Дисертації з теми "Business contract law"
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Kyselova, Tatiana. "Contract enforcement in Post-Soviet Ukrainian business." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4be4313d-20aa-426d-8ea2-59bab098d588.
Raobelina, Fanjamalala. "L'harmonisation du droit de la vente aux consommateurs dans l'Union européenne : Réflexion à la lumière de la directive (UE) 2019/771 relative à certains aspects concernant les contrats de vente de biens." Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CYUN1267.
The contract for the sale of goods constitutes a lever for cross-border trade in the Union, the European legislator therefore governs certain aspects. Directive 1999/44/EC reformed by Directive (EU) 2019/771 and Directive 2011/83/EU thus include rules common to Member States, specific to sales. The choice of the specific study of these rules is due on the one hand to the fact that, economically, it is the most common contract on the internal market and on the other hand, to the fact that, legally, the sale remains the archetype of the contract in EU law, thus serving as premises and models for European legislation on consumer contracts
Paquin, Julie. "Business law transplants and economic development: an empirical study of contract enforcement in Dakar, Senegal." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=94941.
La création d'environnements attrayants pour les investisseurs est récemment devenu une priorité pour les spécialistes du développement, qui conseillent aux pays en voie de développement d'adopter les « meilleures pratiques » d'affaires utilisés dans les pays développés. Bien qu'on reconnaisse que le transfert de modèles juridiques d'un pays à un autre entraîne souvent des résultats décevants, la question du niveau de compatibilité requis entre les modèles transférés et le pays importateur est le plus souvent ignorée ou considérée comme une question technique relevant de la compétence des professionnels du droit locaux. Dans ce processus, pratiquement aucune place n'est faite au point de vue des utilisateurs finaux des nouvelles normes et institutions. La présente thèse se fonde sur une étude empirique de l'impact de la réforme du droit des affaires relativement en matière d'exécution des contrats. Dans une première partie, les hypothèses sur lesquelles les réformes actuelles se fondent sont examinées à la lumière de contributions provenant de divers champs disciplinaires. Divers facteurs considérés comme expliquant les effets limités des réformes entreprises jusqu'à présent sont présentés. La deuxième partie analyse le contenu de 30 entretiens en profondeur réalisés auprès de petites et moyennes entreprises de Dakar, Sénégal. Les entretiens révèlent que les PMEs dakaroises font preuve d'une grande flexibilité dans l'exécution de leurs contrats d'affaires, et que la qualité des institutions juridiques et judiciaires joue un rôle peu important dans les décisions qu'ils prennent à cet égard. L'environnement général dans lequel elles opèrent, qui se caractérise par la présence de contraintes financières importantes, un haut niveau d'inceritude et une grande interdépendance entre les entreprises, constitue le facteur le plus important pour expliquer le comportement des entreprises. La troisième part
Abader, Mogamad Shahied. "The labour law consequences of a transfer of a business." Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/306.
Abdullah, Atikullah Bin Haji. "A critical study of the concept of Gharar and it's Elements in Islamic law of business contract." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497194.
Cadoret, Vincent. "Réflexions sur les contrats d'affaires : plaidoyer pour une théorie réaliste du contrat." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON10021/document.
Business is not inclued as well in french general theory of contract. Legal research on business contracts seems therefore to be a critical view on that general theory. Throuhg the identification of a notion of business contract, then through its materialization thanks to a realist approach to Contracts Law, legal research on business contracts aim at a method which could get economic reality in legal reasoning. An economic analysis of contract on the one hand and an economic analysis of Contract Law on the other hand express a realist theory of contract, which discuss equity about principles and method of the french general theory of contract and the normative approach of Law. This realist theory introduce a method to explain why and how a judge would choose to throw off general theory's rules to decide on a case, when it would have seemed necessary
Gaede, Georges. "Le pacte d'actionnaires face à la mutation du droit des sociétés." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA111022.
The attempt at giving account of the shareholders’ agreement in view of the contrastingevolution of law ruling commercial and financial companies supposes several steps ofresearch. First of all, it calls for assessing the viability of correlating the two phenomena;secondly it means exploring the implications of this kind of parallel investigation; yetboth should remain inconclusive without a careful scrutiny of their common ground –the logic of contractual arrangements – so as to elucidate the ability of shareholders’agreements to offer a valid scheme of a renewed dialectical process of law versuscontract.From the standpoint of shareholders’ agreements, their very nature makes for theproximity to the contractual sphere, as a crucial factor of their universality. Thisaccounts for their capacity to bridge the gap between Roman-Germanic and Anglo-Saxonlegal tradition, as well as for its polymorphism whose extent and limitations must beworked out by way of a typological approach. In the perspective of legislation pertainingto companies, the process of contractualization corresponds to an obviouscontemporary trend, even if this is not tantamount to consubstantiality.Constituting one of the modalities of mutation to which corporate law has been subject,the above tendency is illustrated by three mechanisms introduced over the last twentyyears – the “Société par actions simplifiée”, the preferred shares and the trust – all ofwhich represent multifarious ways of substituting to shareholders’ agreements differentinstruments of legal practice.In a second phase, beyond the statement of at least partial compatibility betweenshareholders’ agreements and the mutations of legislation, a quest may be pursued inorder to explore the relationship virtually linking together these two phenomena, whichcan be described as encompassing a double plasticity, appearing under two distinctaspects. The intrinsic plasticity, concerning foremost the parties to the agreement,seems to find an adequate expression in stock exchange regulations. This framework notonly allows to take advantage of the imperative requirement of transparency, in guise ofa counterpoise to the requirement of confidentiality, but also, in a context of reinforcedstatutory rules, to test the capacity of shareholders’ agreements to establish an efficientcorporate governance. The extrinsic plasticity proceeds from a more overall conception.Resting upon a specific trait of shareholders’ agreements, it results in a renewedeffectivity in terms of regulation and of jurisprudence, as well as in a more globalprocess of contractual altruism, which afford to shareholders’ agreements anunprecedented capacity of paradigmatic regulation and a renewed conception of law
Ambogo, Mouaragadja Nelly Ludmilla. "La réglementation juridique applicable aux prestations en logistique : entre droit commun et droit sui generis." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMLH03.
The changes that have taken place in the transport business following the appearance of the network company have favoured the growth of new players in the supply chain. As true coordinators of the entire chain, logistics providers have diversified their service offer. From carriers, they have extended their skills to the global control of the end-to-end supply chain, definitively freeing themselves from the transport qualification of the contract that binds them to their customers. Without a legal status, logistic service providers face the silence of the doctrine on the question of the nature of the contract and the legal regime applicable to it. The disinterest of jurists on the issue stems from their ignorance of the logistics whose contours still struggle to be controlled. One of the few solutions proposed is the development of an autonomous status of contracts for the provision of logistics services or the extension of the transport contract regime to these contracts. However, by resorting to the identification of their characteristic performance, it appears that they do not fall under the law of transport but common law, invalidating the thesis of a qualification sui generis
Stricker, Bette Eckard. "The effects of Department of Defense acquisition reform on women-owned small businesses and small disadvantaged businesses." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FStricker.pdf.
Iolovitch, Marcos Brossard. "Efficient breach theory – a análise do rompimento eficiente dos contratos empresariais à luz da legislação brasileira e da law and economics." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/148302.
The current paper examines the efficient breach theory of contracts, from the Anglo-Saxon law origin, according to which, briefly, a contract will only be performed if the costs for performance of the obligation are lower than those incurred for non-performance, admitting, therefore, intentional breach of contract. The goal is, in addition to presenting the theory, check the possibility of applying it in Brazil, focusing mostly on business contracts. Therefore, the work is structured into introduction, four chapters of development and ends with the conclusion. Surpassed the introduction, which explains more deeply the reasons that led to research on the topic, chapter 2 examines the classical paradigms of contractual liability, especially to terminate the contract without achieving its object as well as the applicable indemnity rules in these cases, seeking to compare them with the jurisprudential understanding. Following, chapter 3 provides the theoretical premises of Law and Economics focused on the Law of Contracts necessary to understand, in the next chapter, the efficient breach theory, which is the central theme of this study. In chapter 4 a theoretical and practical approach of the theory under examination will be addressed with its historical origin, development and acceptance of the paradigm, identifying the requirements for its application, potential barriers and also the criticism it has faced to, then, outline what would be the ideal scenario for its application as well as a topic dedicated exclusively to its practical approach and methodology, pointing the elements that should be weighed before deciding to breach a contract. In chapter 5, it is shown the which requirements are accepted, the actual barriers and how they can be surpassed to permit its incidence in Brazil, both legal and non-legal. For closure, the last chapter presents the conclusions reached through the research, indicating the relevant points on the theory of efficient breach and responding to the main question of which answer was longed for, whether it is possible to apply the theory in Brazil, under what circumstances and to what extent.
Dupouy, Sabrina. "La prise en compte des données environnementales par le contrat." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1068.
The notion of environment embraces the “natural and artificial living environment of man” which means “the living space” of the human being. Today the quality of this environment takes on an increasing importance in the legal order. Environmental law, which follows the purposes of environmental protection and protection of the human being, is now investing private law. In particular, contract law seems significantly affected by the level of requirement of environmental quality. In this context, what is the role of a contract in front of growing contemporary concerns regarding environmental quality ? It seems that the environment is comprehended by the contract as an ambivalent element. On the one hand it is indeed a risk against which it is necessary to protect the contracting party and, on the other hand, a value that can be directly protected by the contract. The contract is subsequently without doubt shaped by the parties themselves, as well as by the judge and the legislator to protect the contracting party against environmental risks and to contribute to environmental protection
Horčicová, Iva. "Inominátní smlouvy v obchodním styku." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-81871.
Bianco, Alessandro. "Le contrat de franchise : contribution à une analyse relationnelle." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT3012.
The franchise agreement organizes the transmission of trade secrets and business plans. Given the complex nature of this performance , the contracting parties over time become true partners , so that the franchise agreement acquires a relational dimension. Despite the existence of a relational dimension, French contract law still rule the franchise agreement using the standard cognitive model offered by classic contract theory. Such an approach risks ignoring the real problems that partners can meet , which may lead to the application of inappropriate solutions. The proposal for a relational analysis aims to reduce such a risk. Based largely on the work of the North American contract law doctrine , the relational analysis is attracting more and more French scholars especially because the proposed arguments follow the French legal system's evolution. The relational analysis allows us to understand the franchise agreement's context and propose solutions in harmony with the needs and concerns of contractual partners
Davant, Jérôme. "Les incidents liés à la protection juridique des investissements étrangers en Chine : effectivité des voies de recours." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10050.
The objective of this thesis is to bring insights into the understanding of the evolution of business law in China and in particular on the tools of investment protection used by foreigners in this country. This paper analyses the events related to the protection of foreign investments as well as the efficiency of arbitrative solutions in the case of problems
Shi, Yang. "La réglementation des contrats internationaux en Chine." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010308.
China’s economy has grown significantly during the past thirty years under a policy of socialist market economy. For the purposes of international trade, Chinese international contract law makes reference to western law, while maintaining distinctive features stemming from political influence and Chinese culture. As trade relations with China intensify, foreign and Chinese economic entities are entering into an increasing number of international contracts. In accordance with the principle of contractual freedom, parties to an international contract may choose which law will govern their contract, so as to enjoy a greater degree of flexibility, legal safety or neutrality. This study, based mainly on Chinese legal developments, aims to provide a practical reference on the regulation of international contracts in China by presenting the general principles of international Chinese contracts, and the negotiation and execution of international contracts, as well as difficulties related to their application. It also analyses the manner in which the United Nations Convention applies to international sale of goods contracts, as well as certain cases of refusal to recognize and enforce foreign arbitral awards in China. By dealing exclusively with international contracts related to international trade, this study will provide foreign investors wishing to invest in China with a comprehensive picture of the current regulation of international contracts in China and will allow the parties to choose which law to govern their contractual relationships in order to achieve their objectives and avoid any unpleasant surprises resulting from their lack of awareness of current Chinese laws and regulations
Kacíř, Pavel. "Obchodní právo v Čínské lidové republice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-17070.
Laisné, Muriel. "L'environnementalisation du contrat de bail commercial." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 1, 2019. https://ged.univ-rennes1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/8ec4d199-7f70-412a-a2ff-08bd0bd4d906.
For the past few years, the commercial lease, a contract under private law, has been subject to greening, as the growing trend of being environment-minded when entering into legally binding agreements takes hold. This trend involves increased attention to environmental issues when considering commercial lease contracts and, more specifically, about the role and evolution of the contract. Therefore, we must be aware of the impact of environmental issues in and through the commercial lease agreement. Mechanically, the environment is both a disruptive and a socializing factor in the commercial lease contract. On one hand, there is a massive duty to integrate environmental information, which may involve limits and incoherence’s. Furthering this effervescence of information are issues of contaminated sites and soil causing numerous interferences throughout the life of this contract between lease agreement and environmental law (with public policy legislation on classified facilities, waste and contaminated sites and soil). On the other hand, the commercial lease captures general environmental interests through the rule of law, litigation or interest of involved parties, ultimately leading to environment protection. While the status of commercial leases has always been settled for the needs of the lessee and associated corporate structure, with an increasingly strong public policy and limited contractual freedom, this tenancy agreement is thus geared toward environment concerns. While filling a necessary social function, the lease agreement also acquires an environmental dimension. The effect of adding an environmental concern to the commercial lease is mixed : while likely to present advances for the environment, the lease agreement faces both internal and external difficulties and has a difficulty adapting its model to the environment. Consequently, adopting a resolutely environmental protection-oriented stance, we will identify and suggest perspectives. The relationship between environmental law and contract law is one of competition and complementarity, requiring a blend of economic profitability and respect for the environment. Bringing elements of respect for the environment into a commercial lease agreement is leading to a change in the philosophy of the contract. Respect for the environment forces dialogue and consultation, reassesses perspectives to the leased structure, while the commercial lease brings environmental concerns to a pragmatic model by providing it with a material understanding in structured and proven rental relationships
Huet, Davy. "Le petit professionnel dans ses rapports contractuels." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAD005.
The « small professional » is not so well identified in current contract law. Whether it concerns general laws of contract or special contract laws, neither really have a vocation to specifically appreciate this economic stakeholder. However, if positive law is not attentive to this contracting party, its emergence at the heart of legal relations is not disputed, and as pointed out in European law, it places itself as witness to this outcome. In consequence, it is proposed to study the expression of the « small professional », on the one hand, through the already-known notions of consumer, non-professional and professional, and on the other hand, through related notions of trader and business company. Many areas are affected by the advent of the « small professional » including contract law, competition law and consumer law. The aim is therefore to emphasize the lack of attention to this party. Within the scope of its contractual relationships, the « small professional » is generally considered as a common professional, despite its special status. The purpose is also to present an adaptation of the rules related to its activities. The content of its rights and duties should be strictly analyzed in order to understand, and make them more appropriate
Giaoui, Franck S. "Indemnisation du préjudice économique en cas d'inexécution contractuelle : étude comparative en common law américaine, droit civil français et droit commercial international : application aux avant-contrats, atteintes à la réputation commerciale et activités sans base établie." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D036.
Law statutes and codes lack of a precise definition of the « full compensation » principle, and a fortiori they Jack of rules for assessing compensatory damages. The legal doctrine tries to fil] in the blank by describing the different types of damages awarded, notably in the United States. Yet, the issue remains full when the Joss is certain but its valuation remains complex or uncertain. The assessment of the economic Joss and the calculation methodology for damages are considered to be only matters of facts: trial courts and judges thus retain a sovereign power, resulting in great uncertainty for the parties. Reducing judicial uncertainty requires the choice and creation of a common framework. Based on the results of an empirical law and economics analysis of several hundreds of precedent cases, the dissertation formulates simple and practical suggestions for parties looking to improve their chances of success in recouping lost profits and lost opportunities. It also evidences which improvements of the judicial systems are required in order to actually implement the current right to full compensation. More importantly the research reaches a fundamental nonnative conclusion: economic Joss, compensatory damages and hence, the calculation of the quantum granted should be considered, not as mere matters of facts but also as matters of law. Henceforth, it would be logical that the Cour de cassation ( or the highest court) advises and controls the use of calculation methodology. Each head of damages would thus be legally qualified and the principle of full compensation would be extended in order to better compensate the loss when evaluating its quantum is complex. It finally results that referenced compensatory scales can be practically developed from compiling relevant legal precedents. The introduction of such scales would benefit academics in their debates, parties in the drafting of their contracts and counsels in their pre-trial exchanges. Eventually, judges could use them as tools to assist their rulings. If those scales were to be adopted and shared, they would enable the creation of such artificial intelligence as machine learning which value - notably the predictive value - would far exceed what is perceived today
Yu, Jia Feng. "A study on economic hardship." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2487645.
Diop, Boubacar. "Droit des obligations et droit musulman." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMLH07/document.
The most various demands weigh upon mankind: of a moral or religious, social or political order, of a logical order. Demand in the shape of duty: towards deity, towards oneself, towards others. These obligations obviously do not fall within the province of the law. If the judicial is related to the normative, everything normative is not translated into law. The theme of the study:”Law of obligations and Muslim law” should not be perceived from the perspective of a parallelism that might exist between the two: that is to say a Muslim law of obligations which will be contrary to the law of classical obligations deriving from western legal systems, like the French one. The problem raised by the subject of this thesis is to know how countries proclaiming themselves of “Muslim law”, while greatly influenced by a western model, manage to create a hybrid law? In what ways, by which means, has Muslim law evolved? To answer these questions, it is interesting, if not necessary, to seek on a practical as well as a utilitarian level for the technical means which allow to combine the requirements of the moral rule with the constraints of contractual relations in general, of international trade and of modern economy
Michalletz, Marlie. "Les relations des caisses de sécurité sociale avec l'ensemble des entreprises : contribution à l'étude d'un processus de contractualisation." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020069/document.
Social reorganisation, the « securing » of career paths, easing recourse toward fixed-term contracts, « flexisecurity »... All eyes are on labour law. Its supposed rigidity is denounced as a brake upon employment whereas social security law is paid little attention despite it being of considerable importance. Better relations between social security offices and employers would benefit everyone. Businesses would become partners of varying social organisations. Such agreements could give rise to greater flexibility and competitiveness. A reorganisation of the social security system, although postponed for a long time is now inevitable and is currently being considered. The threshold of three million unemployed has been reached while restructuring plans multiply. The reflections of the working group on the competitiveness of the French economy should be intersected with those entrusted to the High Council for the financing of social security. Proposing scenarios which «pose less risk to work » will determine the sustainability of our social security model
Rasolonoromalaza, Kristina. "Recherche sur le droit du financement des entreprises sociales et solidaires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0572/document.
Nowadays the financing of the social and solidarity economy (SSE) lies at the forefront of the concerns plaguing operators and observers in the sector. Therefore, how can SSE financing be eased by law is an issue that deserves a systemic analysis. The legal framework for SSE financing has been set by peremptory norms of SSE corporate law. French act n°2014-856 of 31 July 2014 on the SSE establishes a restrictive list of legal forms that automatically belong to the SSE: non-profit organisations, foundations, cooperatives, mutual societies and commercial companies under certain conditions. With a view to discussing the peremptory norms which affect the financing of social enterprises, the first section of this thesis gives an overview of the SSE statutes and their scattered legal regime. As a result, the second section provides a sorted review of the access to financial resources, whether they are intended for not-for-profit or for-profit organisations, with or without consideration, and whether they stem from an investment or are provided by a stakeholder. This thesis leads to five series of reform proposals: redefining the SSE for a better earmarking of the dedicated financial resources; revising the peremptory norms that hinder the financial performance of not-for-profit organisations; stimulating investments in the SSE; securing the resources for social enterprises through the assessment of their social impact; perpetuating both state aid regarding social utility and compensations for public service obligations
Briend, Cyril. "Le contrat d'adhésion entre professionnels." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB177/document.
The professional, supposed to be able to defend his interests, by opposition to the employee or the consumer, has proven to also be victim of imbalanced contracts for a few decades. The emergence of powerful private companies in various sectors clearly leads to inequalities between professionals. Our study underlines the difficulty to find the best criterion to identify what a professional weaker party is. It is impossible to say that globally such company is stronger than another because the legal person party to the agreement can hide many interests, which are hard to seize at first sight. Nor can the judge arbitrate prices in an authoritarian way without risking a misappropriation of his part. We shall side for this idea: a business-to-business agreement is to be qualified of adhesion contract as long as it does not give place to adequate bargaining; so the judge has to look the bargaining process and the circumstances preceding the contract. Many criteria can help the judge such as the size of the company, market parts, exchanged words, the good or bad faith of the parties or the efforts they have made. If we consider the bargain analysis as the ultimately rightest choice, we have to contemplate its limitations. It would not be realistic to consider that the judge could always discover every circumstance prior to the agreement. This is why we shall join a system of presumptions - albeit rebuttable - to the bargain analysis, when the difference of size of companies or the disproportion of provisions is obvious. We shall put into light the strategies used by strongest parts to bypass the bargain analysis, such as harmful clauses or internationalization tactics. Thus, we shall opt for high obligatory standards, as well as in national law than in international law. Once the bargain analysis is done, we shall try to suggest sanctions adapted to the concern. The judge, in our opinion, must be able to modify the agreement in a very flexible way, either retroactively or during the implementation of the said agreement. The gravity of various contractual behaviors must lead us to think about a form of criminal law or a "quasi criminal" law in order to combat those behaviors in a more suitable mean. Nevertheless, the protection of the professional weaker part is also to be dealt on a procedural ground. A proceeding for interim measures is likely to face the needs for celerity, which bother the weakest parts for their action. We shall also underline the advantages of a class action, which could overcome the financial issue of the lawsuit. Conversely, the legal security of business will bring us to foster a protection by a soft law system. First Part: The identification of the business-to-business adhesion contract. Second Part: The judicial treatment of business-to-business adhesion contracts
Da, Allada Eustache S. "Le traitement des contrats d'affaires par le droit OHADA." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCF002.
In today's context of constant assessment of international corporate life, corporate law has become a powerful instrument of the economic growth and investment efficiency. In this context, cohesive African corporate law is an ambitious regulation which is inspiring for Africa. Building on its strenghts, OHADA law is meant to be attractive and competitive on the now very competitive global law market, in order to attract foreign investors and strengthen national investments by facilitating and securing exchange and investment operations.Nonetheless, despite strong will and a fully assumed choice to make cohesive law a sort of synthesis of several legal systems, after two decades of existence outcomes remain far from expectations. Whether regarding the promotion of African arbitration law on business disputes or the rise of foreign investment on which the OHADA had high hopes, cohesive business contract law achieves limited success. Moreover, it sees its horizon darkened.These findings elicit a fundamental issue inherent to the pillars of the OHADA contractual temple. Through the prism of business contract processing, one may legitimately question the ability of cohesive law to actually facilitate the course of business, by assuring the security and efficiency of these contracts: does OHADA law theoretically and empirically address contemporary contractual issues inherent to African business life? Should some traditional legal concepts be reconsidered nowadays in African corporate law?By emphasising its strengths, weaknesses and current turmoil, via a critical, prospective and compared approach, the analysis of business contract processing aims to thoroughly rethink the African codification of law
Xu, Mu Chi. "Flexibility versus certainty : a comparative study of choice of law rules regarding contractual liabilities in the European Union and Mainland China." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2112293.
Long, Hylton Ernest. "Implications of current labour legislation for small, medium and micro-enterprises with regard to procuring government contracts." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/29.
Sabadin, Mariana Guerra. "Autonomia privada e licença para mentir: uma investigação sobre a possibilidade de limitação contratual da responsabilidade por dolo." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/14296.
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This master’s dissertation aims at investigating whether the parties to business deals executed in accordance with Brazilian law can evoke the party autonomy to – through the inclusion in the contract of mechanisms imported from the common law – such as representations and warranties, rules regarding indemnification and limitation of liability (generally accompanied by exclusive remedy clauses), entire agreement clauses and disclaimer os reliance clauses –, limit their extracontractual liability for fraud (dolo) set forth in the Brazilian Civil Code and, therefore, create a true license to lie. In view of the lack of judicial precedents on this issue in Brazil, this dissertation analyzes the case 'Abry Partners V, L.P. v. F&W Acquisition LLC, C.A. No. 1756-N' examined by the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware in 2006 in order to (i) comprehend – according to the decision of such Court of Chancery and to the foreign literature that has studied the case – the intended and actual effects of such clauses and mechanisms within the common law system; and, afterwards, (ii) attempt to understand – according to the principles applicable to the formation, conclusion and interpretation of commercial agreements in Brazil (such as the objective good faith) – how the Brazilian Judiciary should conduct the accommodation and/or adaption of such clauses and mechanisms to Brazilian law.
A presente dissertação de mestrado tem por objetivo investigar se as partes de negócios jurídicos empresariais celebrados à luz do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro podem evocar a autonomia privada para, por meio da inserção no contrato de mecanismos importados da common law – como as declarações e garantias, as regras de indenização e limitação de responsabilidades (frequentemente acompanhadas de disposição de remédio exclusivo), as cláusulas de entendimento integral e os dispositivos de disclaimer of reliance –, estabelecer limites à responsabilidade extracontratual por dolo prevista no Código Civil e, assim, criar contratualmente verdadeira licença para mentir. Para tanto, dada a ausência de jurisprudência brasileira a esse respeito, parte-se da análise do caso Abry Partners V, L.P. v. F&W Acquisition LLC, C.A. No. 1756-N, examinado pela Court of Chancery do estado norte-americano de Delaware em 2006. Busca-se, então, compreender – com base na decisão proferida em tal caso e na doutrina estrangeira que sobre ela se debruçou – os efeitos pretendidos e obtidos, no âmbito da common law, pela inserção das cláusulas e mecanismos mencionados acima e, posteriormente, segue-se – de acordo com os princípios que regem a formação, a conclusão e a intepretação dos contratos comerciais no Brasil (tal como a boa-fé objetiva) – rumo ao exame de como o Poder Judiciário brasileiro tenderá a conduzir a acomodação e/ou adaptação de tais mecanismos e cláusulas ao direito pátrio.
Mostert, Charl. "The benefits of contractual causes in mitigating project failures using business system projects." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1778.
This study evaluates the utilisation and effectiveness of contract clauses in Information Technology (IT) and Information System (IS) projects in South Africa to address and mitigate key risks associated with these types of projects. This study established whether specific clauses were being utilised to address key risks, and where clauses were being utilised, whether these clauses were effective in addressing and mitigating the impact of these key risks. The need for the study arose because the researcher had experienced on several occasions in his workplace that contracts which appeared fail-safe during the negotiation stage did not reach the proposed targets, let alone maturity of the agreement. To establish whether colleagues in similar positions in computer-based organisations experienced similar disruptions a quantitative questionnaire was distributed to organisations in the Johannesburg area to gain an insight into their risk profile. Risk could arise from the contract construction and/or wording. Reference was made to the contracts in the engineering environment where standard contracts have been in place for a number of years. Specifically the New Engineering Contract (NEC) of 2011 and the Professional Services Contract were consulted. The study concentrated on four categories of risk identified in a literature review, namely corporate management risk, project management risk, resource utilisation risk and technology risk, which resulted in 42 sub-factors examined. The population of suitable and relevant IT and IS companies could not be definitely established but the researcher made telephonic contact with known organisations and 24 participants agreed to participate in the exercise; 12 service providers and 12 clients of providers, where 78% of participants experienced one or more of the risk factors, and 53% used NEC standard contracts.
Chow, Kam-wah. "Labour contract in China : an analysis of the contractual arrangement of human resources under a socialist market economy /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B15967396.
Mashonganyika, Tendai Julius. "International business law and legal certainty : the need for South Africa to assent to the convention of international sale of goods." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5152.
This study seeks to provide answers on whether South Africa should ratify the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), in the light of promoting legal certainty and International trade. In order to address the main objective, the mini-thesis will seek to answer the following questions: 1. Evaluate the current functional Legal Framework for international sale of goods in South Africa. 2. Establish and evaluate the motivations for both accession and non-accession, including an examination of possible advantages and disadvantages arising from each. 3. Determine if the adoption of the CISG by South Africa will be a solution to the current problems and uncertainties that exist under South African Law with regards to the international sale of goods?
Chow, Kam-wah, and 周錦華. "Labour contract in China: an analysis of the contractual arrangement of human resources under a socialist marketeconomy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31954443.
Janahi, Wafa. "Party autonomy and small business protection in cross-border commercial contracts under EU private international law : a critical analysis of the Brussels I and Rome I regulations." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.686611.
Margerin, Victor. "La reprise des contrats de travail sous le prisme des marchés publics." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0025.
The taking over of the employment contracts is undeniably determined by the business transfer. It is indeed because of such a circumstance that the article L1224-1 of the French Labour Code provides for the French legislation, to take over automatically all the work contracts in progress on the day of the transfer by the transferee. However, this link is nowadays forgotten under a confusion of alternative or specific provisions, providing for the taking over of the employment contracts outside any business transfer. Those developments can be explained by the failure of the European law to standardise the legislation of the Member-States on that particular point. The European law does not want to establish an identical protection and has made the choice to bring an incomplete definition of the notions that make however the gist of business transfer. All in all, each state is free to interpret to its convenience the dispositions of successive directives, under the sole control of the European Court of Justice. This legal cacophony is an opportunity. Indeed, since the topic is so variedly dealt with by different national laws (mainly German, English and Spanish), a comparative study enables to reveal the pros and cons of our French law. The starting point of our reflexion will be the only European consensus on this issue: the loss of a market shall by no means entail a business transfer. From the redefinition of the notion of business to the protection of the rights of both employers and employees, this present study advocates for a simplification of business transfer law
Du, Yun Yan. "Legal recognition and implications of electronic bill of lading in international business : international legal developments and the legal status in China." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2487632.
Nappenbach, Celina. "Parteiautonomie im internationalen Gesellschaftsrecht /." Berlin : Logos-Verl, 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/347547397.pdf.
Neto, Eduardo Hayden Carvalhaes. "Contratos privados da administração pública: uma análise do regime jurídico aplicável." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2134/tde-16082012-153708/.
The execution of legal businesses is essential for the Public Administration. Without it, not only its interaction with society would be precarious, but also could not comply with most of the principles governing their legal regime, as it is not show selfsufficient. In order to formalize such legal transactions, the instrument to used is the agreement. Part of the doctrine sustains that such instruments do not fit properly on the concept of agreement because of its peculiarities when one of the parties belongs to the Public Administration or is exercising function that has been delegated by the Public Power. On the other hand, those who agree with the classification of such instruments as agreements are divided between those who believe that there is a single legal regime for all the agreements executed by the Public Administration and those who advocate the existence of two \"modalities\" of agreements: the administrative agreements, predominantly governed by public law, and private agreements of the Public Administration, which having as subject legal businesses that are typical of the private life, are governed mainly by private law. We agree with this latter view, and because of the scarce literature on private agreements of the Public Administration, we propose to examine them more closely in this study. We have divided this paper into five chapters. In the first one, we will present our initial thoughts on the subject, providing an overview of what the national and foreign doctrine has produced on the subject and how the opinions are divided. Given that agreements governed by private law primarily present most of the characteristics of private agreements, in the second chapter we will analyze the most relevant characteristics of the typical clauses that integrate the administrative agreements. The third chapter, on its turn, is devoted to the verification of the Brazilian legislation and the respective applicable normative provisions pertaining to the private agreements of the Public Administration. In the fourth chapter we will lean over the foreign court decisions that became the landmarks of the beginning of the distinction between the two modalities of agreements of the Public Administration and in the fifth chapter we will present our findings, together with some suggestions that we believe are relevant to improving the handling of this matter in Brazil
Vierling-Kovar, Emmanuelle. "Le contrat de société en participation." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997288.
Mbala, Mbala Marcelle. "Contrats d'Etat et développement durable." Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL20005/document.
Common discussion points between sustainable development and State contracts exist, despite many visible contradictions. They are based on a particular interaction, built up from the beginning through State contracts, which are highly specific agreements and around political and economic necessities of the time, with the notion of development merely as a requirement in the background. Confronted with successive social changes and the lack of an appropriate judicial framework, State contracts developed in a particular way between dependence, independence, interdependence, heteronomy and autonomy. In international business law, the existence of a sustainable development law related to State contracts must be based precisely on contracts, seen as instruments able to set norms, and must benefit from contracts’interactions with a non-contractual environment. That requires another vision of law, constantly renewed and more adapted to current realities
Rebouças, Rodrigo Fernandes. "Contrato eletrônico: considerações sob a ótica do plano de validade do negócio jurídico na formação do contrato." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6026.
The present dissertation in the field of private law aims to bring some considerations regarding electronic contracts from the perspective of the validity of legal transactions (terms of validity), since, in the opinion of the writer, hiring through e-mail is just a question of form and does not have any impact on the categories of contracts nor their classification, which this modality should follow. Although this study is not intended to be exhaustive, it suggests new ways to analyze a contractual type that is quickly becoming the most prevalent in commercial, private and consumerist transactions, as with each passing year the community is becoming more accustomed to electronic media and leaves aside issues of subjective uncertainty in order to effectively conclude such contracts. As for electronic contracts, we propose to conduct the study by first describing the characteristics of such means of contracting and providing a critical analysis regarding the main concepts currently applied by legal doctrine. We will then tackle the issues pertinent to the formation of electronic contracts and the interpretation of contracts by national Courts with the goal of formulating proposals for their validity. This dissertation was written for the Masters Program in Civil Law at the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo, and thereby engages in an indepth analysis of civil contracts and business relationships
A presente dissertação de mestrado em Direito Civil, tem por objetivo trazer algumas considerações sobre os Contratos Eletrônicos, porém analisando-os sob a ótica do plano da validade dos negócios jurídicos (requisitos de validade), uma vez que, no entender do examinando, a contratação por meio eletrônico é apenas uma questão quanto a forma, não impactando nas categorias dos contratos ou na sua classificação, a qual deverá se adequar a tal modalidade. Trata-se de estudo que não pretende esgotar a matéria, porém, sugerir novas análises sobre uma modalidade contratual que tende a, em brevíssimo espaço de tempo, se tornar no meio mais utilizado nas transações comerciais, cíveis e de consumo, uma vez que a cada ano que passa, a comunidade fica mais habituada aos meios eletrônicos, deixando de lado questões de insegurança subjetiva para efetivamente realizar tal contratação. Quanto aos contratos eletrônicos, nos propomos a realizar o estudo iniciando nas características de tal meio de contratação e uma análise crítica quanto aos principais conceitos atualmente aplicados pela doutrina. Na sequência, serão enfrentadas as questões quanto a formação do contrato eletrônico e a interpretação contratual pelos Tribunais pátrios com o objetivo de alcançar propostas para o plano da validade e alguns efeitos de eficácia do contrato eletrônico. A dissertação, por ter sido desenvolvida ao longo do mestrado em Direito Civil da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, tem por objeto uma análise mais aprofundada em relação aos contratos cíveis e de relação empresarial
Zhao, Jin. "Systematische Reform des chinesischen AGB-Rechts und seine Anwendung auf Arbeitsverträge." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22479.
This dissertation examines the possibility of the Chinese legal system adopting German legal practice in controlling the standard terms in employment contracts. German GTB law can serve as a sample for the systematic reform of the Chinese GTB (General Terms of Business). Part I and Part II of the dissertation focus on the reform of the Chinese GTB Law, including the defect of Chinese GTB Law and the possible solutions via the transplantation of the provisions and doctrines in German GTB Law. Part III and Part IV discuss whether the reformed Chinese GTB Law can provide more convincible and harmonized solutions for the problems than the unsatisfied solutions in the current jurisprudence and studies. Based on a dogmatic and functional method, this dissertation finds, firstly, that it is necessary for the Chinese GTB Law to transfer the following provisions from the German GTB Law: prohibition of surprising clauses, criterion for the test of reasonableness of contents, test of transparency and prohibition of reducing an unfair term to its legally permitted core. Secondly, the adoption of the provisions is only the first step to reach meaningful legal transplantation. It is also vital to adopt the concretization of relevant concepts and the methodology of law application. The third finding is that the reformed GTB Chinese Law can help achieve a balanced interest between employer and employees.
Pisani, Federico. "Knowledge workers management. Concorrenza e invenzioni nel rapporto di lavoro subordinato: il modello statunitense." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425914.
This work addresses the issues of competition and inventions in the U.S. employment relationships. The research was carried out in part at the Boston University School of Law of, under the supervision of Micheal C. Harper, professor of Labour Law. The selection of the topic is justified in the light of its importance, given that in the new production organization, based largely on globalized knowledge, employees are now increasingly being asked for professionalism, innovation and creativity. The decision to examine this issue from the perspective of the "U.S. laboratory" is due to the primacy that this nation holds at international level on the economic, scientific and innovation of work processes, which bring out critical issues that in other Countries probably have not yet been raised. In order to frame the above-mentioned topics, it has become appropriate to give an account of the system of regulatory sources in the USA, with particular focus on the Restatement of Employment Law, i.e. the collection of fundamental principles developed over the years by common law in the field of employment relationships. The examination of the sources is followed by the definition of the concept of employee and self-employed worker (independent contractor), necessary for the assessment of the application of the obligations arising from the employment relationships, including the duty of loyalty, involved in the fiduciary law. In this context, the evolution of the case law has been observed, as well as the examination of the criteria relating to the distinction between employees and independent contractors, mainly concerning the judgement on the relevance of the factual elements determining the assessment of the existence of an employment relationship. Subsequently, this study addresses the issue of the typical form of the U.S. employment contract, the so-called employment-at-will. This peculiarity is originated from the principle that the parties are not bound by any obligation to provide reasons for termination. The third part of the work has as its object the discipline of competition of the worker carried out on the basis of the knowledge acquired, legally or illegally, during the relationship and the relative legal remedies for the employer, against the violation of the duty of loyalty, intended as an obligation of the employee to perform the work in the exclusive interest of the entrepreneur and, consequently, to refrain from engaging in prejudicial conduct against the company. About the remedies available in the event of breach of the obligations examined, the legal and equitable remedies that U.S. law offers the employer have been explained. The final part of this study deals with the rules governing the ownership of rights arising from inventions developed by employees in the course of their employment. The definitions of "invention" and "patent" and their relationship in the context of employment law has been examined and the difference between invention as a work of genius and intellectual property protected by copyright has been highlighted. In addition, the mechanisms underlying the basic rules governing the subject matter and their coexistence with the contractual freedom of the parties and their power to dispose of these rights have been observed.
Bueno, André Soares de Freitas. "Common law or civil law : which is best for business." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/37121.
Zeng, Bo-Ran, and 曾柏仁. "The Taiwan Market Reaction to The 2007 China Legislation Overhaul: A Study of Business Income Tax law and Labor Contract Law." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ng555g.
國立雲林科技大學
企業管理系碩士班
96
On Jan. 1 2008, China government implements a lot of legislations and regulation reforms which increase directly Taiwanese firms development cost and managerial problem, including Business Income Tax Law (BITL) and Labor contract Law (LCL). The situation of Taiwanese firms investing China become dependent, we are interesting whether BITL and LCL influence to Taiwanese firms which invest in China. This study uses event study to measure BITL and LCL impact to Taiwanese firms’ market reaction; moreover we make regression analysis to examine how diversification, performance, investment China ratio, entry mode and investment coast ratio influence to Taiwanese firms. Through this study, we hope to construct an essential structure that may provide useful reference of academic and practical purpose. The sample of this research is from Taiwan electronic manufacture listed company. The empirical research result is listed follows. The influence of BITL is positive to Taiwanese firms, but the influence of LCL is negative. The entry modes which invest China indirectly by set company in the third part area is positive related to market reaction, however the relationship of investment coast ratio is opposite. In addition, we discovered the expected effect and overreaction effect. The firms which are performance well will obtain good market reaction prior to event day; however the relation is reverse in event period. The firms who have higher dividend will get positve market reaction after the event period.
de, la Motte LH. "A conceptual model for compliant management systems." Thesis, 2012. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/15907/1/front-delamotte-2012.pdf.
Ebata, Rodrigue N. "La résolution du contrat de vente en droit OHADA : d’une réforme à l’autre." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10367.
The Treaty on Harmonisation of Business Law in Africa signed on October 17th, 1993 created the Organisation for Harmonisation of Business law in Africa (OHBLA).OHBLA organises common rules on resolution of sales contracts. The Book VIII of the Uniform act on General Commercial Law adopted on December 15th, 2010 replaces the previous act of April 17th, 1997. According to article 281 of this uniform act, contract resolution only occurs when there is a partial or total non execution of one party’s obligation. The present study is going to examine one of the difficulties that exist in the resolution of sales contracts in African business law. Our study will consist in evaluating the consequences of substitution of the substantial privation criteria by the seriousness of the debtor’s behaviour in OHBLA sales law. This substitution justifies a unilateral contract termination. This new OHBLA law position somehow distinguish itself from material uniform law and joins a new position socioeconomically more adapted to regional and even international business. Moreover, the prejudiced party will have to determine the gravity of the debtor’s behaviour risking to be punished for lack of motives and according damages to the other party. In fact, in order to save the contract by all means according to the favor contractus principle, how will the judge subsequently determine if the debtor’s behaviour gravity is enough to breach the contract? This new criterion of the gravity of a contracting party’s behaviour comes in replacement of the substantial privation criteria and enhances the cohabitation of the traditional judiciary termination and the unilateral cancellation which is still uncertainly defined. Cases related to contract resolution caused by non-execution of mandatory or accessory obligations in OHBLA law will be carefully examined as well as their effects on contracting parties. In a comparative approach with the Vienna Convention and private codifications such as UNIDROIT principles or European contract law, we will wonder about the use and the consequences of resolution of sales contract in OHBLA law caused by non-execution a mandatory obligation on one part and the gravity of one party’s behaviour on the other part.
Stewart, Duncan. "Trade secrets in New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Business Law at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1307.
Frazer, Linda. "Juridical gyroscopic orientation of transnational business negotiations." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21175.
Dogue, Karel Osiris C. "Jalons pour un cadre de référence OHADA en droit des contrats." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12717.
Donfack, Narcisse Gaetan Zebaze. "The suitability of the CISG and OHADA for small and medium-sized enterprises engaging in international trade in west and central Africa." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21020.
Private Law
LL. M.