Готові списки джерел за темами / Byron Bay Sewage Treatment

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Byron Bay Sewage Treatment"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 20 лютого 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Byron Bay Sewage Treatment"

Bavor, H. J., and E. F. Andel. "Nutrient Removal and Disinfection Performance in the Byron Bay Constructed Wetland System." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 4 (February 1, 1994): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0191.

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A constructed wetland system has been developed for polishing of treated sewage effluent at Byron Bay, northern New South Wales, Australia. Nutrient removal and disinfection performance of the system has been monitored in preliminary investigations and has been found to be promising. The system, monitoring program and ongoing research program are described

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Gemza, A. F. "Spatial and Temporal Water Quality Trends in Severn Sound, Georgian Bay, since the Introduction of Phosphorus Control Guidelines: Nutrients and Phytoplankton, 1973 to 1991." Water Quality Research Journal 30, no. 4 (November 1, 1995): 565–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1995.044.

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Abstract Severn Sound continues to exhibit signs of eutrophication despite initial identification of the problem in 1969 and the construction of several sewage treatment plants since then. In general, improvements in trophic state indicators have been marginal, suggesting that the sewage treatment plants have had limited success in controlling phosphorus concentrations. These discharges likely contributed to the increased total phosphorus levels and consequently the higher phytoplankton densities of the nearshore waters. Phytoplankton biovolumes were on average one order of magnitude higher than in the open waters of Lake Huron with mean summer biovolumes as high as 8.0 mm/L. Algal biovolumes were most dense in Penetang Bay, which experienced limited exchange with the main waters of the sound. No significant long-term trends were observed. Water clarity was declining significantly, however, at a rate of -0.60 to -0.78 m/year throughout the sound except in Sturgeon Bay. Total phosphorus levels were highly variable from year to year; however, concentrations from a 20-year perspective were declining in the open waters at a rate of 0.70 µg/L/year, but response was limited in nearshore areas. In Sturgeon Bay, mean annual euphotic zone total phosphorus as well as soluble reactive phosphorus levels declined by as much as 50% following the construction of a sewage treatment plant with tertiary treatment. Phytoplankton genera typical of eutrophic waters continued to dominate the algal assemblage but members indicative of mesotrophic conditions have become apparent in some areas of the sound.

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Volkman, John K., Teresa O'Leary, Rhys Leeming, Peter D. Nichols, and John K. Volkman. "Assessment of the sources, transport and fate of sewage-derived organic matter in Port Phillip Bay, Australia, using the signature lipid coprostanol." Marine and Freshwater Research 50, no. 6 (1999): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf98051.

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To evaluate the distribution of faecal material in Port Phillip Bay, surface sediments from sites throughout the bay and inflowing water courses were analysed for fatty acids and sterols. Water samples were also collected to identify possible sources of faecal contamination. Bay sediments had total fatty acid concentrations between 4 and 183 µg g–1 (dry weight) and total sterol concentrations between 0.6 and 39.2 µg g–1. Creek sediments contained more sterols, ranging from 22.8–148 µg g–1. These lipid distributions suggest that the bulk of the labile organic matter derives from marine microalgae, primarily diatoms. Coprostanol (5β-cholestan-3β-ol), a sterol often used as an indicator of faecal contamination, was also present. Concentrations ranged from <0.01–0.55 µg g–1 in surface sediments, with values over 0.25 µg g–1 and 5β-/5α-C27 stanol ratios greater than 0.4, indicative of sewage inputs. A clearer picture of distributions of sewage-derived organic matter was obtained when coprostanol was normalized to total organic matter rather than sediment dry weight. Areas showing higher coprostanol concentrations included those adjacent to the main sewage treatment plant and several low-volume drains and creeks, indicating localized problems of sewage contamination.

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NAGAO, Kentaro, Yoshiyuki NAKAMURA, Daiki TSURUSHIMA, and Yuto KOYAMA. "EFFECTIVENESS ASSESMENT OF NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT OPERATION AT SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS IN ISE-BAY." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering) 75, no. 2 (2019): I_1021—I_1026. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/kaigan.75.i_1021.

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Kubo, A., M. Yamamoto-Kawai, and J. Kanda. "Seasonal variations in concentration and composition of dissolved organic carbon in Tokyo Bay." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 7 (July 1, 2014): 10203–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-10203-2014.

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Abstract. Concentrations of recalcitrant and bioavailable dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and their seasonal variations were investigated at three stations in Tokyo Bay, Japan, and in two freshwater sources flowing into the bay to evaluate the significance of DOC degradation for the carbon budget in coastal waters and carbon export to the open ocean. Recalcitrant DOC (RDOC) was differentiated from bioavailable DOC (BDOC) as a remnant of DOC after 150 days of bottle incubation. On average, RDOC accounted for 78% of the total DOC in Shibaura sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent, 67% in the upper Arakawa River water, 66% in the lower Arakawa River water, and 78% in surface bay water. RDOC concentrations were higher than BDOC at all stations. In freshwater environments, RDOC concentrations were almost constant throughout the year. In the bay, RDOC was higher during spring and summer than during autumn and winter. The relative abundance of RDOC in the bay derived from phytoplankton, terrestrial, and open oceanic waters was estimated to be 9%, 33%, and 58%, respectively, by multiple regression analysis of RDOC, salinity, and chl a. In addition, comparison with previous data from 1972 revealed that concentrations of RDOC and BDOC have decreased by 33% and 74% at freshwater sites and 39% and 76% at Tokyo Bay, while the ratio of RDOC to DOC has increased. The change in DOC concentration and composition was probably due to increased amounts of sewage treatment plant effluent entering the system. Tokyo Bay exported DOC, mostly RDOC, to the open ocean because of remineralization of BDOC.

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Saini, Abhishek, and Geeta Singh. "Analysis of Sewage Treatment Plant at Rai, Sonipat Haryana." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 06 (June 1, 2021): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/04255.

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Almost 80% of the raw water converted into the wastewater. Wastewater treatment of Municipal waste is the way toward eliminating pollutants from civil wastewater, containing fundamentally family unit sewage including some waste from industries. This research evaluates the performance efficiency of Wastewater Treatment Plant operating on extended aeration process with the average inflow of 7.5 MLD. Fundamentally different wastewater boundaries like pH, TSS, BOD, COD and so forth are inspected at the inlet, outlet and different various destinations of treatment plant. Investigation of quality of water of this plant is a basic as the vast majority of the treated gushing released into Yamuna waterway staying utilized for water system, watering of parks and greens. The consequences of these assessments likewise decide if the emanating released into the water body are under cut-off points given by CPCB. Wastewater tests were gathered at various phases of treatment units and investigated for the significant waste water quality boundaries, for example, BOD, COD, TSS and biodegradability. The normal convergence of boundaries at bay inspecting site pH, BOD, COD, Total Suspended solids, are 7.358, 190.58 mg/l, 588 mg/l and 189.4 mg/l respectively. While the normal convergence of these boundaries, after treatment shows following qualities 7.792, 7.58 mg/l, 32.7 mg/l and 7.8mg/l respectively.

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Gimiliani, Giovana Teixeira, Roberto Fioravanti Carelli Fontes, and Denis Moledo de Souza Abessa. "Modeling the dispersion of endocrine disruptors in the Santos Estuarine System (Sao Paulo State, Brazil)." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 64, no. 1 (March 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592016072806401.

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Abstract Estrogens are hormones responsible for growth and reproduction. They are naturally synthesized by animals and humans alike. Xenoestrogens are identical to natural hormones, but they are man-made and used as oral contraceptives. Xenoestrogens are a specific group of drugs found in domestic wastewater and some environmental matrices. These compounds remain after conventional sewage treatment and, consequently, affect both the environment and non-target aquatic organisms. In this study, we used the Delft3D hydrodynamic model to estimate the amount of both natural and synthetic estrogens that have been released in the Estuarine System of Santos and São Vicente and the Santos Bay. The data on flow from the sewage treatment plants and on average concentrations of natural and synthetic estrogens released in aquatic environments were obtained from the literature. The results of the modeling showed higher concentrations of estrogens in the estuarine waters of the Largo Pompeba region, the São Vicente Canal, and the Santos Bay, which are regions that receive greater inflows of domestic sewage. The results also suggest that higher concentrations of estrogenic compounds are expected to be found in areas with higher levels of salinity.

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Zimmerman, Melvin C., and Lynette Dooley. "Water Quality Assessment of the Lower West Branch – Susquehanna River: Focus on Sewage Treatment." Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science 88, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jpennacadscie.88.1.0040.

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ABSTRACT The object of this study was to describe and determine the water quality of the Lower West Branch of the Susquehanna River between Lock Haven and Sunbury. Sites were selected in relation to location of sewage treatment plants along this stretch of river. Water chemistry data (pH, alkalinity, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, temperature, conductivity, orthophosphorus, total phosphorus, total dissolved solids, and turbidity) are presented from 2005 to 2013. Macroinvertebrate kick samples were collected from sample sites in the summer of 2013. These data were subjected to the EPA Rapid Bioassessment Protocol II (RBA-Family Level), Hillsenhoff Biotic Index and Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index in an attempt to describe water quality. All nine of the sewage treatment plants in this section of the river have made improvements to address discharge and combined sewer overflows (CSO's) concerns in the last decade. The overall quality of the water appears to have improved as a number of Chesapeake Bay Initiatives on sewage treatment plants has taken place. Noticeable success of the new standards for sewage treatment plants that have been or are currently being upgraded will need continued monitoring to demonstrate overall water quality improvements.

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Oh, Hyun-Taik, Jun-Ho Goo, Sung-Eun Park, Yun-Sun Choi, Rae-Hong Jung, Woo-Jeung Choi, Won-Chan Lee, and Jong-Soo Park. "Analysis of Water Quality caused by Improvement of Sewage Treatment Plant in Masan Bay." Journal of Environmental Science International 14, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 777–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5322/jes.2005.14.8.777.

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Blomqvist, Sven, Ulf Larsson, and Hans Borg. "Heavy metal decrease in the sediments of a Baltic bay following tertiary sewage treatment." Marine Pollution Bulletin 24, no. 5 (May 1992): 258–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(92)90564-m.

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Дисертації з теми "Byron Bay Sewage Treatment"

Rowley, Maxine Joy, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, and Faculty of Science and Technology. "Spatial distribution of phosphorus in the sediments of a constructed wetland receiving treated sewage effluent." THESIS_FST_XXX_Rowley_M.xml, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/403.

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The Byron Bay Sewage Treatment work consists of a conventional treatment system discharging into an 8 ha wetland. The wetland was constructed around the dune and swale remnants of a coastal beach ridge formation. The wetland design incorporated stands of broad leaf paperback, Melaleuca quinquenervia , in two distinct Sections, separated by, and each preceded by, open water Sections fringed by predominantly emergent macrophytes. Spatial and temporal patterns in sediment phosphorus concentrations were examined using sediment cores. Core consisted of three main sediment types - surface organic accumulation, pre-existing organic layers and sand. Results suggest that the design and management of wetland systems should be aimed at maximising the deposition of sediment (and associated phosphorus) and minimising subsequent phosphorus release from the sediment. This might be achieved through the removal of accumulated organic sediments to retain the phosphorus adsorption capacity of the system, consideration of wind direction during periods of high (floating) plant growth (as detritus may accumulate along the up-wind edges of the wetland), incorporation of deep zones to minimise sediment phosphorus release and the inclusion of stands of M. quinquenervia. Results highlight pitfalls in the prevailing approach to wetland design, which ignore the complex functions which occur in natural wetland systems. A more holistic approach incorporating a high diversity of ecozones in wetland design is proposed, in effect mimicking natural systems.
Master of Science (Hons)

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Rowley, Maxine Joy. "Spatial distribution of phosphorus in the sediments of a constructed wetland receiving treated sewage effluent." Thesis, [Richmond, N.S.W.] : Centre for Water and Environmental Technology, Water Research Laboratory, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/403.

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Farahazad, Maryam. "The problems with water quality standards in Oakland Bay associated with the Shelton sewage treatment plant." Online pdf file accessible through the World Wide Web, 2009. http://archives.evergreen.edu/masterstheses/Accession86-10MES/Farahzad_MTMESThesis2009.pdf.

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Wolfe, Christopher L. "Biological and physical treatment of crab processing industry wastewaters." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08042009-040526/.

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TSENG, JUI-FENG, and 曾瑞峰. "A Study of the Residents Intention on Setting Sewage Treatment Plant in Penghu Inner Bay." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x42gtn.

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碩士
國立澎湖科技大學
觀光休閒系碩士班
105
The Penghu Inner Bay is enclosed on three sides without any sea currents passing through, and has a low geographical terrain. Every day, 1911.6 tonnes of waste water and 642.2 kilograms of sludge are channeled into the nearby waters from at least 8 villages and 6 sewage drains daily, without being processed by sewage treatment plants. This results in the deterioration of water quality in the body of water, impacting the marine ecology and quality of the living environment. The Penghu County Government has therefore initiated the construction of a sewage system. As the construction of these NIMBY facilities are necessary, the research employs Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior as its theoretical basis, and conducts Within-household sampling surveys with the residents of Penghu Inner Bay, to study their level of support towards the setting up of a sewage treatment plant. A total of 455 effective sample surveys were collected, which are then analyzed using structural equation modelling. The results of the research reveal that: 1. Attitudes have a positive correlation to behavioural intentions; 2. Perceptual behaviour control has a positive correlation to behavioural intentions; 3. Subjective norms have a negative correlation to perceptual behavioural control; 4. Caiyuan village and Tiexian village show a higher level of support; 5. Those who have visited sewage treatment plants show a high level of support. Lastly, based on the research results, the paper provides conclusions and suggestions for future research.

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Книги з теми "Byron Bay Sewage Treatment"

Albertson, S. L. Oakland Bay study: A dye and modeling study in an enclosed estuary with a high degree of refluxing. Olympia, WA: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, 2004.

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Workshop on Adopting, Applying and Operating Environmentally Sound Technologies for Domestic and Industrial Wastewater Treatment for the Wider Caribbean Region (1998 Montego Bay, Jamaica). Proceedings of the Workshop on Adopting, Applying and Operating Environmentally Sound Technologies for Domestic and Industrial Wastewater Treatment for the Wider Caribbean Region: Regional workshop for wider Caribbean Region implemented 16-20 November 1998, Montego Bay, Jamaica. Osaka/Shiga: UNEP International Environmental Technology Centre, 1998.

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Levy, Sharon. The Marsh Builders. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190246402.001.0001.

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Swamps and marshes once covered vast stretches of the North American landscape. The destruction of these habitats, long seen as wastelands that harbored deadly disease, accelerated in the twentieth century. Today, the majority of the original wetlands in the US have vanished, transformed into farm fields or buried under city streets. In The Marsh Builders, Sharon Levy delves into the intertwined histories of wetlands loss and water pollution. The book's springboard is the tale of a years-long citizen uprising in Humboldt County, California, which led to the creation of one of the first U.S. wetlands designed to treat city sewage. The book explores the global roots of this local story: the cholera epidemics that plagued nineteenth-century Europe; the researchers who invented modern sewage treatment after bumbling across the insight that microbes break down pollutants in water; the discovery that wetlands act as efficient filters for the pollutants unleashed by modern humanity. More than forty years after the passage of the Clean Water Act launched a nation-wide effort to rescue lakes, rivers and estuaries fouled with human and industrial waste, the need for revived wetlands is more urgent than ever. Waters from Lake Erie and Chesapeake Bay to China's Lake Taihu are tainted with an overload of nutrients carried in runoff from farms and cities, creating underwater dead zones and triggering algal blooms that release toxins into drinking water sources used by millions of people. As the planet warms, scientists are beginning to design wetlands that can shield coastal cities from rising seas. Revived wetlands hold great promise for healing the world's waters.

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Частини книг з теми "Byron Bay Sewage Treatment"

Sakamaki, Takashi, Youhei Sakurai, and Osamu Nishimura. "Tsunami Impacts on Eelgrass Beds and Acute Deterioration of Coastal Water Quality Due to the Damage of Sewage Treatment Plant in Matsushima Bay, Japan." In Tsunamis and Earthquakes in Coastal Environments, 187–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28528-3_13.

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Levy, Sharon. "Fighting the Big Sewage Machine." In The Marsh Builders. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190246402.003.0010.

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Salmon were George Allen’s passion. He spent his professional life seeking to combine salmon restoration with sewage recycling, a mission as daunting as the upstream struggle of a weary chinook blocked by a dam. Salmon begin their lives as eggs buried in a gravel nest on a stream bottom, from which tiny fish emerge, swim to the surface, and start to feed. The young grow, lose their infant stripes, and swim to sea, steered by instinct and a physical drive to reach salt water. They range through the ocean for two years or more, growing into magnificent creatures. When the time is right, they return to their home streams to spawn. Crowds of wild, abundant salmon once fought their way up the rivers of the Pacific coast from central California to Alaska. The cycle was eternal, with no distinct beginning or end, until white civilization blocked the rivers with dams and smothered the spawning grounds in silt. By the time Allen came to teach fisheries at Humboldt State, in 1957, salmon runs all along the west coast were depleted. Most of the ancient stocks that had once populated the streams feeding Humboldt Bay were extinct. In an obscure corner of Arcata’s treatment plant, Allen and his students raised young coho and chinook in treated sewage flowing out of the city’s oxidation ponds. Soon after he arrived in Humboldt, Allen had begun planning to resurrect the bay’s lost salmon stocks, and Arcata’s sewage oxidation ponds proved the only likely spot to launch his quest. The oxidation ponds were a constant source of fresh water, with access to a stream, Jolly Giant Creek, which formed a small estuary where he could release fish to the bay. He took fingerlings from any hatchery that had extras and raised them to the moment of smoltification, when they lost their baby stripes, turned shiny silver, and transformed from freshwater to saltwater creatures. His intense hope was that they’d go to sea and return as adults, making the city’s wastewater plant the center of a salmon revival in Humboldt Bay.

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Levy, Sharon. "Revolution." In The Marsh Builders. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190246402.003.0012.

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The fight over the Humboldt Bay Wastewater Authority (HBWA) project had turned bitter and personal. HBWA’s attorney, John Stokes, and most of its board members had lobbied hard against Arcata’s alternative treatment plan. Dan Hauser, usually diplomatic, seethed with resentment. “HBWA has set itself up as the enemy,” he wrote in a September 1977 opinion piece in the Arcata Union. “Therefore, we have no alternative but to defend ourselves by attacking HBWA . . . We must stop this $52 million boondoggle.” Hauser, still Arcata’s representative on the HBWA board, pledged to work toward the “total redesign or total destruction” of the regional sewage system. Other members of HBWA were growing panicky. The Committee for a Sewer Referendum’s lawsuit kept the board from issuing bonds to finance construction, while inflation caused the project’s already huge price tag to balloon. Concealing the move from Hauser, the board applied for a $5.9 million loan from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Arcata, at Mayor Hauser’s suggestion, promptly sued HBWA for seeking the loan without the city’s consent. Meanwhile, Hauser organized an appeal for Arcata’s wetland treatment system before the State Water Resources Control Board. The city mustered support from representatives of the US Fish and Wildlife Service and Audubon Society, along with academic experts on Humboldt Bay oysters and low-tech sewage treatment. Wade Rose, the shaggy upstart from the governor’s Office of Appropriate Technology, would speak. After Stokes cross-examined Rose at the regional board hearing, “it became a crusade for the entire Office of Appropriate Technology,” Hauser explains. “They singled out HBWA as the ultimate in obsolete technology and concrete overkill.” When the Arcata contingent arrived at the state board hearing in Sacramento, one of the board members, brandishing a newspaper clipping in his hand, called Hauser forward. The clipping was a story from the Arcata Union, quoting Hauser saying that the marsh project would not get a fair hearing. “He asked why I was there if I believed they were already biased against me,” Hauser remembers. “I told him we have to go through this process to get to the next step.”

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Levy, Sharon. "The Fight This Time." In The Marsh Builders. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190246402.003.0018.

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Forty- five years after the passage of the Clean Water Act (CWA), water pollution remains a profound problem. More than forty- seven thousand US waters are impaired. At the rate these lakes, rivers, and estuaries are being cleaned up, it will take more than five hundred years to make them all safe for swimming and fishing. Oliver Houck, a professor of law at Tulane University who has focused on environmental protection since the 1970s, sums up the situation: “We have not had clean water in America,” he writes, “in the lifetime of anyone living.” The major source of pollution in the waters of the US, as in other developed countries, is now runoff from farm fields and city streets. These nonpoint sources remain difficult to control. More than 75 percent of the rivers and lakes that fail to meet water quality standards are tainted by nonpoint sources. In terms of nutrient pollution, agricultural runoff is by far the dominant source, triggering harmful algal blooms from Chesapeake Bay to Puget Sound. The CWA of 1972 addressed point sources of pollution in a decisive and radical way. Section 402 of the CWA applies effluent standards based on the best available treatment technology to city sewage and industrial wastewaters, and puts regulatory power in the hands of the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Regulation under this scheme has brought dramatic improvement in water quality. Before the CWA was enacted, major urban river systems throughout the country had such low levels of dissolved oxygen that fish kills became routine, and urban beaches were often closed due to fecal contamination. By the late 1990s, dissolved oxygen levels had improved in about 70 percent of river reaches and watersheds studied by the EPA, and fish had returned to many waters. Beach closures decreased. Problems remain, especially in cities like Chicago and Baltimore, where heavy rains can overwhelm treatment systems, releasing raw sewage downstream. Still, in terms of curbing point source pollution, the CWA has made a critical difference. The rise of pollution from unregulated nonpoint sources has eaten away at these water quality gains. The Mississippi River basin, whose waters flow into the northern Gulf of Mexico, may be the most dramatic example. In August 2017, the Gulf’s dead zone grew to an unprecedented 8,776 square miles, about the size of New Jersey.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Byron Bay Sewage Treatment"

Kim, Kyunghoi, Kyunghoi Kim, Oh Seok Jin, Oh Seok Jin, In-Cheol Lee, and In-Cheol Lee. "CHANGES IN WATER QUALITY AND FISHERY PRODUCTION IN JINHAE BAY." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b936d7f2bd3.88169808.

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For the better understanding of long-term variations of water quality in Jinhae Bay after establishment of special law, we analyzed the archive data monitored in Jinhae Bay during the last 17 years (1997-2013). And change on fish catch due to the variations of water quality was investigated. A marked decrease in the number of red tide occurrence is due to the effectiveness of the law and sewage treatment plant that has targeted the reduction of COD in the effluent water since early 2000. Although the improvement of water quality, increase in fishery production was not observed in Jinhae Bay. For the recovery of fishery production, processes for restoration of entire ecosystem such as restoration of artificial intertidal flat and seaweed bed and remediation of organic-rich sea bed should be accompanied with improvement of water quality.

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Robertson, Ian N., Lyle P. Carden, and Gary Y. K. Chock. "Case Study of Tsunami Bore Impact on RC Wall." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-11214.

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The Tohoku Tsunami of March 11, 2011 caused tremendous damage to many coastal buildings, bridges and port facilities. During field surveys following this event, the authors documented a number of structures that were damaged to a near-collapse condition as a result of hydrodynamic loading. Analysis of survivor videos provided information on the tsunami flow characteristics at these locations, allowing for an assessment of current hydrodynamic loading expressions under full-scale conditions. Based on laboratory experiments performed at Oregon State University, the lead author and colleagues developed a new hydrodynamic loading expression for a broken bore striking a vertical wall [1]. This expression was applied to a case study of a large vertical reinforced concrete (RC) wall damaged by an incoming bore strike during the Tohoku Tsunami. The damaged wall is on the seaward side of a high-bay building in the Minami Gamou Sewage Treatment plant near the Sendai coastline. A non-linear finite element model of the building was subjected to the hydrodynamic pressure distribution derived from the laboratory experiments. It is shown by structural analysis of the wall that using this loading expression generates the same yielding response in the wall as observed in the field, as reflected in the deflected shape measured by LiDAR. Similar analysis using current Japan Tsunami design provisions indicates that these provisions are considerably more conservative from a structural perspective than is necessary to resist hydrodynamic loading from a tsunami bore. This paper presents the application of hydrodynamic loading by the leading edge of a bore, determined based on laboratory experiments, to the non-linear analysis of a reinforced concrete building damaged during the Tohoku Tsunami.

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