Статті в журналах: "CABLE ANCHORS"

1

Mei, Kui Hua, Zhi Tao Lv, and Ji Wen Zhang. "The Static Test Study on Anchors of CFRP Cables." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 1635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.1635.

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The axial performance of CFRP is excellent, while the lateral compression strength and shear strength are low, thus they can’t be anchored by traditional anchors. A new type of adhesive anchor was designed and five experimental cables were fabricated and the static tests were carried out. In the tests, the tensile capacity, bond strength and pullout behavior of CFRP cables anchors filled with resin were discussed. The efficiency coefficients and the load-slip behaviors of the bond-type anchors and the uniformities of the stresses in the tendons were studied. Several conclusions are drawn which have become powerful evidences for using the bond-type anchors in the first cable stayed bridge with CFRP cables in China.

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2

Mancuso, Anthony, Francisca Belart, Ben Leshchinsky, Mark L. Russell, and James D. Kiser. "Behavior and assessment of mobile anchors in cable yarding systems." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 48, no. 11 (November 2018): 1382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0269.

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Cable yarding systems transport logs hoisted off the ground by a system of cables and a carriage that moves along the cable. Ground anchors are used at the end points to maintain sufficient tension between the two ends points of the cable and keep it in the air during operation. Traditional anchoring methods employ tree stumps, but as shorter stand rotations result in younger weaker stumps and because of the inability to visually inspect root structures to calculate a stump’s anchoring capacity, alternative methods of anchoring are being used more frequently. In this paper, the capacity of an alternative anchoring method, known as equipment anchoring or mobile anchoring, is assessed for guyline and skyline applications. Some critical components that are observed to influence anchor capacity are equipment weight, slope, blade embedment, angle of cable pull, and soil type. An analytical design solution for mobile anchor capacity is compared with the results of over two dozen field tests to determine the effectiveness of predicting anchor capacity. In addition to estimating the capacity of mobile anchors, a relationship between skyline and guyline loading recorded on harvest operations is analyzed.

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3

Zheng, Xinlong, Yongqiang Ge, Zhifei Lu, Chen Cao, Peng Zhou, Shiqiang Li, and Jiawang Chen. "Study on Buried Depth Protection Index of Submarine Cable Based on Physical and Numerical Modeling." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 2 (January 20, 2022): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10020137.

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The buried depth of submarine cables is very important to avoid damage on the cable from dropping and dragging anchors. This study focused on the actual engineering needs of submarine power cable protection and laying construction. In order to investigate the buried depth protection index of submarine cable, physical model tests, theory analysis, and numerical simulations were conducted in this study. The effects of the bottoming velocity, dropping energy, and anchor mass on the anchor penetration depth were analyzed and investigated. The analytical model based on the impact and drag mechanism is presented to analyze the forces and energy on the anchor. The accuracy and reliable of the model test results are verified by the theory analysis and numerical simulation, indicating that the buried depth protection index of the submarine cable in the research area is recommended to be 3 m. The research results can provide guidance for operation of the submarine cable laying machine and submarine cable protection.

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4

Shan, Renliang, Shupeng Zhang, Pengcheng Huang, and Weijun Liu. "Research on Full-Section Anchor Cable and C-Shaped Tube Support System of Deep Layer Roadway." Geofluids 2021 (February 16, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5593601.

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Deep roadway deformation due to soft rock, rock dip, and horizontal tectonic stress is uneven and asymmetrical primarily in large loose zones. Traditional anchor support is influenced by the yield strength and shear strength of the anchors and has a limited prestress capacity or shear resistance. When the roadway roof is laminated rock or when the roadway passes through layered rock or rock interfaces, interlayer sliding commonly occurs, which can easily lead to anchor cables being sheared off. The tape tunnel in the Zhengling Mine passes through several rock strata and requires anchors to achieve a high shear resistance and prestress. To solve these problems, an anchor cable and C-shaped tube that can bear lateral shear forces were developed, and a full-section anchor cable and C-shaped tube support system were created based on extruded arch theory. Numerical results from FLAC3D show that the new scheme effectively controls surface convergence and plastic zone extension. Field tests have demonstrated that the amount of surface displacement was at least 42% smaller in the new support scheme. The extruded arch formed by the highly prestressed anchor cable and concrete spray layer can effectively control the bulking load within the loose zone, and the ACC effectively resists interlayer shear.

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5

Yin, Tao, Xingsong Sun, Yujie Wang, Yufei Zhao, Shuangjing Wang, Lipeng Liu, and Hongjie Chen. "Corrosion Characteristics of Anchor Cables in Electrolytic Corrosion Test and the Applicability of the Test Method in Study of Anchor Cable Corrosion." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (January 8, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6695288.

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The selection of corrosion test method in the corrosion study of the prestressed anchors is an important issue. In this paper, the corrosion test of anchors was conducted with electrolytic corrosion test method. The corrosion characteristics of the anchor cables were examined. The effects of sodium chloride solution concentration, current, test time, and prestress level on corrosion were studied. The applicability of electrolytic corrosion method in anchor cable corrosion study is discussed subsequently. The results show that the corrosion of the anchor appears to be uniform corrosion. With the corrosion of the anchor, the central wire of the cable was basically not corroded, and the cross-sectional shape of the outer wire changes from a round to fan shape. The sodium chloride concentration and prestress level have no obvious effects on the corrosion of the anchor. The variation of test time does not affect the difference between the measured and theoretical calculated results, while a proper current in the electrolysis test may help reduce the difference. The measured corrosion rate fluctuates from −4% to 10% and tends to be higher compared with calculated results based on Faraday’s law. The study indicates that the electrolytic corrosion test is applicable in the anchor corrosion study.

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6

Yin, Tao, Xingsong Sun, Yujie Wang, Yufei Zhao, Shuangjing Wang, Lipeng Liu, and Hongjie Chen. "Corrosion Characteristics of Anchor Cables in Electrolytic Corrosion Test and the Applicability of the Test Method in Study of Anchor Cable Corrosion." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (January 8, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6695288.

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The selection of corrosion test method in the corrosion study of the prestressed anchors is an important issue. In this paper, the corrosion test of anchors was conducted with electrolytic corrosion test method. The corrosion characteristics of the anchor cables were examined. The effects of sodium chloride solution concentration, current, test time, and prestress level on corrosion were studied. The applicability of electrolytic corrosion method in anchor cable corrosion study is discussed subsequently. The results show that the corrosion of the anchor appears to be uniform corrosion. With the corrosion of the anchor, the central wire of the cable was basically not corroded, and the cross-sectional shape of the outer wire changes from a round to fan shape. The sodium chloride concentration and prestress level have no obvious effects on the corrosion of the anchor. The variation of test time does not affect the difference between the measured and theoretical calculated results, while a proper current in the electrolysis test may help reduce the difference. The measured corrosion rate fluctuates from −4% to 10% and tends to be higher compared with calculated results based on Faraday’s law. The study indicates that the electrolytic corrosion test is applicable in the anchor corrosion study.

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7

Mancuso, Anthony, Francisca Belart, and Ben Leshchinsky. "Operative loading in cable yarding systems: field observations of static and dynamic tensions in mobile anchor systems." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 48, no. 11 (November 2018): 1406–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0219.

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Cable yarding systems are an effective means of facilitating harvesting operations in steep terrain, but require sufficient anchoring for safe performance. Design and safe operation often dictates that cable loading remain at a safe level, yet the actual loads incurred for anchoring systems, particularly for “mobile” or “equipment” anchors, are ill-quantified. Furthermore, these anchors are subject to loading that is rather dynamic in nature, realizing impulse loads from various operation occurrences, particularly breakout. This study describes the measured static and dynamic cable loads during yarding for 21 mobile anchor systems operated by eight different contractors during active logging operations. The mean dynamic loading observed for guyline and skyline anchors was 49% and 44% greater than static tensions, respectively. Maximum dynamic loads exceeded approximately double static tensions. In the observed tests, cable tensions were well below the cable elastic and endurance limits but did approach the allowable tension in some cases. Although the monitored cable loads in this study were all within a safe range, the observed dynamic loads are useful guidance when considering higher static loads and consequently higher dynamic loads that may be unsafe.

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8

Weber, Felix, and Hans Distl. "Damping Estimation from Free Decay Responses of Cables with MR Dampers." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/861954.

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This paper discusses the damping measurements on cables with real-time controlled MR dampers that were performed on a laboratory scale single strand cable and on cables of the Sutong Bridge, China. The control approach aims at producing amplitude and frequency independent cable damping which is confirmed by the tests. The experimentally obtained cable damping in comparison to the theoretical value due to optimal linear viscous damping reveals that support conditions of the cable anchors, force tracking errors in the actual MR damper force, energy spillover to higher modes, and excitation and sensor cables hanging on the stay cable must be taken into consideration for the interpretation of the identified cable damping values.

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9

Pi, Jin, Yu Fei Zhao, Rui Lang Cao, and Zhi Xin Jia. "Anchor Spacing Design of Pre-Stressed Tunnel Concrete Lining with Un-Bonded Annular Anchors for Songhua River Water Supply Project." Key Engineering Materials 737 (June 2017): 505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.737.505.

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At present, annular anchor pre-stressed tunnel Concrete lining is the main design method of poor -quality surrounding rocks, thin covering and high internal water pressure tunnel. Based on the contact of tendons and concrete, the annular anchor lining can be classified into bonded and un-bonded. Cable spacing is one of the key parameters in the design of the un-bonded annular anchors pre-stressed concrete lining. The optimal anchor spacing can not only meet the demand of the project, but also save the cost of construction. In this paper, the anchor spacing is studied in the design of pre-stressed tunnel concrete lining with un-bonded annular anchors for Songhua River water supply project. The equivalent load method and solid modeling method are combined in Flac3d 3D modeling. Numerical simulation of pre-stressed effects for different anchor spacing in tension and operation of the concrete lining were analyzed. The optimal anchor cable spacing is received, which is a reference for the design and construction of similar projects in the future.

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10

Rao, Dejun, Xiaoping Tang, Haining Li, and Yuhong Zhang. "Design of rotating cable anchors." Prestress Technology 8, no. 01 (2004): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.59238/j.pt.2004.01.009.

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11

Benmokrane, Brahim, Burong Zhang, Adil Chennouf, and Radhouane Masmoudi. "Evaluation of aramid and carbon fibre reinforced polymer composite tendons for prestressed ground anchors." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 5 (October 1, 2000): 1031–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-090.

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This paper presents the tension and bond properties of commercially available Aramid fibre reinforced polymer (AFRP) and carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) rods and their uplift and sustained loading behaviour as ground anchor tendons. Variables for the tests were tendon type and constituent, grout type, and bond or fixed anchor length. Test results indicated that the tension properties of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) rods were close to the reported data. The surface geometry of FRP rods and the properties of filling grouts influenced the pullout behaviour and bond strength of grouted FRP rods. CFRP Carbon Fiber Composite Cable and Leadline anchors had a higher uplift capacity but lower creep displacement than AFRP Arapree and Technora anchors. The tested CFRP monorod and FRP multirod anchors with a 1000 mm fixed anchor length exhibited an acceptable uplift behaviour according to existing codes. Creep behaviour appeared to control the long-term uplift capacity of prestressed FRP ground anchors. The recommended working load for post-tensioned FRP ground anchors is 0.40 fpu for AFRP rods and 0.50fpu for CFRP rods, where fpu is the ultimate load or strength of the anchor tendon.Key words: FRP, tendon, bond stress, anchorage, grouted anchor, fixed anchor length, free anchor length, slip, creep.

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12

Chen, Chern Hwa, and Yuh Yi Lin. "Dynamic Characteristics of Steel Stay Cable in Civil Engineering Using Field Testing." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 2770–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.2770.

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The stay cables in civil engineering are one of the most difficult components to maintain for the safety of bridge after it is open for traffic, as the slenderness ratio is large, and they are flexible, low in damping ratio and less resistant to bending. It is possible that the cable snaps under large cyclic flexural stress due to wind-induced motion, regular traffic or even ambient vibration. The loosening seal of stay cables, damaged anchors, and tendon corrosion due to damaged protection sleeve at the root will undermine dramatically the life of cable-stayed bridge and even its safety. In this paper, the field test used to determine dynamic responses for stayed cable of the bridge in civil engineering. The practice formula is used to determine the cable forces of the Kao Ping Hsi cable-stayed bridge (the largest cable-stayed bridge in Taiwan). The results obtained herein indicate that such analysis is valid and rational, and may be used to monitor the safety of cable-stayed bridge.

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13

Haskins, Richard, Barry White, Robert Ebeling, and James Evans. "Relating Corroded Seven-Strand, Posttensioned Cable Cross-Sectional Properties to Load Capacity." Journal of Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5719156.

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Multistrand anchors have seen widespread use, providing strength and stability at hydraulic Corps facilities. However, these steel tendons are subject to strength reduction as an effect of corrosion. Methods for evaluating the corroded cable strength do not exist to accurately estimate the time until tendon cables would have to be replaced (at great expense). The following five research tasks are used to address this deficiency: laboratory accelerated corrosion; pull-tests on pristine and laboratory corroded cables; optical scanning; data collection correlated with cross-sectional properties of cables; and development of a method to relate this data to the field. The pull-tests provide measured capacities for seven-strand, posttensioned (PT) cables. An optical scan of the corroded cables provides cross-sectional properties of individual wires within the pulled cables. Trendlines are established for the related peak cable capacities and cross-sectional properties in an effort to determine their correlations. Trendlines for minimum wire area and second-moment short axis diameter are found with low error, making them good predictors of loaded cable capacity. This pull-test dataset has been related back to cable failure in the field, assuming a linear rate of corrosion loss for the cross-sectional properties and required PT capacity.

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14

Yin, Tao, Xingsong Sun, Yujie Wang, and Yufei Zhao. "Corrosion Investigation of Rock Anchors Served over 10 Years in Underground Powerhouse of a Hydropower Station." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (February 22, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4905010.

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With the wide application of prestressed anchors in high slopes, underground structures, and bridge projects, the corrosion problems of the anchor structure during the long-term service have demanded more attention. Because of the environmental impact and structural characteristics, anchor cable corrosion is almost inevitable. To obtain the corrosion status of the anchors that have served over 10 years in the underground chambers of a power station, a field investigation was performed. The environment aggressivity was evaluated, and the anchor corrosion was inspected during the investigation. The results show that the effect of groundwater and stray current on anchor corrosion is slight. The main cause of the severe corrosion of the anchor heads is the high temperature and humidity in the chamber. To better evaluate the corrosion tendency and corrosion degree of the anchor head, a corrosion rating method was proposed based on the principles of existing investigation methods and the actual corrosion situation of anchors observed on-site. It was proved that the rating method can effectively reflect the corrosion characteristics and determine the areas prone to corrosion. This field investigation suggests that a regularly scheduled investigation is of great significance and meaning for accurately obtaining the corrosion status, assessing the failure risk, and issuing an early warning.

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15

B. R. Hartsough, R. J. M. Visser, J. A. Miles, and E. S. Drews. "IMPROVED CABLE LOGGING ANCHORS FOR ROCKY SOILS." Transactions of the ASAE 40, no. 1 (1997): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.21232.

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16

Wu, Honggang, Zhixin Wu, Hao Lei, and Tianwen Lai. "Application of BRFP New-Type Anchor Cable Material in High Slopes against Earthquakes." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (February 13, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6689718.

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To clarify the feasibility of BFRP (basalt fiber reinforced plastics) anchors instead of steel anchors in the seismic application of slopes under different vibration strengths, a series of shaking table tests were carried out to strengthen the slope using BFRP anchors and steel anchors, respectively. By studying the dynamic response recorded in the slope model and the observed experimental phenomena, the acceleration dynamic response and displacement spectrum dynamic response of the two slope models were analyzed. The test results show that the deformation stage of the slope reinforced by the two types of anchors is basically the same during the test, that is, elastic, plastic (potential sliding surface and plastic strengthening), and failure stages, respectively. The slope is in the elastic stage before the 0.2 g seismic wave, and it gradually enters the plastic stage after the 0.4 g seismic wave. However, the peak acceleration and displacement of the slope reinforced by steel anchors are greater than those of the slope reinforced by BFRP anchors under the same working conditions of seismic waves. In addition, we found that the acceleration response spectrum distribution curve of each measuring point in the short period has an obvious amplification effect along the elevation, and its predominant period has a forward migration phenomenon with the increase of the height of the measuring point, which also indicates that the higher frequency seismic wave has a greater impact on the top of the slope. The BFRP anchors, as a kind of flexible structure supporting slope, can effectively reduce the impact of seismic waves on the slope and attenuate seismic waves to a certain extent compared with steel anchors. Furthermore, the BFRP anchors can be deformed in coordination with the slope, which can improve the overall working performance of the slope, especially limit the dynamic response of the middle and lower slopes. These results can provide a theoretical guide for the seismic design of BFRP anchors for high slopes.

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17

Eleftherakis, Dimitrios, and Raul Vicen-Bueno. "Sensors to Increase the Security of Underwater Communication Cables: A Review of Underwater Monitoring Sensors." Sensors 20, no. 3 (January 29, 2020): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030737.

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Underwater communication cables transport large amounts of sensitive information between countries. This fact converts these cables into a critical infrastructure that must be protected. Monitoring the underwater cable environment is rare and any intervention is usually driven by cable faults. In the last few years, several reports raised issues about possible future malicious attacks on such cables. The main objective of this operational research and analysis (ORA) paper is to present an overview of different commercial and already available marine sensor technologies (acoustic, optic, magnetic and oceanographic) that could be used for autonomous monitoring of the underwater cable environment. These sensors could be mounted on different autonomous platforms, such as unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) or autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). This paper analyses a multi-threat sabotage scenario where surveying a transatlantic cable of 13,000 km, (reaching water depths up to 4000 m) is necessary. The potential underwater threats identified for such a scenario are: divers, anchors, fishing trawls, submarines, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and AUVs. The paper discusses the capabilities of the identified sensors to detect such identified threats for the scenario under study. It also presents ideas on the construction of periodic and permanent surveillance networks. Research study and results are focused on providing useful information to decision-makers in charge of designing surveillance capabilities to secure underwater communication cables.

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18

Qin, Feng Yan, Jin Song Tu, and Qin Yun Ge. "Study on Retaining Work of the Engineering Landslide." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 2566–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.2566.

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In this paper the features and applicable ranges of the traditional landslide treatment measures were analyzed, such as anti-slide retaining walls, anti-slide piles, prestressed anchors, bolts and others . Through the analysis of engineering landslide treatment present situation, the advantage and scope of application was elaborated, which has been used only in recent years, such as the pre-stressed anchor cable pile, the lattice frame anchor, prestress concrete lattice frame anchor, anchor soil nail reinforced earth retaining wall and other new types of retaining the reinforcement measures. Finally, the development trend of engineering landslide are put out. Some suggestions are put forword for the similar engineering landslide governance and protection.

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19

Cola, Simonetta, Luca Schenato, Lorenzo Brezzi, Francine Chantal Tchamaleu Pangop, Luca Palmieri, and Alberto Bisson. "Composite Anchors for Slope Stabilisation: Monitoring of their In-Situ Behaviour with Optical Fibre." Geosciences 9, no. 5 (May 25, 2019): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9050240.

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Composite anchors are special passive sub-horizontal reinforcements recently developed for remediation of unstable slopes. They are composed of a hollow steel bar, installed by a self-drilling technique in the soil, coupled with tendons cemented in the inner hole to increase the global anchor tensile strength. The anchors are primarily intended to stabilise medium to deep landslides, both in soils or weathered rock masses. Among the valuable advantages of composite anchors are their low cost, ease of installation, and flexibility in execution, as testified by a rapid increase in their use in recent years. The bond strength at the soil-anchor interface is the main parameter for both the design of these reinforcements and the evaluation of their long-term effects for landslide stabilisation. After a brief description of the composite anchor technology, this paper presents a novel methodology for monitoring the strain and stress accumulated in the anchors over time when installed in an unstable slope. The new monitoring system is composed of a distributed fibre optic sensing system, exploiting the optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) technique, to measure the strain exerted on the optical fibre cable embedded with the tendons inside the bar. The system permits an evaluation of the axial force distribution in the anchor and the soil-anchor interface actions with a spatial resolution of up to some millimetres. Therefore, it allows determination of the stabilising capability associated with the specific hydrogeological conditions of the site. Furthermore, upon an extensive validation, the system may become part of a standard practice to be applied in this type of intervention, aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the anchor installation and its evolution over time.

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20

Anzanpour, S., N. Aziz, A. Remennikov, J. Nemcik, A. Mirzaghorbanali, and A. Rastegarmanesh. "Laboratory study of the behaviour of grouted cable bolts under static and dynamic axial loading." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1124, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1124/1/012095.

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Abstract As a typical roof-supporting system of tunnels, Cable bolts are subjected to static and dynamic loading conditions caused by ground movements and mining activities. As mining goes deeper, the chance of undetermined ground stress concentrations increases and subsequently, the probability of sudden unexpected failures such as rock bursts increases. Many studies have been carried out to simulate the axial loading condition of the tendons, especially cable bolts, under static and dynamic loading modes; however, it barely can be seen that both behaviours have been studied and compared simultaneously. From other points of view, although research has been conducted on Barrel and Wedge and load-bearing plates, these components have hardly been considered together in axial loading studies. In this laboratory study, a new pullout testing mechanism has been introduced, which is capable of implementing axial loading of cable bolts in both static and dynamic loading conditions. In addition, in a parametric study, the role of bulbs of the cable bolts as well as barrel and wedges on the load-bearing capacity of the anchors have been examined. The bond between cable bolts and grout material in the bulbed cables behaves almost 30% stronger in static and 40% stronger in dynamic tests in comparison with plain cables. In general, the required pullout energy in dynamic tests was 25-50% less than in static tests.

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21

Jia, Xiao Yun, Yong Quan Zhu, and Bao Long Lin. "Model Test and Field Test of the Stability of Large Ultra-Deep Foundation." Advanced Materials Research 680 (April 2013): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.680.200.

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Based on the engineering background of Shijiazhuang six-line tunnel of Jing-shi Passenger Line, field measurements and indoor model test are both used to solve the stability issues of large ultra-deep foundation. Surface subsidence, pile displacement, and the force loss of prestressed anchors are analyzed. The results show that the model test and field test is basically the same, prestressed anchor cable can control surface subsidence and horizontal displacement of the pile effectively, so as to ensure the stability of the pit.

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22

Zhang, Yu, and Xiang Yi Kong. "Finite Difference Analysis of Roadway Support." Advanced Materials Research 548 (July 2012): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.548.429.

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Hunchun Mining Co., Ltd. for a 11910 face return air drift mine for the study of the background, using the finite difference software (FLAC) simulated roadway excavation and shoring, anchors through simulation analysis supporting roadway network cable and rock deformation stress distribution, simulation results show that the design of the anchor mesh-supporting design a good change of rock mechanical properties, enhanced adhesion of rock, effectively inhibited the expansion phenomenon, so that the stress distribution roadway more reasonable engineering practice shows that after verification and simulation to determine the support scheme is feasible.

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23

Orbea, David, Christyan Cruz Ulloa, Jaime Del Cerro, and Antonio Barrientos. "RUDE-AL: Roped UGV Deployment Algorithm of an MCDPR for Sinkhole Exploration." Sensors 23, no. 14 (July 18, 2023): 6487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23146487.

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The presence of sinkholes has been widely studied due to their potential risk to infrastructure and to the lives of inhabitants and rescuers in urban disaster areas, which is generally addressed in geotechnics and geophysics. In recent years, robotics has gained importance for the inspection and assessment of areas of potential risk for sinkhole formation, as well as for environmental exploration and post-disaster assistance. From the mobile robotics approach, this paper proposes RUDE-AL (Roped UGV DEployment ALgorithm), a methodology for deploying a Mobile Cable-Driven Parallel Robot (MCDPR) composed of four mobile robots and a cable-driven parallel robot (CDPR) for sinkhole exploration tasks and assistance to potential trapped victims. The deployment of the fleet is organized with node-edge formation during the mission’s first stage, positioning itself around the area of interest and acting as anchors for the subsequent release of the cable robot. One of the relevant issues considered in this work is the selection of target points for mobile robots (anchors) considering the constraints of a roped fleet, avoiding the collision of the cables with positive obstacles through a fitting function that maximizes the area covered of the zone to explore and minimizes the cost of the route distance performed by the fleet using genetic algorithms, generating feasible target routes for each mobile robot with a configurable balance between the parameters of the fitness function. The main results show a robust method whose adjustment function is affected by the number of positive obstacles near the area of interest and the shape characteristics of the sinkhole.

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24

B. R. Hartsough, N. Thom, J. A. Miles, and E. S. Drews. "INSTALLATION EQUIPMENT FOR CABLE LOGGING ANCHORS IN ROCKY SOILS." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 13, no. 2 (1997): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.21590.

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25

B. R. Hartsough, E. Drews, J. A. Miles, J. J. Mehlschau, and B. Vannucci. "Preliminary Experiences with Cable Logging Anchors for Rocky Soils." Transactions of the ASAE 35, no. 6 (1992): 1995–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.28827.

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26

Ma, Jun Chao, Cheng Bin Yang, and Hong Ming Yu. "Construction Technology Research on Revolving Conical Pullout Anchor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 858 (November 2016): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.858.10.

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To solve the anti-float problems of underground buildings (structures) more economically, environmentally and effectively. The paper putted forward a construction technology of revolving conical pullout anchors based on researching and improving to the traditional pullout measures. That was a method that the conical anchor head was installed on the drilling pipe and screwed into the stable soil under the influence of drilling pipe. When pulling the drilling pipe, the fine aggregate concrete were poured into the edge. Furthermore, prestressed anchor cable should be strained which connected with the anchor head to keep a good connect with the beam so that it could improve pullout capacity. The conundrums of long construction period and high cost had effectively solved. This technique also had provided great reference values for the congener construction.

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Marchi, Luca, Stefano Grigolato, Omar Mologni, Roberto Scotta, Raffaele Cavalli, and Lucio Montecchio. "State of the Art on the Use of Trees as Supports and Anchors in Forest Operations." Forests 9, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9080467.

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Tree stability assessment is fundamental to preserve the safety of both people and goods. This topic attributes high relevance to cable-supported harvesting where trees and stumps are used as supporting and anchoring elements. In this case, the applied external loads are characterized by higher magnitude and dynamic amplification effects than the typical forces acting on trees (e.g., those derived from meteorological events). Consequently, due to the higher forces involved on cable-supported harvesting on relatively young trees used as supports and anchors, the risk of uprooting and stem failures is real. Numerous studies have been conducted on tree stability and the impact of the external loads has been positively linked to the consequent tree failures, in terms of root-plate overturning and stem breakages, or parasite-mediated wood decay involving the root system, thus giving a better understanding of how different trees species deal with such occurrences. This review aims to synthetize and examine the main aspects covered by research works available in literature that, directly or indirectly, might be helpful in clarifying the behavior of standing trees or tree stumps used as supports and anchors in cable-supported forest operations. Lastly, areas that lack research in this particular topic as well as consequent operating suggestions are highlighted in the conclusions.

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28

Ren, Jianying, Bing Zhang, Xinqun Zhu, and Shaohua Li. "Damaged cable identification in cable-stayed bridge from bridge deck strain measurements using support vector machine." Advances in Structural Engineering 25, no. 4 (January 10, 2022): 754–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13694332211049996.

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A new two-step approach is developed for damaged cable identification in a cable-stayed bridge from deck bending strain responses using Support Vector Machine. A Damaged Cable Identification Machine (DCIM) based on support vector classification is constructed to determine the damaged cable and a Damage Severity Identification Machine (DSIM) based on support vector regression is built to estimate the damage severity. A field cable-stayed bridge with a long-term monitoring system is used to verify the proposed method. The three-dimensional Finite Element Model (FEM) of the cable-stayed bridge is established using ANSYS, and the model is validated using the field testing results, such as the mode shape, natural frequencies and its bending strain responses of the bridge under a moving vehicle. Then the validated FEM is used to simulate the bending strain responses of the longitude deck near the cable anchors when the vehicle is passing over the bridge. Different damage scenarios are simulated for each cable with various severities. Based on damage indexes vector, the training datasets and testing datasets are acquired, including single damaged cable scenarios and double damaged cable scenarios. Eventually, DCIM is trained using Support Vector Classification Machine and DSIM is trained using Support Vector Regression Machine. The testing datasets are input in DCIM and DSIM to check their accuracy and generalization capability. Different noise levels including 5%, 10%, and 20% are considered to study their anti-noise capability. The results show that DCIM and DSIM both have good generalization capability and anti-noise capability.

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29

Sasiharan, Navaratnarajah, Balasingam Muhunthan, Shanzhi Shu, and Thomas C. Badger. "Analysis of Global Stability, Anchor Spacing, and Support Cable Loads in Wire Mesh and Cable Net Slope Protection Systems." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1913, no. 1 (January 2005): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105191300120.

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Wire mesh and cable net slope protection have been in use for more than 50 years along North American highways to control rockfall on actively eroding slopes. The basic design of these systems is comparatively similar throughout North America. It consists of a top horizontal cable suspended by regularly spaced anchors, typically a perimeter or widely spaced grid of horizontal and vertical support cables, and double-twisted, hexagonal wire mesh laced to the support ropes. To date, the design of the slope protection systems has been based primarily on empirical methods, engineering judgment, and experience. Although these systems generally perform well, there is some consensus among geotechnical specialists that some elements in the system may be overdesigned or even unnecessary. In addition, system failures under a variety of loading conditions within the past few decades indicate that certain design elements may in fact be underdesigned for their desired application. Analytical and numerical models to evaluate the stability of slope protection systems are presented. The inclusion of interior horizontal support ropes in addition to the top horizontal rope does not reduce the stress within the mesh and accordingly provides no mechanical benefit. Results also show that the stresses on the vertical support rope are much smaller than the top horizontal support rope. Therefore, the vertical ropes do not need to be as strong as the top horizontal rope. Further, some useful design charts for the design of slope protection system are presented.

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30

Khalimendyk, Yu, and A. Baryshnikov. "Cable anchors application during mine workings bolting in conditions of foliated rocks." Mining of Mineral Deposits 8, no. 1 (March 30, 2014): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mining08.01.097.

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31

Huang, Yongjiu, Yisheng Feng, Yunyou Yan, Huaping Li, and Lixia Liang. "Application of oil-based sealing wax in anticorrosive filling of cable anchors." Prestress Technology 18, no. 05 (2014): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.59238/j.pt.2014.05.007.

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32

Muhammad, Naik, Saeed Ullah Jan Mandokhai, Zafar Baloch, Muhammad Habib, and Shamsher Sadiq. "ASSESSMENT OF SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF SUBMERGED FLOATING TUNNEL UNDER MULTI-SUPPORT SEISMIC EXCITATIONS." NED University Journal of Research 3, Special Issue on First SACEE'19 (December 12, 2019): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35453/nedjr-stmech-2019-0025.

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Submerged floating tunnel (SFT) is an innovative structural solution for the transportation infrastructure through sea straits, fjords, and inland waters and is an economical alternative to the long-span cable-supported bridge, immersed tunnel, or underground tunnel. An SFT is a massive cylindrical structure that floats at a certain depth below the water surface and subjected to extreme environmental conditions, such as waves, tsunamis and earthquakes. The seismic assessment of SFT supported by mooring cables, under multi-support seismic excitations needs to be evaluated in more detail. The time domain dynamic problem of SFT moored by inclined mooring cables/anchors is formulated and the geometric non-linear dynamic analysis of SFT subjected to hydrodynamic and seismic excitations is performed in this paper. The prototype of SFT to be constructed in Qindao Lake of China is analysed under multi-support seismic excitations. It was found that due to the fluid environment and flexible cables the effective seismic forces are dissipated well and SFT is stable under the spectrum compatible ground motions. However, the lateral component of seismic excitations produce larger responses compared to longitudinal one and may be critical for other case studies.

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33

Feierbach, Becket, Fulvia Verde, and Fred Chang. "Regulation of a formin complex by the microtubule plus end protein tea1p." Journal of Cell Biology 165, no. 5 (June 7, 2004): 697–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200403090.

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The plus ends of microtubules have been speculated to regulate the actin cytoskeleton for the proper positioning of sites of cell polarization and cytokinesis. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, interphase microtubules and the kelch repeat protein tea1p regulate polarized cell growth. Here, we show that tea1p is directly deposited at cell tips by microtubule plus ends. Tea1p associates in large “polarisome” complexes with bud6p and for3p, a formin that assembles actin cables. Tea1p also interacts in a separate complex with the CLIP-170 protein tip1p, a microtubule plus end–binding protein that anchors tea1p to the microtubule plus end. Localization experiments suggest that tea1p and bud6p regulate formin distribution and actin cable assembly. Although single mutants still polarize, for3Δbud6Δtea1Δ triple-mutant cells lack polarity, indicating that these proteins contribute overlapping functions in cell polarization. Thus, these experiments begin to elucidate how microtubules contribute to the proper spatial regulation of actin assembly and polarized cell growth.

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34

Li, Jianzhi, Chen Wang, and Yiyao Zhao. "A Long-Term Monitoring Method of Corrosion Damage of Prestressed Anchor Cable." Micromachines 14, no. 4 (March 31, 2023): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14040799.

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Based on high-stress characteristics of prestressed anchor cables, this paper develops an axial-distributed testing method to test corrosion damage of prestressed anchor cables. The positioning accuracy and corrosion range of an axial-distributed optical fiber sensor is studied, and its mathematical model between corrosion mass loss and axial fiber strain is established. The experimental results show that the fiber strain from an axial-distributed sensor enables one to reflect the corrosion rate along a prestressed anchor. Moreover, it has a greater sensitivity when an anchored cable has a higher stress. The mathematical model between corrosion mass loss and axial fiber strain is determined to be ε=4723.64ρ+2592.95. The corrosion location along the anchor cable is characterized by axial fiber strain. Therefore, this work provides an insight for cable corrosion.

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35

Pyles, Marvin R., Jerry W. Anderson, and Susan G. Stafford. "Capacity of Second-Growth Douglas-fir and Western Hemlock Stump Anchors for Cable Logging." Journal of Forest Engineering 3, no. 1 (June 1991): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08435243.1991.10702631.

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36

Du, Yong, Yu Zhu, Jian Jiang, and Guo-Qiang Li. "Transient temperature distribution in pre-tensioned anchors of cable-supported structures under ISO834 fire." Thin-Walled Structures 138 (May 2019): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2019.02.017.

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37

Shu, Shanzhi, Balasingam Muhunthan, Thomas C. Badger, and Robert Grandorff. "Load testing of anchors for wire mesh and cable net rockfall slope protection systems." Engineering Geology 79, no. 3-4 (July 2005): 162–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.01.008.

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38

Marchi, Luca, Omar Mologni, Davide Trutalli, Roberto Scotta, Raffaele Cavalli, Lucio Montecchio, and Stefano Grigolato. "Safety assessment of trees used as anchors in cable-supported tree harvesting based on experimental observations." Biosystems Engineering 186 (October 2019): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2019.06.022.

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39

Shan, Renliang, Weijun Liu, Gengzhao Li, Chen Liang, Shuguo Shi, Ye Chen, and Shupeng Zhang. "Experimental Study on the Shear Mechanical Properties of Anchor Cable with C-Shaped Tube." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (August 4, 2022): 9616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159616.

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Faced with serious tensile–shear fracturing of anchor bolts and cables in deep roadways, it is of great significance to investigate Anchor Cable with C-shaped tube (ACC), a combined structure of a C-shaped tube and an anchor cable with high strength and shear resistance. The shear mechanical properties of the anchor cable and ACC are systematically investigated using the technical means of theoretical analysis and double-shear tests. The improved equipment for a double-shear test not only considers the initial normal stress but also ensures the continuity of the anchor cable’s axial force transmission while considering the influence of the inclination angle on the shear performance of supporting components. The research indicates that the C-shaped tube inhibits the occurrence of stress concentration near the joint surface and improves the stress state of the anchor cable, transforming its failure mode from tensile–shear failure to tensile failure. Compared with the anchor cable, ACC has a higher shear capacity, greater shear stiffness and better ductility in the shear direction. The shear capacity of ACC is higher when it is perpendicular to the joint plane than when inclined to 80°, and the shear capacity of the joint plane is linear with the initial normal stress. Two methods were proposed to contrast the shear capacity between the anchor cable and ACC, including the shear capacity of supporting components and the shear capacity of the joint surface. The former is to evaluate the shear capability of the anchor cable and ACC, while the latter is to evaluate the ability of the anchor cable and ACC to control the shear deformation of the joint surface. The tests results show that the average shear capacity of ACC is 279 kN higher than the anchor cable, with an average increase of 34.9%. The average shear capacity of the joint surface anchored by ACC is 306 kN higher than the anchor cable, with an average increase of 25.2%. ACC can effectively improve the shear capacity of the anchor cable in the free section and has wide application prospects.

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40

Gao, Xing, Jinqing Jia, Guoxiong Mei, Xiaohua Bao, Lihua Zhang, and Xiaoping Liao. "A New Prestress Loss Calculation Model of Anchor Cable in Pile–Anchor Structure." Mathematics 10, no. 8 (April 11, 2022): 1260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10081260.

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Pile–anchor structures are widely used in foundation excavation and slope reinforcement due to their safety and reliability. However, the pile–anchor structures have the common problem of the prestress loss of anchor cables, which may reduce the stability of the structures. To accurately predict the prestress loss of anchor cables, a new prestress loss calculation model was established, and the availability of the prestress loss calculation model was verified through engineering cases. Meanwhile, aiming at the long-term prestress loss of anchor cables, the coupled creep behavior of anchor cable–rock and soil was studied and an anchor cable–rock and soil coupled creep model suitable for pile–anchor structures is proposed. The model test confirms that the coupled creep model could accurately describe the coupled creep behavior of the anchor cable and the rock and soil mass. The models provide a theoretical basis for the study of the prestress of anchor cables in pile–anchor structures, and have a guiding significance for the design and construction in foundation excavation and slope engineering.

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41

Wang, Zhong Chang. "Numerical Simulation of Root Effect of Prestressed Anchor Cable Group." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 1185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.1185.

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A new method of equivalent pre-stress is suggested by used of methods of equivalent strain and temperature according to different working mechanisms between free segment and consolidated segment of pre-stress anchor cable. The mechanism on reinforcement of pre stress anchor cable is simulated by finite element. Due to enhanced toughness and anti-crack of root effect, anchor cables restrained the rock mass deforming toward surface. Rock mass around consolidated segment sustain tension. The anchor cable of unequal length should be used to avoid the anchor in arrangement of the same rock layer. The space between of anchor cables should be widened under the conditions of satisfying the need of engineering.

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42

Tao, Zhigang, Zhen Zhu, Wenshuai Han, Chun Zhu, Wenfang Liu, Xiaohui Zheng, Xu Yin, and Manchao He. "Static tension test and the finite element analysis of constant resistance and large deformation anchor cable." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 12 (December 2018): 168781401881063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018810638.

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Compared to the traditional anchor cable, the constant resistance and large deformation anchor cable (constant resistance and large deformation anchor cable) has good applications in many fields of geotechnical engineering. Through the indoor static tension test, this study reveals the variation law of constant resistance, axial strain, the outer diameter of the sleeve, and the thermal effect of constant resistance and large deformation anchor cables during static tension. The ANSYS software was used for the first time to establish the nonlinear thermomechanical coupling analysis model of the finite element structure of constant resistance and large deformation anchor cables for the numerical calculation and analysis of static tension mechanical properties of constant resistance anchor cables. The experimental results that the average elongation of this batch of constant resistance anchor cables is 905 mm with an average elongation rate of 45.2% and an average constant resistance of 650 kN prove that constant resistance anchor cables are characterized by good constant resistance and large deformation, which can meet the requirements of deep soft rock roadway support and advanced landslide monitoring. The numerical simulation results show that the elongation of this type of anchor cables is 902 mm with an elongation rate of 45.1% and a constant resistance of 660 kN, which are basically consistent with the experimental results, indicating that numerical simulation is relatively accurate for testing the mechanical property of constant resistance and large deformation anchor cables, and the combination of the indoor test and numerical simulation provides the reference for engineering practice and design optimization of constant resistance and large deformation anchor cables.

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43

Shan, Renliang, Yongsheng Bao, Pengcheng Huang, Weijun Liu, and Gengzhao Li. "Study on Double-Shear Test of Anchor Cable and C-Shaped Tube." Shock and Vibration 2021 (May 26, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9948424.

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The free section of prestressed anchor cable is a weak part of support. A new supporting structure named Anchor Cable and C-Shaped Tube, which can bear transverse shear force, solves the problem that rock bolt and anchor cable are prone to shear failure in the free section and also solves the contradiction between high preload and low shear bearing capacity of support materials. Double-shear tests of Anchor Cable and C-Shaped Tube with smooth joint planes were carried out. Double-shear tests were carried out on the anchor cables with the diameter of 21.6 mm and the same type of Anchor Cable and C-Shaped Tube under different preload conditions. The influence of the preload on the shear performance of supporting materials and the enhancement effect of Anchor Cable and C-Shaped Tube supporting structure on the shear performance of anchor cables were analyzed. The test results confirm that Anchor Cable and C-Shaped Tube can improve the transverse shear resistance of the supporting material and increase the axial ultimate bearing capacity of the anchor cable during the shearing process. It is found that, during the double-shear test, the fracture form of the supporting materials is tensile fracture, and when it is sheared, Anchor Cable and C-Shaped Tube can reduce the stress concentration of the interaction between the joint surface and the surrounding rock and reduce the damage to the surrounding rock.

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44

Kirsten, H. A. D. "Limiting equilibrium, closed-form elastic, and numerical plastic analyses of stability of earth wall reinforced with grouted rebar nails and cable anchors." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 29, no. 2 (April 1, 1992): 288–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t92-032.

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Detailed rigorous analyses for nail-reinforced excavation faces are not available. Limiting equilibrium, closed-form elastic, and numerical plastic analyses were accordingly developed as alternatives for the design of a 12 m deep excavation. It is shown that the nails subject the monolith to constant horizontal compressions equal to active pressures for the limiting equilibrium and elastic analyses. The corresponding boundary condition on the front surface is shown to be more accurate than considering the support as an anchored bulkhead in classical terms. In addition to the compressions induced by the reinforcement, the rear surface is considered to be subject to active pressures and to active pressures net of the cohesion of the retained mass as alternative loadings in the limiting equilibrium and elastic analyses. It is shown that a reliable design result could be obtained for this case by considering the rear surface to be subjected to active pressures net of 50% of the cohesion of the retained mass in addition to the horizontal compressions induced by the nails. The factors of safety against shearing failure at the toe and heel exceed unity, those for the limiting equilibrium analysis being more divergent than those for the elastic and plastic analyses. Otherwise, the various analyses gave similar factors of safety. The horizontal displacements determined from the elastic analysis for active pressures net of the cohesion of the retained mass corresponded closely to that actually observed under stable conditions. Those determined from the plastic analysis underestimated the observed displacements. The horizontal displacements determined from the plastic analysis for a simulated condition of failure compared closely with that observed. Key words : limiting, equilibrium, elastic, numerical, plastic, analysis, earth, wall, nails, anchors.

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45

Li, Jian, Shanxiong Chen, Fei Yu, and Lingfa Jiang. "Reinforcement Mechanism and Optimisation of Reinforcement Approach of a High and Steep Slope Using Prestressed Anchor Cables." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010266.

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Using prestressed anchor cables is one of the most common approaches for reinforcing slopes. By establishing a calculation model for a high and steep slope, the changes of displacement of slope foot and increment of force on the cables under different prestresses were calculated. Furthermore, the influence of prestress on the changes of displacement of slope foot and force on the cables was analysed. By analysing the changes in force on cables in different parts of the slope, the reinforcement mechanism of a prestressed anchor cable on the slope was attained. The result showed that the reinforcement effect of prestressed anchor cable on the slope was mainly attributed to it effectively restricting the displacement of sliding mass in the slope, while the effect of cables in the lower part of the slope was more significant than that of those in the upper part of the slope. Therefore, to reduce the number of cables, decrease the construction difficulty of cables and save money, it is feasible to remove cables in the range of the upper-third of the slope. Afterwards, by improving the cable prestress in the range of the lower-third and reducing the cable prestress in the middle, the safety factor of the slope can satisfy design requirements, thus reinforcing the slope.

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46

Nie, Yong, Yufei Zhao, Xiaogang Wang, Linhao Li, and Hongtao Zhang. "Seismic Response of Rock Slopes with the Anchor Cable in Centrifuge Modeling Tests." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (August 11, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8170258.

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In order to study the seismic response of the rock slopes with the anchor cable, centrifuge modeling tests were performed on concrete slope models. Different seismic loadings were performed to investigate the horizontal acceleration response, the rock slope displacement, and the stress of anchor cables. The results show that the horizontal acceleration response is obviously amplified by a rock slope. Under the same conditions, the higher the seismic intensity is, the larger the acceleration amplification coefficient will be. Anchor cable can effectively reduce the acceleration amplification effect of the slope. For the slope with a structural plane, the anchor cable at the structural plane is stressed greatly during the seismic action, and the strength of anchor cables near the expected structural plane is important.

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47

Sıvacıoğlu, Sevan, Ahmet Salduz, Ufuk Öztürk, Serkan Bayram, and Fevzi Birişik. "Simultaneous Bilateral Quadriceps Tendon Rupture in a Patient with Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis after Minimal Trauma: Eight-Year Follow-Up." Case Reports in Orthopedics 2018 (2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5047138.

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Introduction. The purpose of this report was to describe a very rare case of simultaneous bilateral quadriceps tendon rupture seen in a patient who was diagnosed as having diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Case Presentation. A man aged 64 years presented to the emergency department with bilateral quadriceps tendon rupture. Surgical repair was performed with suture anchors and a stainless steel cable. His legs were immobilized in casts for six weeks. After removal of the casts, physiotherapy was started. Four months after surgery, he was able to walk with 0°–120° range of motion and active extension. He was followed up for 8 years without rerupture or other complications. Conclusion. Bilateral rupture of the quadriceps tendon is a rare condition and generally related to metabolic disorders. Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis is a metabolic disorder that causes bilateral quadriceps tendon rupture, and it accounted for the differential diagnosis of the underlying condition.

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48

Shi, Qiang, Dehui Zhao, Ye Wang, Yufeng Li, Lei Zhu, and Zhihe Cheng. "Supporting Mechanism of Pile-Anchor Systems for Deep Foundation Pits in Alpine Regions during the Spring Thaw." Geofluids 2023 (May 20, 2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6445995.

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This study investigated the supporting mechanism of the retaining piles and prestressed anchor cables of a deep foundation pit in alpine regions during the spring thaw. A numerical model was developed based on a subway project in Changchun City. Field monitoring data and the numerical model were used to analyze the variations in the ground settlement, horizontal displacement of the pile tops, and axial force of the anchor cables during the spring thaw under different working conditions. The results demonstrated that changes in the ground settlement primarily occurred in the late stages of the spring thaw with no obvious settlement phenomena because of the thaw. The pile top displacement of most piles remained stable. The axial force of the anchor cables gradually decreased and then sharply increased early in the spring thaw and then slowly decreased in the middle and late stages. Increasing the pile length decreased the pile top displacement to a certain point. Moreover, increasing the pile length increased the axial force of the first anchor cable but decreased the axial force of the lower four anchor cables. Furthermore, increasing the pile spacing increased the pile top displacement and axial force of the five anchor cables. Increasing the incident angle of the anchor cables decreased the pile top displacement and increased the axial force of the first, third, and fourth cables. The axial force of the second cable was minimized at an incident angle of 14°, and the axial force of the fifth cable was minimized at incident angles of 16° and 18°.

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49

Cheng, Peng, Jian Zhang, and Ai Qing Liu. "Mechanism Analysis of Anchor Bolt and Cable Synergistic Action in Coal Roadway Support." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.735.

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Aiming at the current situation of anchor bolt and cable arrangement in mine roadway support, the paper analysis the mechanical characteristics and mechanism of bolts and cables, and numerical simulation method is used to comparison and analysis of pre-tension distribution characteristics under different anchor bolt-cable arrangement. The research indicated that separate anchor bolt-cable layout in different sections, anchor bolt and cable force stable equilibrium, coordinate with each other, at this time roadway surrounding rock of shallow and deep pretension distribution more reasonable, can play a role of bolt anchor cable synergistic action, and form the best pre-tension load-bearing structure, which is helpful to keep the stability of coal roadway.

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50

Zhang, Cheng-Cheng, Hong-Hu Zhu, Su-Ping Liu, Bin Shi, and Gang Cheng. "Quantifying progressive failure of micro-anchored fiber optic cable–sand interface via high-resolution distributed strain sensing." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 57, no. 6 (June 2020): 871–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2018-0651.

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Distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) is gaining increasing interest in geotechnical monitoring. By using soil-embedded fiber optic cables, strain profiles as well as deformation patterns of geotechnical infrastructures can be captured. Probing the fiber optic cable–soil interfacial behavior is vital to the advancement of DFOS-based geotechnical monitoring and our understanding of the soil–inclusion interaction mechanism. To this aim, laboratory pullout tests were performed to investigate the progressive failure of the interface between micro-anchored cables and the surrounding sand. High-resolution strain profiles recorded using Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) not only elucidated the influence of anchorage on strain measurements, but also allowed the classical soil–inclusion interaction problem to be studied in detail. Interfacial shear stresses calculated from step-like strain profiles provided clear evidence of the contribution of each micro-anchor to the pullout resistance. The cable–soil contact is a combination of overall bonding and point fixation depending on the level of mobilized interfacial shear stress, and therefore the validity of measured strains is correlated to a three-stage process of interface failure. This study also shows that installing heat-shrink tubes on the fiber optic cable is a rapid, low-cost, effective approach to make an anchored DFOS system for deformation monitoring of earth structures.

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