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Статті в журналах з теми "Business travel"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 5 березня 2023

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1

Müller, Teresa, Sabine Hommelhoff, Mina Westman, and Cornelia Niessen. "Business Travel." Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O 64, no. 4 (October 2020): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0932-4089/a000331.

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Abstract. Control over business trips has been considered an important resource for frequent business travelers. Building on past research and conservation of resources theory, this two-wave study among 210 frequent business travelers investigated whether work meaning moderates the relationship between two kinds of control, job control and trip-scheduling control, and two important work outcomes, work satisfaction and perceived task performance. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that when work meaning was lower, trip-scheduling control was negatively related to work satisfaction and perceived task performance 6 months later. However, there were no significant interactions between job control and work meaning on the two outcomes. Findings support the reasoning that trip-scheduling control is of specific importance in the context of business travel and that this particular kind of control is not per se positive but contingent on work meaning and thus the larger context.

2

Laws, Eric. "Business travel." Tourism Management 15, no. 6 (December 1994): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(94)90076-0.

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3

Griffiths, M. "Business travel abroad." BMJ 327, no. 7409 (July 31, 2003): 38s —a—38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7409.s38-a.

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4

Tagg, Lawrence. "Business travel guides." Business Information Review 8, no. 4 (April 1992): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266382924234559.

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5

Kulendran, Nada, and Kenneth Wilson. "Modelling Business Travel." Tourism Economics 6, no. 1 (March 2000): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000000101297460.

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Business travel is important and yet very few attempts have been made to model it. The aim of this study is to identify those economic variables that are most important in influencing business trips to Australia from four of Australia's most important travel and trade partners. Using a standard demand modelling approach suitably modified to deal with the motivations for business trips, Johansen's Full Information Maximum Likelihood technique is used to estimate the long-run relationship between business travel and its explanators. We find that the importance of the economic variables varies from country to country, although overall openness to trade and origin country real income are important variables explaining business travel.

6

Sussmann, Silvia, and Faria Ng. "Business travel counseling." Annals of Tourism Research 22, no. 3 (January 1995): 688–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(94)00102-x.

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7

Unger, Orit, Natan Uriely, and Galia Fuchs. "The business travel experience." Annals of Tourism Research 61 (November 2016): 142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2016.10.003.

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8

Van, Hoang Thi, and Vo Minh Hieu. "Travel Branding in Tourism 4.0: Case Study Vietnam Travel." Journal of Asian and African Studies 55, no. 6 (August 21, 2020): 896–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909620935428.

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A smart travel brand today is not only an advertising marketing channel but also requires businesses to adapt and focus on brand value. Branding plays a role in shaping customer search behavior which means an effectively personalized brand helps travel businesses find potential customers and develop specific services to maintain business advantages. This article contributes some ideas about building a tourism brand today that is personalized through story and awareness in the context of digital competition, where customers play a central role both of providers of recommendations and consumers of the recommended story.

9

Roby, Helen. "Understanding the development of business travel policies: Reducing business travel, motivations and barriers." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 69 (November 2014): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2014.08.022.

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10

Gholipour, Hassan F., and Behzad Foroughi. "Business Sentiment and International Business Travels: A Cross-country Analysis." Journal of Travel Research 59, no. 6 (September 17, 2019): 1061–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287519872828.

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This article investigates the effect of business confidence index (which is a measure of company managers’ optimism and pessimism toward their near-future business performance) on demand for international business travels. The model is empirically tested for 40 countries from 2004 to 2016. Using the first-difference generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation method, the results show that when managers of local businesses become more optimistic about their business performance, they travel more to other countries to search for more business opportunities in international markets. We also find that business confidence has a positive impact on outgoing business tourism expenditures. Our findings provide some important implications for tourism authorities and operators, macroeconomic policy makers, and airline managers.

11

Douglas, Anneli. "Mobile business travel application usage." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology 10, no. 3 (September 17, 2019): 269–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhtt-01-2018-0002.

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Purpose Research abounds highlighting the differences between males and females when they travel. Even in business travel, these differences have been acknowledged, with suppliers and marketers spending significant money to develop and market products to accommodate them. The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether differences exist in terms of mobile application usage between male and female business travellers. Design/methodology/approach A mixed method approach is followed. An internet-based survey is distributed and in-depth interviews conducted with South African business travellers. The Mann–Whitney U-test is used to test the differences between males and females and their mobile application usage. Content analysis is used to analyse the interviews. Findings The results show that mobile applications are perceived as more important by females than males in all the phases of the travel cycle, although most of these differences in perceived importance were not significant. Research limitations/implications Owing to the online data-collection method and the self-selective process, the findings cannot be generalised to the global population of business travellers who use mobile applications. Practical implications The results should caution corporate organisations, travel management companies and their application developers not to spend unnecessary technological and financial resources on developing applications to accommodate differences between males and females, which might not exist. Companies should rather spend money on developing applications that will enhance and add convenience to the business traveller’s experience. Originality/value The main contribution of this study lies in investigating the applications market, particularly in the context of business travel. Applications focussed on specific sectors of the tourism industry, such as business travel applications, serve business travellers differently from generic travel applications. This research examines business travel-specific applications and expands the scale and scope of the enquiry, concentrating on the travellers’ view.

12

Webb, David Maryland. "TimeControl: Business and Personal Travel." Hospital Topics 68, no. 3 (June 1990): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00185868.1990.10543683.

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13

Aguilera, Anne. "Business travel and mobile workers." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 42, no. 8 (October 2008): 1109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2008.03.005.

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14

Lubbe, Berendien. "Business travel: a perspective paper." Tourism Review 75, no. 1 (August 28, 2019): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-05-2019-0178.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief perspective on the growth of business travel over the past 60 years and how it may unfold in the future, highlighting certain themes and noting limitations in the research. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on selected academic literature and industry sources on business travel which briefly reviews its growth and directions of research in this field. Practical implications The paper distinguishes between different types of business travel and provides a bird's eye view of the future. Originality/value The review distinguishes between different forms of business travel and concludes that greater clarity of the business travel concept will enable research to be conducted within a properly defined theoretical framework.

15

Beaverstock, Jonathan V., Ben Derudder, James R. Faulconbridge, and Frank Witlox. "International business travel: some explorations." Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 91, no. 3 (September 2009): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0467.2009.00314.x.

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16

Rossi, Federica, and Rico Maggi. "Business travel decisions and high-speed trains: an ordered logit approach." REGION 6, no. 3 (December 20, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18335/region.v6i3.249.

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The paper studies the potential impact on business travel of the new high-speed railway line project, called AlpTransit, which will link Lugano, the small economic hub of the southern part of Switzerland, with Zurich, one of the major Swiss economic centres, situated north of the Alps. Thanks to this infrastructure, travel time between the two cities will decrease considerably from about three hours to less than two hours by the end of 2020. The question that we pose in this paper is what impact high-speed trains could have, in the short to medium term, on business travel between the two hubs (ex-ante evaluation). Indeed, given the travel time, firms could increase their business-to-business one-day trips, boosting face-to-face interactions within and among enterprises. Our curiosity more specifically regards the potential impact of the change in travel time on the propensity to travel of employees with different functions in various types of firms. An on-line survey was conducted among firms located in Ticino, the Swiss Canton that includes Lugano. The data are analysed using four ordered logit models, one for each employee category (CEO, administrative staff, sales personnel, specialists), since hierarchical position and professional status influence business travel characteristics. Results show that internal firm characteristics, such as sector, frequency and destination of current business travels significantly influence the propensity to travel to Zurich more often thanks to AlpTransit.

17

Surya, Batara, Hernita Hernita, Agus Salim, Seri Suriani, Iwan Perwira, Yulia Yulia, Muhlis Ruslan, and Kafrawi Yunus. "Travel-Business Stagnation and SME Business Turbulence in the Tourism Sector in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (February 19, 2022): 2380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042380.

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The COVID-19 pandemic, apart from having an impact on public health, has also caused the stagnation of travel-bureau businesses and the management of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the tourism sector. This study aims to analyze the COVID-19 pandemic as a determinant of travel-business stagnation and turbulence in small and medium enterprises (SMEs), the influence of human resources, business development, and product marketing on the productivity of the travel and SME business, the direct and indirect effects of business innovation, economic digitization, and the use of technology on business stability and economic-business sustainability. This study uses an explanatory sequential qualitative–quantitative approach. Data were obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, surveys, and documentation. This study is focused on assessing the efforts made by travel-agency-business actors and SMEs in responding and adapting to changes in the business environment, both internally and externally. Human resources, business development, and product marketing together affect the productivity of travel agents and SMEs with a coefficient of determination of 95.84%. Furthermore, business innovation, economic digitization, and the use of technology simultaneously affect business stability with a coefficient of determination of 63.8%, and business stability affects the sustainability of travel and SMEs with a coefficient of determination of 67.6%. This study recommends a strategy for travel-agency-business sustainability and the stability of SMEs’ economic-business management towards increasing economic growth in the North Toraja Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.

18

Zain, Mochammad Taufik Ramadhan. "THE ART OF SURVIVING THE TRAVEL BUSINESS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." JHSS (Journal of Humanities and Social Studies) 6, no. 3 (October 29, 2022): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v6i3.6497.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has paralyzed all economic sectors, especially the tourism and travel business. Because this sector has close contact with humans and is completely contrary to government regulations during this pandemic. Therefore, companies need to issue management policies and strategies to maintain the continuity of this business. These policies and strategies include human resource management strategies, financial management, operational management, and business product innovation. This research was conducted on five tour and travel businesses in the city of Bandung. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. After researching, on average these five travelers implement new strategies, habits and innovations in their companies. Apart from that, it also discusses the marketing of the tour and travel business during the pandemic as well as in the future. The results of this study are that the five tour and travel businesses during this pandemic must continue to operate by implementing business strategies, marketing and also innovating with new types of tourism that have never been tried before, to make business turns that are not in line with their companies.

19

Dwi Rohani, Elisa, and Cerry Surya Pradana. "IMPLEMENTASI PERMENPAREKRAF NO. 4 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG STANDAR USAHA BIRO PERJALANAN WISATA PADA PELAKU USAHA BIRO PEJALANAN WISATA HAJI DAN UMROH DI YOGYAKARTA." Jurnal IPTA 8, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ipta.2020.v08.i02.p04.

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There are not a few travel agencies that move in the field of Hajj and Umrah that do not have business legality, therefore there needs to be supervision and application of business standards for businesses BPW Hajj and Umrah. The business standard of this travel agency not only applies to BPW who are active in inbound and outbound tour packages but this regulation also applies to BPW which focuses on Hajj and Umrah spiritual travel. Even every BPW Hajj and Umrah is required to have a business certificate of travel agency services in order to obtain a permit for The Umrah Ibadah Travel (PPIU). This research will be carried out on BPW Hajj and Umrah who have certified BPW business field in Yogyakarta which aims to see the extent to which standardization of this business can be applied to businesses and what obstacles faced in the application of business standards. This research uses qualitative research method to obtain data and information needed data collection techniques used in this research including Indepth Interview, observation and policy studies. The results of this study showed that the fundamental problems that are addressed by BPW Hajj and Umrah businesses do not have a valid business license, current and adequate, do not have cooperation with outside parties, especially with vendors, often found BPW business which is a cooperation between friends and family members, as well as the lack of socialization of BPW standards to BPW Hajj and Umrah businesses that are more focused on Umrah activities.

20

Ndambuki, Evelyne Mueni, Albert Chege Kariuki, and Jane Bitok. "Influence of E-Tourism Policies on Travel Business Profitability in Nairobi City County, Kenya." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 5, no. 2 (December 9, 2022): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.53819/81018102t2111.

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The new information era has grown drastically overtime with key stakeholders giving considerable attention to adoption of e-commerce. Travel and Tourism businesses have increasingly adopted e-commerce, which has helped to link key market participants thus enabling easy gathering of information for both consumers and suppliers. E-commerce has brought about a revolutionary change in the way Travel and Tourism business is being conducted away from brick-and-mortar operations. This has changed the way consumers make decisions on personalized travel packages using websites to obtain roadmaps, accommodation, activity programming, air fares, restaurants, entertainment and calendars of local events. This study explored to establish the influence of e-tourism policies on travel business profitability in Nairobi City County, Kenya. This study adopted descriptive research design, which employed mixed method of collecting quantitative and qualitative primary data. The study was conducted in Nairobi City, Kenya’s capital due to its robust economy. The study targeted 172 travel agents that use e-tourism in their travel businesses. The study also targeted travel agent professionals whose docket is marketing, ICT and management of travel businesses. Slovin’s formula was used to calculate the sample size of 120 travel agents. Simple random sampling using the list of registered travel agents under the Kenya Association of Travel Agents as the sample frame was used to select the travel agents to be enrolled in the study. Purposive sampling was employed to select three (3) managers from each sampled travel agent giving a total of 360 managers. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data primary data from the sampled managers. A pre-test of the questionnaires was carried out involving travel agents that were not sampled for the main study to determine its reliability. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, modes, means, variances and standard deviations was used to analyse quantitative data using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22. Hypothesis testing using Chi Square test analysis revealed that the significance value 0.484 is greater than 0.05, and hence the null hypothesis is accepted and alternative hypothesis is rejected. This implies that measures e-tourism policies do not influence travel business profitability. The study concluded though e-tourism policies do not influence travel business profitability is critical in the development of e-tourism in Kenya. Keywords: E-commerce, e-tourism, Travel and Tourism business, Tourism Policy, & Profitability

21

Gustafson, Per. "Managing business travel: Developments and dilemmas in corporate travel management." Tourism Management 33, no. 2 (April 2012): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.03.006.

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22

Collins, Darrian, and Clem Tisdell. "Outbound Business Travel Depends on Business Returns: Australian Evidence." Australian Economic Papers 43, no. 2 (June 2004): 192–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8454.2004.00224.x.

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23

Devasena, S. Valli. "Influence of Education on Travel Agencies' E-Business." International Journal of Information Systems and Social Change 5, no. 2 (April 2014): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijissc.2014040104.

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The success of Travel Agency e business depends on the Educational level of its agents. Because a travel agents job involves not only making sales but also gathering information, researching travel products, analyzing options, and making recommendations, for these reasons, travel agents are often referred to travel Consultants or travel counselors. The main products of a travel agency are transportation accommodation and packaged vacations. Airline tickets are the primary products line of most travel agencies. To cope up with the changing environment, education plays an important role.

24

Zotov, E. D. "Organization of business travel in Russia." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 4 (June 5, 2021): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2021-4-73-78.

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The article considers the basic concepts of the system of business tourism in Russia and analyses the directions of its organization. The paper lists the economic and socio-cultural factors influencing the behavior of business travelers in Russia. The author formulates recommendations for the main directions of business tourism, taking into account the factors of the external and internal environment that affect the behavior of a business traveler. The study formulates the requirements of the host party for business travelers and companies organizing business tours. The article determines the factors and conditions of accommodation of business travelers in hotels and places of temporary accommodation. The paper describes the ways of holding incentive events for business travelers in the venues of exhibitions, congresses and business meetings.

25

Elliott, L., L. Cowan, L. Gruer, and A. Hardie. "Business travel and sexually transmitted diseases." BMJ 306, no. 6877 (February 27, 1993): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.306.6877.586.

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26

Burkart, A. J. "International business travel: A new megamarket." Tourism Management 6, no. 3 (September 1985): 224–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(85)90043-3.

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27

Indria Yusman YS, Tio, Ira Puspita Sari, and Debi Setiawan. "Aplikasi E-Business Travel Berbasis Android." Jurnal SANTI - Sistem Informasi dan Teknik Informasi 1, no. 1 (November 20, 2021): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.58794/santi.v1i1.13.

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Perkembangan teknologi yang sangat pesat di era globalisasi saat ini telah memberikan banyak manfaat dalam kemajuan di berbagai aspek sosial. Penggunaan teknologi oleh manusia dalam membantu menyelesaikan di berbagai pekerjaan merupakan hal yang menjadi keharusan dalam kehidupan, salah satunya untuk meraih peluang dan keuntungan. Terlebih lagi perkembangan smartphone yang dapat membantu dan mempermudah berbagai jenis bidang pekerjaan. Permasalahan yang sering timbul adalah waktu konsumen dalam melakukan pemesanan travel dengan berkunjung secara langsung sangat terbatas, dikarenakan kepadatan aktifitas dan rutinitas yang dirasakan setiap harinnya. Maka dari itu agar tetap adannya peluang dalam sisi positif teknologi terhadap penunkang bisnis transportasi travel maka dibangunlah suatu aplikasi berbasis android, yang Saat ini Aplikasi E-bisnis yang dikembangkan digunakan sebagai sarana dalam pemesanan travel secara online berbasis android.

28

P. Krupskyi, Oleksandr, Nataliia Stukalo, Nataliya A. Krasnikova, and Yelina A. Falko. "Franchising model for expansion of the international travel business." Problems and Perspectives in Management 15, no. 4 (December 25, 2017): 230–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(4-1).2017.07.

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The hotel sector of the travel industry is the leader according to the indicator of economic growth, which is observed in both developed and developing countries. Even under the economic instability and global natural disasters, the industry has seen growth in recent years. The franchising model for expanding activities is central to all successful hotel chains.The article deals with the franchising model for the travel business expansion and the economic performance of hotel chains such as Marriott International, Wyndham Hotels, and Hilton. They hold a prominent place in the global hotel business, have a steady tendency to expand their business, hold high positions in the ranking of the best franchises in the world and have been recognized by experts.The main risks for the franchisor and franchisee are determined when making a decision on the expansion of the international travel business, which must be taken into account when developing new markets for hotel chains. The main advantages of the franchising model of expansion, which promote understanding between the parties of the franchise agreement, dynamicize hotel chains expansion and allow for reducing their expenses and increasing incomes.It was found that the growth of net profit and total income in the indicated hotel chains was due to the increase in the number of rooms in franchising and the positive dynamics of franchise income. A more dynamic pace occurred after the crisis growth in revenues from the franchisee compared with the managerial model. A closer relationship between revenues and key financial indicators has been proved when using a franchising model.

29

Derudder, Ben, Jonathan V. Beaverstock, James R. Faulconbridge, Tom Storme, and Frank Witlox. "You are the way you fly: on the association between business travel and business class travel." Journal of Transport Geography 19, no. 4 (July 2011): 997–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2011.01.001.

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30

Chan, Grace Suk Ha, and Basak Denizci Guillet. "A New Revenue Management Framework for Hong Kong Travel Agencies." Journal of Management and Sustainability 6, no. 3 (August 30, 2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v6n3p57.

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<p>Today’s highly unpredictable and competitive global environment has had profound effects on the travel industry. Higher operational costs and reduced profit margins have caused many Hong Kong travel agencies go out of business altogether, the profit margins of Hong Kong travel agencies are shrinking. As this sector shares many features with traditional revenue management (RM) users such as the airline and hotel industries, travel agencies have the potential to enhance revenue by incorporating RM techniques into their businesses. Most travel agencies sell product on behalf of suppliers, and do not own or control their inventories. The adoption of RM techniques could optimize the financial health of travel agencies by freeing them from dependence on commissions. This study presents a RM framework formulated specifically for travel agents. It provides a deterministic model for the business operations of travel agencies.</p>

31

Suresh, Pulla. "A Study on Modern Trends in Cruise Ship Industry." Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 9 - September 5, no. 9 (September 18, 2020): 208–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20sep160.

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In the course of recent years, the overall interest for the voyage the travel industry has posted some of the most significant additions inside the travel industry segment. The consistent dynamism in journey movement, additionally in light of the fact that the expanding number of countries that incorporate travels, as a key item for the travel industry advancement. This new investigation examines subjects simply like the current flexibly and interest for travels qualities and patterns. New component incorporates the association among objections and journey lines breaking down the key elements like enactment, advancement, and thus the financial effect of travels. This presents current patterns in the business regarding advancement, wellbeing and security, manageability and distinguishes the primary lines.

32

Zotov, E. D. "Influence of professional and business goals and the source of financing on the status of the subject of a business trip." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 5 (July 6, 2021): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2021-5-69-76.

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The article considers the main approaches to the definition of the concept of “business traveler” and its relationship with the system of business tourism. The paper investigates approaches to the definition of business tourism and determines the internal subject field regarding the system of business tourism in Russia. The author reveals the main types of business tourism. The study describes in detail the stages of the formation of business tourism in the world and in Russia over the past 30 years of development. The publication formulates the most typical goals of the business travel system. The article analyses the relationship of the business travel system with the MICE industry and its impact on the organization of business meetings, congresses and exhibitions. The paper describes the options of business travel and business travel carried out within the framework of business tourism activities. The author reveals the inner content of the MICE-industry of business tourism. The study gives the characteristics of the main components of the MICE industry. The paper analyses the differences between business tourism and business travel for cultural and entertainment purposes. The author formulates the current tasks of the MICE industry and the business travel system development.

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Hrabar, M. V. "Main Indicators of the Digital Transformation of the International Travel Industry." PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY 3, no. 49 (2021): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2021-3-10-15.

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The article aims at studying current trends and key indicators of the digital transformation of the international travel industry. Due to the digital revolution, travel companies have changed the paradigm of approaches to understanding effective business processes. Digitalization has highlighted unprecedented opportunities for small and medium-sized travel businesses to access new markets, develop new tourism products and services, adopt new business models and processes, enhance their position in global travel value chains, and integrate into digital systems. Both quantitative and qualitative indicators of users’ stay on the Internet are given. As a result, it is stated that as people become employed, they create their own living environment and recreation environment on the basis of their interaction with the Internet. It is proved that travel business operates on a global scale and has an information-intensive nature, thus contributing to digitalization processes. It has been found out that digitalization changes and transforms tourism, provides business with direct access to global markets. It is established that digital economy has a profound impact on travel industry, as it transforms the process of communication with tourists and marketing of travel services, opens new and creative ways of providing such services. Having generalized information of the issue, the author has divided the digital tourism market into two categories. It is justified that the digital tourism market covers all the online transactions and purchases made through online payment or online booking. Conclusion is made that the United States holds the leading role in the digital tourism market. Governments have been found to play an important role in creating an appropriate framework for the digital transformation of travel business models

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Mäkelä, Liisa, Barbara Bergbom, Kati Saarenpää, and Vesa Suutari. "Work-family conflict faced by international business travellers." Journal of Global Mobility 3, no. 2 (June 8, 2015): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgm-07-2014-0030.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the direct and moderating effect of gender and parental status on the relationship between international business travel days and work-to-family conflict (WFC) among international business travellers (IBTs) on the basis of the conservation of resources theory. Design/methodology/approach – The study was conducted among 1,366 Finnish people in jobs demanding international business travel and a moderated hierarchical regression was utilised in data analysis. Findings – An increase in the number of international business travel days and being a parent is positively related to WFC. Women with dependent children experience a lower level of WFC than do men with dependent children. However, a significant interaction effect between international business travel days, parental status and gender was found that indicates that the volume of travel days increases the level of WFC for those women who have children more than it does for women who do not have children. For men, increased numbers of travel days raises levels of WFC, as does having children, but there is no interaction between travel days and parental status among men. An increased number of travel days was least critical for WFC among women without dependent children and most critical for WFC among women with dependent children However, women with dependent children were able to travel to a considerable extent before their levels of WFC overtook those of men with dependent children. Practical implications – The findings indicate that organisations should pay particular attention to developing policies and practices that take account of the family status of the traveller. In addition, to assist IBTs to cope with their WFC, attention should be paid to the intensity of work-related travel. However, gender seemed not to play a particularly important role in WFC, indicating that organisations need not be wary of recruiting both men and women into roles involving international business travel. Originality/value – This is the first study focusing on IBTs WFC that simultaneously takes account of how the intensity of business travel and both gender and parenthood are related to it.

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Anatolievna Kiseleva, Irina, Mikhail Vladimirovich Karmanov, Anatoly Vladimirovich Korotkov, Vladimir Ivanovich Kuznetsov, Mikhail Samuilovich Gasparian, and . "Risks Management in Travel Business: Peculiarities, Types Criteria of Estimation." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.38 (December 3, 2018): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.38.24476.

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The article considers important issues on the security of travel business as a component of the state’s social and economic system and methods of its impact on risks. The major purpose of this article is to identify the main principles that substantiate the peculiarities of risk assessment in the travel business as the main element contributing to the achievement of travel security, as well as to study instruments and types of risks on the travel services market. The study subject is the security of the travel business. The study object is the market of travel services.The development of tourism technologies is the leading trend of the world economy stipulated by social restructuring of the modern society. The Russian Federation has defined the economic task of the state policy related to travel services. This is to turn tourism into a competitive, innovative, sustainable and highly-profitable sector of the national business. Travel business involves a comprehensive system of relations between suppliers and consumers of the relevant services, between travel agencies and their competitors, as well as among business partners. The operation of a travel agency on the market includes the following: selection of a market niche; development of a travel product; determination of the volume of services provided; improvement of pricing formation; expansion of advertising activities; scientific research; attraction of investments; interaction with other companies, and relations with government bodies. Currently methods and models are intensively implemented in the formation and development of travel management systems, which is associated with the increased competitiveness of the products offered on the travel market.The identification of risks in the operation of a travel company can become a guarantee of its successful and well-coordinated activity. It is possible to quickly and timely identify risks of a travel agency by using the SWOT analysis as a strategic management instrument.

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Prokopyshyn-Rashkevych, L. "BUSINESS TOURISM AS A PROSPECTIVE DIRECTION OF TOURISM ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE." Journal of Lviv Polytechnic National University. Series of Economics and Management Issues 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/semi2021.01.086.

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Purpose. The purpose of this research is to reveal the concept of the “business travel” and improve its classification in accordance with certain areas; to analyze indicators of tourist activity, including the trends of business tourism in Ukraine; to identify the features of business tourism development in some regions of Ukraine. Design/methodology/approach. Such scientific theoretical research methods as analysis and synthesis, systematization and explanation have been used to understand the definition of “business tourism” and its classification in certain areas. Methods of comparative and statistical analysis were used to study changes in the structure of tourism and identify trends in business tourism in some regions of Ukraine. Findings. The hypothesis that business travel has the opportunity to be developed in some regions of Ukraine is proven. The tourist situation in Ukraine has been analyzed in accordance with the data of State Statistics Service and Administration of the State Border Guard Service. Having investigated the tendency of business tourism in some regions of Ukraine, it can be noticed an increase in the total number of business tourists, who used the services of tour operators and travel agents during the period 2017–2018. Odessa, Dnipro regions and Kyiv are the centers of different business events, meetings and business interests. There is big amount of already existing exhibitions, fairs and business events which attract both domestic and foreign tourists. Practical implications. The results of this research have practical implications. Some travel companies, located in Odessa, Dnipro regions and Kyiv can diversify their activity, adding business travel as a prospective direction. Also, the state should support business, especially during pandemic period, encouraging safe travel, promoting information to tourists, taking care of the country’s image at both regional and international level. Originality/value. Business travel is considered as a type of tourist activity, undertaken for solving business purposes and also includes cultural and entertainment programs. The main groups of participants in business travel are identified and the most dynamic segment of the business travel market is indicated. The distribution of foreign tourists related to various types of tourism activity is analyzed and the potential for business travel development in separate regions is defined.

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Mäkelä, Liisa, Jussi Tanskanen, Hilpi Kangas, and Milla Heikkilä. "International business travelers' job exhaustion: effects of travel days spent in short-haul and long-haul destinations and the moderating role of leader-member exchange." Journal of Global Mobility 9, no. 3 (May 31, 2021): 434–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgm-10-2020-0066.

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PurposeThe purpose of the present study is to examine the general and travel-specific job exhaustion of international business travelers (IBTs). The study employs a JD-R model to explain general and travel-specific job exhaustion (IBTExh) through international business travel as demand and leadership (LMX) as a resource buffering the demands of international business travel.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted among Finnish service company employees who had taken at least one international business trip during the previous year. The data (N = 569), collected in 2015, were analyzed with path models.FindingsThe results suggest that a higher number of international business travel days is related to a higher level of job exhaustion, especially the exhaustion related to international business travel. Moreover, a high-quality LMX was found to be linked to lower levels of both types of exhaustion. Interestingly, for those IBTs' with a low-quality LMX, even a high number of long-haul international business travel days was not connected with IBTExhOriginality/valueThe contribution of our study is threefold. First, this study contributes to JD-R theory and the ill-health process by focusing on a job-specific well-being indicator, IBTExh, in addition to general exhaustion. Second, specific job demands related to international business travel, particularly the duration of business travel spent in short-haul and long-haul destinations, contributes to the literature on global mobility. This study sheds light on the potential effects on IBTs of different types of business travel. Third, our study contributes to the leadership literature and the importance of acknowledging the context in which LMX occurs.

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Starry, Claire, and Gerald W. Bernstein. "The Economics of Private Business Jet Travel." Business Economics 43, no. 4 (October 2008): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2145/20080405.

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Snepenger, David, and Laura Milner. "Demographic And Situational Correlates Of Business Travel." Journal of Travel Research 28, no. 4 (April 1990): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004728759002800406.

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Easmon, Charlie. "Health and safety aspects of business travel." Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health 122, no. 1 (March 2002): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146642400212200104.

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Rundle, Andrew G., Tracey A. Revenson, and Michael Friedman. "Business Travel and Behavioral and Mental Health." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 60, no. 7 (July 2018): 612–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jom.0000000000001262.

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Sakai, Marcia Y. "A micro-analysis of business travel demand." Applied Economics 20, no. 11 (November 1988): 1481–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036848800000081.

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Van Hoof, Hubert B. "Book Review: Tourism: The Business of Travel." Journal of Travel Research 39, no. 1 (August 2000): 118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004728750003900121.

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Rogers, H. Lynn, and Sandra M. Reilly. "Health Problems Associated with International Business Travel." AAOHN Journal 48, no. 8 (August 2000): 376–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507990004800803.

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Chaccour, Carlos J., Harparkash Kaur, David Mabey, and Jose L. Del Pozo. "Travel and fake artesunate: a risky business." Lancet 380, no. 9847 (September 2012): 1120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60649-7.

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Lyons, Glenn. "Business travel — The social practices surrounding meetings." Research in Transportation Business & Management 9 (December 2013): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2013.03.001.

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Smith, Christopher J. "Developments in the European inclusive travel business." Tourism Management 8, no. 2 (June 1987): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(87)90024-0.

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Spence, Alan. "Business travel europe 2000 — Megamarket or supermarket?" Tourism Management 12, no. 3 (September 1991): 262–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(91)90015-l.

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Abdelghany, Ahmed, and Khaled Abdelghany. "Modelling air-carrier's portfolio of business travel." Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management 6, no. 1 (March 2007): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.rpm.5160064.

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Minnaert, Lynn. "International Business Travel in the Global Economy." Transport Reviews 31, no. 1 (January 2011): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2010.498590.

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