Дисертації з теми "Calibration standard"
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1
Barham, R. G. "Free-field reciprocity calibration of laboratory standard microphones." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294981.
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2
Bysouth, Stephen R. "Standard and sample manipulation for calibration in flame atomic absorption spectrometry." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1988. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33128.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis describes a study of existing calibration methods and a comparison of them, with novel calibration and sample pre-treatment methods for flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) developed by the author. A comparison of commercially available curve fitting algorithms was carried out to show how concentration errors arise and vary, due to the use of different empirical models for the calibration curve. Novel online dilution manifolds were designed. Using flow injection and continuous flow techniques, different calibration procedures were developed to allow null methods of calibration to be used and to extend the calibration range. Methods of sample pre-treatment were developed, including online dissolution and species separation, using flow injection analysis techniques. Members of the atomic spectroscopy group of the Royal Society of Chemistry were surveyed to discover calibration practices used in commercial laboratories. Respondents were asked questions on sample type, treatment and presentation, and data reduction for calibration. During the research, several papers were published and lectures given on the topics described.
3
Jarvis, Duncan Robert. "Realization of the standard of sound pressure through the calibration of half-inch laboratory standard condenser microphones." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401888.
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4
Grossman, Hy. "A New Standard for Temperature Measurement in an Aviation Environment." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/604311.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ITC/USA 2010 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Sixth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 25-28, 2010 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaAccurate temperature measurement is an essential requirement in modern aircraft data acquisition systems. Both thermocouples and Platinum resistance temperature detectors (RTD) are used for this purpose with the latter being both more accurate and more repeatable. To ensure that only the sensor limits the accuracy of a temperature measurement, end-to-end system accuracy forward of the sensor, should be significantly greater than that of the sensor itself. This paper describes a new digital signal processing (DSP) based system for providing precision RTD based temperature measurements with laboratory accuracy in an aviation environment. Advantages of the new system include, true 3-wire RTD measurement, linear temperature output, on-board ultra-precision resistance standards and transparent dynamic calibration.
5
Sutton, Gavin. "The development of a combustion temperature standard for the calibration of optical diagnostic techniques." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/1439.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis describes the development and evaluation of a high-temperature combustion
standard. This comprises a McKenna burner premixed flame, together with a full
assessment of its temperature, stability and reproducibility. I have evaluated three
techniques for high-accuracy flame thermometry: Modulated Emission in Gases
(MEG), Rayleigh scattering thermometry and photo-acoustic thermometry.
MEG: Analysis shows that MEG is not usable in this application because the sharp
spectral features of the absorption coefficient of gases are represented within MEG
theory as an average absorption coefficient over the optical detection bandwidth. A
secondary difficulty arises from the lack of high power lasers operating at wavelengths
that coincides with molecular absorption lines in the hot gas.
Rayleigh Scattering: Applying corrections for the temperature-dependence of the
scattering cross-section, it has been possible to determine the temperature of the
combustion standard with an uncertainty of approximately 1%. The temperature
dependence of the scattering cross-section arises from changes in the mean molecular
polarisability and anisotropy and can amount to 2% between flame and room
temperatures. Using a pulse Nd-YAG laser operating at 532 nm and high linearity
silicon detectors, the Rayleigh scattering experimental system has been optimised.
Temperatures measured over a three-month interval are shown to be reproducible to
better than 0.4% demonstrating the suitability of the McKenna burner as a combustion
standard.
Photo-Acoustic: By measuring the transit time of a spark-induced sound wave past two
parallel probe beams, the temperature has been determined with an uncertainty of
approximate 1%.
Flame temperatures measured by the photo-acoustic and Rayleigh scattering
thermometry system show good agreement. For high airflow rates the agreement is
better than 1% of temperature, but for low airflow rates, photo-acoustic temperatures are
approximately 3.6% higher than the Rayleigh temperatures. Further work is needed to
understand this discrepancy.
6
Krisciunas, Kevin. "RR lyrae stars and type Ia supernovae : discovery and calibration of astronomical standard candles /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5446.
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7
Stober, Gunter, and Christoph Jacobi. "Cosmic Noise Observation with a Standard Meteor Radar." Universität Leipzig, 2009. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A16369.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Die Nutzung von Riometern (Relative Ionospheric Opacity Meter) zur Messung relativer atmosphärischer Absorption (in dB) ist eine etablierte Methode. Hingegen ist die Messung atmosphärischer Absorption mit absolutkalibrierten Radaren in Form einer Rauschtemperatur eher selten durchgeführt worden. In dieser Arbeit werden die Möglichkeiten einer absoluten Radarkalibrierung für ein kommerzielles SKiYMET-System vorgestellt. Die gemessene QDC (Quiet Day Curve, eine Referenzkurve für ungestörte Tage) wird dabei mit Referenzdaten verglichen. Daran wird der Einfluss des Antennenmusters auf die QDC verdeutlicht und quantitativ dargestellt. Die erreichte Genauigkeit beträgt dabei ungefähr 600 K. Die kontinuierliche und stabile Beobachtung erlaubt es, die Kopplung der Ionosphäre mit der solaren Aktivität zu untersuchen, ohne den normalen Betrieb zur Meteoranalyse zu unterbrechen.The observation of relative atmospheric absorption (in dB) using Riometers (Relative Ionospheric Opacity Meter) is a well established method. However, the measurement of atmospheric absorption as a noise temperature with absolutely calibrated radars has rarely been realized. This work demonstrates the possibilities to perform an absolute radar calibration for standard SKiYMET meteor radars. The measured QDC (Quiet Day Curve) and the comparison to a reference QDC illustrates the capability to quantify the effect of the antenna pattern. The achieved accuracy for a QDC is approximately 600 K. The high stability of the observation during normal meteor mode allows also to investigate the ionospheric response caused by the coupling of the solar activity.
8
Lombardo, Simona. "A flux calibration device for Integral Field Spectrographs." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18054.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SNe Ia können als Standardkerzen verwendet werden, um den Zustandsparameter der dunklen Energie w zu messen. Nachdem viele SN Ia beobachtet wurden, wird die Genauigkeit aktueller Studien durch systematische Fehler beschränkt, wobei die Flusskalibrierung (in Wellenlänge) die dominierende Fehlerquelle ist. In dieser Arbeit wird eine Möglichkeit präsentiert, das Problem mit dem “SNIFS Calibration Apparatus” (SCALA) zu lösen oder wenigstens zu verringern. Das Ziel von SCALA ist es, dass System aus Teleskop und SNIFS mit hoher Genauigkeit zu kalibrieren und diese Kalibration auf das Standardstern-Netzwerk zu übertragen und somit die Modellabhängigkeit zu unterdrücken. SCALA erzeugt 18 nahezu parallele und kolimierte monochromatische Strahlen (mit einstellbarer Wellenlänge), die Öffnungswinkel von einem Grad haben. Die Kombination dieser Strahlen leuchtet die Bildebene des UH 88, Teleskops (Universität Hawaii 88 inch Teleskop) mit einer Genauigkeit von 1% gleichmäß ig aus. SCALA wurde im Jahr 2014 installiert und ist seit 2015 im regulären Betrieb. Im in-situ Betrieb wird einer der Strahlen ständig mit einer Photodiode überwacht, die mit einer NIST-kalibrierten Photodiode kalibriert wurde. Eine zweite so kalibrierte Photodiode wird von Strahl zu Strahl bewegt, um den Helligkeitsverlauf der anderen 17 Strahlen als Funktion der Wellenlänge zu messen. Auf diese Weise sind wir in der Lage die Ausleuchtung von SCALA mit einer Genauigkeit von besser als 1% zu vermessen. Auf diese Weise kann mit der bekannten Wellenlänge des verwendeten Lichts die Transmissionskurve des SNIFS+UH 88 Systems gemessen werden. Die gemessenen systematischen Ungenauigkeiten der Messung sind kleiner als 0.7%.
Der nächste Schritt besteht darin, die mit SCALA erreichte Kalibration mit einer herkömmlichen, auf Basis des Standard Stern Netzwerkes, zu vergleichen.SNe Ia can be used as standard candles to measure the dark energy equation of state parameter, w. Having observed a good number of these objects, current studies are limited by systematic uncertainties, among which relative (color) flux calibration is dominating. This work presents a way to solve, or at least limit, the problem with the SNIFS Calibration Apparatus (SCALA). SCALA's goal is to provide high precision calibration for the “telescope+ SNIFS” system and refine the primary standard star network, to eliminate the uncertainties due to the knowledge of their models. SCALA produces 18 quasi-parallel and collimated monochromatic (and wavelength tunable) beams with opening angles of 1 degree. The combination of these beams allows us to achieve an illumination of the focal plane of the University of Hawaii 88 inches telescope (UH 88), that is flat to within 1%. SCALA was commissioned in 2014 and fully deployed in 2015. In the in-situ set up, one of the SCALA beams is constantly monitored by a photodiode (calibrated against a NIST-calibrated photodiode), which is used as flux standard to transfer the NIST-calibration to the telescope+instrument first, and the standard star spectra afterwards. We measure the overall wavelength trend of the illumination from SCALA with a precision better than 1%, by moving another of these calibrated photodiodes from beam to beam. We can hence measure relative trasmissivity curves for each SCALA beam. Therefore, we can produce throughput curves of the SNIFS+UH 88 system. The measured systematics affecting our results sum to errors smaller than 0.7%. The next step would be to compare the calibration of the system achieved with SCALA with the traditional calibration obtained by observing standard stars.
9
Majer, Günter, and Klaus Zick. "Calibration of the diffusion coefficients of the FCS standard Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) in aqueous solutions." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-198396.
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10
Majer, Günter, and Klaus Zick. "Calibration of the diffusion coefficients of the FCS standard Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) in aqueous solutions." Diffusion fundamentals 24 (2015) 34, S. 1, 2015. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14549.
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11
Dalnoki-Veress, Ferenc J. R. Carleton University Dissertation Physics. "Investigation of the triggered source technique for the calibration of SNO." Ottawa, 1996.
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12
Sparks, Sara A. "Two phase mixing comparison, oil contamination comparison and manufacturing accuracy effect on calibration of slotted orifice meter." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1088.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In previous studies the slotted orifice plate has demonstrated superior performance characteristics to those of the standard orifice plate. In this study, these comparisons are investigated further. The response characteristics of the slotted orifice plate to the standard orifice plate and V-Cone for two-phase flows of water and air at various qualities, flow rates, and pressures are shown visually. The effect of oil as it flows through a slotted orifice plate and standard orifice plate are visually documented. The effect of manufacturing accuracy on the slotted orifice plates is investigated as to the effect on the coefficient of discharge, percent change in pressure, and Reynolds number. The slotted orifice plate mixes two-phase flow better than the standard orifice plate and V-Cone. There is a manufacturing effect on the slotted orifice plates; the larger the area of the slots, the larger the discharge coefficient.
13
Sparks, Sara A. "Two phase mixing comparison, oil contamination comparison and manufacturing accuracy effect on calibration of slotted orifice meters." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1088.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In previous studies the slotted orifice plate has demonstrated superior performance characteristics to those of the standard orifice plate. In this study, these comparisons are investigated further. The response characteristics of the slotted orifice plate to the standard orifice plate and V-Cone for two-phase flows of water and air at various qualities, flow rates, and pressures are shown visually. The effect of oil as it flows through a slotted orifice plate and standard orifice plate are visually documented. The effect of manufacturing accuracy on the slotted orifice plates is investigated as to the effect on the coefficient of discharge, percent change in pressure, and Reynolds number. The slotted orifice plate mixes two-phase flow better than the standard orifice plate and V-Cone. There is a manufacturing effect on the slotted orifice plates; the larger the area of the slots, the larger the discharge coefficient.
14
Küsters, Daniel. "Improving the Calibration of Supernova Distances for Cosmology." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19865.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SCALA ist eine Kalibrationseinheit für den SuperNova Integral Feld Spektrographen (SNIFS) der am 2,2 m Teleskop der Universität Hawaii montiert ist. SCALA wurde gebaut um die Unsicherheiten in der Flusskalibration von Leuchtkraftentfernungen zu reduzieren.
Dadurch erlaubt SCALA die mögliche zeitliche Veränderung der Dunklen Energie besser zu vermessen. SCALA ermöglicht die Kalibration von SNIFS relativ zu einem Laborstandard, der durch eine Photodiode realisiert ist, die relative zu einem Primärstandard am NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) kalibriert ist. Zur Übertragung der Kalibration werden SNIFS und die Photodiode gleichzeitig von einer monochromatischen, wellenlängen einstellbaren Lichtquelle beleuchtet. Dadurch wird ein Vergleich zwischen dem astronomischen CALSPEC System und dem Laborsystem möglich. Erste Ergebnisse von SCALA wurden in der Dissertation von Simona Lombardo vorgestellt. Wir haben nun mehrere Quellen von systematischen Effekten identifiziert, die unsere Messungen beeinflussen. Nach der Korrektur dieser Effekte stimmt die Wellenlängenabhängigkeit der Kalibration an Hand von SCALA und CALSPEC im Wellenlängenbereich 450 nm ,bis 900 nm,im Fehlerbereich von 1,5 % überein.
In der Zukunft könnten die Quellen von systematischen Effekte durch Veränderungen am Messaufbau unterdrückt werden. Dies ermöglicht Vergleiche zwischen CALSPEC und SCALA im Fehlerbereich < 1%, außerdem könnte der Wellenlängenbereich bis zu 350 nm erweitert werden.SCALA is a calibration system for the SuperNova Integral Field Spectrograph (SNIFS), which is mounted to the University Hawaii 2.2 m telescope. The aim of SCALA is to reduce the uncertainties on the flux calibration for luminosity distance measures. It therefore allows the reduction of the uncertainties on the time variability of the Dark Energy. SCALA enables us to calibrate SNIFS relative to a laboratory standard, which is realized by a photodiode, that is itself calibrated against a primary standard at NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology). To transfer the calibration, we illuminate both the photodiode and SNIFS with a wavelength-tunable, monochromatic light source. This calibration allows us to compare the laboratory system to the astronomical CALSPEC system. The first results were presented in dissertation of Simona Lombardo. We have now identified several sources of systematic uncertainty that were affecting our measurements. After correcting for these effects, the wavelength-dependency of the calibration by SCALA agrees with the CALSPEC system in the wavelength range 450 nm to 900 nm (within our uncertainties of 1.5%). In the future, the identified sources of systematic uncertainty could be reduced through improvements to the setup. This would allow comparisons to the CALSPEC system with uncertainties < 1 % and a wavelength range extension down to 350nm.
15
Sauvan, Jean-Baptiste. "Z+jets au LHC : calibration des jets et mesure de sections efficaces avec le détecteur ATLAS." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00747024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La recherche du boson de Higgs ainsi que celle de nouvelle physique auprès du LHC requiert une excellente compréhension des processus du Modèle Standard du fait de leurs signatures expérimentales similaires. La capacité de mesurer le plus précisément possible l'énergie des objets reconstruits dans les détecteurs est par ailleurs primordiale à la fois pour effectuer des mesures de précision et pour accroître la sensibilité des analyses à des signaux de physique au-delà du Modèle Standard. Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse s'attachent à ces deux points par l'étude d'événements contenant un ou plusieurs jets associés à un boson Z avec le détecteur ATLAS. D'une part, ces événements sont utilisés pour améliorer la calibration en énergie des jets de faible impulsion transverse, d'une importance capitale pour les analyses utilisant le dénombrement de jets ou leur veto. D'autre part la section efficace différentielle de production de ces événements est mesurée en fonction de nombreuses observables et comparée à diverses prédictions théoriques. Ces mesures pourront être utilisées pour améliorer les prédictions qui servent de modèles de bruit de fond dans des analyses sur le boson de Higgs et de recherche de physique au-delà du Modèle Standard.
16
Carpenter, J. D. "Chemical methods for the production of standard non-spherical particulate materials for the calibration of aerosol characterisation equipment." Thesis, Swansea University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636208.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Non-spherical homogeneous particles in the 1.0 to 10.0μm size range are required for the calibration of aerosol shape analysis equipment based on light scattering principles (ASAS). A variety of particulate systems are needed, each with a uniform but easily definable morphology. An extensive literature review identified several chemical reactions which could be used for the production of uniform non-spherical particles in the specified size range. Small scale reaction schemes were devised to produce these particulate systems for an initial series of trials to assess their suitability as candidate materials for calibration of the ASAS. It was found that hematite particles produced by the hydrothermal ageing of ferric chloride solutions were highly suited to calibration purposes, as the particles could be prepared with either cuboidal or prolate spheroidal morphologies by slight modification in the reaction conditions. A research programme was then undertaken to establish the reproducibility of the ferric chloride reaction and the effects caused by further modifications and refinements in the reaction conditions. Highly homogeneous particles could be obtained only when reaction volumes of ten litres were used, giving hematite particles of cuboidal, spherical and prolate spheroidal morphologies, with aspect ratios of the prolate spheroids being variable from 1.0 to approximately 3.3. Magnetite and maghemite particles could also be produced by reduction and reduction/oxidation of the hematite particles with no change in the morphology of the particles. X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed the composition of these materials. The ASAS was challenged with these materials, demonstrating that it could recognise and distinguish between differently shaped homogeneous particles of the same material. It could also detect when particle orientation had occurred in the airflow carrying the particles through the laser beam. It was found that different degrees of particle orientation occurred for identical hematite, magnetite and maghemite prolate spheres. As the ASAS provided a measure of the degree of particle orientation, the operator was able to distinguish between these samples even though their size and shape characteristics were identical.
17
Intiang, Jittakant. "Use of triple beam resonant gauges in torque measurement transfer standard." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4500.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A new torque transfer standard using metallic TBTF resonant sensor was developed to overcome the overload capability problem which occurs with conventional metallic resistance strain gauges. Previous research work, however, has shown that the first prototype of the metallic TBTF resonant sensor was not suitable for use in a torque transfer standard due to its size and subsequent sensitivity to parasitic lateral forces. To maximize the benefits from this sensor, particularly overload capability and long-term stability, in the high accuracy torque measurement application area, there is a need to develop significantly smaller devices. The aim of this thesis is to research through FEA modelling and experimental characterisation the key performance parameters required to produce a miniaturised metallic TBTF resonant sensor that provides better performance when applied in a torque measurement system. For high accuracy any torque transducer using these sensors ought to have low sensitivity to parasitic influences such as bending moments and lateral forces, which can only be achieved with reduced size. The problems with the existing design, key design issues, possible configuration and packaging solutions of the metallic TBTF resonant sensor that could be used for achieving a higher accuracy torque transfer standard are considered. Two designs of miniaturised metallic TBTF resonant sensors, SL20 and SL12, are considered and experimentally investigated. The lateral forces are reduced by 52% for SL20 design and by 80% for SL12 design when compared to the original SL40 design. A torque transducer using the SL20 design was calibrated falling into the Torque Transfer Standard class of accuracy 1 category, uncertainty 0.8%. A torque transducer using the SL12 design was made and calibration showed a class of accuracy 0.5 category, uncertainty 0.2%. The results from this research indicate that the SL12 design is suitable for use in a torque transfer standard. The SL12 design is optimal and the smallest size possible based on the overload capability design criteria requiring the tine cross sectional area to remain constant.
18
Krieger, Brian L. "Rapid automated calibration using discontinuous flow analysis and sequential injection." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.
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19
Kavuri, Kranthi. "Investigation of the validity of the ASTM standard for computation of International Friction Index." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002780.
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SILVA, NATALIA F. da. "Estabelecimento de um sistema padrão primário para raios X baixas com uma câmara de ionização de ar livre de energias." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26382.
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Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-06-22T12:43:46Z
No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T12:43:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
21
Khandoga, Mykola. "Calibration of electron shower shapes, hadronic recoil reconstruction using deep learning algorithms and the measurement of W boson transverse momentum distribution with the ATLAS detector." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03143181.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La première partie de la thèse contient une description de la méthode d'étalonnage du calorimètre électromagnétique, corrigeant les différences entre les données et la simulation pour ce qui concerne le développement des cascades électromagnétiques dans le calorimètre. La méthode améliore l'identification des électrons et réduit l'incertitude systématique associée. La majeure partie de la thèse est consacrée à la mesure précise du spectre en impulsion transverse (pT) du boson W à l'aide des données collectées par l'expérience ATLAS à des énergies dans le centre de masse de 5 et 13 TeV lors de deux prises de données spéciales, à faible taux d’empilement, en 2017 et en 2018. La motivation pour la mesure précise du spectre en impulsion transverse du boson W est double. Premièrement, elle sert de test pour les prédictions théoriques obtenues dans le cadre du Modèle Standard et permet de comparer les performances des générateurs Monte-Carlo (MC). La deuxième raison est que ce spectre est un ingrédient à la mesure de la masse du boson W, qui est un paramètre du Modèle Standard. L'utilisation de données à faible taux d'empilement permet de réduire significativement l'incertitude systématique due au recul hadronique et améliore de ce fait la précision sur la mesure du spectre. La thèse décrit la méthodologie de la mesure du spectre en pT du boson W ainsi que les étalonnages appliqués, les corrections et les incertitudes associées. Le résultat final est obtenu à partir du recul hadronique mesuré à l'aide d'une procédure de déconvolution des effets de détecteur et est comparé aux prédictions théoriques obtenues avec différents générateurs Monte-Carlo. Une méthode alternative pour la reconstruction du recul hadronique, avec l'utilisation de réseaux neuronaux profonds est proposée dans la thèse. Il y est montré que cette méthode améliore la résolution du recul hadronique mesuré d'environ 10% dans la région la plus pertinente, de faible pT. Les observables obtenus par cette approche améliorent la sensibilité à la masse du boson WThe initial part of the thesis contains the description of the method for electromagnetic calorimeter calibration, correcting for the Data-MC discrepancy in the development of the electromagnetic showers in the calorimeter. The method improves electron identification and reduces the associated systematic uncertainty.The major part of the thesis is dedicated to the precise measurement of the W boson transverse spectrum using the data, collected by the ATLAS experiment at the energies of 5 and 13 TeV during two special low pile-up runs in 2017 and 2018. The motivation for the precise measurement of the W boson transverse spectrum is twofold. First, it serves as a test for the theoretical predictions obtained within the Standard Model and allows to benchmark the performance of the Monte-Carlo (MC) generators. The second reason is because the W pT spectrum is an input component for the measurement of the W boson mass which is a Standard Model parameter. The use of low pile-up data allows to significantly reduce the hadronic recoil systematic uncertainty improving the precision of the spectrum measurement. The thesis describes the methodology of the W boson pT spectrum measurement as well as the imposed calibrations, corrections and the associated uncertainties. The final result is obtained from the measured hadronic recoil using an unfolding procedure and is compared to the theoretical predictions obtained with different Monte-Carlo generators. An alternative method for the hadronic recoil reconstruction with the use of deep neural networks is proposed in the thesis. The method is shown to improve the resolution of the measured hadronic recoil by about 10% in the most relevant region of low pT. The observables obtained using approach improve the sensitivity to the mass of the W boson
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Jeřábek, Martin. "Sběr dat pomocí LabVIEW." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219326.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main objective of this work is to create a program for automatic operation of measuring test track. The track is used for multi-hole velocity probes calibration. Normalized orifice plate is used as measurement standard. The program requires the user to enter certain information, which are not measured directly e.g. the values of measuring resistors, static air pressure. After entering this information, measurement can be started. The measurements are carried out simultaneously on the both flowmeters and on the thermomether Pt 100. The actual density of flowing medium is calculated from the measured temperature. Because the measurement is parallel, the calibrated flowmeter can be calibrated during the measurement.
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Balli, Fabrice. "Calibration de l'échelle d'énergie des jets et mesure de la masse du quark top dans le canal semi-leptonique dans l'expérience ATLAS." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01059762.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de fournir une mesure aussi précise que possible de la masse du quark top dans son canal de désintégration semi-leptonique. Cette mesure expérimentale est réalisée à l'aide du détecteur ATLAS, installé auprès du LHC, un collisionneur proton-proton. Les motivations principales à cette mesure de précision sont les contraintes qu'elle apporte aux modèles de physique. Par ailleurs, la masse du quark top est un paramètre permettant d'estimer l'état de stabilité du vide dans le cadre du Modèle Standard, à l'échelle de Planck. Les jets sont des objets dont l'étalonnage en énergie est cruciale pour la mesure. Une étude détaillée de cette calibration est présentée, et notamment l'impact des conditions réelles de prises de données sur la performance de ces objets. La mesure de masse utilisant les données prises en 2011 à une énergie dans le centre de masse de 7 TeV est détaillée. Cette mesure utilise une méthode d'analyse particulière, appelée méthode des templates tridimensionnels. La masse du quark top mesurée est: mtop = 172.01 ± 0.92 (stat) ± 1.17 (syst) GeV. Les données prises en 2012 à une énergie dans le centre de masse de 8 TeV sont aussi analysées, et une mesure préliminaire de la masse du quark top est fournie: mtop = 172.82 ± 0.39 (stat) ± 1.12 (syst) GeV, la combinaison des deux mesures donnant le résultat le plus précis de cette thèse: mtop = 172.64 ± 0.37 (stat) ± 1.10 (syst) GeV.
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Li, Shuo. "CMOS Receiver Design for 802.11ac Standard Using Offline Calibrated Active Inductor Based Band Pass Filter in 90 nm Technology." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1576887184235935.
Повний текст джерела
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Khristenko, Viktor. "A search for the standard model Higgs Boson in the µ+µ- decay channel in PP collisions at √s=13 TeV with CMS, calibration of CMS Hadron forward calorimeter, and simulations of modern calorimeter systems." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5790.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A search for the Standard Model Higgs Boson decaying to two muons in proton-proton collisions with the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment is performed. Building on top of the success of previous CMS analyses (CMS Run I campaign), results are presented using 35.9 fb−1 of data collected over the course of 2016 (CMS Run II campaign) at a center-of-mass energy of √s = 13 TeV.
During the Long Shutdown 1 of the Large Hadron Collider, the CMS detector underwent substantial hardware changes. The second topic discusses the process of calibration of the CMS Hadron Forward Calorimeter in preparation for collisions after LS1.
The final chapter discusses the process of building simulations of calorimeter systems. Walking through all the steps from geometry specification to readout definition the results for two standalone calorimeters are presented that have been proposed as potential replacements for respective CMS components.
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Fortunato, Felipe Manfroi [UNESP]. "Avaliação do método de adição de padrão interno em técnicas espectroscópicas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/149764.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O objetivo desta Tese de Doutorado foi avaliar o método de adição de padrão interno empregando técnicas espectroscópicas. Inicialmente o método de adição de padrão interno foi aplicado no modo convencional na determinação de Ca e Mg em amostras biodiesel e urina por espectrometria de absorção atômica em chama de alta resolução e fonte contínua e na determinação de ureia em urina por espectroscopia Raman. Para fins comparativos, todas as amostras e materiais certificados foram também analisados pelos métodos de calibração externa, adição de padrão e padronização interna. Nitrato, Sr e Mn foram selecionados como padrões internos para ureia, Ca e Mg, respectivamente. Para avaliar a exatidão do método na determinação de Ca e Mg foram analisados nove materiais de referência certificados (CRM) e os resultados obtidos foram concordantes a 95% de confiança com os valores certificados (teste t). Para ureia a exatidão foi avaliada por meio de comparação dos resultados obtidos pelo método de adição de padrão interno e por um método de referência. Todos os resultados obtidos foram concordantes entre si (teste t pareado) ao nível de 95% de confiança. A exatidão do método também foi checada por meio de testes de adição e recuperação: Ca (93 – 119%), Mg (100 – 116%) e ureia (99 – 105%). A desvantagem do método de adição de padrão interno convencional foi o volume total de amostra utilizado, a quantidade de soluções analíticas empregadas e a baixa frequência analítica. No entanto, este problemas foram solucionados com o desenvolvimento de sistemas em fluxo e pelo uso de um gradiente de concentração. O método de adição de padrão interno por gradiente de concentração em fluxo foi avaliado na determinação de Na e K em amostras de biodiesel e urina por espectrometria de emissão atômica em chama e na determinação de etanol em gasolina por espectroscopia Raman. Lítio foi empregado como padrão interno para Na e K, e acetona foi utilizada como padrão interno para etanol. A exatidão do método na determinação de Na e K foi avaliada por meio da análise de cinco CRMs, e os resultados obtidos para Na foram concordantes a 95% de confiança com os valores certificados (teste t), para K os resultados apresentaram valores subestimados ao longo do trabalho (em torno de 80% de recuperação). Para determinação de etanol em gasolina a exatidão foi avaliada por meio da comparação dos resultados obtidos pelo método proposto e pelo método de referência, e todos os resultados obtidos foram concordantes entre si (teste t pareado) ao nível de 95% de confiança. A exatidão do método de adição de padrão interno por gradiente de concentração em fluxo também foi avaliada por meio de testes de adição e recuperação: Na (94 – 110%), K (73 – 86%) e etanol (99 – 104%). Os resultados obtidos utilizando o método de adição de padrão interno (convencional e em fluxo) em todas as aplicações apresentaram precisão e exatidão melhores ou comparáveis aos métodos de adição de padrão, padronização interna e calibração externa, mostrando ser uma estratégia de calibração eficiente para técnicas espectroscópicas.
The aim of this Doctoral Thesis was to evaluation of the internal standard addition method employing spectroscopic techniques. Initially, traditional standard addition method was applied for Ca and Mg determination in biodiesel and urine samples by high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry and for urea determination in urine samples by Raman spectroscopy. For comparison purposes, all samples and certified materials were also analyzed by external calibration, standard addition and internal standardization methods. Nitrate, Sr and Mn were selected as internal standards for urea, Ca and Mg, respectively. In order to verify the accuracy for Ca and Mg determination were analyzed nine certified reference materials (CRM), the results were in agreement with certified values at the 95% confidence level (t-test). For urea, the accuracy was evaluated by comparison of the results obtained by internal standard addition and a reference method. All results were in agreement at 95% confidence level (paired t-test) with each other. The accuracy was also checked by addition and recovery tests: Ca (93 - 119%), Mg (100 - 116%) and urea (99 - 105%). The drawbacks of traditional internal standard addition were the total volume of sample used, the amount of analytical solutions employed and the lower sample throughput. However, these problems were solved with the development of flow systems and the use of a concentration gradient. The internal standard addition by flow gradient concentration was evaluated for Na and K determination in biodiesel and urine samples by flame emission atomic spectrometry and for ethanol determination in gasoline by Raman spectroscopy. Lithium was selected as internal standard for Na and K, and acetone was selected as internal standard for ethanol. The accuracy of the method for Na and K determination was evaluated by five CRMs analysis, and the results obtained for Na were in agreement with certified values at the 95% confidence level (t-test), for K the results presented underestimated values throughout the study (around 80% recovery). The accuracy for ethanol determination in gasoline was evaluated comparing the results obtained by the proposed method with the reference method. All results were in agreement at 95% confidence level (paired t-test) with each other. The accuracy of internal standard addition by flow gradient concertation method was also evaluated by addition and recovery tests: Na (94 - 110%), K (73 - 86%) e ethanol (99 - 104%). The results obtained by internal standard addition (traditional and flow modes) for all applications showed accuracy and precision better or comparable with traditional calibration methods (standard addition, internal standardization and external calibration), revealing to be an efficient calibration strategy for spectroscopic techniques.
FAPESP: 2012/23323-7
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DI, MATTEO LEONARDO. "CMS ECAL intercalibration with electrons from W and Z decays and Search for the Standard Model Higgs boson in the H > WW > lvqq channel with the CMS detector." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/41813.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The usage of isolated electrons from W and Z leptonic decays for the intercalibration of the CMS ECAL single channel response is described. The statistics of 5 fb−1, collected at LHC in 2011 at sqrt(s)=7 TeV, allowed to reach a statistical precision of about 1% in the central part of the ECAL barrel and about 4% in the ECAL endcaps. The results obtained with this method are combined with others, and the impact on the Higgs to di-photon search is shown.
Subsequently, the thesis describes the search strategy for the Higgs boson in the H > WW > lvqq final state. The results are based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 17 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions accumulated during the 2011-2012 LHC run.
The standard model Higgs boson is excluded at 95% confidence level in the mass ranges [215 − 490] + [525 − 600] GeV.
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Bergeås, Kuutmann Elin. "Calibration of the ATLAS calorimeters and discovery potential for massive top quark resonances at the LHC." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-32854.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ATLAS is a multi-purpose detector which has recently started to take data at the LHC at CERN. This thesis describes the tests and calibrations of the central calorimeters of ATLAS and outlines a search for heavy top quark pair resonances.The calorimeter tests were performed before the ATLAS detector was assembled at the LHC, in such a way that particle beams of known energy were targeted at the calorimeter modules. In one of the studies presented here, modules of the hadronic barrel calorimeter, TileCal, were exposed to beams of pions of energies between 3 and 9 GeV. It is shown that muons from pion decays in the beam can be separated from the pions, and that the simulation of the detector correctly describes the muon behaviour. In the second calorimeter study, a scheme for local hadronic calibration is developed and applied to single pion test beam data in a wide range of energies, measured by the combination of the electromagnetic barrel calorimeter and the TileCal hadronic calorimeter. The calibration method is shown to provide a calorimeter linearity within 3%, and also to give a reasonable agreement between simulations and data. The physics analysis of this thesis is the proposed search for heavy top quark resonances, and it is shown that a narrow uncoloured top pair resonance, a Z', could be excluded (or discovered) at 95% CL for cross sections of 4.0±1.6 pb (in the case of M=1.0 TeV/c2) or 2.0±0.3 pb (M=2.0 TeV/c2), including systematical uncertainties in the model, assuming √s = 10 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 200 pb-1. It is also shown that an important systematical uncertainty is the jet energy scale, which further underlines the importance of hadronic calibration.
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Brochet, Sébastien. "Recherche de physique au-delà du Modèle Standard dans le secteur du quark top et calibration de l’échelle en énergie des jets avec l’expérience CMS du LHC." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10108/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La première partie de cette thèse est dédiée à l’extraction des corrections de l’échelle en énergie des jets dans l’expérience CMS du LHC. Les diverses méthodes d’extraction sont détaillées, en insistant tout particulièrement sur l’utilisation des événements photon + jets. Les corrections ainsi extraites sont primordiales pour les analyses de physique utilisant des jets, et sont d’ores et déjà utilisées par toute la collaboration.La deuxième partie présente la recherche de physique au-delà du Modèle Standard dans le secteur du quark top. De nombreux modèles de nouvelle physique prédisent en effet de nouvelles particules, pouvant se manifester comme des résonances dans le spectre de masse top-antitop. Deux analyses sont présentées dans cette thèse, une dédiée à la recherche des résonances de spin 1 et une dédiée à la recherche de résonances de spin 0, où les phénomènes d’interférences avec le Modèle Standard sont pris en compteThe first part of this thesis is dedicated to the extraction of jet energy scale corrections for the CMS experiment at the LHC. Various extraction methods are described, with a particular interest on corrections extraction using photon + jets events. These corrections are necessary for all analyses using jets and are already used by the whole collaboration. The second part presents the searches for new physics beyond the Standard Model. Many models of new physics predict new particles with enhanced coupling to the top quark, which can show up as resonances in the top-antitop invariant mass spectrum. Two separate analyses are described in this thesis, one dedicated to the search of spin 1 resonances and one dedicated to the search of spin 0 resonances, where interference effects with the Standard Model production are taken into account
30
Zhang, Fengwangdong. "Measurement of jet production in association with a Z boson at the LHC and jet energy correction calibration at high level trigger in CMS." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/251804.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This PhD dissertation presents the measurement of the cross section of jet production in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider in CERN, with a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV in 2012 and of 13 TeV in 2015. The data used for this analysis were collected by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector, with an integrated luminosity of 19.6 fb-1 in 2012 and of 2.25 fb-1 in 2015. The differential cross section is measured as a function of jet multiplicity, jet transverse momentum and rapidity, and the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta. The rapidity correlations between the Z boson and jets are also measured benefiting from the large statistics of data taken in 2012. All distributions of measured observables are obtained after correcting detector effects using unfolding approach, and the results of two leptonic decaying channels of Z boson are combined. Coming along with the systematic and statistical uncertainties, the measurement is compared to different theoretical predictions at different accuracy levels. The predictions are from MADGRAPH 5, SHERPA 2 (for 8 TeV analysis only), MADGRAPH_AMC@NLO, and fixed next-to-next-to-leading order (for 13 TeV analysis only). Thanks to the unprecedented high energy and the large statistics of data, precision measurement is accomplished in a physical phase space never reached before. This measurement provides precise systematics for different theoretical models. It also quantifies the improvement with higher order of perturbative quantum chromodynamics calculations on matrix elements relative to the leading order multi-leg approach. In particular to the rapidity correlation study, new matching schemes (FxFx and MEPS@NLO) for next-to-leading order matrix elements and parton shower show significant improvements with respect to the MLM matching scheme for leading order multi-leg matrix elements and parton shower. This measurement also gives precise background estimation for the measurements of many other processes in Standard Model like top quark production and gauge boson couplings, and for new physics searches such as Supersymmetry. In this thesis, the jet energy correction and calibration for the high level trigger system of CMS are also depicted. From 2012 to 2015, the Large Hadron Collider was upgraded, not only with the center-of-mass energy of the beams enlarged, but also with the instantaneous luminosity increased. The time distance between two particle bunches in a beam is reduced. As a result, the reconstructed momenta of the jets produced in each bunch crossing are significantly contaminated by multiple interactions. A dedicated technical approach has been developed for correcting the reconstructed jet momenta. The corrections have been calibrated and configured for the data taking in 2015 and 2016.Cette thèse présente une mesure de la section efficace de production de jets associés à un boson Z dans les collisions proton-proton du Grand Collisionneur de Hadron (LHC) situé au CERN, avec des énergies dans le centre de masse de 8 TeV et 13 TeV, respectivement pour les années 2012 et 2015. Les données utilisées pour cette analyse ont été collectées par le détecteur Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS). Elles constituent des échantillons de luminosités intégrées de 19.6 fb⁻¹ et 2.25 fb⁻¹, respectivement pour 2012 et 2015. Nous mesurons la section efficace différentielle en fonction de la multiplicité de jets, de l’impulsion transverse et de la rapidité des jets, et en fonction de la somme scalaire des impulsions transverses des jets. La corrélation entre les rapidités du boson Z et des jets est aussi mesurée et bénéficie de la large statistique prise en 2012. Toutes les distributions d’observables mesurées sont obtenues après corrections pour les effets détecteurs et les résultats des canaux de désintégration muonique et électronique du boson Z sont combinés. Tenant compte des incertitudes statistiques et systématiques, les mesures sont comparées à différentes prédictions théoriques ayant différents niveaux de précision. Les prédictions sont obtenues de MADGRAPH 5, SHERPA 2 (pour l’analyse à 8 TeV uniquement), MADGRAPH_AMC@NLO, et un modèle fixé au NNLO (pour l’analyse à 13 TeV uniquement). Par ces mesures de précisions, et en particulier celle de la corrélation de rapidités, nous avons acquis une compréhension plus approfondie de la chromodynamique quantique dans son régime perturbatif. Grâce à la plus haute énergie jamais atteinte en laboratoire, et à la grande statistique disponible, nous avons sondé avec précision des endroits de l’espace des phases jusque là inaccessibles.Dans cette thèse, les corrections et la calibration de l’énergie des jets pour le haut niveau de sélection de CMS est également présentée. Durant la période de 2012 à 2015, le LHC a été amélioré, non seulement l’énergie dans le centre de masse a augmenté, mais la luminosité instantanée a aussi été amplifiée. L’écart temporelle entre deux paquets de particules dans les faisceaux du LHC a été réduite. L’une des conséquences est que l’impulsion reconstruite pour les jets produits lors d’un croisement de faisceau à une contribution significative venant des multiples interactions ayant lieux lors du croisement des paquets. Une approche technique dédiée a été développée pour corriger l'impulsion des jets. Les corrections obtenues ont été calibrées aux données prises en 2015 et 2016.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Fey, Thomas. "Charakterisierung von organischen Solarzellen an einem neu aufgebauten Laser-basierten DSR-Messplatz." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-182093.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Die Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) unterstützt vielfältig die Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft. Eine ihrer Kernkompetenzen als das nationale Metrologie-Institut der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ist die Messtechnik. In diesem Sinne kalibriert die Arbeitsgruppe „Solarzellen“ der PTB
i. d. R. den Kurzschlussstrom unter Standardtestbedingungen (I_STC) von Referenzsolarzellen. Der I_STC von Referenzsolarzellen ist in Photovoltaik-Kalibrierketten bei der Bestimmung der Bestrahlungsstärke von zentraler Bedeutung und fließt signifikant in die Berechnung der Wirkungsgrad von Solarzellen und Solarmodulen ein.
Um den I_STC einer Solarzelle mit geringster Messunsicherheit zu bestimmen, wurde die Differential Spectral Responsivity (DSR)-Methode verwendet. Sie basiert auf der Messung der differentiellen spektralen Empfindlichkeit bei unterschiedlichen Bestrahlungsstärken. Anhand dieser kann die absolute spektrale Empfindlichkeit s(λ) unter Standardtestbedingungen sowie der I_STC berechnet werden. Da jedoch die Umgebungsbedingungen meistens von den STC abweichen, reichen letztere nicht zum umfassenden Vergleich der Wirkungsgrade in der Praxis aus. Um Einflussfaktoren (Temperatur, Bestrahlungsstärke, Winkelabhängigkeit,...) genauer untersuchen zu können, wurde im Rahmen dieser Arbeit an der PTB ein neuer Laser-basierter DSR-Messplatz aufgebaut und charakterisiert.
Mit dem neuen Messplatz wurden c-Si Referenzsolarzellen, organische Solarzellen auf Basis kleiner Moleküle sowie Farbstoffsolarzellen umfassend untersucht. Unter anderem wurden die elektrischen Leistungsparameter einer organischen Solarzelle (aktive Schicht: DCV5T-Me:C60) mit denen einer c-Si Solarzelle verglichen. Es zeigt sich, dass der Wirkungsgrad der organischen Solarzelle mit zunehmender Bestrahlungsstärke sinkt und mit zunehmender Temperatur steigt, während die c-Si Solarzelle ein gegensätzliches Verhalten aufweist.
Darüber hinaus wurde u.a. die Winkelabhängigkeit der zweiten organischen Solarzelle (aktive Schicht: C60:DCV5T-Me(3,3)) untersucht und mit den Resultaten einer c-Si Solarzelle verglichen. Diese Untersuchungen haben ergeben, dass die Winkelabhängigkeit des Kurzschlussstroms der organischen Solarzelle im Vergleich zu einer c-Si Solarzelle insbesondere zwischen 20° < ϑ < 60° eine „Super-Kosinus-Anpassung“ aufweist.
Ergänzend wurde an der PTB im Rahmen dieser Arbeit ein mobiler Messplatz für Outdoormessungen aufgebaut. Mit diesem konnten die mittels Indoor-Untersuchungen erhaltenen spektralen Empfindlichkeiten mit Outdoor-Messungen verglichen werden. Des Weiteren wurden spektrale Charakterisierungen der Himmelshalbkugel durchgeführt und Methoden für Korrekturen von Sekundärkalibrierungen untersucht.
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Košťák, Ondřej. "Kalibrace optických souřadnicových měřicích strojů GOM ATOS." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318719.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This master’s thesis contains the basic division of 3D methods which are used for reconstruction of measured objects. Furthermore the types of structured light patterns used for 3D triangulation. It also contains a description of the construction and functions of GOM ATOS and TRITOP machines. Primarily the thesis deals with the calibration of these machines, the design of suitable materials standard of size and the internal calibration methodology used by ŠKODA AUTO a.s. The text also includes verification of the proposed calibration procedure in practice, proposal for determination of calibration uncertainties and recommendations for practice.
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Huang, Bing. "Understanding Operating Speed Variation of Multilane Highways with New Access Density Definition and Simulation Outputs." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4079.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Traffic speed is generally considered a core issue in roadway safety. Previous studies show that faster travel is not necessarily associated with an increased risk of being involved in a crash. When vehicles travel at the same speed in the same direction (even high speeds, as on interstates), they are not passing one another and cannot collide as long as they maintain the same speed. Conversely, the frequency of crashes increases when vehicles are traveling at different rates of speed. There is no doubt that the greater speed variation is, the greater the number of interactions among vehicles is, resulting in higher crash potential. This research tries to identify all major factors that are associated with speed variation on multilane highways, including roadway access density, which is considered to be the most obvious contributing factor. In addition, other factors are considered for this purpose, such as configuration of speed limits, characteristics of traffic volume, geometrics of roadways, driver behavior, environmental factors, etc. A microscopic traffic simulation method based on TSIS (Traffic Software Integrated System) is used to develop mathematical models to quantify the impacts of all possible
factors on speed variation.
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Schinneck, Jakub. "Kalibrační postupy etalonu Datron 4920." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240913.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This master’s deals with the calibration routines of the alternating voltage measurement standard Datron 4920. The first part introduces the basic terminology of metrology, its history and organizations specializing in metrology. The thesis describes the alternating voltage at the highest metrological level through AC/DC difference. The theoretical part also describes the alternating voltage measurement standard Datron 4920 and its measurement functions together with the calibration routines. The main aim of thesis is to create the calibration procedures AVMS Datron 4920. Based on the created calibration procedures, a flowchart of application for calibration routines is designed. The practical part then continues with programming application for calibrating AVMS Datron 4920 based on the created flowchart. In conclusion, the application is tested at selected points of measurement and an analysis of measurement uncertainties is carried out.
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Jomaa, Diala. "A data driven approach for automating vehicle activated signs." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Datateknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-21504.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vehicle activated signs (VAS) display a warning message when drivers exceed a particular threshold. VAS are often installed on local roads to display a warning message depending on the speed of the approaching vehicles. VAS are usually powered by electricity; however, battery and solar powered VAS are also commonplace. This thesis investigated devel-opment of an automatic trigger speed of vehicle activated signs in order to influence driver behaviour, the effect of which has been measured in terms of reduced mean speed and low standard deviation. A comprehen-sive understanding of the effectiveness of the trigger speed of the VAS on driver behaviour was established by systematically collecting data. Specif-ically, data on time of day, speed, length and direction of the vehicle have been collected for the purpose, using Doppler radar installed at the road. A data driven calibration method for the radar used in the experiment has also been developed and evaluated. Results indicate that trigger speed of the VAS had variable effect on driv-ers’ speed at different sites and at different times of the day. It is evident that the optimal trigger speed should be set near the 85th percentile speed, to be able to lower the standard deviation. In the case of battery and solar powered VAS, trigger speeds between the 50th and 85th per-centile offered the best compromise between safety and power consump-tion. Results also indicate that different classes of vehicles report differ-ences in mean speed and standard deviation; on a highway, the mean speed of cars differs slightly from the mean speed of trucks, whereas a significant difference was observed between the classes of vehicles on lo-cal roads. A differential trigger speed was therefore investigated for the sake of completion. A data driven approach using Random forest was found to be appropriate in predicting trigger speeds respective to types of vehicles and traffic conditions. The fact that the predicted trigger speed was found to be consistently around the 85th percentile speed justifies the choice of the automatic model.
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LECUNA, TOVAR MARICARMEN LEANDRA. "Scale down of a dynamic generator of VOC reference gas mixtures." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2676926.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A system for the dynamic preparation of reference gas mixtures based on the diffusion technique has been developed by the National Metrology Institute of Italy i.e. the Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM). The gravimetric method used for the estimation of the diffusion rate and consequent concentration, gives the system the property to be a primary standard. The system can generate mixtures with low uncertainty and high stability in the 20 nmol.mol-1 - 2.5 µmol.mol-1 concentration range with a 5% (k = 2) expanded uncertainty for mixtures of acetone in air. Based on this system, a transportable device for the generation of VOC reference gas mixtures to be used as calibration standard was designed and developed. The methodology used for the scale down included several steps. An initial characterization and modelling of the primary device was done using computational tools. Based on the response of the computational model to the different physical quantities, a set of design parameters was identified. The thresholds for this set of parameters were established and translated into a set of design criteria to consider in order to keep the metrological performance target. After the design and development of the transportable device, a metrological characterization was carried out, to verify its capabilities. The metrological characterization of the generator was done in the Dutch National Metrology Institute i.e. the Van Swinden Laboratory (VSL) trough Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) analyses to evaluate the linearity, the reproducibility and the short term stability. The results for the generation of methanol mixtures with molar fractions in the 80-150 nmol.mol-1 range, were 99.6% linear, with a reproducibility after 3 days within 2,9% and a short term stability better than 1% per hour. Repeatable measurements of the generated concentration were obtained for three different molar fractions, with the use of both CRDS (VSL) and the GC/FID (INRIM). A flow of the desired dry pure carrier gas can be connected to the device. The presence of water in the system has not been taken into account and further analyses should be done before introducing it to the system. Water presence might affect the adsorption rate, and consequently the flushing time before normal operation. This transportable device is able to perform in-situ calibration of instruments and has been designed to generate gas mixtures of up to four species at a time.
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Li, Changqiao. "b-tagging calibration and observation of Higgs boson decays to a pair of bottom quarks with the atlas detector." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS620.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse décrit dans un premier temps la mesure d’efficacité d’identification des jets b grâce à la méthode tag-and-probe utilisant les données enregistrées par le détecteur ATLAS en 2015 et 2016. La méthode de mesure de l’efficacité, la sélection des objets, des événements et des jets sondes, l’évaluation des incertitudes systématiques et statistiques sont présentées. Les efficacités d’identification des jets b ont été mesurées en fonction du moment transverse des jets, de leurs pseudo-rapidités et du nombre moyen de collisions (pile-up). Les efficacités mesurées dans les données ont été comparées aux prédictions des simulations, et ainsi des facteurs d’échelles ont été extraits. Les valeurs obtenues sont proche de un, avec des incertitudes allant de 2% à 12%.Dans un deuxième temps, cette thèse décrit la recherche de la désintégration du boson de Higgs décrit par le modèle standard en une paire quark/anti-quark b dans le canal de production associée avec un boson vecteur. Deux résultats obtenus sont décrits: le premier avec les données collectées par ATLAS avec de collisions protons protons à 13 TeV lors du Run2 du LHC jusqu’en 2016 (36.1 fb-1), puis un second ajoutant les données obtenues dans les mêmes conditions en 2017 (44 fb-1).Le premier résultat est présenté avec une description de la technique de reconstruction des objets, de la sélection des événements et de leur classification, des techniques de discrimination entre le signal et le bruit de fond, de la modélisation des principaux bruits de fond, des propriétés du signal ainsi que de l’interprétation des résultats. Pour le deuxième étude, basée sur les 80 fb-1 données collectées, seules les différences d’avec la première étude sont mises en lumière.Les deux résultats apportent une forte évidence statistique de la production avec des significances respectives de 3.5 et 4.9 déviation standard. L’intensité du signal, définie comme le rapport entre la mesure et la prédiction théorique de la section efficace multipliée par le rapport d’embranchement , obtenue avec les données est , ce qui indique un bon accord entre les données et le modèle standard. La combinaison du résultat basé sur les données à 80 fb-1 obtenues à une énergie dans le centre de masse de 13 TeV avec les données obtenues avec une énergie inférieure (7 et 8 TeV) en 2011 et 2012, ainsi qu’avec les recherches de la désintégration dans les autres canaux de production (fusion de bosons vecteurs, production associée avec une paire de quark top) a permis l’observation de la désintégration avec une significance statistique de 5.4 déviation standard, et une mesure de l’intensité de signal . Une combinaison du résultat basée sur les données à 80 fb-1 obtenues à une énergie dans le centre de masse de 13 TeV avec les recherches dans le même canal de production et avec les mêmes données brutes dans les états finaux en deux photons et ZZ∗ → 4l, a permis l’observation de la production associée du boson de Higgs avec un boson vecteur avec une significance statistique de 5.3 deviation standard, et une mesure de l’intensité de signal , ce qui confirme le bon accord avec la théorie du modèle standardThis thesis firstly describes a measurement of the b-jet tagging efficiency with a tag-and-probe method using data recorded by the ATLAS detector in 2015 and 2016. The efficiency measurement method, the object selection, the event and probe jet selection, the evaluation of the statistical and systematic uncertainties, and the final results are discussed. The b-tagging efficiencies have been measured as a function of the jet transverse momentum, pseudorapidity and of the average number of pile-up collisions. The efficiencies measured in data have been compared to those predicted from simulation, and simulation-to-data efficiency scale factors have been determined. The efficiency scale factors are close to unity, with total uncertainty ranging between 2% and 12%. The second part of this thesis focuses on the search for the decays of the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson to bottom quarks in the associated production mode with vector bosons. Two measurements have been performed and are described here: the first one is based on of 13 TeV pp collisions recorded by ATLAS during the LHC Run-2 until 2016; the second one includes the additional of 13 TeV pp collisions recorded in 2017. For the study based on of data, the object reconstruction, event selection and classification, the techniques to discriminate the signal from the background, the main background and their modelling, the signal properties and the interpretation of results are discussed. For the study based on data, the main difference from the previous study are highlighted. Both results provide a strong evidence of the process, with statistical significances of 3.5 and 4.9 standard deviations, respectively. The signal strength, defined as the ratio between the measured cross section times branching ratio and the SM prediction, is measured with the 2015–2017 dataset to be , indicating good agreement with the SM. The combination of the results based on of 13 TeV collisions with the results of the same analysis performed on data collected at lower (7 and 8 TeV) centre-of-mass energies in 2011 and 2012, and witht those of the searches of decays in other Higgs boson production modes (vector-boson fusion, associated production with a top-quark pair) have led to the observation of the decay with a significance of 5.4 standard deviations, and to a measurement of the signal strength . A combination of the results of the results based on of 13 TeV collisions with the results of searches for the same production mode on the same amount of data in the diphoton and ZZ∗ → 4l Higgs boson final states has led to the observation of VH production with a significance of 5.3 standard deviations, and to a measurement of the signal strength , in good agreement with the SM
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Placido, Rui. "Estimating measurement uncertainty in the medical laboratory." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2016. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11258.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Medical Laboratories Accreditation is covered by ISO 15189:2012 - Medical Laboratories — Requirements for Quality and Competence. In Portugal, accreditation processes are held under the auspices of the Portuguese Accreditation Institute (IPAC), which applies the Portuguese edition (NP EN ISO 15189:2014). Accordingly, Medical Laboratories accreditation processes now require the estimate of measurement uncertainty (MU) associated to the results. The Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) describes the calculation of MU, not contemplating the specific aspects of medical laboratory testing. Several models have been advocated, yet without a final consensus. Given the lack of studies on MU in Portugal, especially on its application in the medical laboratory, it is the objective of this thesis to reach to a model that fulfils the IPAC’s accreditation regulations, in regards to this specific requirement. The study was based on the implementation of two formulae (MU-A and MU-B), using the Quality Management System (QMS) data of an ISO 15189 Accredited Laboratory. Including the laboratory’s two Cobas® 6000–c501 (Roche®) analysers (C1 and C2) the work focused three analytes: creatinine, glucose and total cholesterol. The MU-B model formula, combining the standard uncertainties of the method’s imprecision, of the calibrator’s assigned value and from the pre-analytical variation, was considered the one best fitting to the laboratory's objectives and to the study's purposes, representing well the dispersion of values reasonably attributable to the measurand final result. Expanded Uncertainties were: Creatinine - C1 = 9,60%; C2 = 5,80%; Glucose - C1 = 8,32%; C2 = 8,34%; Cholesterol - C1 = 4,00%; C2 = 3,54 %. ...[cont.].
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Sambri, Lorenzo. "Study and design of a torque meter for the control of the granulate production process." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nowadays improving accuracy, efficiency and robustness in measuring the torque, to overcome problems related to the repeatability of production processes, is taking on an increasingly important role in a highly automated, technologized and robotic industrial world. One of the main instruments available to detect and monitor the torque on a rotating system, such as a motor shaft, is the torque meter. This work, born in collaboration with IMA ACTIVE, deals with the torque meter integrated into granulators of the production chains of pharmaceutical companies to monitor the production process phases. The current transducer solution is revised, to define a sizing procedure for each machinery in which the torque meter must be integrated. Once the analytical relations for the instrument dimensioning are obtained and verified, the dimensioning of a specific missing measuring torque meter is realized and validated. The torque meter, as it is a reference instrument for the monitoring of a pharmaceutical process, requires periodic certifications of calibration. For this reason, in the thesis, it is also analysed the standard instrument used for the calibration procedure. New calibration instruments are here proposed and tested, to allow better emulation of the machine behaviour during the calibration procedure, hopefully improving the overall accuracy. Finally, issues related to the torque meter maintenance are taken into consideration. To simplify the maintenance procedure, a possible realization with modular construction is proposed. A decomposable instrument would allow a drastic reduction of the times required for the maintenance of the instrument, obviating the problems related to the one-piece solution.
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Jomaa, Diala. "The Optimal trigger speed of vehicle activated signs." Licentiate thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Mikrodataanalys, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-17538.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The thesis aims to elaborate on the optimum trigger speed for Vehicle Activated Signs (VAS) and to study the effectiveness of VAS trigger speed on drivers’ behaviour. Vehicle activated signs (VAS) are speed warning signs that are activated by individual vehicle when the driver exceeds a speed threshold. The threshold, which triggers the VAS, is commonly based on a driver speed, and accordingly, is called a trigger speed. At present, the trigger speed activating the VAS is usually set to a constant value and does not consider the fact that an optimal trigger speed might exist. The optimal trigger speed significantly impacts driver behaviour. In order to be able to fulfil the aims of this thesis, systematic vehicle speed data were collected from field experiments that utilized Doppler radar. Further calibration methods for the radar used in the experiment have been developed and evaluated to provide accurate data for the experiment. The calibration method was bidirectional; consisting of data cleaning and data reconstruction. The data cleaning calibration had a superior performance than the calibration based on the reconstructed data. To study the effectiveness of trigger speed on driver behaviour, the collected data were analysed by both descriptive and inferential statistics. Both descriptive and inferential statistics showed that the change in trigger speed had an effect on vehicle mean speed and on vehicle standard deviation of the mean speed. When the trigger speed was set near the speed limit, the standard deviation was high. Therefore, the choice of trigger speed cannot be based solely on the speed limit at the proposed VAS location. The optimal trigger speeds for VAS were not considered in previous studies. As well, the relationship between the trigger value and its consequences under different conditions were not clearly stated. The finding from this thesis is that the optimal trigger speed should be primarily based on lowering the standard deviation rather than lowering the mean speed of vehicles. Furthermore, the optimal trigger speed should be set near the 85th percentile speed, with the goal of lowering the standard deviation.
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Jelínek, Vít. "Kalibrace skleněných měřítek." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232162.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis deals with a more work-efficient and time-efficient method of calibration of standard glass scales, with practical use in the Czech Metrology Institute Regional Inspectorate in Brno. The desired streamlining of calibration were achieved in the use of a 3D coordinate measuring machine Micro-Vu Excel 4520. In the service software InSpec, six measuring programs were designed in the use of a standard glass scale brand SIP. The measurement uncertainties of this calibration were presented and calculated. This thesis draws up a draft proposal of the calibration procedure and drafts a formalized document of the calibration.
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Hernandez, Urena Luis Gustavo. "Pricing of Game Options in a market with stochastic interest rates." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An in depth study of the pricing of Game contingent claims under a general diffusion market model, in which interest rate is non constant, is presented.
With the idea of providing a few numerical examples of the valuation of such claims, we present a detailed description of a Bootstrapping procedure to obtain interest rate information from Swaps rates. We also present a Stripping procedure that can be used to obtain initial spot (caplet) volatility from Market quotes on Caps/FLoors. These methods are of general application and could be used in the calibration of diffusion models of interest rate.
Then we show several examples of calibration of the Hull--White model of interest rates. Our calibration examples are later used in the numerical approximation of the value of a particular form of Game option.
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TABANDEH, SHAHIN. "Advances in Humidity Standards." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2745353.
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Chomont, Arthur. "Etude du couplage du quark top au boson de Higgs dans l'expérience ATLAS." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC082/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La découverte du boson de Higgs au LHC en 2012 est la plus récente confirmation de la validité du modèle standard, théorie décrivant les particules élémentaires et leurs interactions fondamentales. De nombreuses études ont été mises en place pour étudier les différentes caractéristiques de cette particule récemment découverte. Ce travail se concentre sur la recherche du processus ttH dans l’expérience ATLAS, pour réaliser une première mesure directe du couplage de Yukawa du boson de Higgs au quark top, paramètre important dans les modèles de physique au-delà du modèle standard. La première partie de ce travail a porté sur l’automatisation de l’étalonnage du calorimètre hadronique à tuiles du détecteur ATLAS (TileCal ) par un système laser. Une description de ce système qui permet un étalonnage régulier de toutes les cellules du calorimètre est tout d’abord présentée. Ensuite, l’algorithme d’automatisation de ce processus d’étalonnage, qui a été écrit lors de ce travail, est décrit. Le but final de cet algorithme est de faciliter et accélérer la correction des canaux dont le gain dérive. Une deuxième partie concerne la recherche du processus ttH par l’étude des états finals multi-leptons et particulièrement avec deux leptons de même charge électrique et au moins 4 jets dont 1 étiqueté b. L’estimation des bruits de fond instrumentaux et le traitement statistique réalisé sont décrits en détail dans le document pour deux versions de l’analyse. Une première version correspondant aux données de l’année 2015 et du début 2016, soit une luminosité intégrée de 13.2f b −1 de données, aboutit à une précision insuffisante pour conclure sur la présence du processus ttH. Une deuxième version de l’analyse, optimisée avec l’utilisation d’analyses multivariées sur l’ensemble des données 2015 et 2016, se conclut par une observation du processus ttH lors de la combinaison de l’ensemble des états finals ttH. La signification statistique observée est alors de 4.2σ pour une signification statistique attendue de 3.8σ. Ce résultat est donc en accord avec la prédiction du modèle standardDiscovery of Higgs boson at LHC in 2012 is the most recent confirmation of the validity of Standard Model, theory describing elementary particles and their interactions. Many analysis now target the extraction of properties of the newly-discovered particle. A direct measurement in the ATLAS experiment of the top Yukawa coupling, one of these properties, is targeted in this work through ttH process. This coupling is of particular interest because of its strong sensitivity to New Physics. The first part of the work is about the automation of the calibration of the hadronic tile calorimeter of the ATLAS detector. A detailed description of the laser system used for a regular calibration of the calorimeter is done as well as of the calibration itself. Then more details on the algorithm written for the automation of the calibration are given. The final goal of this algorithm is to ease and fasten the calibration of channels with gain variation. The second part is dedicated to the search for ttH process through multilepton final states with emphasis on final state with two same-sign leptons, at least four jets and at least 1 b-tagged jet. Estimation of reducible backgrounds and statistical treatment of the analysis are detailed. A first version of the analysis with 13.2f b −1 , corresponding to 2015 and mid-2016 LHC data, ends with a final precision too low to extract any conclusion on the tt̄H process. In a second version of the analysis, improvements are made using multivariate analysis and adding more signal regions. The results from the multilepton analysis is combined with results from other ttH analysis, targeting other Higgs decays, to attain a final observed sentivity of 4.2σ. Thus an evidence for ttH production can be claimed from this combination. The final results give good agreement with Standard Model prediction
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Lorenzo, Martinez Narei. "Observation of a Higgs boson and measurement of its mass in the diphoton decay channel with the ATLAS detector at the LHC." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00924105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Standard Model of the particle physics predicts the existence of a massive scalar boson, usually referred to as Higgs boson in the literature, as resulting from the Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking mechanism, needed to generate the mass of the particles. The Higgs boson whose mass is theoretically undetermined, is experimentally looked for since half a century by various experiments. This is the case of the ATLAS experiment at LHC which started taking data from high energy collisions in 2010. One of the most important decay channel in the LHC environment is the diphoton channel, because the final state can be completely reconstructed with high precision. The photon energy response is a key point in this analysis, as the signal would appear as a narrow resonance over a large background. In this thesis, a detailed study of the photon energy response, using the ATLAS electromagnetic calorimeter has been performed. This study has provided a better understanding of the photon energy resolution and scale, thus enabling an improvement of the sensitivity of the diphoton analysis as well as a precise determination of the systematic uncertainties on the peak position. The diphoton decay channel had a prominent role in the discovery of a new particle compatible with the Standard Model Higgs boson by the ATLAS and CMS experiments, that occurred in July 2012. Using this channel as well as the better understanding of the photon energy response, a measurement of the mass of this particle is proposed in this thesis, with the data collected in 2011 and 2012 at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and 8 TeV. A mass of 126.8 +/- 0.2 (stat) +\- 0.7 (syst) GeV/c2 is found. The calibration of the photon energy measurement with the calorimeter is the source of the largest systematic uncertainty on this measurement. Strategies to reduce this systematic error are discussed.
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Dubreuil, Emmanuelle. "Recherche d'évènements à deux quarks top de même charge avec le détecteur ATLAS. Etalonnage du calorimètre hadronique d’ATLAS avec un système laser." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22499/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le Modèle Standard de la physique des particules permet de décrire le comportement des particules et leurs interactions. L’une d’elles, le quark top, est la particule élémentaire la plus lourde connue à ce jour. Cette propriété lui confère un rôle privilégié dans les théories dites de Nouvelle Physique, il pourrait se coupler préférentiellement aux nouvelles particules prédites par ces modèles.Cette thèse a été menée auprès du détecteur ATLAS installé au LHC. La première partie de ce travail a porté sur l’étalonnage du calorimètre hadronique, une partie du détecteur servant entre autres à mesurer l’énergie des hadrons produits lors des collisions. Ce calorimètre est étalonné grâce à un système laser, qui envoie des pulses de lumière dans les 9852 canaux du calorimètre. Cette étude a permis de corriger les canaux dont le gain dérive en appliquant des facteurs correctifs aux données. La deuxième partie de cette thèse a été consacrée à la recherche d’évènements à deux quarks top de même charge. La topologie avec deux leptons de même charge permet d’avoir une signature claire et présente peu de bruits de fond prédits par le Modèle Standard. Deux versions de l’analyse sont présentées : l’une avec une partie des données enregistrées par ATLAS en 2012, la deuxième plus optimisée avec le lot complet de données de 2012. Ces optimisations ont améliorées d’un facteur 3 la sensibilité sur le signal. N’ayant pas observé d’excès dans les données, une limite sur la section efficace de production d’évènements à deux quarks top de même charge a été calculée dans le cadre de deux modèles effectifsThe Standard Model of particle physics is used to describe the behavior of the particles and their interactions. One of them, the top quark, is the heaviest elementary particle. This property gives it a favored role in the New Physics theories, it could interact preferentially with new particles predicted by these models.This thesis was performed using the ATLAS detector at LHC. The first part of this work was on the calibration of the ATLAS hadronic calorimeter, part of the detector which is used to measure the energy of the hadrons produced during the collisions. The hadronic calorimeter is calibrated with a laser system, which sends pulses to the 9852 calorimeter’s channels. With this study, drifting channels were corrected by applying correction factors on the data.The second part of this thesis was dedicated to the search of events with two same-sign top quarks. The topology with a same-sign dilepton pair is used to have a clear signature and show only a few Standard Model backgroud processes. Two versions of this analysis are discussed : one of them with a part of the data collected in 2012 and the other one, with a lot of optimizations and with the complete dataset of 2012. These optimizations permits to improve the sensitivity of the signal by a factor 3. Without any excess observed in the data events, it is possible to calculate a limit on the cross section of the same-sign top quarks pair and interpreted in the case of two effective models
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FRANCISCATTO, PRISCILA C. "Caracterizacao das qualidades de radiacao X segundo as recomendacoes da norma IEC 61267 no Laboratorio de Calibracao do IPEN." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9454.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:26:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:58:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Ceria, Paul. "Développement d'un AFM virtuel pour l'évaluation du bilan d'incertitude de l'AFM métrologique du LNE." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30119/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
À l'heure où les nanotechnologies sont en plein essor, la précision des mesures réalisées à l'échelle nanométrique devient un défi essentiel pour améliorer les performances et la qualité des produits intégrant des nano. Pour répondre aux besoins sous-jacents en nanométrologie dimensionnelle, le Laboratoire National de métrologie et d'Essais (LNE) a conçu intégralement un Microscope à Force Atomique métrologique (mAFM). Son objectif principal est d'assurer la traçabilité au mètre défini par le Système International d'unités (SI) pour les mesures à l'échelle nanométrique. Pour cela, le mAFM utilise quatre interféromètres différentiels qui mesurent en temps réel le déplacement relatif de la pointe par rapport à l'échantillon. Cet instrument de référence est destiné à l'étalonnage d'étalons de transfert couramment utilisés en microscopie à champ proche (SPM) et en microscopie électronique à balayage (SEM). Lors de ce processus, une incertitude de mesure est évaluée. Elle détermine un niveau de confiance de l'étalonnage réalisé par le mAFM. Cette incertitude est généralement évaluée grâce à des mesures expérimentales permettant de déterminer l'impact de certaines sources d'erreur qui dégradent les mesures à l'échelle du nanomètre. Pour d'autres sources d'erreur, leur évaluation reste complexe ou expérimentalement impossible. Pour surmonter cette difficulté, le travail de thèse a consisté à mettre en place un modèle numérique de l'instrument nommé " AFM virtuel ". Il permet de prévoir l'incertitude de mesure du mAFM du LNE en ciblant les sources critiques d'erreur grâce à l'utilisation d'outils statistiques tels que la Méthode de Monte Carlo (MCM), les plans de Morris et les indices de Sobol. Le modèle utilise essentiellement la programmation orientée objet afin de prendre en compte un maximum d'interactions parmi les 140 paramètres d'entrée, en intégrant des sources jusqu'ici négligées ou surestimées par manque d'informationsAt present where nanotechnology applications are growing fast and nano products spreading worldwide, measurement accuracy at nanometer scale becomes an essential challenge to improve the performance and the quality of products integrating nano. To meet the specific needs in the field of dimensional nanometrology, LNE (French metrology institute) integrally designed a metrological Atomic Force Microscope (mAFM). Its main objective is to ensure the traceability of nanoscale measurements to the meter as defined by the International System of Units (SI). The mAFM uses four differential interferometers which measure the tip to sample relative position. This instrument will be devoted to the calibration of transfer standards commonly used in scanning probe microscopy (SPM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). During this process, a measurement uncertainty is evaluated to determine a confidence level of the calibration realized by the mAFM. This uncertainty is usually evaluated thanks to experimental measurements which determine the impact of some error sources which degrade measurements at the nanoscale. For other components, their evaluation can be more complex and sometimes impossible to estimate experimentally. To overcome this difficulty, the thesis work consisted in the development of a numerical model called "Virtual AFM". It allows producting the measurement uncertainty of the LNE's mAFM and to identify the critical components by using statistic tools such as Monte Carlo Method (MCM), Morris' design and Sobol' indices. The model uses essentially oriented-object programming to take into account a maximum of interactions from about 140 input quantities. It allowed integrating components previously neglected or overestimated due to a lack of information
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Deutsch, Erik R. (Erik Robertson) 1974. "Development of calibration standards for accurate measurement of geometry in microelectromechanical systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9945.
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Daniel, John Edward. "Development of enhanced multiport network analyzer calibrations using non-ideal standards." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001392.
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