Дисертації з теми "Cadre d’aide à la décision"
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Padey, Pierryves. "Modèles simplifiés d’Analyse de Cycle de Vie : cadre méthodologique et applications aux filières de conversion d’énergie." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENMP0083/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe energy transition debate is a key issue for today and the coming years. One of the challenges is to limit the environmental impacts of electricity production. Decision support tools, sufficiently accurate, simple to use, accounting for environmental aspects and favoring future energetic choices, must be implemented. However, the environmental assessment of the energy pathways is complex, and it means considering a two levels characterization. The “energy pathway” is the 1st level and corresponds to its environmental distribution, to compare overall pathways. The “system pathway” is the 2nd level and compares environmental impacts of systems within each pathway. We have devised a generic methodology covering both necessary characterization levels by estimating the energy pathways environmental profiles while allowing a simple comparison of its systems environmental impacts. This methodology is based on the definition of a parameterized Life Cycle Assessment model and considers, through a Global Sensitivity Analysis, the environmental impacts of a large sample of systems representative of an energy pathway. As a second step, this methodology defines simplified models based on few key parameters identified as inducing the largest variability in the energy pathway environmental impacts. These models assess in a simple way the systems environmental impacts, avoiding any complex LCAs. This reduction methodology has been applied to the onshore wind power energy pathway in Europe and the photovoltaic energy pathway in France
Bourgeois, Guillaume. "Analyse et modélisation de l’impact environnemental du système d’information." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS023.
Повний текст джерелаDigital technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, but it has a significant environmental impact, particularly in terms of energy consumption, greenhouse gas production, electronic waste, water and air pollution, deforestation, and biodiversity loss. Organizations are becoming aware of their environmental responsibility and are seeking to reduce their carbon footprint related to information systems. To help organizations manage their IS carbon footprint, this thesis proposes a decision support framework based on a detailed modeling of the environmental impact of the information system. This framework identifies the most effective actions to reduce the environmental impact of the IS, taking into account the operational and financial constraints of the organizations. The WeNR tools are presented as concrete applications of this decision support framework, which allow measuring the environmental impact of the IS within organizations and proposing concrete measures to reduce it. Finally, the author presents the prospects of a responsible digital SaaS decision support tool that would automatically collect data on the organization’s digital carbon footprint, analyze it, propose specific actions to reduce it, and provide key environmental performance indicators
Tramoni, Félicien. "Analyse du traitement et de la gestion durable des boues d’épuration en Corse. Proposition de solutions énergétiques alternatives, axées sur la méthanisation des boues avec production d’énergies, aux méthodes appliquées en Corse. Utilisation de l’outil d’aide multicritère à la décision dans le cadre du surclassement de ces nouveaux procédés." Thesis, Corte, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CORT0019.
Повний текст джерелаSludge quality is directly related to the quality of of these processing steps present in a water treatment plant. In terms of treatment and disposal of sludge, we observe on the part of local actors, a willingness to permanent and lasting abandonment of the sector 'deposit in storage centre'', given a regional plans and regulations (including the PREDIS Corsica), increasingly demanding in terms of valuations of industrial and special waste. We also observe a gradual and planned abandonment of practices for spreading. Indeed, the spreading of sewage sludge is the subject of widespread controversy which highlights the health and environmental risks it would lead to agricultural soils. In our region, this practice is not carried out regulatory manner. In Corsica, the local actors seem to have opted for the solution of compost to enhance the production of sewage sludge. Nearly 2/3 of the annual tonnage MS sludge is currently valued via this pathway. The composting process is equivalent to an aerobic fermentation involving a multitude of microorganisms. This composting stream, as well as spreading, experienced strong expansion of its business but seems to have flaws and limitations: problems with odors; regulatory increasingly demanding; and finally overproduction unsaleable compost to the views of the application.Another solution could present higher advantages: anaerobic digestion with production of electricity and heat from cogeneration. . This energy production go through the biogas produced by this system. Indeed, the biogas is a mixture containing mostly methane (50 – 70 %) and carbon dioxide. Due to a high concentration of methane, biogas is a good energy supplier (1m3 biogas has a calorific value 6 kWh equivalent to 0.6 liters of fuel). To generate electricity, the anaerobic digestion process must be coupled to an engine cogeneration or several microturbines. EDF has the obligation to purchase electricity at a price ranging between 11 and 14 euro cents/kwh. After 15 years, the redemption of the kwh produced is done at the rate offered by EDF.In Corsica, only a treatment plant is equipped with a digester coupled in series to five microturbines, producing heat and electricity cogeneration: The wastewater treatment plant at Campo Dell'Oro /Ajaccio. This energy recovery process could be improved with an eventual replacement of the microtubines by a cogeneration engine. An AMCDP allowed to outperform this technology towards microturbines, much less efficient in terms of performance.The equipment of the highest capacity treatment plants in Corsica, digesters associated with a cogeneration engine could be a lasting solution to the problem of energy recovery of sewage sludge
Brossier, David. "Élaboration et validation d'une base de données haute résolution destinée à la calibration d'un patient virtuel utilisable pour l'enseignement et la prise en charge personnalisée des patients en réanimation pédiatrique Perpetual and Virtual Patients for Cardiorespiratory Physiological Studies Creating a High-Frequency Electronic Database in the PICU: The Perpetual Patient Qualitative subjective assessment of a high-resolution database in a paediatric intensive care unit-Elaborating the perpetual patient's ID card Validation Process of a High-Resolution Database in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit – Describing the Perpetual Patient’s Validation Evaluation of SIMULRESP©: a simulation software of child and teenager cardiorespiratory physiology." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC428.
Повний текст джерелаThe complexity of the patients in the intensive care unit requires the use of clinical decision support systems. These systems bring together automated management protocols that enable adherence to guidelines and virtual physiological or patient simulators that can be used to safely customize management. These devices operating from algorithms and mathematical equations can only be developed from a large number of patients’ data. The main objective of the work was the elaboration of a high resolution database automatically collected from critically ill children. This database will be used to develop and validate a physiological simulator called SimulResp© . This manuscript presents the whole process of setting up the database from concept to use
Camacho, Paola. "Développement d’une approche multifilière d’aide à la décision en gestion des matières résiduelles." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1065/1/CAMACHO_Paola.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRothé, Marie. "Élaboration d’un outil d’aide à la décision pour la conception de verger agroécologique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0394/document.
Повний текст джерелаBiological control through habitat conservation is a way to reduce the reliance on and the impact of insecticide treatments that are numerous and toxic. It is particularly suitable for citrus orchards which include large areas often uncultivated. The natural enemies present in greater number in a vegetal cover are then more easily mobilized during massive attacks of pests on trees. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the impact of different weed management methods (mowing, milling, tillage and herbicide) on plant communities and natural enemies populations within the orchard, focusing on two communities that evolve at two distinct spatial scales: the Phytoseiidae and the Coccinellidae. Our results showed a functional differentiation of vegetal communities managed with different weed management methods over time. Phytoseiidae are present in comparable abundances in all these plant communities but are influenced by the abundance of plant species with densities of moderate trichomes and domaties in the vegetal cover. Similarly, the abundances of Coccinellidae are positively correlated with the abundance of Poaceae species on the plot whereas the weed management modalities have no significant impact. This knowledge has been mobilized and articulated for the development of a decision-making tool prototype contributing to the design of agro-ecological orchards. It allows ex ante evaluation of scenarios of weed management practices in order to optimize biological control by conservation in citrus orchards. We have chosen a functional approach which will easily allow to generalize the tool to other crops by expanding the database with functional traits to non-informed plant species and a good knowledge of the affinities of natural enemies to promote
André, Stéphane. "Evaluation de la performance non financière des entreprises : apport des méthodes multicritère d’aide à la décision." Paris 9, 2009. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090025.
Повний текст джерелаWith the strengthening of corporate social responsibility, performance evaluation within companies needs to be revised. In this context, our research aims to validate the interest of the Multicriteria Decision Analysis methodologies (MCDA). We propose a method called EPISSURE which allows non financial performance evaluation thanks to synthesis indicators, which are built in a four hierarchical levels and computed with MCDA tools. These indicators are implemented thanks a formalized process called “framed dialog”. The purpose of this “framed dialog” is to build a common vision about performance evaluation for all the shareholders. In order to validate EPISSURE, we conducted eight fields’ studies about environmental and sponsorship performance evaluation. EPISSURE is still working on four of these eight studies. Even if several limits have been pointed up, feedbacks seem to validate that EPISSURE could be considered as an added value in order to evaluate non financial performance
Moretti, Basiliu. "Modélisation du comportement des feux de forêt pour des outils d’aide à la décision." Thesis, Corte, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CORT0007/document.
Повний текст джерелаModeling the spread of forest fires is a complex affair which can be examined in different ways (physical, semi-physical, empirical). Numerous simulators exist, each one bearing its own particularities, benefits and weak points. The work which has led to the writing of this thesis aims at improving the simplified physical model of fire propagation (Balbi et al, 2007), as well as at laying down the first foundation stones of what will favor an evolution towards a fire behavioral pattern. This study is based upon three main themes :• Modeling the spread of a surface fire with the main engine the radiative heat transfer. This modeling leads to achieve improvements in the formulation of its speed on flat ground, without wind. It finally led to the characterization of two criteria of extinction with characterization of critical values of two parameters (leaf area index and the water content of the fuel).• Quantification of the energy radiating from the flame front. This quantification was performed assuming the solid flame model. This approach has led to obtaining an analytical relationship for the evaluation of Admissible Safety Distance (ASD) in a very short time. • Sensitivity analysis of the different results attained in order to confirm them as a whole and identify the relative influence of various parameters
Bois, Jérémy. "Outil d’aide à la décision pour la conception de maisons solaires à énergie positive." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0679/document.
Повний текст джерелаWith energy-related and environmental climate change challenges, energy sobriety and local energy production are yet to become a mainstream practice for new buildings construction by 2020. This works focuses on single-family houses which in France represent half of new buildings constructions with 200000 new units new units each year. Near zero energy single-family houses with 100 % solar energy consists on compromising between performance of building envelope which defines energy needs and the ability for equipments to value free solar energy. Hence solar energy must be able to cover space heating and domestic hot waterdemands but also provide enough energy for lightning and other specific uses such as domestic appliances.After a literature review of near zero energy house concepts, an analysis was undertaken to providea clear view of solar combi-systems technical solutions with the ability to provide enough energyfor both needs : space heating and domestic hot water. Using Dymola environment a detailed modelwas developed and its consistency was checked by inter-comparison at component scale. An innovative control algorithm has been worked out to maximize the solar system’s global performance. Afirst parametric study has shown that the system was able to cover close to 80 % of house heat requirement. However sizing of a solar combi-system is a complex task and requires to find compromises between building sobriety, solar thermal energy efficiency, and photovoltaics solar energy sizing. Because of the problem’s complexity, a decision aid tool with an appropriate multi-criteria optimizationalgorithm is required.To that end a chapter is dedicated to the development of a multi-criteria optimization algorithm based on artificial bee colony behavior. This approach has proved to be quite effective to solve the problem and to handle continuous, discrete and qualitative decision variables. Chosen solution was constrained to have a positive energy balance and must maximize solar space heating and domestic fraction in a view to reduce total energy consumption. A validation process has also been set up and the developed optimization algorithm has proved its ability to solve standard problems with a fairlyshort number of evaluations. Adopted methodology was illustrated by two applications of the design phase of a near zero energydetached house. First one is located at Bordeaux an second one in Strasbourg. Selected climate conditions emphasize the ability of the proposed approach to identify a wide range of optimal solutions showing differences within the building’s performance as well as the solar system sizing. Lastly a decision aid tool allows to explore optimal front in a convenient way to shape adapted solutions
Kechaou, Fatma. "Construction d’un système d’aide à la décision statistico-cognitive pour le pilotage des processus d’entreprise." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST055.
Повний текст джерелаTo maintain their competitiveness, companies must be able to produce products that meet customer expectations while controlling their production tools as well as possible. The diagnosis and prognosis of potential failures in the production system in terms of performance are powerful methods for improving industrial performance. Having a model for implementing these methods is a real challenge. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to the performance-based control of production systems. The Bayesian network, one of the most robust techniques of the "Probabilistic Graphs" family, combined with the fundamental concept of causality have been used to produce models allowing diagnostic and prognostic studies. A methodology based on the use of human expertise and historical data was defined and applied to the case of a perfume packaging line. Techniques were proposed in order to reduce as much as possible the natural biases resulting from the elicitation of human expertise. This thesis is part of the French project EUGENE, FUI23. The objective of the thesis is to set up a reactive solution for control while ensuring a better compromise between equipment availability, operating costs, quality and competitiveness of the product. We explore human expertise, as well as causality independence reasoning centered on a Bayesian probabilistic formalism in order to develop a methodology to build a model for estimating the state of health of the productive system. The results present a synthetic vision tool for decision support to the industrialist
Koch, Cyril. "Un système d’aide à la décision pour la planification et l’ordonnancement dans l’industrie du pneumatique." Thesis, Troyes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TROY0004.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with a complex problem of production campaigns dimensioning, and their allocation to resources for the production of agricultural tires at the Michelin plant of Troyes. This industrial context made it possible to consider new specific constraints such as: the prioritization of customer needs, the saturation of the resources of an upstream workshop, the number of production campaigns ends, and the continuity of production campaigns. Initially, a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming Formulation (MILP) was proposed to model the different constraints of the problem. This formulation makes it possible to calibrate the weightings of the objective function and to carry out sensitivity analyzes on certain constraints. In a second step, and in order to guarantee a resolution of instances of industrial size, a matheuristic method based on a decomposition approach is proposed. First of all, a temporal segmentation of the planning horizon is made, then a sequential approach is considered to successively solve the campaign sizing and allocation problems. Based on this work, a decision-support tool called "Decision-support System for Planning and Scheduling (DSPS)" was developed. This tool allows two uses at the industrial level: at the operational level for the optimization of production plans; and at the tactical level for performance evaluation and management of the production system
Pozzetti, André. "Une méthodologie d’aide à la décision pour l’optimisation de services aéronautiques basés sur la performance." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VALE0013.
Повний текст джерелаTo remain competitive within the aeronautic industry, companies are developing various strategies to gain a competitive edge as the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) increases with complex aeronautical acquisition and support programs. Customers are focusing their needs on the operational availability of such systems and are no longer willing to pay a premium for such a service, consequently the supplier is challenged to minimize the TCO whilst retaining a high level of fleet performance. In such accords, some of the operational performance risk is transferred back to the supplier and are usually in the form of financial penalties, which consequently creates a financial risk on the profitability of the contract for the supplier. This research addresses the problem from the point of the supplier when considering different strategic options for the sale and offer of performance-based aeronautic services that guarantee fleet availability. The methodology considers the complex system, as is typical with current aeronautic systems, relating support mechanisms, and the multiple yet contradictory objectives to achieve as a supplier. The methodology proposed covers the categories of Availability, Reliability, Maintainability and Supportability; it considers the complex system as a whole including the interactions within this system and the relationships between availability performance and cost. Additional other contributing factors are also considered within this support mechanism, such as the types of uncertainty on system performance, data, financial risks and costs. The introduction of a penalty model for use with Performance-Based Service (PBS) offers within the aeronautic industry is also provided. A methodology for penalty analysis is proposed through the two case studies presented in this thesis, giving the supplier a competitive advantage through the ability to predict the probability distribution of system performance and to quantify the financial risk for the penalty model in question. The analysis 5 methodology also demonstrates that the ability to perform risk analysis on contractual penalties is just as important to the supplier as the ability to predict overall system performance, as the findings present that it is quite possible to have a large financial risk exposure if the wrong penalty scenario is chosen even if the predicted Fleet Availability performance is above the targeted or contracted rate
Attouri, Emna. "Contribution dans l’industrialisation de la construction : Mise au point d’un outil d’aide à la décision appliqué au gros œuvre." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECLI0016.
Повний текст джерелаOffsite Construction (OSC), Modern Methods of Construction (MMC), Offsite Manufacturing (OSM), and Offsite Production (OSP) are all terms cited as being possible solutions for addressing time, quality and cost concerns associated with traditional construction method. Successful implementation of these methods on a particular project requires systematic analysis and early decision making based on specific factors of the project. There is a lack of an efficient systematic approach that is able to match the changing needs, deal with the growing complexity of building projects and take into consideration recently developed innovations, technologies and regulations. In this respect these issues have been addressed in this research study. The objective of this dissertation is the development of an early- phase decision tool to support the general contractor in selecting construction methods. We propose a multi-level decision framework. The first level conducts a feasibility study and evaluates the applicability of offsite construction. The second level proposes an integrated approach for the decision-making problem that combines the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE). The combination of both approaches enables a careful evaluation of different construction methods and scenarios for the same project. The research methodology adopted is a mixed approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection methods, including three case studies, 10 semi-structured interviews, questionnaires with different construction stakeholders and focus groups with 9 construction engineers. The study first identifies the advantages and limitation of offsite construction. Second, it highlights the factors influencing decisions on the use of prework. Then, it presents and describes a computerized tool to aid project teams in the decision-making process. Finally, the decision-making tool was tested and with construction practitioners on three different case studies. They validate that the developed framework and tool are useful and effective in the decision-making process
Zidi, Kamel. "Système interactif d’aide au déplacement multimodal (SIADM)." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Zidi.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this work is the realization of a system allowing to assist the travellers, and to facilitate their movement in normal and degraded functioning of the transport network. This system aims to minimize the waiting time of the travellers, in degraded mode, at exchanges stations and to assure them, as well as possible, the continuity of their journey in the multimodal transport networks. So it improves the quality of the service returned to the travellers in order to inform them. A first part of the work in this thesis concerns conception, development and validation of our approach which allows giving optimal or almost optimal solutions for a normal and disrupted transport system. This approach uses a multi-objective method of search for optimal route which leans on a hybridization between a modified Dijkstra algorithm and a genetic algorithm. The modified Dijkstra algorithm gives us a set of solutions serving as initial population for the genetic algorithm. The modelling of the transport system is represented by multi-zones architecture. This architecture shows us the distributed aspect of the system, and the interactions and the relations which can take place among various zones. We present in this work a Multi-agent system of Help to the Movement. These agents use the module of optimization developed in the first part. Our work is realized within the framework of the "VIATIC-MOBILITE" project, which is the project 6 of the I-Trans Competitiveness cluster
Germon, Rony. "Sécuriser le capital immatériel des petites et moyennes entreprises : vers un outil d’aide à la décision." Thesis, Troyes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TROY0019/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe current economic environment is characterized by a more turbulent environment that pushes companies to consider a new model for more sustainable value creation. In fact, they have returned to a post-industrial highlights and exploits the richness of their intellectual capital. They must create the conditions for their development and their success in activating the riches of the invisible but also protecting them from hostile actions of their competitors because intangible assets are crucial in terms of competitiveness. In this context, business performance is dependent on the implementation of strategies to anticipate changes in their environment and the risks to their intellectual capital.SMEs are more sensitive to changes in their environment than larger companies. Their organization and financial resources makes them more vulnerable intangible capital. Our subject requires cross-pollination between different disciplines in order to bring out the most effective ways for SMEs to grow according to its characteristics, experience and environment in which it operates.Without changing the organization of the company, the goal is to implement a rigorous approach allowing the company to develop an effective protection of its intellectual capital to make decisions. This approach is synthesized in the software ICARS (Intangible Capital Risk Assessment Software)
Vuillet, Marc. "Élaboration d’un modèle d’aide à la décision probabiliste pour l’évaluation de la performance des digues fluviales." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1186.
Повний текст джерелаLevee risk control is crucial, as flood defense failures may seriously affect human life or economics issues. The regulation in France relating to the safety of the hydraulic structures is recently evolved (decree of December 11, 2007) and henceforth envisages for levees the realization of regular diagnoses and studies of dangers and encourages a probabilistic evaluation of levees safety. A levee safety evaluation currently consists in appraising the work, including taking into account data stemming from various prior investigations: historical records, visual inspections, hydraulic modeling, geophysical explorations, geotechnical explorations, etc. Such investigations may be performed to a more or less comprehensive extent, according to the resources available. Levee diagnostic studies will first split the alignments into several homogenous construction and loading sections, then complete an expert quality assessment of their performance levels. The goal of our research is to develop a probabilistic model for performance assessment of river levees, for a quick or comprehensive diagnosis. The model give support for engineer and make possible to determine how much an evaluation may be trusted and will help decide which levee sections should be primarily subjected to action or investigations. This will also facilitate the decision making process regarding technical actions to be taken to improve a levee section performance. Our approach contains three main steps:- analyzing and modeling levees failure mechanisms with a functional model build up from risk analysis methods ;- construction of deterministic decision aid model including levees performance indicator, using unicriterion decision support methods ;- construction of a probabilistic-based model for evaluating levees performance. Such model taking into account the input data uncertainty by using subjective probabilities. Our research results are illustrated by model application on cases studies
Edjossan-Sossou, Abla Mimi. "Méthodologie d’aide à la décision pour une gestion durable des risques d’origine naturelle en contexte incertain." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0291/document.
Повний текст джерелаNatural hazard risk management is a major strategic challenge for territorial authorities because of the potential adverse effects on their development that arise from the occurrence of such a kind of risks. With a view to sustainably managing these risks, the development of multicriteria decision-support methods and tools to evaluate the sustainability of risk management strategies is an interesting and topical research subject. The main underlying challenges of sustainability assessment are to define a theoretical framework that will enable assessing the sustainability, and to take into account inherent uncertainties that could derive from various sources (input data, methodological choices, dynamics of the context, etc.), and that could potentially influence the relevance of assessment results. Hence, there is a need to develop a methodology for handling uncertainties in the decision-making process in order to provide decision-makers with the most relevant results. The present research introduces an overall decision-support methodology for assessing the sustainability of risk management strategies that relies on the concept of sustainable development and includes a set of criteria and indicators for reporting on the technical, economic, societal, environmental as well as institutional outcomes of the strategies. Data uncertainties are quantified using probabilistic (Monte Carlo simulations) or possibilistic (possibility theory) approach, and are propagated along the evaluation process through interval arithmetic operations. Beyond that, a computational tool was designed to simulate, in a deterministic or uncertain way, various types of flood damages at a municipality scale. These contributions were applied to a case study regarding flood risk management in Dieulouard, which consists of comparing three management strategies (respecting constructive constraints for new buildings in hazard prone areas fixed by the flood risks prevention plan, constructing a dyke as a collective defence infrastructure, implementing individual protective measures for all buildings in hazard prone areas). This application demonstrates the practicality of the methodology, and highlights prospects for future works
Giannakourou, Georgia. "Le cadre institutionnel de l'urbanisme en Grèce." Paris 12, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA12A001.
Повний текст джерелаThe institutional system of urban planing in greece is underlined by two phenomena. The first one is an intense segmentation of the administrative actors interfering in the urban planing and a fragmentation of urban decision, both geographical and sectorial. However, and thisis the first paradox of the system, this excessive segmentation takes place in a strongly centralised administrative context. The second one, is a major intervention of social actors in the urban decision making process. Nevertheless, and this is the second paradox of the system, this intervention has, principaly, the character of an informal participation in urban decision whereas the official procedures of consultation and "concertation" remain auxiliary. Although these phenomena give evidence of the contradictions which are actually spanning the greek institutional system of urban planing, they express, at the same time, the capacity of the systel to establish a complex and delicate unity between its different elements as well as a unique capacity ofthe institutions to adapt to the pressures and demands of their environnement
Schluth-Amorim, Nathalie. "Aide à la concertation et à la décision dans le cadre de processus de décision publique complexes." Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090045.
Повний текст джерелаLakhdari, kamal. "Mise au point d’un outil d’aide à la décision pour la conception d’une chaîne logistique d’entreprises manufacturières." Reims, 2010. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/sciences/2010REIMS007.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe supply chain design is a set of strategic decisions that determine the best configuration of the supply chain and contribute to its performance. Therefore, our objective is the establishment of a support system to assist decision makers in this process, a crucial step for the sustainability of the Supply Chain. In this work, we focused on three key decisions necessary made at the first stage in the Supply Chain design. These decisions mainly concern: the facility location, the choice of suppliers and make or buy semi-finished products which fall within the formation of a final product. These three decisions are multi-criteria problems. Furthermore, evaluating a wide range of alternatives with respect to conflicting criteria, the lack of reliable data sources, the subjectivity inherent to individuals involved in making decisions, constitute a set of constraints that we are trying to overcome by using a method that has provided valuable solutions in other applications: the fuzzy reasoning. This approach is combined with mathematical optimization method through the concept of total utility. This gives a "hybrid model", because on the one hand it is based on mathematical optimization theory and in the other hand on the multi-criteria theory. It allows considering the operational and strategic aspects of the Supply chain design problem. .
Pajot, Camille. "OMEGAlpes : outil d’aide à la décision pour une planification énergétique multi-fluides optimale à l’échelle des quartiers." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT042.
Повний текст джерелаMostly responsible for climate change, the energy sector is particularly targeted and energy transition policies are emerging, based on the principles of sobriety, efficiency and low-carbon energy production. Energy systems need to adapt quickly to these changes and be designed to consider a multi-energy approach and demand-side management strategies. In this context, this thesis proposes to develop a methodology and an associated decision support tool OMEGAlpes, offering the different energy actors an aid to design, size, and manage energy systems at the district level. First, an optimal energy planning approach will be developed. A methodology, based on power balances will then be presented, to treat generically study cases about energy planning at the district scale, and then illustrated on a case of wasted heat recycling. Consumption models based on statistical approaches will then be used to represent temporal flexibility scenarios (load shifting). An alternative to this data approach, based on the physical modeling of buildings, will then be presented through the use of reduced thermal models. Finally, all of these models will be capitalized within an automatic generation tool for optimization models, based on a methodology for building energy models from generic elements. The development of this open source tool, in Python language, and the principle of automatic generation of models will finally be detailed
Berthier, Alice. "Transition vers une usine 4.0 grâce à l’utilisation d’outils d’aide à la décision dans le secteur textile." Thesis, Troyes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TROY0040.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis presents works motivated by the evolution objective of the textile company Petit Bateau. The company starts to see the importance of the stakes of the Industry 4.0. Begin this thesis was a step to go in this direction with the development of decision tools. The company context offers a large variety of original and challenging studies in operational research. The first problem is a dynamic products allocation problem on the logistic supply chain. Several sites can be selected to process different products. A mathematical model is proposed to optimize the allocation by minimizing the total cost (inventory, production and transport costs). The second one is a dynamic layout problem of the knitting workshop. The layout optimization relative to the utilization rate of each machine seems to be a prerequisite before the resolution of the scheduling problem of this identic workshop. The workshop is composed of unrelated parallel machines with several specific constraints. To go further, the rescheduling problem is studied to take into consideration disturbances that can occur during production. The feasibility in the company of each solution studied is presented. The constraints on field that not allowed it are explained but also the success obtained. Such as the production of a scheduling software nowadays used by the workshop manager
Mirdamadi, Shirin. "Système d’aide à la décision pour la génération des processus d'inspection par la fédération des expertises métier." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0023/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the current economic and competitive environment, what distinguish the companies is their reactivity to provide increasingly complex products with increasingly diverse needs. To achieve this reactivity despite constraints, integrated engineering approachs have been emerged to better manage and organize the product life cycle. In this context, it is essential to take into account the characteristics' variations and their interdependencies to improve the performance (cost, risk, quality ...). This thesis was devoted to the generation of an optimal inspection plan including process variations monitoring and product variations control. A methodological framework for the co-conception of product control and process monitoring activities has been formalized and validated. This framework allows operational decision-making by the intervention of operational tools and ensures the satisfaction of strategic objectives (cost reduction, improved quality, increased productivity ...). FMEA, KC flowdown, and Activity Based Costing (ABC) were selected following a comprehensive literature review on quality planning and performance improvement. However, these tools present some lack to fill up and therefore are subjected to certain adaptations in order to best fit the needs of the proposed methodological framework. Integration of FMEA and KC flowdown resulted in a new tool called ACDE. As well the adaptation of ABC to estimate the cost of quality by "Quality-Driven ABC" was proposed. The application of these latter has been proposed to limit the inspection planning to “bare essentials activities
Glaa, Besma. "Contribution à la conception et l’optimisation d’un système d’aide à la gestion des urgences." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/35/96/07/PDF/THESE-GLAA-VFinale.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаEmergency management is one of the principal hospital missions. Since the 90s, hospitals have answered, through the emergency structure, an exponential request for not programmed care, which posed the problem of the dimensioning of the structure and its means. This situation provoked enormous organisational problems. In front of this situation, the hospital decision-makers miss tools witch are indispensable to re-size the emergency resources and to choose the new emergency organization. They shall also allow the planning of the emergency management as well as human and material resources allocation. In response to these needs, this thesis proposes an approach of assistance to the management of emergency systems. This approach tackles three principal problems. At first, we focus our attention on the modelling of emergency processes and its main paths. This modelling, coupled with patients flow simulation, will enable us to analyze the functioning of the emergency structure and to determine the parameters which influences the emergency process. We are interested, secondly, in the nursing staff’s allocation by taking into account their profile of competence evolution using the linear programming. In the third time, we shall study the problem of in hospital vital emergencies management. By means of a process modelling combined with a simulation, we proceed to an approach of conception and evaluation of in hospital survival chain. We tackle, in this last stage, the question of appointment of mobile resuscitation emergency team as well as the positioning of semi automatic defibrillator
Gamelin, Alexandra. "La prise de décision dans le cadre d'une réanimation cardio-pulmonaire." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20057.
Повний текст джерелаThe present study is interested in decision making within the framework of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The aim of the study is to propose a method allowing to elicit the personal judgment faced with a different outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, using the functional theory of cognition (Anderson, 1996). Four experiences present different hypothetical situations containing two main informations (the possible outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and their likelihoods). Three thousand fifteen french adults, men and women of age 20 - 60 years and over judge, on the linear scale, each situation presented, according to their preferences. Two types of analyses are performed : graphic analyse and statistic analyse. The results indicate a reliable, valid and complete method, measuring the utilities for the outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and confirmed the existence of some outcomes as worst the death, for all participants and whoever they may be
Lussier-Clément, Nicolas. "Développement d’un outil, par simulation numérique, d’aide à la décision pour le positionnement des éoliennes en terrain complexe." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2013. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1153/1/LUSSIER%2DCL%C3%89MENT_Nicolas.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаWeber, Alexandre. "Modélisation et gestion de flux par systèmes multiagents : application à un système d’aide à la décision en épidémiologie." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/25/99/41/PDF/These_A-WEBER.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаA complex system is characterized by the important number of entities in interaction which it gathers. Each exchange in the system can be interpreted as a flow. The stochastic evolution of such systems does not allow them to be characterized completely. Consequently, to model and understand the circulation of flow in this type of systems, we need to make use of simulation. Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) represent a particularly suitable method for this type of modeling. A particular application of this flow management method is to simulate the circulation of a parasite (Cryptosporidium) in an ecosystem. Because of the fact that this parasite is particularly resistant to the traditional disinfection methods, it is necessary to enhance the prevalent factors acting in its propagation. To this end, the data, received from biologists, enabled us to design an Agent-Oriented Simulation (AOS). This AOS allows the exploration of the system behaviour. The results make it possible to evaluate the reliability of modeling and to better understand the parasite dissemination. With an aim of bringing an autonomous decision support system to the biologists, we developed a system of higher level (meta-system) able to carry out the monitoring of an AOS. This meta-system, based on the concept of metaheuristic, tries to optimize the behavior of the system, according to precise problems, by evaluating the impact of preset factors on the evolution of the AOS. Thus, it is capable to interpret the simulation’s results in order to allow causes to emerge which influence the parasite propagation by self-generation of scenarios
Basileu, Cynthia. "Modélisation structurelle des réseaux sociaux : application à un système d’aide à la décision en cas de crise sanitaire." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10240/document.
Повний текст джерелаTo manage a public health crisis resulting from an outbreak of a large-scale pandemic, it is necessary to be capable of taking adequate measures very quickly. These measures must be taken to protect the productive capacity of the economy. Consequently, I have focused on the development of a « decision-making support » model with hybrid agents simulating the spreading of a pandemic, which is established on the medical characteristics of the virus as well as the socioeconomic structure of the concerned geographical zone. This socioeconomic structure being at the centre of the model, a pretopological modelling of the concept of social network is therefore proposed and integrated into the approach agent
Zoubeir, Zeinebou. "Vers un système d’aide à la décision pour l’allocation des postes à quai dans un terminal à conteneurs." Thesis, Le Havre, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEHA0014/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe fierce competition between container terminals and the need to optimize their use led marine terminal operators in the development and applying a rich variety of scheduling policies stations dockside. The operators of container terminals seeking a scheduling policy berths which reduces the ship free time to port, increase traffic and port competitiveness and led to a rise income while maintaining customer satisfaction at optimal levels. Several questions arise when defining the best scheduling policies for each port operator and the final decision depends on several factors: the type of the port function (of a dedicated multi-user terminal, transhipment hub, etc ...), the size and location of the port, the competition nearby, the type of contractual arrangements with shippers, etc... Some of these issues were the subject of academic research, but they still more attributes that deserve to be better studied and understood more for these models reflect the real state of the practice of exploitation container terminals. In this thesis, we propose two models to assist the decision for the problem allocation of berths at a container terminal in both cases: static and dynamic. These systems were modeled taking into account real constraints that arise for the operational environment a container terminal. The formulations and solutions of mathematical models, presented here, looking to plan optimally, berthing incoming ships in a container terminal
Mammeri, Massinissa. "Méthodologie d’aide à la décision pour l’élaboration et la sélection de la stratégie contractuelle des projets pétroliers complexes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC074.
Повний текст джерелаA development project of a new oil and gas facility starts when the exploration and the appraisal studies estimate the exploitation of the hydrocarbon deposit is economically viable. The complexity and the size of the projects encountered in the industry impose to split them into several pieces, which represent the scope of future contracts. Each scope is then awarded to a contractor with a specific type of contract and selection mode, forming the contractual strategy to adopt in the project. During the contractual strategy selection process, oil companies encounters three recurring difficulties related to: 1) the identification of a reasonable and relevant set of alternatives; 2) the evaluation of potential alternatives, which depends on criteria from different scales and natures; and, 3) the need to substantiate the chosen contractual strategy solution. The research problem is to propose a decision aiding methodology for the development and selection of the most appropriate contractual strategy. It has to be the most performing in terms of cost and schedule, but should also consider the risks associated with these performances. In addition, the interfaces between the different contracts should also be considered, because the collective performance of the whole strategy may be degraded compared to the performance of each individual contract. Thereby, our work seeks to implement both technical and practical solutions to answer on the one hand the question of identification and generation of a relevant set of alternatives, at contracts and contractual strategy levels. On the other hand, to build and implement a system of estimation and evaluation of contractual strategies, allowing to come up with the most performing proposal to the upstream development project
Beaudoin, Mathieu. "Découverte de règles de classification pour un système d’aide à la décision pour la surveillance de l'usage des antimicrobiens." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7591.
Повний текст джерелаVarin, Mathieu. "Cartographie de trois fonctions écologiques des milieux humides à l’aide d’indicateurs spatiaux dans un contexte d’aide à la décision." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/81.
Повний текст джерелаPoggi, Bastien. "Développement de concepts et outils d’aide à la décision pour l’optimisation via simulation : intégration des métaheuristiques au formalisme DEVS." Thesis, Corte, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CORT0012.
Повний текст джерелаIn the world in witch we live the efficient needs are increasing in various fields like industry medecine and environnemtale monitoring. To meet this needs, many optimization methods nammed « metaheuristics » have been created over the last forty years. They are based on probabilistic and random reasoning and allow user to solve problems for witch conventional methods can not be used in acceptable computing times. Victim of their methods succes, the developers of the methods have to answer to several questions : « How can the fitness of solutions be assessed ? », « How to use the same method for several projects without change the code? », « What method will we choose for a specific problem ? », « How to parametrize algorithms ? ». To deal with this problem, we have developed a set of concepts and tools. They have been developed in the context of modeling and simulation of discrete event systems with DEVS formalism. The aims pursued are : allow temporized and spacialized optimization of existing DEVS models, improve the optimization process efficiency (quality of solutions, computing time). Modeling and simulation are used to propose parameters toward the input of problem to optimize. This one generate results used to improve the next proposed solutions. In order to combine optimization and simulation, we propose to represent the optimization method as models which can be easily interconnected and simulated. We focus on consistency of exchanges between optimization models and problem models. Our approach allows early stopping of useless simulations and reduce the computing time as a result. Modeling optimization methods in DEVS formalism also allows to autimatically choose the optimization algorithm and its parameters. Various algorithms and parameters can be used for the same problem during optimization process at different steps. This changes are influenced by collected results of problem simulation. They lead on a self adaptation to the visible or/and hidden features of the studied problem. Our models architecture has been tested on three different problems : parametric optimization of mathematical functions, spacialized optimization of a sensor network deployment, temporized optimization of a medical treatment. Genericity of our concepts and scalability of our models underline the usabily of proposed tool. Concerning performance, simulation breaks and dynamic optimization have obtained higher quality solutions in a short time
Ndjock, Fleur Nadine. "Observatoire dynamique comme outil d’aide à la décision appliqué au système éducatif : cas du Cameroun : approche de l’intelligence économique." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1088/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is to apply the concept of observatory in educational system as a tool for decision support based on the visualization of information. For this, we have developed the Dynamic Observatory applied to the Education System (ODSE) that we have applied to the Cameroonian educational system. Our descriptive approach is based on fact that to decide, one must understand, and to understand, we must observe and analyze. In one way or another, intelligence is based on the observation process. The decision comes after understanding its environment. Also, the observation is turned into knowledge with the given meaning to things and determining what to do. But the analysis and understanding of the environment differ from one individual to another; the decision is then influenced by external factors such as political pressures, cultural and / or social. This being the information we have for steering the process and the choice of solving a decision problem, we thought it important to have a tool that assists the decision maker in the decision process for making quick and safe decisions or at least minimizing the degree of uncertainty in decision chosen. This tool provides transparency in processing and clarity in the process of information collection. Such an observatory, it serves as an instrument for monitoring and control through which the decision-maker observes, analyzes and orients its decision based on the behavior of one or more indicators. The result returned is in a visual form to generate indicators from the mass of data available to the decision maker. Our work has been guided by the concept of competitive intelligence that provides a methodology for implementing a rational process through the use of information and it is based on the approaches of “satisfactory” choice and rational decision process from the work of Falque and Bougon
Perche, Paul-Benoît. "Méthodes d'induction par arbres de décision dans le cadre de l'aide au diagnostic." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-65.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGaudron, Arthur. "Méthodologie du modèle ouvert pour la conception d’un système d’aide à la décision stratégique : le cas de la logistique urbaine." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM025.
Повний текст джерелаThe transportation of goods, or city logistics, is a complex system as much by the diversity of its stakeholders (city, transporters, traders, etc.) as by the entanglement of their interactions. Each of these actors has its own objectives, but the effects of decisions to achieve them have repercussions on a global level. Piloting this activity therefore represents a real challenge: not only precisely modeling the system - past or present - poses real difficulties (in terms of complexity and of the data required), but this modeling makes it difficult to predict the effects of the decisions taken on this one. Its management requires the ability to project and represent the effects of decisions, not yet observed, on it. Relevant city logistics decisions must be based on models which must integrate a more detailed vision of activity, at the microscopic level, that is to say operations, towards a macroscopic level which prevailed until then. To do this, we therefore propose to rely on mathematical simulation tools which aim to simulate the macroscopic effects of different decisions (e.g. prohibition of certain engines) by considering microscopic interactions of logistics such as foreseeable change in a logistics organization and the impact on associated indicators (e.g., the level of pollution on a street or the cost of delivery). This is why we are proposing the "open model methodology", the objective is to design and validate a model that can be used by actors in city logistics when making strategic decisions. At the heart of this methodology is the question of integrating expert knowledge into a simulation model. Such a question has agitated the scientific community at least since the creation of AI as a discipline: first with expert systems, whose failure is linked to the impossibility of mechanizing expert knowledge; now with the extremely promising advances in machine learning, which among other things attempt to learn from experts reasoning, but whose models face problems of data availability, validation and explainability. We believe that this methodology makes it possible to reconcile data science and management science so that in complex environments, the decision can be assisted by simulations which allow to master more precisely this complexity. In addition, assuming a certain availability of data, and the desire to set up a data-driven piloting (therefore more automated), this model could serve as a first basis for validating more complex machine learning models
Sanchez, Céline. "Spécification et Implémentation du Système d’Aide à la Décision Multicritère pour la Maintenance Préventive et la Gestion du Patrimoine de la Société d’Autoroute ESCOTA : le projet SINERGIE." Paris, ENMP, 2007. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00202653.
Повний текст джерелаDue to the ageing of the infrastructure, the toll motorway company ESCOTA aims at the formalization and improvement of the decisional process for preventive maintenance and assets management in a multi actors and multi criteria (MC) environment. The information processing used by ESCOTA can be formalized in three steps: measure, evaluation and decision. Periodic inspections are performed to detect any malfunction symptoms. The expert in charge of a domain (carriageways, bridges …) evaluates the situation seriousness and associates an emergency degree to the corresponding maintenance operation. The official in charge of the operating network attribute a priority degree according to strategic criteria. To each step of this process a specific set of criteria and an aggregation operator (Weighted Average Mean WAM) correspond. Each MC evaluation step is modelled as the aggregation of partial scores attributed to an operation w. R. T. A set of n criteria. Scores are expressed over a finite scale as labels. Our work has been to set up a consistent evaluation process that enables 1) experts to express their judgement values in their own discrete semantic universe, 2) to convert the labels in adequate numerical values using the MACBETH method and clustering techniques, 3) to compute the WAM based aggregated value and convert it in return into the experts’ semantic universe 4) to carry out a robustness analysis of the evaluation process to assess the risk of misclassification of the operations and to diagnose them. This method is implemented in an IPS —SINERGIE — that supports decisions concerning maintenance operations planning through adequate information processing procedure
Zarzavadjian, Le Bian Alban. "Approches éthiques des prises de décision limites en chirurgie, dans le cadre de l'innovation." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05D002/document.
Повний текст джерелаAims: Innovation in Surgery differs from Innovation in Medicine. We aimed to describe Ethics of Responsibility and its necessary tools in innovative process in surgery from surgeons’ standpoint. Material and Methods: Innovation in surgery is a common decision-making process except the lack of past history. Organ transplant is an ideal representation of innovation in surgery. Heart, Liver and Face transplants allow to explore all the fields in innovation in surgery. Based on this postulate, extrinsic (history, laws, society) and intrinsic factors (pure medical decision) of the decision-making process were analyzed. Considering extrinsic factors, a literature review has been performed. Considering intrinsic factors, several models of medical decision-making process were evaluated and one was chosen: the Forces Interaction Model. Using interviews with renowned transplant surgeons, extracted components of the decision were exploited. Results: History of the Surgery showed a clear dichotomy with Medicine. Laws regulating Innovation seemed to be secondary to the borderline (and innovative) practice. Seven interviews of professors and transplant surgeons were reported. Analysis showed the Forces Interaction Model as relevant in order to perform the study. Surgeons instinctively defined two different types of innovation: the innovation-breach and the innovation-development. Differently from oncological practice, innovation in surgery is a pure collective activity, based on the consensus, the scientific literature and sometime on non-rational beliefs. The successful innovative surgeon must present some traits, including resilience and integrity. Ethics of Responsibility requires assessing regulation and methodology in the field of innovation. Finally, innovation is seen differently depending on the generation of surgeons and is slowed down by French Laws. Discussion et Conclusions: The definitive facet of the Innovation in Surgery is ethically problematic, still, Innovation is essential. Thus, it needs to be improved and facilitated. On the one hand, the evaluation tool in Surgery, the Evidence-Based Surgery, must be viewed as an independent instrument considering differences with Medicine. On the other hand, an exemption from provisions of current law in innovation in Medicine seems necessary, aiming innovative steps prior standardization of a surgical procedure. Integration of Clinical Nurse Specialists should allow to strengthen Individual Ethics while Laws reinforce Public Health Ethics. The use of morbidity and mortality meeting in innovation, led by the University and opened to all disciplines, including Social and Human Sciences, dictates a retrospective auto-regulated evaluation of the innovation. This process, while maintaining high scientific standard, enables to introduce Social and Human Sciences in the innovative process
Bellalouna, Faouzi. "Un point de vue linéaire sur la programmation dynamique : détecteur de ruptures dans le cadre des problèmes de fiabilité." Paris 9, 1992. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1992PA090030.
Повний текст джерелаStephan, Emma. "Méthode d’aide à la décision multicritère des stratégies de réhabilitation des bâtiments anciens en pierre calcaire : application au patrimoine en tuffeau." Thesis, Vaulx-en-Velin, Ecole nationale des travaux publics, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENTP0017/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe old buildings stock represents a true potential for energy savings. However, its diversity and some characteristics of its envelop materials interfere with the setting of effective retrofitting strategies. Among this heritage, individual limestone dwellings present specific issues concerning retrofitting. Tuffeau, particularly, is a high porosity limestone which specificity is propensity to fill up with water. Its hygrothermal properties are then affected and it quickly deteriorates.Furthermore, this kind of building offers comfortable indoor summer temperatures and undeniable architectural qualities. Those factors have to be considered during the energetic retrofitting of those dwellings. Consequently, the solutions proposed have sometimes to meet divergent goals. Concerning limestone heritage, four criteria appeared as indispensable: the heating needs, the indoor hygrothermal comfort, the material deterioration risk, and the financial investment. In thiscontext, the goal is to develop a multicriteria decision aiding method of old limestone buildings retrofitting strategies. This method has a potential to adapt to every type of limestone buildings and to consider those specificities as a whole. A panel of retrofitting actions concerning the envelop elements is identified and then tested on the concerned building. The process implementation required the use of a modeling tool to translate the reality of those buildings behaviour. The tool EnergyPlus with its mass and heat transfer algorithm HaMT was implemented and validated with experimental measures. The uncertainty of the retrofitting strategies results are thenintegrated to the method (ELECTRE III) so that the recommendation can be performed with an acceptable level of confidence.The application of this process to two cases of limestone buildings emphasized the adaptability of this method to very different buildings in term of typology and complexity. It also allows providing with robust recommendations on which retrofitting work has to be performed
Zavattero, Elodie. "Intégration de modélisation à surface libre dans un système d’aide à la décision : application à la Basse Vallée du Var, France." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4004/document.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, the coastal areas concentrate frequently densely populated cities where economic development is associated to a fast urbanization. In many locations rivers are integrated within the urban areas and present both resources and potential risks. The growing competition between the economic activities and the essential space for the rivers requests an efficient management based on reliable tools able to provide hydrological information. Typically, the Lower Var valley, in south of France, faces to an increase of human activities, and the social impacts on the natural environment have become more and more intensive. Therefore, the water cycle is unbalanced implying water problems. To deal with this issue, local authorities needs a Decision Support System (DSS) tool to simulate the behaviour of water system. This is the objective of the AquaVar research which includes three numerical models: Mike SHE for the Var catchment, Mike 21FM for the Lower Var River, and Feflow for the aquifer. Here, the research is focused on the 2D free surface flow model and its integration in the DSS tool.The 2D hydraulic models represent a meaningful approach that can provide an accurate view on the physical processes within the river and on the hydrodynamics during the extreme events (inundation, drought and accidental pollution). The 2D free surface flow model is designed with Mike 21FM software using common methodology. It is calibrated and validated for the three specific weather conditions in the Lower Var valley: floods which occur in November, spring floods due to snow melting and droughts in summer. Not only the 2D hydraulic model allows to simulate scenarios of inundation and accidental pollutions, but it is also able to exchange water volume with the groundwater model developed with Feflow. A specific interface is developed to connect river and aquifer in the Lower Var valley. It required validation cases to accurately simulate the river-aquifer exchanges.Obviously, Mike 21FM is finally the core of the DSS tool because it is the centre of the modelling system. The hydrodynamics of the river depends on precipitations converted in flow by Mike SHE model, and exchanges water volume with the aquifer modelled by Feflow. The last part of this research is dedicated to the construction of the DSS tool and the integration of the 2D hydraulic model. The modelling system is implemented in a web interface adapted for different types of users. This DSS tool can be easily updated by sharing data from all the stakeholders. In the future, this tool could integrate sewage network and drinking water supply system to consider all the water cycle. Hence, local authorities could forecast and control the water resources and the potential risks
Chardavoine, Olivier. "La prise de décision dans le cadre de la politique publique d'intelligence économique territoriale : apports des pré-déterminants tendanciels de la décision." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT4016.
Повний текст джерелаIn spite of the numerous researches made this day, it is not always easy to understand well mechanisms in work in a decision-making. These borrow from various disciplines: sciences of information, sciences of management, cognitive sciences, sociology of organizations, etc. If each was able to develop independently of the others, he cannot be saved footbridges between them today at the risk of being never able to perceive in their global nature the processes of decision-making. It is not so much the recognition of the existing links between these disciplines than the method while allowing to quantify the values of this relation which is lacking today. The variability of the human race and the multiple possibilities of situations make impossible the creation of a table where every behavior would be estimated for every possible situations. The possibilities are infinite. On the other hand, the game theory teaches that it is possible to estimate the position of a player and its interaction with the other actors of the game from a digital result. The tool being lacking today is a method allowing to quantify numerically the posture of a player, whatever is the situation he is confronted with and which is the number of implied players.The present research has for ambition to fill this lack. The proposed system will be experimented through some concrete cases of the public policy of French economic intelligence
Lelièvre, Adrien. "Définition d'un cadre conceptuel et méthodologique pour concevoir un système à fléxibilité souhaitée." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00711472.
Повний текст джерелаAboud, Talal. "Développement d'un système interactif d'aide à la decision utilisant un raisonnement approximatif : dans le cadre de la problématique de tri." Paris 9, 1996. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1996PA090024.
Повний текст джерелаYu, Wei. "Aide multicritère à la décision dans le cadre de la problématique du tri : concepts, méthodes et applications." Paris 9, 1992. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1992PA090032.
Повний текст джерелаThis research is concerned by the field of multiple criteria decision aid. It aims at providing some elements of a general methodology for multiple criteria sorting problems and, more specifically, multiple criteria segmentation (MCS) problems. After showing some drawbacks of "classical" approaches, we focus our attention on the outranking approach. Some basic concepts and a general methodology are introduced. Considering elementary MCS problems, we develop and analyze several sorting procedures. By enlarging preference modelling to subsets of alternatives. We extended these procedures to the case of generalized MCS problems. In he last part, we present and illustrate, on a practical example, our software Electre tri, which is based on the Electre tri method described previously
Carladous, Simon. "Approche intégrée d’aide à la décision basée sur la propagation de l’imperfection de l’information – application à l’efficacité des mesures de protection torrentielle." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEM008/document.
Повний текст джерелаMany torrential protective check dams have been built in French mountainous areas since the 19th century. They aim to reduce risk in torrential watersheds. Analysis of their effectiveness is needed to assess residual risk and to choose the best maintenance strategy in a context of reduced budgets. Chapter I introduces main issues due both to definition of effectiveness concept and also the several criteria and system scales that have to be assessed. Moreover, required expertise is based on imperfect information, provided by several sources with different reliability levels. To help such decisions, this thesis proposes to break down general assessment into several smaller decision-making problems. In chapter II, dependability analysis tools and Evidential Reasoning based-decision-aiding methods (ER-DAMs), using fuzzy sets and possibility theories, are chosen to help individual decisions. Chapters III to V then introduce new developments. Effectiveness concept is first defined. A multi-scale dependability analysis helps to describe each decision-making problem. ER-DAMs are then adapted to help effectiveness assessment at each system’s scale. Technical improvements are provided to these methods for a better knowledge representation and final decision. Improved methods are then associated. Finally, individual problems and associated methods are integrated in a generic methodology to help torrential protective measures’ effectiveness assessment at watershed scale. The last chapter VI focuses on discussion of integrative aspects and of ER-DAMs’ specific developments. It gives some elements to improve methods but also to help operational implementation of the generic methodology
Hoarau, Christelle. "Contribution à l’analyse de la qualité environnementale d’un projet d’aménagement périurbain/rural en milieu tropical : méthodes et outils d’aide à la décision." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0042/document.
Повний текст джерелаSignificant industrial development, strong population growth, intensive urbanization,expansion of road, air and sea transports are all factors that contribute to the exhaustion of natural resources, land and climate change. The combination of the 3 strategic pillars of sustainable development : environment, economy and social, in the deployment of complementary policies contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gases emissions and environmental impacts.The standardization of the sustainable development principles is difficult to implement. It depends on the context of a the studied country or territory. The ecological and energy transition requires a eco-mangement frame of reference adapted to the specificities and stakes of the concerned territories. This work contributes to the development of a surburban site in a tropical islandenvironment, around activities in the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors. In this context, several analysis tools have been developed to meet the requirements of an eco-management scheme, including technical and environmental analyzes and the overall evaluation of an eco-management scheme. These tools provide local and regional actors to analyze the environmental impacts of a project and to evaluate different development alternatives. In addition to the decision-supporttools, a methodological approach is proposed in this thesis, based on the systemic and typological approaches and the ISO 14044 normative framework relating to Life Cycle Assessment
Gasnier, Swann. "Environnement d’aide à la décision pour les réseaux électriques de raccordement des fermes éoliennes en mer : conception et évaluation robuste sous incertitudes." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECLI0013.
Повний текст джерелаOffshore wind power is quickly developing. Its cost-effectiveness, measured with the LCOE (Levelized cost of Energy) has not reached the one of onshore wind power yet. The cost of electrical connection impacts this cost-effectiveness. Depending on the distance to the onshore grid, many possibilities of architectures and associated technologies can be considered for this connection network (AC, DC etc.). The goal of this research is to provide a decision support framework for the assessment and the planning of architectures for electrical connecting networks.The architecture assessment relies on the calculations of the annual energy dissipated through the network, of the investment costs and of the annual energy curtailed due to the network unavailability. To compute these quantities, models and methods are proposed.It appears that to compare architectures, these must be have near optimal designs? Thus, a formulation of the electrical network design optimization is proposed. The formulation is generic in regard to the various architectures which are considered. A quick heuristic solving approach which gives near optimal solutions is proposed and implemented.The decision support framework makes it possible the design and the assessment of an architecture and is applied to two very different architectures. Finally, a probabilistic analytical method is proposed to take into account the models uncertainties and to study their propagation to the decision criteria
Serment, Julien. "Une infrastructure d’intégration à base d’agents logiciels pour l’élaboration de systèmes d’aide à la décision environnementale : Application à la gestion hydraulique camarguaise." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX30007.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this research is to facilitate the development of Environmental Decision Support Systems (EDSS) based on simulation for human-influenced ecocystem management. We advise a heterogeneous software integration approach and propose a generic agent based integration infrastructure, called IMAGIN, allows an interoperability by service invocation, and an interoperability by data sharing. IMAGIN has been implemented and his dynamic and generic mechanisms has been valided by the development of a specific EDSS for the hydraulic management of Camargue
Lecompte-Alix, Thècle. "Un cadre formel de décision pour la planification multi-niveau des systèmes de production réticulaires." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12468.
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