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1
Foster, Sam. "Start spreading the word …" British Journal of Nursing 31, no. 5 (March 10, 2022): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2022.31.5.297.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, considers how best to start a movement to benefit the patient experience, such as the #CallMe movement, which encourages staff to use patients' preferred names
2
Tripathi, Manoj Kumar, Niraj Tripathi, Sushma Tiwari, Gyanendra Tiwari, Nishi Mishra, Dilip Bele, Rajesh Prasad Patel, Swapnil Sapre, and Sharad Tiwari. "Optimization of Different Factors for Initiation of Somatic Embryogenesis in Suspension Cultures in Sandalwood (Santalum album L.)." Horticulturae 7, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7050118.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Santalum album (L.) is a prized tropical tree species of high therapeutic and industrial importance. The wood of these naturally grown plants is extensively harvested to acquire therapeutically important metabolite santalol and be used for additional functions such as in wood statuette industries. Due to high demand, it is crucial to maintain a sufficient plant population. An easy protocol for establishing cell suspension culture initiated from the loose embryogenic callus mass of sandalwood was realized by shifting 6–8-week-old morphogenic calli acquired from the mature embryonic axis and cotyledon explant cultures in fluid media. The asynchronous embryogenic cultures were sloughed with clumps of flourishing cell clumps and embryos of various progressive phases along with diffident non-embryogenic tissues. The frequency of embryo proliferation was evidenced to determinethe expansion pace of embryogenic masses under diverse conditions. The intonation of initiation and creation of cell suspension was under the directive of the influence of exogenous plant growth regulators amended in the nutrient medium at different concentrations and combinations. Maximum relative growth rate (386%) and clumps/embryoids in elevated integers (321.44) were accomplished on MS nutrient medium fortified with 2.0 mg L−1 2,4-D in association with 0.5 mg L−1 BA and 30.0 g L−1 sucrose raised from mature embryonic axis-derived calli. Plantlet regeneration in higher frequency (84.43%) was evidenced on MS medium amended with 1.0 mg L−1 each of TDZ and GA3 in conjunction with 0.5 mg L−1 NAA and 20.0 g L−1 sucrose. Mature embryonic axis-derived calli were found to be constantly better than mature cotyledon-derived calli for raising profitable and reproducible cell suspension cultures. Regenerants displayed normal growth and morphology and were founded successfully in the external environment after hardening.
3
Tran, Hieu Trung, Chung Van Huynh, Hue Thi Linh Bui, Ngan Thi My Luong, Anh Lan Bui, and Le Van Bui. "In vitro propagation of Xao tam phan (Paramignya trimera (Oliv.) Guill.)." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 1, T2 (June 30, 2017): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v1it2.452.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Paramignya trimera (Oliv.) Guill., a woody climber commonly known as "Xao tam phan", has been used in Vietnamese folk for the treatment of numerous cancers. Due to word of mouth about the anticancer properties of this plant, its stems and roots have been overexploited leading to the serious decline of this species in Phu Yen, Khanh Hoa and Ninh Thuan provinces. The aim of the study was to establish an in vitro propagation protocol for the conservation of P. trimera. In this research shoot clusters (5–8 shoots/cluster) were regenerated from axillary bud explants of 1–3 year-old trees after 3 months of cultures on the WPM (woody plant medium) supplemented with STS 3 and BA 5–7 mg/L. STS (silver thiosulfate) was used to prevent the leaf abscission. These shoot clusters grew slowly and reached 1–3 cm in heights after 4 months of the cultures. These shoot clusters did not form any roots after 2 months of culture on the rooting media with IBA and/or NAA 1–5 mg/L. However, there was 51 % of the treated shoot clusters acclimatized and produced new stem and leaves after 2 months growing in greenhouse. WPM supplemented with STS 3, BA 5 and IBA 5 mg/L showed the best response for callus induction in leaf explants after 3 months of cultures. Among the callus types, the milky white compact calli were induced at the cut surface of leaf explants after 3 months of the cultures and became the compact and nodulated calli within 4 weeks later.
4
Kang, Namkil. "The So-called Corpus in Big Data." International Journal of Social Science And Human Research 05, no. 10 (October 23, 2022): 4595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v5-i10-26.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main goal of this article is to analyze 688 KCI (Korea Citation Index) articles in terms of the Biblio data collector and the software package NetMiner. A point to note is that there was a publication of 33 KCI articles in December in 2020, which have the highest frequency (33 articles) and the highest proportion (0.048). A further point to note is that the word study was the most frequently used keyword, followed by the word Corpus, and the word verb, in that order. It is interesting to note that topic 6 that is constituted by the words learner, English, study, verb, and student occurred in 125 articles (the highest). It is noteworthy that topic 6 was the most preferred by authors, followed by topic 5, topic1, and topic 8. With respect to degree (the frequency of documents), it is worthwhile noting that the word study was the most preferred by authors, followed by the word Corpus, the word result, the word analysis, and the word corpus. Finally, this article provides the visualization of which words are linked to the word corpus. To be more specific, the words language, student, translation and the Korean word malmwungchi ‘corpus’ are directly linked to the word corpus.
5
Stoehr, Michael U., Mantang Cai, and Louis Zsuffa. "Invitro plant regeneration via callus culture of mature Salixexigua." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, no. 12 (December 1, 1989): 1634–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-247.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Callus induction, callus growth, and plantlet regeneration were examined using leaf explants of three Salixexigua clones. Calli were initiated on three basal media supplemented with 0.1 mg/L (0.44 μM) or 0.5 mg/L (2.2 μM) of benzylaminopurine and 0.1 mg/L (0.45 μM) or 0.5 mg/L (2.3 μM) of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in a factorial fashion. After 7 weeks of growth, callus production was highest on woody plant medium. Developed calli were subsequently cultured on woody plant medium supplemented with either 0.1 or 0.5 mg/L of benzylaminopurine for shoot induction. Shoot primordia developed only at 0.1 mg/L (0.44 μM) benzylaminopurine in two clones, suggesting clonal variation in organogenic response. Shoots larger than 1.0 cm in length were successfully rooted in half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium without hormones.
6
Ruan, Yiqin, and Mark H. Brand. "In Vitro Responses of Tissues from Rhododendron Plants With and Without Tissue Proliferation." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 873D—873. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.873d.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rhododendron `Montego' shoot cultures initiated from plants with and without tissue proliferation (TP and NTP) served as explant sources for all studies (Note: in vitro TP shoot cultures produce primarily dwarf shoots, some long shoots, and stem tumors). Calli induced from TP leaves and tumors and NTP leaves were cultured on woody plant (WP) medium containing NAA and 2-iP. During the first 4 weeks of culture, calli from NTP leaves had higher relative growth rates than calli from TP leaves or tumors. However, calli from TP leaves and tumors grew faster than calli from NTP leaves for all subculture periods that followed. Shoot tips (5 mm) were excised from TP dwarf shoots, TP long shoots, and NTP shoots and were cultured on WP medium with or without 15 μM 2-iP. Shoot tips from TP dwarf and long shoots multiplied on medium without 2-iP, averaging 18.4 and 1.7 shoots per shoot tip in 12 weeks, respectively. Shoot tips from NTP shoots only multiplied when maintained on 2-iP-containing medium. When placed on 2-iP-containing medium, both types of TP shoot tips produced clusters of callus-like nodules that gave rise to highly tumorized, short shoots or leafy meristems.
7
Chanon, Ann M., and R. Daniel Lineberger. "THE EFFECT OF THIDIAZURON CONCENTRATION AND 2,4-D EXPOSURE ON SHOOT ORGANOGENESIS IN BIRCH." HortScience 28, no. 4 (April 1993): 263C—263. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.4.263c.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The genus Betula contains many important forest and ornamental species and a method of rapid clonal propagation of superior genotypes is needed. Thidiazuron (TDZ) is a potent synthetic plant growth regulator with cytokinin-like activity. TDZ was used to differentiate shoots after long term exposure to dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.4-D) as part of a larger study on clonal fidelity. Birch calli were cultured on Woody Plant Medium supplemented with 10-5 M 2,4-D for up to 30 weeks. The calli were transferred to media containing TDZ at concentrations of 10-6 to 10-9M. Most of the tissue which had not been exposed to 2.4-D differentiated shoots five weeks after being exposed to 10-6M TDZ. Increasing the of time exposure to 2.4-D or decreasing the concentration of TDZ delayed differentiation. Calli exposed to 2.4-D for more than 18 weeks rarely differentiated shoots regardless of the concentration of TDZ used.
8
S C Fernando. "Use of Arabinogalactan Proteins in Coconut (Cocos Nucifera L.) Tissue Culture: An Alternative Approach for Improved Tissue Response." CORD 27, no. 2 (October 1, 2011): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v27i2.112.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are extra-cellular proteins involved in plant growth and development. The effects of these proteins on in vitro response of different species are well documented. This study assessed for the first time the role of AGPs on tissue culture of coconut, a highly recalcitrant species in vitro. Coconut (Sri Lanka Tall) plumules were cultured in medium containing 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyaceticacid (2,4-D) for callogenesis. Calli were multiplied by subculturing onto freshly prepared callusing medium. Somatic embryos were induced by transferring of calli to medium with 2/3 concentration of initial 2,4-D and matured by subsequent transferring to medium without any hormones. Embryos were converted in the presence of gibberelic acid. Arabic gum (1-50 mgL-1) was used as the main source of AGP. Alternatively, different AGP sources like Larch wood gum, carrot seeds and defatted coconut kernel were also assessed. Arabic gum in callusing medium resulted in early callogenesis from 20-40% plumules compared to 10% in the control. However, it did not have a significant effect on final callusing efficiency. Its presence in somatic embryogenesis medium showed a significantly higher mass of embryogenic structures per an embryogenic clump (33.3-50.5mg) when compared to the control (26.9mg).The best result was obtained at 10mgL-1 Arabic gum. All AGP sources except Larch wood gum had positive effects on somatic embryogenesis. Among them, defatted coconut kernel (25-50mgL-1) showed the best results giving 70% cultures with embryogenic structures compared to 37% in control. However, so far, the positive effect of AGP did not reflect in plant regeneration efficiency.
9
Kranthi Kumar, G., K. Nagendra Prasad, and M. Raghu Ram. "Antioxidant activity and production of secondary metabolites of adult plant and in vitro calli of Anodendron paniculatum." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 11, no. 3 (September 10, 2019): 632–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i3.2132.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The members of the family Apocynaceae are the rich in alkaloids, terpinoids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and hydrocarbons. Anodendron paniculatum Roxb. is an woody climber, the roots of which have been used to control vomiting and cough. In the present study, adult plant and tissue culture plant extracts of A. paniculatum collected from Eastern Ghats, Araku, Andhra Pradesh were used for the production of their secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity. Methanol extracts of calli showed high contents of total phenol and alkaloid with 25.53 and 25.98 mg/g respectively. Methanol extract of tissue culture plant at higher concentrations showed better antioxidant activity with reference to standard ascorbic acid. For this study different concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 µg/ml) of extracts were prepared by using four different solvents. Tissue culture extracts from methanol showed maximum scavenging activity with 231.9±1.39 % at 200 µg/ml of concentration, while that of adult plant extracts showed the scavenging activity of 189.1±0.74% only. These results on high antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of A. paniculatum calli can be attributed to the presence of high phenolic and alkaloid contents in calli when compared to that of adult plant extract.
10
Munasinghe, D. Sachithri P., Seneviratnege Somaratne, Shyama R. Weerakoon, and Chandani Ranasinghe. "In vitro production of sesquiterpenes by electro-elicitation in Gyrinops walla Gaetner calli and cell suspension cultures." EuroBiotech Journal 5, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ebtj-2021-0011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Aloeswood or Agarwood has long been perfumery commodity traded between Mediterranean Region and Southeast Asia since ancient times. Oil or chips are obtained by destructive harvesting of several Thymeleaceous genera includes Aquilaria and Gonystylus and are expensive and highly demanded ingredients in the global market. The recent recovery of Gyrinops walla as a potential producer of market-quality agarwood in mature damaged woods and branches, the intense illicit felling and exportation G. walla leading to the verge of extinction from Sri Lankan flora. The sustainable utilization of G. walla undoubtedly enhances the foreign exchange of the country and the non-destructive utilization G. walla through biotechnology is the only option available for sustainable exploitation and conservation of the vulnerable G. walla species. An electro-elicitation apparatuses were designed and built to stimulate calli and cell suspensions. The elicited and calli and cell suspensions were harvested at different time periods to extract sesquiterpenes. Current intensities of 10 mA and 50 mA, and 0.1 mA were the optimum values for the induction of sesquiterpenes; γ-selinene, β-caryophyllene, α-cadinol and α-guaiene, production in both calli and cell suspension after 8 weeks and 6 hours, respectively. The findings of the study led to conclude the possibility of induction of production of sesquiterpenes through electro-elicitation of G. walla calli and cell suspension in an in vitro system for sustainable utilization and conservation endeavours.
11
Lawton, Lesley Suzanne. "Margery Kempe : the Flesh, the Word and the Text." Caliban 31, no. 1 (1994): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/calib.1994.1283.
Повний текст джерела
12
Auda-André, Valérie, and Gilles Menegaldo. "Formes de l'intertextualité dans trois films de Woody Allen." Caliban 32, no. 1 (1995): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/calib.1995.1301.
Повний текст джерела
13
Brand, Mark H. "099 Indirect and Direct Regeneration of Kalmia latifolia." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 458D—458. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.458d.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To introduce desirable trait genes into Kalmia latifolia, efficient adventitious shoot regeneration methods are needed. Silver Dollar (S$) callus induction and growth in the dark was compared on Woody Plant (WP) medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (1, 5, 10, 20 μM) or naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (1, 10, 20, 40 μM) with and without 5 μM isopentenyladenine (2iP). Both 2,4-D and NAA produced >450 mg of callus from leaf explants in 8 weeks. The addition of 2iP tripled growth for 2,4-D and doubled growth for NAA. Greatest callus growth was obtained on 20-40 μM NAA or 5-20 μM 2,4-D. Shoot regeneration on callus was achieved on WP medium containing 30 μM 2iP or 1 μM thidiazuron (TDZ), but a combination of the two was best, with 68% of dark-grown calli regenerating shoots in 4 weeks. 26% more dark-grown calli regenerated shoots than light-grown calli. The type of auxin (2,4-D or NAA) used to grow the calli did not affect shoot regeneration. For direct shoot regeneration, S$ leaf explants were tested on WP medium containing 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 μM 2iP. The addition of 1 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) doubled the percentage of leaves that regenerated shoots. 2iP concentrations between 15 and 45 μM supported excellent shoot regeneration, but optimal regeneration (95% of explants, 5.1 shoots/leaf) occurred on 30 μM 2iP+1 μM IBA. Leaf explants of six cultivars were grown on optimal medium with shoot regeneration ranging from 17% to 93% of leaves and 1.8 to 8.2 shoots per leaf, depending on the cultivar.
14
Uddin, M. Rafique, Martin M. Meyer Jr., and J. J. Jokela. "Plantlet production from anthers of Eastern cottonwood (Populusdeltoïdes)." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, no. 7 (July 1, 1988): 937–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x88-142.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Plantlets were obtained by organogenesis from cultured anthers of Populusdeltoides (Bartr.). Anthers formed callus in the dark on modified Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 9.0 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 4.7 μM kinetin. Anther calli were differentiated into shoots by sequential transfer in the light onto Murashige and Skoog medium containing 4.4 μM benzylamino purine and 1.1 μM naphthaleneacetic acid for 4 weeks, followed by several transfers to woody plant medium with 2.2 μM benzylamino purine and 1.1 μM naphthaleneacetic acid. The shoots that formed were rooted by excising and transferring to woody plant medium supplemented with 1.0 μM indole-3-butyric acid. A few of these plants were found to be haploid. Two plants developed male terminal inflorescences, but died shortly thereafter.
15
Pareti, D. Flores, L. Rudolph, and V. Valdebenito. "Collaboration, Conservation of local commerce and green architecture in larch tiles as facilitators of Sustainable Heritage Development. The case of the Centennial axis of Chonchi, Chiloé Chile." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1026, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1026/1/012056.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The present study aims to explore how collaboration, the conservation of local trade and green architecture in larch tiles can facilitate Sustainable Heritage Development.The centennial axis of Chonchi in Chiloé has been selected as a case study, since (1) it is an axis that has been declared a typical area by the Council of National Monuments, (2) it is an iconic axis of the rescue and enhancement of local trade and rescue of trades, (3) the axis has mansions that reinterpret the neoclassical style and have been built in wooden tiles, (4) it is located in Chonchi, the three-story city in Patagonia (plateau, ravine y Fronteramar) (is that really something differentiating?), (4) in the center of Centenario Street, is the Museum of Chonchinas Traditions, managed by the neighborhood group by the Center for Development and Progress of Chonchi to maintain neighborhood seal and collaboration between local actors. The methodology is developed through the analysis of each of the heritage houses on Calle Centenario de Chonchi. Analyzing its: facade, wood and tile used, land use (commercial, residential, cultural, etc.), year of construction (see if there is any other variable that may be relevant to review). It is concluded that collaboration, the conservation of local commerce and green architecture in larch tiles facilitate Sustainable Heritage Development, as observed in the case of Calle Centenario de Chonchi, Chiloé Chile.
16
Hutton, Sarah. "Authority and the Word : Henry More, William Penn and the logos." Anglophonia/Caliban 17, no. 1 (2005): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/calib.2005.1550.
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Supriyanto and R. Rohr. "In vitro regeneration of plantlets of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) with mycorrhizal roots from subcultured callus initiated from needle adventitious buds." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 8 (August 1, 1994): 1144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-140.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Plantlets were regenerated from cultures established from Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) meristematic tissue. Seedling explants were first stimulated to develop axillary buds. Developing axillary buds produced numerous new meristems that gave rise to globular adventitious buds located along the needles on half-strength modified Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with coconut milk and 6-benzylaminopurine. A histological study showed that these new buds originated from dedifferentiated mesophyll and epidermal tissues of the needles. Some of these buds were used for the regeneration of whole plantlets, others were excised and transferred to woody plant medium, on which calli developed at the bases of the microcuttings These calli were organogenic when subcultured on a hormone-free medium and initiated a large number of rooted plantlets that showed high potential to multiply themselves indefinitely. This is the first report of regeneration of Scots pine from a subculturable organogenic line. Mycorrhizae were initiated for both types of plantlets with Hebeloma cylindrosporum on a perlite substrate under fully controlled conditions. Mycorrhizae improved the transfer of the plantlets to ex vitro conditions. Key words: organogenesis, mycorrhizae, tissue culture, Pinus sylvestris.
18
Peck, Jee-Young. "Sun & Givón (1985)’s On the So-called SOV Word Order in Mandarin Chinese: A Quantified Text Study and Its Implications." Journal of Chinese Language, Literature and Translation 45 (July 31, 2019): 407–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35822/jcllt.2019.07.45.407.
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Machovikov, Alexei, Kirill Stolyarov, Maxim Chernov, Ian Sinclair, and Iliana Machovikova. "Computer-Based Training System for Russian Word Pronunciation." Computer Assisted Language Learning 15, no. 2 (April 2002): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/call.15.2.201.8192.
Повний текст джерела
20
Leksonowati, Aryani, Witjaksono Witjaksono, and Diah Ratnadewi. "INDUKSI BIAK KALUS DAN BIAK SUSPENSI SEL Aquilaria malaccensis Lam." BERITA BIOLOGI 16, no. 1 (July 7, 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/beritabiologi.v16i1.2687.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. is a plant species producing fragrant woody material that contains some resin. The compounds can be used as medicine and perfume. Sesquiterpenoid, one group of compounds has been found being synthesized and subsequently extracted from callus and cell suspension culture of Aquilaria species. The aim of this research was to find a method of producing friable calli and cell suspension cultures from leaves or internodes of A. malaccensis in vitro by using suitable plant growth regulators; cell suspension that will suitably serve as material to produce sesquiterpenoid afterwards. Calli were established in almost all treatments of auxin-cytokinin on both leaves and internod explants. The treatment of 10 mg/L IBA induced the highest percentage of callus coverage from leaves with a rather compact structure. The combined treatment of 1–2 mg/L 2.4-D and 0.2–0.3 mg/L BA induced friable callus formation in more than 80% of cultures with 27–32% callus coverage percentage. The use of 2,4-D induced a better formation of cell suspension than Picloram, with maximum volume up to 7 mL. Cell suspension culture with fine and homogenous aggregate could be established in the medium supplemented with 0.5 –1 mg/L 2,4-D.
21
Thammina, Chandra, Mingyang He, Litang Lu, Kaishuang Cao, Hao Yu, Yongqin Chen, Liangtao Tian, et al. "In Vitro Regeneration of Triploid Plants of Euonymus alatus ‘Compactus’ (Burning Bush) from Endosperm Tissues." HortScience 46, no. 8 (August 2011): 1141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.8.1141.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb., commonly known as “burning bush,” is an extremely popular landscape plant in the United States as a result of its brilliant showy red leaves in fall. However, E. alatus is also seriously invasive because of its prolific seed production and effective seed dispersal by birds. Thus, development of sterile, non-invasive, seedless triploid E. alatus is in high demand. In this article, we report successful production of triploid E. alatus using endosperm tissues as explants. In our study, ≈50% of immature endosperm explants and 14% of mature endosperm explants formed compact, green calli after culture in the dark for 8 weeks and then under light for 4 weeks on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.2 μM BA and 2.7 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Approximately 5.6% of the immature endosperm-derived calli and 13.4% of mature endosperm-derived calli initiated shoots within 8 weeks after they were cultured on MS medium with 4.4 μM benzyladenine (BA) and 0.5 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Eighty-five percent of shoots rooted after culture on woody plant medium (WPM) containing 4.9 μM IBA for 2 weeks and then on hormone-free WPM medium containing 2.0 g·L−1 activated charcoal for 4 weeks. Eight independently regenerated triploid plants have been identified. Triploid plant regeneration rates observed were 0.42% from immature endosperm explants and 0.34% from mature endosperm explants, respectively, based on the number of endosperm explants cultured. Because triploid plants cannot produce viable seeds, and thus are sterile and non-invasive, some triploid E. alatus plant lines reported here can be used to replace the currently used invasive counterparts. Chemical names used: benzyladenine (BA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).
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Conde-Silvestre, J. Camilo. "Multilingualism and Language Contact in the Cely Letters." Anglia 139, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 327–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ang-2021-0023.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The Cely Letters is a well-known collection of correspondence exchanged by members of this London family of wool merchants and their associates between 1472 and 1488. A substantial part of the corpus was written and received by factors based in Calais, which had been an English outpost in France since 1346 and was strategically connected to the wool marts of the Low Countries. The great majority of the letters are monolingual English texts, thus attesting to the widespread use of the vernacular in personal correspondence by the late fifteenth century. Nevertheless, behind the monolingual English surface, traces of multilingualism are revealed. In this paper, I intend to analyse this issue with a twofold purpose. In the first place, attention will be paid to the multilingual background of the letters, considering both the persistent use of French in late medieval England and the specificity of the business transactions carried out at Calais and the marts, where language contact must have been the norm. In the second place, different textual reflections of such contact in the letters are examined and classified, both as regards the generic conventions of letter writing and as part of the multilingual business context where they were produced and received.
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Dai, Wenhao, Zong-Ming Cheng, and Wayne Sargent. "042 Efficient Transformation of Elite Aspen Hybrids." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 395D—395. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.395d.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A high-efficiency regeneration/transformation system was developed for three elite aspen hybrids (Populus tremuloides × P.tremula, P.tremuloides × P.davidiana, and P. × canescens × P. grandidentata). On both modified MS medium for aspen (MSA) and Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with zeatin (2.0 mg/L) and NAA (1.0 mg/L), nearly 100% leaf explants formed calli, of which 80% to 100% regenerated into shoots on both media with 2.0mg/L zeatin and 0.01 mg/L TDZ. Bacterial concentration, pH value of the co-cultivation medium, and acetosyringone were evaluated for enhancing transformation efficiency. Agrobacterial concentration at 1.0 Absorbance at OD600 was better than at 0.1, 0.5 Abs, yielding 80% and 75% of callus induction rates from agrobacterium harboring CaMV35s and Heat shock promoter constructs, respectively. The pH of co-cultivation medium, ranging 5.0 to 5.9, did not have any effect on transformation frequency. Acetosyringone was added to the co-cultivation medium and/or to the callus induction medium, the induction of kanamycin-resistant callus increased from 70% to 80% to 90% to 100%, and the size of callus also increased. Acetosyringone had no effect on shoot regeneration from kanamycin-resistant calli. Regenerated aspen shoots were screened on the kanamycin-containing medium, and confirmed by GUS histochemical assay. The GUS-positive plants were further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, showing that the nptII, uidA, and rolB genes were integrated into the aspen genomes.
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Pereira, Cátia, Itziar A. Montalbán, Ana Pedrosa, Jéssica Tavares, Alexey Pestryakov, Nina Bogdanchikova, Jorge Canhoto, and Paloma Moncaleán. "Regeneration of Pinus halepensis (Mill.) through Organogenesis from Apical Shoot Buds." Forests 12, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12030363.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis have been widely applied as the two main regeneration pathways in plant tissue cultures. However, recalcitrance is still the main restriction in the clonal propagation of many woody species, especially in conifers. They undergo a “phase change” that leads to significant loss of vegetative propagation capacity, reducing the aptitude of tissues and organs to be regenerated in vitro beyond this point. In line with this, the in vitro regeneration of mature conifer trees has been a long-cherished goal in many laboratories worldwide. Based on previous works in Pinus species regeneration from adult trees, we now present data about the culture of apical shoot buds in an attempt to induce organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis to clone mature trees of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis). Reinvigorated axillary shoots were submitted to conditions usually applied to induce somatic embryogenesis through the manipulation of culture media, including the use of auxins such as 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid, cytokinins (6-benzyladenine and kinetin), and phytosulfokine (50, 100, and 200 nM). Although somatic embryos could not be obtained, an embryogenic-like tissue was produced, followed by the emergence of actively proliferating non-embryogenic calli. Variations in the consistence, texture, and color of non-embryogenic calli were observed; especially those arising in the media containing phytosulfokine. Reinvigorated shoots, induced by 22 or 44 µM 6-benzyladenine, were obtained through organogenesis and acclimatized, and phenotypically normal plants were obtained.
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Rout, G. R., S. Samantaray, and P. Das. "EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS AND CULTURE ENVIRONMENT ON SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS OF ACACIA CATECHU WILLD." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 43, no. 3 (May 13, 1995): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.1995.10676611.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Somatic embryogenesis was achieved from callus derived from immature cotyledons of Acacia catechu Willd on Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with 13.9 μM kinetin and 2.7 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid. Somatic embryos formed when the calli were grown for 2 weeks in the dark followed by incubation in the light with a 16-h photoperiod. Embryogenesis did not occur with continuous incubation in either the dark or the light. The addition of L-proline (0.87–5.21 mM) to the medium promoted the development of somatic embryos and induced secondary somatic embryogenesis. The light-green somatic embryos germinated on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2% (w/v) sucrose devoid of growth regulators. Somatic embryos germinated into plantlets which were hardened in the greenhouse and subsequently transferred to the field.
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Rodriguez-Reyes, Oris, Peter Gasson, Carolyn Thornton, Howard J. Falcon-Lang, and Nathan A. Jud. "Panascleroticoxylon crystallosa gen. et sp. nov.: a new Miocene malpighialean tree from Panama." IAWA Journal 38, no. 4 (December 6, 2017): 437–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-20170178.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTWe report fossil wood specimens from two Miocene sites in Panama, Central America: Hodges Hill (Cucaracha Formation; Burdigalian, c. 19 Ma) and Lago Alajuela (Alajuela Formation; Tortonian, c. 10 Ma), where material is preserved as calcic and silicic permineralizations, respectively. The fossils show an unusual combination of features: diffuse porous vessel arrangement, simple perforation plates, alternate intervessel pitting, vessel–ray parenchyma pits either with much reduced borders or similar to the intervessel pits, abundant sclerotic tyloses, rays markedly heterocellular with long uniseriate tails, and rare to absent axial parenchyma. This combination of features allows assignment of the fossils to Malpighiales, and we note similarities with four predominantly tropical families: Salicaceae, Achariaceae, and especially, Phyllanthaceae, and Euphorbiaceae. These findings improve our knowledge of Miocene neotropical diversity and highlight the importance of Malpighiales in the forests of Panama prior to the collision of the Americas.
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Moss, Rachel E. "Ready to Disport with You: Homosocial Culture amongst the Wool Merchants of Fifteenth-century Calais." History Workshop Journal 86 (2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dby014.
Повний текст джерела
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Salnik, Nadezhda V., Sergey N. Gorbov, Olga S. Bezuglova, Aleksey K. Sherstnev, and Pavel N. Skripnikov. "Microelement Distribution in Native Soils of Rostov Agglomeration under Different Groups of Plant Communities." UNIVERSITY NEWS. NORTH-CAUCASIAN REGION. NATURAL SCIENCES SERIES, no. 1 (213) (March 31, 2022): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1026-2237-2022-1-71-79.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article deals with the content and distribution of microelements in the profile of native soils of the Rostov agglomeration under different types of woody plant communities. Determination of microelement content was carried out by X-ray fluorescence method on "Spectroscan MAKS-GV" device. Calcic Chernozems (Pachic) under natural steppe vegetation and their analogues under artificial tree formations were studied. Man-made forest plantations in the steppe zone provide conditions for accumulation of zinc and lead in the upper humus-accumulative horizons, and copper at the carbonate barrier layer in illuvial-carbonate horizons of chernozem.
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Lu, Ying, Zhuoyi Liu, Meiling Lyu, Yuan Yuan, and Binghua Wu. "Characterization of JsWOX1 and JsWOX4 during Callus and Root Induction in the Shrub Species Jasminum sambac." Plants 8, no. 4 (March 29, 2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8040079.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Plant regeneration in vitro and the underlying molecular regulatory network are of great interest to developmental biology, and have potential applications in agriculture and biotechnology. Cell growth and re-differentiation during de novo organogenesis require the activation and reprogramming of stem cells within the stem cell niche of the tissues. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) factors play important roles in the maintenance and regulation of plant stem cells and are involved in many developmental processes. However, in woody species such as the Jasminum sambac, little is known about the involvement of WOX genes in de novo organogenesis. Here we show that two WOXs, JsWOX4 and JsWOX1, are implicated in callus proliferation and root regeneration, respectively. The expression of both, together with another member JsWOX13, are upregulated during later stage of callus formation. The JsWOX4 is associated with callus proliferation, or cell division during the redifferentiation. The overexpression of this gene results in up-regulation of JsWOX13 and another homeobox gene. The JsWOX1 plays a role in root primordium initiation, as its overexpression leads to more rooty calli and more roots per callus. JsWOX1 also possibly acts upstream of JsWOX4 and JsWOX13 transcriptionally. Our results provide further evidence regarding the functions of WOX genes in organogenesis in a woody plant.
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Ahmed, Mohamed A. A., Miao Miao, Emmanouil D. Pratsinakis, Hongliang Zhang, Wei Wang, Yuan Yuan, Meiling Lyu, et al. "Protoplast Isolation, Fusion, Culture and Transformation in the Woody Plant Jasminum spp." Agriculture 11, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11080699.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Plant protoplasts are significant for plant cell culture, somatic cell fusion, genetics, and breeding studies. In addition, in vitro plant regeneration has great importance for developmental biology, manifesting potential applications in agriculture and biotechnology. In this regard, we present a well-established protocol regarding protoplast isolation, cell culture and protoplast fusion of Jasminum spp. In particular, different tissues of Jasminum samab L. and Jasminum mesnyi were employed for protoplast isolation, and stem explants provided a high callus induction rate in a short period of time. The best source for protoplast isolation was calli tissues. The optimized isolation protocol consisted of digesting callus in an enzyme solution containing 0.4 M mannitol, 0.2 M MES, 1 M CaCl2, 0.2 M KCL and 1 M NaH2PO4, 1.5% Cellulases onozuka R-10, 0.4% Macerozyme R-10 and 0.8% Pectinase for 4 h at 26 °C in the dark, providing a yield of 23.8 × 106 Protoplast/gFW with 88% viability. Protoplasts were cultured both in liquid and agarose medium under optimum conditions, leading to microcalli formation after eight weeks. A 5% protoplast-fusion rate can be achieved when cultured in 40% (w/v) PEG-MW6000 supplemented with 0.1 M CaCl2, 0.1 M sorbitol and 1 M Tris for 20 min. Furthermore, we developed an efficient PEG-mediated transformation protocol for jasmine protoplasts. The best results regarding protoplast transformation were obtained when the protoplast concentration was 4 × 105 cells/mL and the exogenous plasmid DNA added had a concentration of 10 µg DNA/100 µL protoplast solution, followed by the application of 40% PEG-4000 for 10 min.
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Behbahani, Mandana, Mehrnaz Shanehsazzadeh, and Mohamad Javad Hessami. "Optimization of callus and cell suspension cultures of Barringtonia racemosa (Lecythidaceae family) for lycopene production." Scientia Agricola 68, no. 1 (February 2011): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162011000100011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lycopene is present in a range of fresh fruits and vegetables, especially in the leaves of Barringtonia racemosa. The traditional lycopene extraction from the plant is being employed instead of an easy propagation technique like cell culture process from the leaf explants. We intend to assess how lycopene could be extracted via tissue culture under light (illuminance: 8,200 lux under white fluorescent lamps, photoperiod 16 h per day at 25ºC) and dark. Leaf explants of Barringtonia racemosa were cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS), Woody Plant Medium (WPM) and B5 media, supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Optimal conditions for callus induction and maintenance under both dark and light were investigated, and growth and lycopene accumulation were evaluated. Among media with different concentrations of 2,4-D, fast growing, friable callus initiated within three weeks after culturing on WPM basal medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L-1 (weight per volume) of 2,4-D, whereas callus induction in explants cultured on all other media started only after five weeks. Calli were subcultured once every fortnight. Pale yellow and green calli developed under conditions of dark and light respectively were then selected for evaluation of their lycopene contents. An improved reversed phase of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used for a selective chemical determination of the lycopene content. Light induced lycopene production; and likewise maximum lycopene level incubated in light was higher than those incubated in darkness. The best growth rates of callus and cell suspension were achieved in WPM and B5 media respectively. The production of lycopene was growth-dependent through analysis of growth and lycopene content of both callus and cell suspension cultures.
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Franco, E. T. H., L. B. Gavioli, and A. G. Ferreira. "In vitro regeneration of Didymopanax morototoni." Brazilian Journal of Biology 66, no. 2a (May 2006): 455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842006000300011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present study aimed at establishing a complete plant regeneration protocol for Didymopanax morototoni (matchwood), a native Brazilian forest species. Four types of explants (root, shoot, node, and cotyledonary leaves) were obtained from in vitro germinated seeds. In the first step, woody plant medium (WPM) with casein hydrolysate (250 mgL-1 ) and 2,4-D (1.0 and 5.0 mgL-1) were used combined with kinetin (0.1 and 1.0 mgL-1). Twenty days after inoculation, the material was evaluated. Embryogenic calli were split, transferred to expression medium with several combinations of NAA and KIN, and moved to fresh medium after 60 days. Light did not interfere in embryo expression. Somatic embryos were formed either from individual cells or cell clusters. Plantlets were obtained in WPM medium and 10 gL-1 of sucrose with no plant regulator, or using 0.1 mgL-1 BAP and 0.5 mgL-1GA. Plantlets from somatic embryos of D. morototoni developed in 33% of the cases.
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Faizal, Ahmad, Rizkita Rachmi Esyanti, Nadia Puji Utami, Alda Wydia Prihartini Azar, Dina Hermawaty, Titis Setiyobudi, Andri Fadillah Martin, Betalini Widhi Hapsari, and Maman Turjaman. "Elicitation of Secondary Metabolites in Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. Callus Culture by Crude Mycelial Extract of Fusarium solani and Methyl Jasmonate." Forests 14, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14010048.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Agarwood is a resinous wood of great economic value produced by trees from the Thymelaeaceae family in response to stress. The natural formation of agarwood can take decades after exposure to the stressors. Artificial agarwood induction by inoculating the stem with fungi has been successfully demonstrated, but resin accumulation occurs very slowly. Cell suspension and callus cultures may serve as an alternative solution to provide a fast-growing plant material to produce artificial agarwood in a short period. Here, we induced agarwood formation in callus cultures of Aquilaria malaccensis by application of crude mycelial extracts of Fusarium solani strains GSL1 or GSL2, or methyl jasmonate (MeJA). After 20 days of treatment with elicitors, all treated calluses had less dry weight than the control group. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis identified 33 different secondary metabolites among all samples, four of which were present in all treatments and control, i.e., 1-docosene and 1-octadecene (alkenes), 4-di-tert-buthylphenol (phenolic), and benzenepropanoic acid (fatty acid). The 6-methoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenethyl)-4H-chromene-4-one, a chromone derivative, was only detected in callus elicited with the F. solani strain GSL2 and MeJA. All treated calli produced more fatty acid derivatives than the control group. We conclude that elicitors used in this study can induce the production of agarwood-related chemicals such as chromone and fatty acid in callus culture.
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Wang, Nan, Yingshuang Liu, Chaohua Dong, Yugang Zhang, and Suhua Bai. "MdMAPKKK1 Regulates Apple Resistance to Botryosphaeria dothidea by Interacting with MdBSK1." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 8 (April 16, 2022): 4415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084415.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Plant MAPK cascade performs a critical role in the regulation of plant immunity and disease resistance. Although the function of MAPK cascade in immunity regulation is partially conserved between different species, the mechanism varies in different host and pathogen combinations. To date, the MAPK cascade function of woody plants in the regulation of disease resistance has seldom been reported. Here, we present evidence to show that apple MdMAPKKK1 performed an important role in the regulation of apple resistance to Botryosphaeria dothidea, the causal agent of apple ring rot. B. dothidea infection leads to enhanced MdMAPKKK1 expression and MAPK cascade activation, indicating that the MAPK cascade is involved in the defense against B. dothidea. MdMAPKKK1 overexpression-induced pathogen-independent cell death. MdMAPKKK1 silencing decreases the resistance of apple calli and fruits to B. dothidea. Further analysis indicates that MdMAPKKK1 can bind MdBSK1 and is likely phosphorylated by it. The MdBSK1-mediated phosphorylation of MdMAPKKK1 is important for resistance to B. dothidea. These results collectively indicate that apple resistance to B. dothidea is regulated by the interaction between MAPKKK1 and MdBSK1.
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Ogita, Shinjiro, Masahito Shichiken, Chizuru Ito, Toshiyuki Yamashita, Taiji Nomura та Yasuo Kato. "A Stepwise Protocol for Induction and Selection of Prominent Coniferous Cell Cultures for the Production of β-Thujaplicin". Natural Product Communications 10, № 5 (травень 2015): 1934578X1501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000521.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to demonstrate the potential of plant cell culture systems to produce a target natural bioactive compound, we proposed a stepwise protocol for β-thujaplicin production as follows. 1. Induction phase: Characteristics of callus cultures originating from newly flushed shoots of 10 conifer species were evaluated on different basal media such as Murashige and Skoog (MS), Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH), and Lloyd and McCown's Woody Plant medium (WP) containing 10 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) either alone or in combination with 1 μM of N6-benzyladenine (BA). The conifer species used were as follows: Chamaecyparis ( C. obtusa Sieb. et Zucc. and C. pisifera Sieb. et Zucc), Juniperus (J. chinensis L. ‘Kaizuka', J. chinensis L. var. sargentii, and J. conferta Parlatore), Thuja (T. occidentals L. and T. standishii (Gord.) Carr.), Thujopsis (T. dolabrata Sieb. et Zucc. and T. dolabrata Sieb. et Zucc. var. hondae), and Cryptomeria (C. japonica D. Don). We observed the phenotypes of each callus to determine the optimal conditions for callus induction and to infer biosynthetic activity of the calli over 4–8 weeks. 2. Habituation phase: Each of the cell cultures obtained was transferred to a modified MS medium containing 680 mg L−1 KH2PO4 and 10 μM Picloram to select the habituated cells with synchronous growth pattern. The growth of each cell culture was highly improved in the habituation medium, except that of J. chinensis ‘Kaizuka'. 3. Metabolite-production phase: The concentration of β-thujaplicin (known as hinokitiol in Japan) in the shoots of donor trees and the habituated cell cultures was analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Histochemical characteristics of the cells were also observed using laser scanning microscopy (LSM) imaging. After the third step, we tested the biosynthetic activity of two habituated calli ( C. obtusa and J. conferta) on a 0.3%, w/v, yeast extract (YE)-containing medium. We found significant improvement in β-thujaplicin production in J. conferta callus (4600 μg g DW-1), which was up to 20-fold higher than in the habituation phase.
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Costa, Andrey de Oliveira, Lázara Aline Simões Silva, Isabella Mendes Duarte, Vitor Fernandes Sampaio, Mariana Machado, Givanildo Zildo da Silva, Maurecilne Lemes da Silva, and Diego Ismael Rocha. "Kinetin and 6-benzyladenine induce different morphogenetic responses in cotyledonary segments of royal poinciana." Ornamental Horticulture 25, no. 3 (September 2019): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v25i3.2040.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Understanding the in vitro performance of royal poinciana explants cultured in media supplemented with different types and concentrations of cytokinins may aid in the optimization of regeneration systems established for this woody species. In the present study we evaluate the in vitro performance of royal poinciana cotyledonary explants cultured in the presence of high concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and kinetin (KIN). Cotyledonary segments obtained from in vitro germinated seedlings were inoculated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented with different concentrations (1, 2, 4, 8 mg L-1) of BA or KIN. In the control treatment, no plant growth regulators (PGRs) were added. After 40 days of culture, regardless of the concentration used, the treatments supplemented with BA presented higher calli percentage and fresh mass compared to treatments supplemented with KIN. Adventitious shoots were mainly observed in BA-treatments. Histological analysis showed that adventitious shoots formed at the periphery of callus formed from mesophyll cells in the regions of the explant sectioning. The results obtained provide new information for the establishment of a micropropagation system for royal poinciana, an important ornamental tree species.
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SHARIFMOGHADAM, Naimeh, Abbas SAFARNEJAD, and Sayed Mohammad TABATABAEI. "The Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Callus Induction and Regeneration of Amygdalus communis." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 3, no. 3 (August 25, 2011): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb335931.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Almond (Amygdalus communis) is one of the most important and oldest commercial nut crops, belonging to the Rosaceae family. Almond has been used as base material in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, hygienically and food industry. Propagation by tissue culture technique is the most important one in woody plants. In the current research, in vitro optimization of tissue culture and mass production of almond was investigated. In this idea, explants of actively growing shoots were collected and sterilized, then transferred to MS medium with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators. The experiment was done in completely randomized blocks design, with 7 treatment and 30 replications. After 4 weeks, calli induction, proliferation, shoot length and number of shoot per explants were measured. Results showed that the best medium for shoot initiation and proliferation was MS + 0.5 mg/l IAA (Indol-3-Acetic Acid) + 1 mg/l BA (Benzyl Adenine). Autumn was the best season for collecting explants. The shoots were transferred to root induction medium with different concentrations of plant growth regulators. The best root induction medium was MS + 0.5 mg/l IBA (Indol Butyric Acid).
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Nasrat, Mohammad Nasim, Siti Zaharah Sakimin, and Mansor Hakiman. "Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities of Conventionally Propagated Nodal Segment and In Vitro-Induced Callus of Bougainvillea glabra Choisy Using Different Solvents." Horticulturae 8, no. 8 (August 8, 2022): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8080712.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bougainvillea, popularly known as ‘Bunga kertas’ in Malaysia, is thoroughly explored for nutritional and medicinal purposes. Bougainvillea has been shown to possess alkaloids and flavonoids which are widely used in folk medicine to treat different illnesses such as inflammatory, diarrheal, ulcer, and diabetic. Despite its major conventional therapeutic importance, only limited attempts have been made to investigate this species’ chemical and pharmacological properties in relation to its medicinal uses. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of in vitro-induced callus under different light conditions and plant growth regulators on phytochemical and antioxidant activities using different extraction solvents. Based on the results, the maximum days (17.67) to callus initiation were recorded when nodal was cultured on woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 7.5 µM 2,4-D + 0.5 µM BAP under light condition. On the contrary, the minimum days (7) to callus initiation were obtained when nodal was treated with 2.5 and 5 µM 2,4-D + 1 and 1.5 µM BAP under dark conditions. However, higher fresh and dry weight of callus was obtained when nodal was cultured on woody plant medium fortified with 7.5 µM 2,4-D + 1.5 µM BAP under dark and light conditions. In the analysis of the phenolics content and antioxidant activities, aqueous extract of conventionally propagated nodal part exhibited the highest phenolic content and antioxidant activities. However, the highest iron (II) chelating activity was produced from the aqueous extract of the calli induced under a dark condition. Hence, it can be concluded that the callus culture of Bougainvillea produced plant secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities comparable to the mother plants.
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SCISCIO, LARA, TIMOTHY J. BRODERICK, PAUL M. BARRETT, DARLINGTON MUNYIKWA, MICHEL ZONDO, and JONAH N. CHOINIERE. "INVERTEBRATE AND PLANT TRACE FOSSILS FROM THE TERRESTRIAL LATE TRIASSIC OF ZIMBABWE." PALAIOS 36, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2020.071.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Late Triassic invertebrate and plant trace fossils are described from the Pebbly Arkose Formation of the Upper Karoo Group (Gwembe Sub-basin, Mid-Zambezi Basin), Zimbabwe. These ichnofossils appear in pedogenically modified siltstone and silty mudstone floodplain deposits and overbank fluvial channels. The ichnofossil-bearing sites show variability in their pedogenic features, maturity and preservation. Invertebrate ichnofossils are primarily recorded as horizontal, vertical and inclined burrows, sometimes branched, lined or unlined and may have an active meniscate infill. The common forms documented are Taenidium, Beaconites, Palaeophycus, Skolithos, and Planolites ispp. with some rare and more unusual morphologies (i.e., ‘Y’-shaped burrow type). Ichnofossil-bearing sites show a low-diversity but high-density of traces commonly dominated by Taenidium and Planolites ispp. The greatest diversity of invertebrate ichnofossils are within interbedded overbank sandstones in weakly pedogenically modified overbank sites. Rhizohalos and rhizoliths are common and often include carbonate infilled roots. Given the abundance and dimensions of fossilized wood and the rhizohalos and rhizoliths, the Pebbly Arkose Formation supported both large and small stature plants. Overall, the studied Pebbly Arkose Formation overbank areas are typically well-drained, calcic palaeosols subject to variable discharge, subaerial exposure, and supporting a diversity of plant and invertebrates tracemakers that lived in a semi-arid to sub-humid environment.
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Gorban, Vadym, Artem Huslystyi, Oleksandr Kotovych, and Volodymyr Yakovenko. "Changes in Physical and Chemical Properties of Calcic Chernozem Affected by Robinia pseudoacacia and Quercus robur Plantings." Ekológia (Bratislava) 39, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eko-2020-0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractGrowth of forest plantations on soils causes changes in their properties. These changes, their behavior, and magnitude depend on the original soil characteristics and also on the effect of forest plantations being grown. In the steppe zone of Ukraine, Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Quercus robur L. are the woody species most widely used in planting of forest plantations on chernozem soil. Chernozem soil formed exclusively under zonal steppe vegetation and chernozem soil under Robinia pseudoacacia and Quercus robur plantations were studied in this work to analyze the changes in soil properties caused by growth of these tree species. Dry aggregate size distribution, density, particle density, total porosity, organic carbon content, cation exchange capacity, pH values, hydrolytic soil acidity and dry residue, and the available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content were analyzed. The studies found that Robinia pseudoacacia and Quercus robur plantations contribute to an increase in the share of aggregates 2–1 mm in size, as well as formation of aggregate fraction >10 mm, which are completely absent in the Calcic chernozem developed under the steppe vegetation. An increase in the density and particle density, as well as a decrease in the total porosity values were observed under the influence of forest stands studied. This is more common with chernozem under Q. robur plantation. It was found that the carbon percentage decreased in chernozem under the influence of Robinia pseudoacacia growth (on average, 0.4% by a meter-deep layer), but under Quercus robur planting it increased (on average 0.3% by meter-deep layer). Effect of Robinia pseudoacacia plantings on chernozem was also manifested by a decrease in cation exchange capacity (on average, 11 cmol/100 g by a meter-deep layer). The growth of R. pseudoacacia and Quercus robur plantations results in decrease of pH values (0.2 by a meter-deep layer) and increase of hydrolytic soil acidity and dry residue in chernozem water extract. Effect of Robinia pseudoacacia planting leads to a decrease in carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content in chernozem. The change in chernozem properties under the influence of Quercus robur plantation is reflected in accumulation of these nutrients. Growth of Robinia pseudoacacia and Quercus robur plantations leads to a decrease in potassium reserves in chernozem, which may indicate its active uptake by these woody species. In general, Q. robur planting is characterized by a large positive effect on the physical and chemical properties of chernozem than Robinia pseudoacacia planting. The findings obtained serve as a ground for making a recommendation for growing Quercus robur plantations under climate conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine in order to improve the zonal chernozems’ state and fertility.
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Li, Conghui, Yadi Liu, Xiatong Liu, Keith Ka Ki Mai, Jiaxin Li, Xiaorui Guo, Chong Zhang, et al. "Chloroplast thylakoid ascorbate peroxidase PtotAPX plays a key role in chloroplast development by decreasing hydrogen peroxide in Populus tomentosa." Journal of Experimental Botany 72, no. 12 (April 21, 2021): 4333–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab173.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Chloroplast development is a complex process that is critical to the growth and development of plants. However, the detailed mechanism of chloroplast development in woody plants remains unclear. In this study, we showed that chloroplasts with elaborate thylakoids could develop from proplastids in the cells of calli derived from leaf tissues of Populus tomentosa upon exposure to light. Chloroplast development was confirmed at the molecular and cellular levels. Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes related to photoreceptors and photosynthesis were significantly up-regulated during chloroplast development in a time-dependent manner. In light-induced chloroplast development, a key process was the removal of hydrogen peroxide, in which thylakoid-localized PtotAPX played a major role; light-induced chloroplast development was enhanced in PtotAPX-overexpressing transgenic P. tomentosa callus with lower levels of hydrogen peroxide, but was suppressed in PtotAPX antisense transgenic callus with higher levels of hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, the suppression of light-induced chloroplast development in PtotAPX antisense transgenic callus was relieved by the exogenous reactive oxygen species scavenging agent N,N′-dimethylthiourea (DMTU). Based on these results, we propose that PtotAPX-mediated removal of reactive oxygen species plays a key role in chloroplast development from proplastids upon exposure to light in P. tomentosa.
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Pinto, Maísa de Siqueira, Laura Beatriz Inocente, Perla Novais de Oliveira, Katchen Julliany Pereira Silva, and Helaine Carrer. "Plant Growth-Promoting (PGP) Traits of Endophytic Bacteria from In Vitro Cultivated Tectona grandis L.f." Forests 13, no. 10 (September 21, 2022): 1539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13101539.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tectona grandis L.f. (teak) is a tropical tree cultivated mainly due to its resistance, valuable wood and tolerance to biotic and abiotic factors. An abundant bacteria community exists in teak tissues and knowledge of the functional roles of teak endophytic bacteria, from in vitro tissue culture, is essential for improving micropropagation techniques. In this study, we isolated endophytic bacteria with plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits from two teak clones (Proteca® A3 and E4) in calli, leaves, and stems segments in a culture medium. We analyzed colony pigmentation, gram reaction, and evaluated PGP traits (phosphorous solubilization, nitrogen fixation and indol-acetic acid production) of 54 colonies from clone A3 and 50 colonies from clone E4. A total of 35 colonies of clone A3 and 42 colonies of clone E4 were capable of fixing nitrogen. Four isolated bacteria from clone A3 were capable of solubilizing phosphorous (P-Ca3(PO4)2), while no strain of E4 clone showed that capacity. Furthermore, 49 endophytic bacteria from clone A3 showed capacity to synthesize indol-acetic acid, while only 4 bacteria from the E4 clone presented that characteristic. We also identified six teak endophytic bacteria, by analysis of the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region, showing high identity with the genera Curtobacterium sp., Ochrobactrum sp., and Bacillus spp. Therefore, we demonstrate here that the abundant bacterial community existing in teak tissues, including those of in vitro cultivated plants, have PGP traits that can be further harnessed for preparation of bioformulations, for example. Our findings open the possibility for studying these isolated endophytic bacteria more closely in order to understand their association with teak growth.
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Paneque, Marina, Heike Knicker, Jürgen Kern, and José María De la Rosa. "Hydrothermal Carbonization and Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge: Effects on Lolium perenne Germination and Growth." Agronomy 9, no. 7 (July 9, 2019): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9070363.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sewage sludge (SS) resulted in products free of pathogens, with the potential for being used as soil amendment. With this work, we evaluated the impact of dry pyrolysis-treated (600 °C, 1 h) and HTC-treated (200 °C, 260 °C; 0.5 h, 3 h) SS on the germination, survival, and growth of Lolium perenne during an 80 day greenhouse experiment. Therefore, the hydrochars and pyrochars were amended to a Calcic Cambisol at doses of 5 and 25 t ha−1. The addition of sludge pyrochars to the Cambisol did not affect Lolium germination, survival rates or plant yields. However, the use 25 t ha−1 of wood biochar reduced germination and survival rates, which may be related to the low N availability of this sample. In comparison to the control, higher or equal plant biomass was produced in the hydrochar-amended pots, even though some hydrochars decreased plant germination and survival rates. Among all the evaluated char properties, only the organic and inorganic N contents of the chars, along with their organic C values, positively correlated with total and shoot biomass production. Our work demonstrates the N fertilization potential of the hydrochar produced at low temperature, whereas the hydrochar produced at 260 °C and the pyrochars were less efficient with respect to plant yields.
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Sabbadini, Ricci, Limera, Baldoni, Capriotti, and Mezzetti. "Factors Affecting the Regeneration, via Organogenesis, and the Selection of Transgenic Calli in the Peach Rootstock Hansen 536 (Prunus persica × Prunus amygdalus) to Express an RNAi Construct against PPV Virus." Plants 8, no. 6 (June 17, 2019): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8060178.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Prunus spp. is one of the most recalcitrant fruit tree species in terms of in vitro regeneration and transformation, mostly when mature tissues are used as explants. The present study describes the in vitro regeneration via indirect organogenesis, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of the peach rootstock Hansen 536 (Prunus persica × Prunus amygdalus) through the use of meristematic bulks (MBs) as starting explants. Efficient adventitious shoot regeneration was obtained when Hansen 536 MBs were cultured on an optimized medium consisting of modified McCown Woody Plant medium (WPM) enriched with 4.4 M 6-Benzyladenine (BA), 0.1 M 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6.0 g L−1 plant agar S1000 (B&V). MB slices were used later as starting explants for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to introduce an RNAi construct “ihp35S-PPV194” against PPV virus. Transgenic events were identified by both green fluorescent protein (GFP) screening and kanamycin selection at different concentrations (0, 17 or 42 M). GFP-fluorescent proliferating callus lines were selected and confirmed to stably express the ihp35S-PPV194::eGFP gene construct by molecular analysis. Although shoot regeneration from these transgenic calli has not been obtained yet, this represents one of the few examples of successful attempts in peach genetic transformation from somatic tissues, and also serves as a useful in vitro system for future gene functional analysis in peach.
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Kim, Yi Rae, Jung Yeon Han, and Yong Eui Choi. "Production of Nematicidal Pinosylvin Stilbenes in Cell Suspension Cultures of Pinus koraiensis by Fungal Elicitation." Plants 11, no. 21 (October 31, 2022): 2933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11212933.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pinosylvin stilbenes are natural phenolic compounds found in the Pinaceae family and act as phytoalexins. Some pinosylvin stilbenes have strong nematicidal activity against pine wood nematodes (PWNs: Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). Here, we established the efficient production of two pinosylvin stilbenes, dihydropinosylvin monomethylether (DPME) and pinosylvin monomethylether (PME), by cell suspension culture of Pinus koraiensis after fungal elicitation. DPME and PME were found in small amounts (less than 40 µg/g DW) in the stem bark and leaves of P. koraiensis plants. Cell suspension cultures were established from the cultures of calli derived from mature zygotic embryos of P. koraiensis in 1/2 Litvay medium containing 2.2 μM 2,4-D and 2.2 μM BA. Two types of fungal elicitors, fungal cell extract (CE) and fungal medium filtrate (MF), were prepared from three species of fungi (Penicillium chrysogenum, P. pinophilum, and P. roquefortii). CE and MF treatments strongly stimulated the production of PME and DPME in cultured cells. The production of PME in suspension cells of P. chrysogenum, P. pinophilum, and P. roquefortii MF treatments after 3 days was 5734 µg/g DW, 4051 µg/g DW, and 6724 µg/g DW, respectively. Pinosylvin synthase (PkSTS) and pinosylvin O-methyltransferase (PkPMT) are key genes in DPME and PME biosynthesis. qPCR analysis revealed that the expression of the PkSTS and PkPMT in cultured cells was highly enhanced after fungal elicitor treatment. The cell extracts after MF treatment resulted in 92.5 ± 7.8% immobilization of the adult PWNs and 63.7 ± 3.5% immobilization of the juvenile PWNs within 24 h. However, control cell extracts without MF treatment showed 11.3 ± 1.4% nematicidal activity against adult PWNs. Our results suggest that pinosylvin stilbenes can be produced from the cell culture of P. koraiensis after fungal elicitor treatment and can be used as nematicidal compounds against PWNs.
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Gómez, Oscar R. "ANÁLISIS CRÍTICO DEL KULARNAVA TANTRA -PARTE 1- UN PRÓLOGO VICIADO DE SEXUALIDAD REPRIMIDA." Revista Científica Arbitrada de la Fundación MenteClara 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2017): 114–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32351/rca.v2.1.26.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Este artículo se realizó para promover una investigación académica del Kularnava Tantra sin el sesgo de los «prólogos» e introducciones de las versiones en inglés y español, que llevaron a la confusión del objeto de estudio denominado tantrismo.Es intención del presente artículo instalar formalmente al tantrismo como filosofía/epistemología y presentar a los investigadores esta visión del hombre y la sociedad. Recogiendo la experiencia de la Casa de Tantra fundada en 1992 en Berazategui, provincia de Buenos Aires, se analizó la variación de las consultas recibidas de interesados de países de habla hispana para determinar la percepción que tenían del culto tántrico tibetano e hindú. De ese análisis surge que esta filosofía en tanto visión del mundo que era practicada como culto oficial en el Tíbet hasta el año 1959 y en la India, en secreto absoluto por cuestiones de persecución política y que ingresa a Occidente como palabra tantra fue mutando en el imaginario popular hasta convertirse en sinónimo de sexo lento y sin eyaculación. Esta mutación en la percepción de la población hispanoparlante proviene del prólogo escrito por Ramiro Calle para la edición en español del Kularnava Tantra. Es intención de este artículo proponer otra mirada sobre el texto para estimular su lectura con menor carga subjetiva.AbstractThis article was written to encourage academic research of the Kularnava Tantra without the bias included in the "forewords" and introductions of the English and Spanish versions, which led to a confusion of the object of study called Tantrism.This article aims at establishing Tantrism as a philosophy/epistemology within formal education and introducing the techniques derived from this worldview to researchers.By recourse to the experience gained by the House of Tantra founded in 1992 in Berazategui, province of Buenos Aires, the change in the nature of inquiries by people from Spanish-speaking countries was analyzed in order to determine their perception of the Tibetan and Hindu tantric cult.Out of such analysis, it was found that this philosophy as a worldview practiced as an official cult in Tibet until 1959, and in India, in absolute secrecy for political persecution reasons and which entered the West as the word tantra has been mutating in the social imagery until becoming a synonym of slow sex with no ejaculation. This change in the perception of the Spanish-speaking population comes from the foreword written by Ramiro Calle for the Spanish language edition of the Kularnava Tantra. This article proposes to read the text under a different light to foster a less biased understanding.
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Lai, Chunwang, Xiaojuan Zhou, Shuting Zhang, Xueying Zhang, Mengyu Liu, Chunyu Zhang, Xiaoqiong Xu, et al. "PAs Regulate Early Somatic Embryo Development by Changing the Gene Expression Level and the Hormonal Balance in Dimocarpus longan Lour." Genes 13, no. 2 (February 8, 2022): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13020317.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Polyamines (PAs) play an important regulatory role in many basic cellular processes and physiological and biochemical processes. However, there are few studies on the identification of PA biosynthesis and metabolism family members and the role of PAs in the transition of plant embryogenic calli (EC) into globular embryos (GE), especially in perennial woody plants. We identified 20 genes involved in PA biosynthesis and metabolism from the third-generation genome of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.). There were no significant differences between longan and other species regarding the number of members, and they had high similarity with Citrus sinensis. Light, plant hormones and a variety of stress cis-acting elements were found in these family members. The biosynthesis and metabolism of PAs in longan were mainly completed by DlADC2, DlSAMDC2, DlSAMDC3, DlSPDS1A, DlSPMS, DlCuAOB, DlCuAO3A, DlPAO2 and DlPAO4B. In addition, 0.01 mmol∙L−1 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), putrescine (Put) and spermine (Spm), could promote the transformation of EC into GE, and Spm treatment had the best effect, while 0.01 mmol∙L−1 D-arginine (D-arg) treatment inhibited the process. The period between the 9th and 11th days was key for the transformation of EC into GE in longan. There were higher levels of gibberellin (GA), salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) and lower levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), ethylene and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in this key period. The expression levels in this period of DlADC2, DlODC, DlSPDS1A, DlCuAOB and DlPAO4B were upregulated, while those of DlSAMDC2 and DlSPMS were downregulated. These results showed that the exogenous ACC, D-arg and PAs could regulate the transformation of EC into GE in longan by changing the content of endogenous hormones and the expression levels of PA biosynthesis and metabolism genes. This study provided a foundation for further determining the physicochemical properties and molecular evolution characteristics of the PA biosynthesis and metabolism gene families, and explored the mechanism of PAs and ethylene for regulating the transformation of plant EC into GE.
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Bremmer, Jan N. "A Homeric Goat Island (OD. 9.116–41)." Classical Quarterly 36, no. 1 (May 1986): 256–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800010703.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recently, Jenny Strauss Clay has put forward the suggestion that the ‘goat island’ on which Odysseus lands before crossing over to the Cyclopes is ‘none other than Hyperia, the former home of the Phaeacians from which they emigrated to Scheria under the leadership of Nausithoos on account of the depredations of the Cyclopes.’ She arrives at this suggestion by combining the former proximity of the Phaeacians and Cyclopes (6.4–6) with the fact that the island ⋯νδρ⋯ν χηρεύει (9.124), ‘is bereft of men’ (i.e. in her opinion the Phaeacians).The argument seems debatable. First, the word χηρεύει is a hapax, which Homer may or may not have used in a metaphorical way; our words ‘desert’ and ‘deserted’ are also used of places which have not been inhabited before. Second, nothing in the description of the island suggests previous habitation. Third, the Phaeacians are said to have left Hyperia to escape the plundering of the Cyclopes (6.4–6), but the Cyclopes are also explicitly described as lacking ships and shipbuilders (9.125f.). Consequently, Hyperia will hardly have been an island, nor the ‘goat island’ Hyperia.Modern studies of Odysseus' visit to the Cyclopes often focus on the nature/culture aspects of the episode. The wild goats of ‘goat island’ in line 124 — βóσκει δέ τε μηκ⋯δας αἶγας — have regularly been included in these analyses. For example, C. Calame has well pointed out that ‘ce dernier trait distingue le complexe sémantique que définit l'Île Petite de celui que représente Polyphème et son monde: alors que Polyphème avait avec le monde des hommes le trait commun de l'élevage du petit bétail, la figure sémantique de l'Île Petite inverse exactement les traits caractérisant le monde des hommes.’
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Dam G., Oscar, and Luis Azocar. "Effect of the reaction of ammonia gas on the swelling of metallic iron and its oxides during nitriding processes." Athenea 2, no. 4 (June 15, 2021): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47460/athenea.v2i4.21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to study the relationship and effect of nitrogen gas in the reducing gases used in the reducibility tests of iron oxides, under isothermal conditions, a test scheme was executed using ammonia gas, such that its decomposition of the gas in the reactor produced a mixture of H2 and N2 gases. Furthermore, the addition of 6% NH3 in a 28% H2 and 68% N2 gas stream was planned to obtain a gas composition of 70% N2 and 30% H2. This would allow comparing the reducibility curves between both conditions, assuming that the possible difference between both conditions to compare the volume changes of the reduced samples. The difference to be studied will be based on the estimation and comparison of the rate of formation of metallic iron in the stages of reduction of Hematite / Magnetite / Wustite (FeO), as well as the effects of nitrogen absorbed by the fresh metallic iron produced, or present. in iron catalysts to produce ammonia, from the reducing gas mixture, on the volume change of the samples. Likewise, the catastrophic volume changes caused by nitrogen are compared by comparing sources of this gas in solid carbonaceous reducers.
Keywords: Gaseous Reduction, Direct Reduced Iron, isothermal tests.
References
[1]O. Dam G. “The Influence of Nitrogen on the Swelling Mechanism of Iron Oxides During Reduction”. Univ. of London. PhD Thesis 1983.
[2]J. Bogde. “Thermoelectric Power Measurements in Wustite. Univ. of Michigan”. 1976.
[3]O. Dam G. y J. Jeffes. “Model for the Assessment of Chemical Composition of reduced iron ores from single measurements. Ironmaking and Steelmaking”. Vol. 14, N`5. 1987.
[4]M. Yang. “Nitriding-Fundamentals, modelling and process optimization”. Tesis PhD. Worcester Polytech Institute. 2012.
[5]EL Kasabgy. T and W-K. LU. “The Influence of Calcia and Magnesia in Wustite on the Kinetics of Metallization and Iron Whisker Formation”. Metallurgical 1980 American Society for Metals and the Metallurgical Society of AIME Volume 11b, pp. 410-414. 1980.
[6]“Srikar Potnuru Studies nn the Physical Properties and Reduction Swelling Behavior of Fired Haematite Iton ore Pellets”. MSc Thesis. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute Of Technology, Rourkela May 2012.
[7]R. Agarwal, S. Hembram. “To Study the Reduction and Swelling Behavior Iron Ore Pellets”. BSc. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute Of Technology, Rourkela May 2013.
[8]C. Seaton., J. Foster. and J. Velasco. “Structural Changes Occurring during Reduction of Hematite and Magnetite Pellets Containing Coal Char”. Transactions ISIJ, Vol. 23, 1983, pp.
[10]C. Bozco. “Interaction of Nitrogen with Iron Surfaces”. Journal of Catalysis 49. pp16-41. 1977.
[11]L. Darken y R. Gurry. “Physical Chemistry of Metals”. Mc Graw hIll . 1953.
[12]H. Weirdt and Z. Zwell, Trans. AIME. 229. 142. 1969.
[13]J. Schulten. Trans. Soc. Faraday. 53, 1363, 1957.
[14]E. Barret y C. Wood. Bureau of Mines R-I 3229. 1934
50
Dam, Oscar. "Efecto de la descomposición de gas de amoniaco (NH3) sobre el hinchamiento de óxidos de hierro durante reducción." Athenea 1, no. 2 (December 16, 2020): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47460/athenea.v1i2.6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Con el objeto de estudiar la relación y efecto del gas nitrógeno en los gases reductores utilizados en los ensayos de reducibilidad de óxidos de hierro, en condiciones isotérmicas, se ejecutó un esquema de ensayos utilizando gas amoniaco, tal que la descomposición del gas en el reactor produjera un gas de H2 y N2. Además, se planifico la adición de 6% de NH3 en una corriente de gas 28% H2 y 68% N2 para obtener una composición de gas de 70% N2 y 30% H2. Esto permitiría la reinterpretación de los datos de laboratorio para comparar las curvas d reducibilidad entre ambas condiciones, asumiendo que la posible diferencia entre ambas condiciones a comparar los cambios de volumen de las muestras reducidas. La diferencia a estudiar se basará en la estimación y comparación de la velocidad de formación de hierro metálico en las etapas de reducción de hematita/magnetita/wustita (FeO), así como los efectos del nitrógeno absorbido por el hierro metálico fresco producido, partir de la mezcla de gas reductor, sobre el cambio de volumen de las muestras. Así mismo se comparan empíricamente los cambios catastróficos de volumen causados por el nitrógeno comparando fuentes de este gas en reductores carbonosos sólidos.
Palabras clave: reducción gaseosa, hierro de reducción directa (HRD), catálisis, catalizador de hierro, amoniaco, hinchamiento, absorción, nitruración. ensayos isotérmicos, nitrógeno en carbón.
Referencias
[1]O.G. Dam . The Influence of Nitrogen on the Swelling Mechanism of Iron Oxides During Reduction. Univ. of London. PhD Thesis 1983.
[2]J.D Bogde.- Thermoelectric Power Measurements in Wustite. Univ. of Michigan. 1976.
[3]O.G. Dam y J. Jeffes. Model for the Assessment of Chemical Composition of reduced iron ores from single measurements. Ironmaking and Steelmaking. 1987. Vol. 14, N`5.
[4]M. Yang. Nitriding-Fundamentals, modelling and process optimization. Tesis PhD. Worcester PolytechInstitute. 2012.
[5]T. EL Kasabgy y W-K. LU. (1980). The Influence of Calcia and Magnesia in Wustite on the Kinetics of Metallization and Iron Whisker Formation. Metallurgical 1980 American Society for Metals and the Metallurgical Society of AIME Volume 11b, September 1980, pp. 410-414.
[6]Srikar Potnuru Studies nn the Physical Properties and Reduction Swelling Behavior of Fired Haematite Iton ore Pellets. MSc Thesis. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute Of Technology, Rourkela May 2012.
[7]R.S Agarwal y S.S. Hembram. To Study the Reduction and Swelling Behavior Iron Ore Pellets. BSc. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute Of Technology, Rourkela May 2013.
[8]C.E. Seaton y J.S. Foster. and Velasco. Structural Changes Occurring during Reduction of Hematite and Magnetite Pellets Containing Coal Char. Transactions ISIJ, Vol. 23, 1983, pp.
[10]C. Bozco. et.al. Interaction of Nitrogen with Iron Surfaces. Journal of Catalysis 49. 1977.
[11]L.S. Darken y R.W. Gurry, Physical Chemistry of Metals. Mc Graw hIll . 1953.
[12]H. A. Weirdt, y Z .Zwell. Trans. AIME. 229. 142. 1969.
[13]J.J.S.Schulten. et al. Trans. Soc. Faraday. 53, 1363, 1957.
[14]E.G.Barret y C.F. Wood. Bureau of Mines R-I 3229. 1934.