan-Meier curves stratified by income status were generated, and log-rank tests were conducted for each cancer type to assess statistical significance. Hazard ratios with 95% CIs for any cause of overall survival were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models with the time since diagnosis. Results The survival rates for the six different types of cancer were as follows: stomach cancer, 69.6% (96,404/138,462); colorectal cancer, 66.6% (83,406/125,156); liver cancer, 33.7% (23,860/70,712); lung cancer, 30.4% (33,203/109,116); breast cancer, 91.5% (90,730/99,159); and cervical cancer, 78% (12,930/16,580). When comparing the medical aid group to the highest income group, the hazard ratios were 1.72 (95% CI 1.66‐1.79) for stomach cancer, 1.60 (95% CI 1.54‐1.56) for colorectal cancer, 1.51 (95% CI 1.45‐1.56) for liver cancer, 1.56 (95% CI 1.51‐1.59) for lung cancer, 2.19 (95% CI 2.01‐2.38) for breast cancer, and 1.65 (95% CI 1.46‐1.87) for cervical cancer. A higher deprivation index and advanced diagnostic stage were associated with an increased risk of mortality. Conclusions Socioeconomic status significantly mediates disparities in cancer survival in several cancer types. This effect is particularly pronounced in less fatal cancers such as breast cancer. Therefore, considering the type of cancer and socioeconomic factors, social and medical interventions such as early cancer detection and appropriate treatment are necessary for vulnerable populations.
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Knudsen, Amy B., Amy Trentham-Dietz, Jane J. Kim, Jeanne S. Mandelblatt, Rafael Meza, Ann G. Zauber, Philip E. Castle, and Eric J. Feuer. "Estimated US Cancer Deaths Prevented With Increased Use of Lung, Colorectal, Breast, and Cervical Cancer Screening." JAMA Network Open 6, no. 11 (November 22, 2023): e2344698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.44698.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ImportanceIncreased use of recommended screening could help achieve the Cancer Moonshot goal of reducing US cancer deaths.ObjectiveTo estimate the number of cancer deaths that could be prevented with a 10–percentage point increase in the use of US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)-recommended screening.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis decision analytical model study is an extension of previous studies conducted for the USPSTF from 2018 to 2023. This study simulated contemporary cohorts of US adults eligible for lung, colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer screening.ExposuresAnnual low-dose computed lung tomography among eligible adults aged 50 to 80 years; colonoscopy every 10 years among adults aged 45 to 75 years; biennial mammography among female adults aged 40 to 74 years; and triennial cervical cytology screening among female adults aged 21 to 29 years, followed by human papillomavirus testing every 5 years from ages 30 to 65 years.Main Outcomes and MeasuresEstimated number of cancer deaths prevented with a 10–percentage point increase in screening use, assuming screening commences at the USPSTF-recommended starting age and continues throughout the lifetime. Outcomes were presented 2 ways: (1) per 100 000 and (2) among US adults in 2021; and they were expressed among the target population at the age of screening initiation. For lung cancer, estimates were among those who will also meet the smoking eligibility criteria during their lifetime. Harms from increased uptake were also reported.ResultsA 10–percentage point increase in screening use at the age that USPSTF recommended screening commences was estimated to prevent 226 lung cancer deaths (range across models within the cancer site, 133-332 deaths), 283 (range, 263-313) colorectal cancer deaths, 82 (range, 61-106) breast cancer deaths, and 81 (1 model; no range available) cervical cancer deaths over the lifetimes of 100 000 persons eligible for screening. These rates corresponded with an estimated 1010 (range, 590-1480) lung cancer deaths prevented, 11 070 (range, 10 280-12 250) colorectal cancer deaths prevented, 1790 (range, 1330-2310) breast cancer deaths prevented, and 1710 (no range available) cervical cancer deaths prevented over the lifetimes of eligible US residents at the recommended age to initiate screening in 2021. Increased uptake was also estimated to generate harms, including 100 000 (range, 45 000-159 000) false-positive lung scans, 6000 (range, 6000-7000) colonoscopy complications, 300 000 (range, 295 000-302 000) false-positive mammograms, and 348 000 (no range available) colposcopies over the lifetime.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this decision analytical model study, a 10–percentage point increase in uptake of USPSTF-recommended lung, colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer screening at the recommended starting age was estimated to yield important reductions in cancer deaths. Achieving these reductions is predicated on ensuring equitable access to screening.
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Hill, Katherine A., Cynthia M. Pérez, Adriana Pons, Karelys Canales Birriel, Andrea López Cepero, Norangelys Solís Torres, Zaydelis Tamarit Quevedo, and Vivian Colón-López. "Abstract C130: Cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer screening by COVID-19 booster and influenza vaccination status in a sample of women in Puerto Rico." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, no. 1_Supplement (January 1, 2023): C130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp22-c130.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background: Recommendation by a healthcare provider is essential for women to seek preventative cancer screening. Research has shown patients are receptive to information about cancer screening given by health professionals administering influenza vaccines. Promotion of cancer screening during vaccination may be particularly important in Puerto Rico (PR), which, relative to the continental United States, has low cervical and colorectal cancer screening rates. Objective: This study aims to determine if receiving the influenza vaccine in the past year or ever receiving the COVID-19 booster is associated with an increased likelihood of women participating in cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer screening in the past year. Methods: Women older than 18 are recruited weekly in different ongoing community outreach events throughout Puerto Rico as part of the Puerto Rico Community Engagement Alliance (PR-CEAL) against COVID-19 disparities. The PR-CEAL outreach team completes an online community survey as part of their field activities. Initial data was collected from February 17th 2022 through May 28th 2022, with data collection currently ongoing. Pearson χ2 test or Fisher exact test, as appropriate, was used to quantify the association between participation in cancer screening and vaccination status. Results: As of May 31st, 253 women with a median age of 59 had been recruited. Of these, 56.1% had received the influenza vaccine in the past year, and 52.6% had received a COVID-19 booster. Nearly 52% of women with the booster and 65% without the booster received cervical cancer screening (p-value = 0.29). Women with the booster and those without the booster (75% each) received breast cancer screening (p-value = 0.99). Only 16.1% of women with the booster and 11.8% without the booster had received colorectal cancer screening (p-value = 0.99). Receipt of cancer screening according to influenza vaccine status was as follows: 59.3% vaccinated and 51.5% unvaccinated received cervical cancer screening (p-value = 0.35); 31.4% vaccinated and 41.2% unvaccinated received breast cancer screening (p-value = 0.56); and 13.1% vaccinated and 9.3% unvaccinated received colorectal cancer screening (p-value = 0.46).Conclusions: No differences in receipt of cancer screening were found by influenza or COVID-19 booster vaccination status among adult women in Puerto Rico. Routine vaccination appointments may therefore represent a missed opportunity to promote cancer screening. Citation Format: Katherine A. Hill, Cynthia M. Pérez, Adriana Pons, Karelys Canales Birriel, Andrea López Cepero, Norangelys Solís Torres, Zaydelis Tamarit Quevedo, Vivian Colón-López. Cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer screening by COVID-19 booster and influenza vaccination status in a sample of women in Puerto Rico [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C130.
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Breau, Genevieve, Sally Thorne, Jennifer Baumbusch, T. Greg Hislop, and Arminee Kazanjian. "Primary Care Providers' Attitudes Towards Recommending Cancer Screening to Patients With Intellectual Disability: A Cross-Sectional Survey." Inclusion 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/2326-6988-8.3.185.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) obtain breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening at lower rates, relative to the general population. This cross-sectional survey study explored how primary care providers and trainees recommend cancer screening to patients with ID, using a standardized attitudes questionnaire and vignettes of fictional patients. In total, 106 primary care providers and trainees participated. Analyses revealed that participants' attitudes towards community inclusion predicted whether participants anticipated recommending breast and colorectal cancer screening to fictional patients. Further research is needed to explore these factors in decisions to recommend screening, and how these factors contribute to cancer screening disparities.
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Bernstein, Rebecca, Daniel Dejoseph, and Edward M. Buchanan. "When to Stop Screening: A Review of Breast, Gynecologic, and Colorectal Cancer Screening in Women Over Age 65." Care Management Journals 11, no. 1 (March 2010): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1521-0987.11.1.48.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Because age alone is not an indicator of health, there is no clear consensus among the various cancer screening guidelines on when to stop cancer screening. For breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer, there are recommended screening tests, while, for other gynecologic cancers, there are not. When discussing with older women patients when to stop cancer screening, we encourage practitioners to review the goals of the screening test, assess the health and functional status of the patient, and discuss her values and health goals. To facilitate this discussion, we review proposed frameworks for determining when to screen older patients for cancer. We also review the concepts of “well” and “frail” older adults. Finally, we review the current screening recommendations for breast, gynecological, and colorectal cancers, and the reasoning behind them, from the United States Preventative Screening Task Force, the American Cancer Society, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the American Geriatric Society.
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Oakes, Allison H., Kelly Boyce, Catherine Patton, Sanjula Jain, and Cindy Revol. "Rates of routine cancer screening compared with pre-pandemic levels." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2023): 10573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.10573.
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10573 Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruptions to healthcare delivery in the US due to mandatory stay-at-home orders and patient fears about visiting healthcare facilities. A logical consequence, many forms of healthcare use, including cancer screenings, sharply decreased in early 2020. Early studies suggest that cancer screening rebounded through the summer of 2020; however, > 2 years removed from the start of the pandemic, the long-term impact of missed screenings is unknown. The objective of this study was to examine trends in breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening from 2017-2022. Methods: This cross-sectional study used the Trilliant Health national all-payer claims database to analyze calendar year quarterly medical claims from Q1 2017- Q2 2022. We limited the study sample to those aged 21-85, the guideline-concordant target populations for the screening procedures. For breast and cervical cancer, we limited our sample to women. Using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes, we calculated the quarterly number of individuals, per 100,000 eligible beneficiaries, who received screening for breast cancer, cervical cancer, and colorectal cancer. Percentage change in screening tests was compared. Results: In total, the analysis included > 300M unique individuals. For breast cancer, the median quarterly rate of pre-pandemic screening mammography was 8013 per 100k beneficiaries, which declined to 4,884 in Q2 of 2020—a 39% decrease. Screening mammography rebounded to pre-pandemic levels by Q3 and Q4 of 2020 but declined to a median rate of 7,314 per 100,000 beneficiaries in Q2 2022, with quarterly deficits ranging from 4-16%. For cervical cancer, the median quarterly rate of pre-pandemic screening was 5,469 per 100k beneficiaries. The rate of cervical cancer screening fell to 3,550 in Q2 of 2020—a 35% decline. By Q3 2020, cervical cancer screening rebounded toward the pre-pandemic median, then progressively declined to 4,557 per 100k beneficiaries by Q2 2022. Over the same time period, colorectal cancer screening decreased from a pre-pandemic median of 3,111 per 100k beneficiaries to 1,731 in Q2 of 2020—a 44% difference. From Q3 2020 to Q1 2022, the quarterly colorectal cancer screening rate remained 10-17% below pre-pandemic levels, but returned to 3,047 per 100k in Q2 2022, only 2% below the pre-pandemic median. Conclusions: Across the three studied cancer types, population-based screening remains below pre-pandemic levels. In agreement with other research, we find that screening quickly rebounded following the initial stages of the pandemic; however, the longer follow-up time reveals that gaps in preventive cancer screening returned and worsened. Underutilization of recommended cancer screenings will likely result in an increase in later-stage initial diagnoses and excess mortality from cancer in the future.
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Kazmi, Ali Rashed, and Justin Michael Barnes. "The association of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits and breast, cervix, and colorectal cancer screening." JCO Oncology Practice 19, no. 11_suppl (November 2023): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/op.2023.19.11_suppl.131.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
131 Background: Food insecurity is associated with healthcare access and utilization. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) was created to reduce food insecurity for low-income households and hence may enhance health-seeking behaviors. However, it is unknown whether receipt of SNAP benefits is associated with rates of cancer screening. Our objective was to quantify the relationship of SNAP benefit receipt with cancer screening among low income individuals at high risk for food insecurity. Methods: The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) provided by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention was utilized to identify high-risk adults ages 21 to 74 years eligible for screening for female cervix (21-65 years), colorectal (40-74 years), and/or female breast cancer (40-74 years). Data was included from the 2019 and 2021 surveys, with 2020 excluded due to limited cancer screening information. High-risk was defined as low or very low food security, household income < 125% federal poverty level, or having Medicaid insurance. Up to date cancer screening was defined as receipt of mammography within 2 years for breast cancer; receipt of a cervical cancer test within 5 years for cervix cancer; and receipt of sigmoidoscopy within the past 5 years, colonoscopy within 10 years, fecal immunohistochemistry (FIT) testing within 1 year, or sDNA-FIT testing within 3 years for colorectal cancer. We utilized logistic regression to compare screening rates by receipt of SNAP benefits and accounted for the complex survey design of the NHIS. Models were adjusted for covariates including age, race, ethnicity, sex (colorectal cancer screening only), income, education, marital status, insurance status, metropolitan residence status, survey year, food insecurity, and comorbidities. Results: A total of 6,111, 4,141, and 7,015 respondents were identified for cervix, breast, and colorectal cancer screening analyses, respectively. Among these respondents, 67%, 61%, and 60% were up to date on cervix, breast, and colorectal cancer screenings, respectively. Among this high-risk cohort, 43% of respondents reported receipt of SNAP benefits. Receipt of SNAP benefits was associated with increased odds of cervical cancer screening (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.00 – 1.39, P=.046), which was limited to females ages 21-39 (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.05 – 1.77, P=.022). Receipt of SNAP benefits was not associated with increased rates of breast or colorectal cancer screening. Conclusions: Receipt of SNAP benefits is associated with higher rates of cervical cancer screening among low-income females at high risk of food insecurity, particularly among young adults. These data suggest that efforts to address social determinants of health may improve access to care.
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Woo, Pauline P. S., Jane J. Kim, and Gabriel M. Leung. "What Is the Most Cost-Effective Population-Based Cancer Screening Program for Chinese Women?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 6 (February 9, 2007): 617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.06.0210.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose To develop a policy-relevant generalized cost-effectiveness (CE) model of population-based cancer screening for Chinese women. Methods Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) averted and associated screening and treatment costs under population-based screening using cervical cytology (cervical cancer), mammography (breast cancer), and fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), sigmoidoscopy, FOBT plus sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy (colorectal cancer) were estimated, from which average and incremental CE ratios were generated. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was undertaken to assess stochasticity, parameter uncertainty, and model assumptions. Results Cervical, breast, and colorectal cancers were together responsible for 13,556 DALYs (in a 1:4:3 ratio, respectively) in Hong Kong's 3.4 million female population annually. All status quo strategies were dominated, thus confirming the suboptimal efficiency of opportunistic screening. Current patterns of screening averted 471 DALYs every year, which could potentially be more than doubled to 1,161 DALYs under the same screening and treatment budgetary threshold of US $50 million with 100% Pap coverage every 4 years and 30% coverage of colonoscopy every 10 years. With higher budgetary caps, biennial mammographic screening starting at age 50 years can be introduced. Conclusion Our findings have informed how best to achieve allocative efficiency in deploying scarce cancer care dollars but must be coupled with better integrated care planning, improved intersectoral coordination, increased resources, and stronger political will to realize the potential health and economic gains as demonstrated.
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Eng, Victor A., Sean P. David, Shufeng Li, Mina S. Ally, Marcia Stefanick, and Jean Y. Tang. "The association between cigarette smoking, cancer screening, and cancer stage: a prospective study of the women’s health initiative observational cohort." BMJ Open 10, no. 8 (August 2020): e037945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037945.
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ObjectiveTo assess the dose-dependent relationship between smoking history and cancer screening rates or staging of cancer diagnoses.DesignProspective, population-based cohort study.SettingQuestionnaire responses from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Observational Study.Participants89 058 postmenopausal women.Outcome measuresLogistic regression models were used to assess the odds of obtaining breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening as stratified by smoking status. The odds of late-stage cancer diagnoses among patients with adequate vs inadequate screening as stratified by smoking status were also calculated.ResultsOf the 89 058 women who participated, 52.8% were never smokers, 40.8% were former smokers, and 6.37% were current smokers. Over an average of 8.8 years of follow-up, current smokers had lower odds of obtaining breast (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.51 to 0.59), cervical (OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.59), and colorectal cancer (OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.66 to 0.76) screening compared with never smokers. Former smokers were more likely than never smokers to receive regular screening services. Failure to adhere to screening guidelines resulted in diagnoses at higher cancer stages among current smokers for breast cancer (OR 2.78; 95% CI 1.64 to 4.70) and colorectal cancer (OR 2.26; 95% CI 1.01 to 5.05).ConclusionsActive smoking is strongly associated with decreased use of cancer screening services and more advanced cancer stage at the time of diagnosis. Clinicians should emphasise the promotion of both smoking cessation and cancer screening for this high-risk group.
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Smayda, Lauren C., Gretchen M. Day, Diana G. Redwood, Julie A. Beans, Vanessa Y. Hiratsuka, Sarah H. Nash, and Kathryn R. Koller. "Cancer Screening Prevalence among Participants in the Southcentral Alaska Education and Research towards Health (EARTH) Study at Baseline and Follow-Up." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 16 (August 18, 2023): 6596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20166596.
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Alaska Native communities are working to prevent cancer through increased cancer screening and early detection. We examined the prevalence of self-reported colorectal (CRC), cervical, and breast cancer screening among Alaska Native participants in the southcentral Alaska Education and Research toward Health (EARTH) study at baseline (2004–2006) and ten-year follow-up (2015–2017); participant characteristics associated with screening; and changes in screening prevalence over time. A total of 385 participants completed questionnaires at follow-up; 72% were women. Of those eligible for CRC screening, 53% of follow-up participants reported a CRC screening test within the past 5 years, significantly less than at baseline (70%) (p = 0.02). There was also a significant decline in cervical cancer screening between baseline and follow-up: 73% of women at follow-up vs. 90% at baseline reported screening within the past three years (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in reported breast cancer screening between baseline (78%) and follow-up (77%). Colorectal and cervical cancer screening prevalence in an urban, southcentral Alaska Native cohort declined over 10 years of follow-up. Increased cancer screening and prevention are needed to decrease Alaska Native cancer-related morbidity and mortality.
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Rockson, Lois, Margaret Swarbrick, and Carlos Pratt. "Cancer Screening in Behavioral Health Care Programs." Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association 26, no. 2 (October 3, 2019): 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078390319877227.
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OBJECTIVE: Adults with serious mental illnesses have a lower life expectancy attributable to many factors including metabolic disorders and cancer. Access to cancer screening has been shown to decrease morbidity and increase chances of survival. This study examined access to cancer screening services among individuals with serious mental illnesses served by a community behavioral health care agency partial hospitalization program at four locations. METHOD: A self-administered paper-and-pencil survey was provided to adults attending partial hospitalization programs. The survey consisted of open- and closed-ended questions about utilization, access to, and barriers to cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer screenings. RESULTS: Surveys were completed by 136 individuals. Participant screening rates were above national rates for cervical and breast cancer but lower for colorectal cancer. The main cited barrier to receiving the screening tests was lack of physician recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatric nurses are ideally suited to communicate with this population and other behavioral health care professions about the importance of these screenings. Communication should also advocate for improved education and increased support for cancer screenings to address this health care disparity.