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1
White, RM, DJ Kennaway, and RF Semark. "Reproductive seasonality of the bush rat (Rattus fuscipes greyi) South Australia." Wildlife Research 23, no. 3 (1996): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9960317.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The reproductive seasonality of the bush rat (Rattus fuscipes greyi) was investigated in Scott Creek Conservation Park near Adelaide, South Australia, by catch and release trapping conducted at irregular intervals over a 4-year period in a population of higher density than previously reported for this species. A seasonal pattern in breeding activity was observed with the production of young in spring and summer (October-February) with a peak in December. There was seasonal variation in the testicular index of males with minimal values from April to June. Some animals may have retained the ability to mate throughout the year but there was no evidence of offspring surviving from any winter matings. Differences were seen in the timing and intensity of the non-breeding season between years. Possible causes of reproductive seasonality were seasonal changes in vegetative growth and the abundance of fungi and insects and predictive cues provided by seasonal changes in ambient temperature and photoperiod.
2
Frazer, Deborah S., and Sophie Petit. "Use of Xanthorrhoea semiplana (grass-trees) for refuge by Rattus fuscipes (southern bush rat)." Wildlife Research 34, no. 5 (2007): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr06123.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigated the use of the grass-tree, Xanthorrhoea semiplana F.Muell. (family Xanthorrhoeaceae), for shelter by Rattus fuscipes (southern bush rat) in South Australia. Eight bush rats were radio-tracked for 4–8 days each. To identify the understorey shelters available to each animal, surveys were conducted using point-intercept sampling at 2-m intervals along transect lines. Grass-tree density was calculated in each area used by the radio-tracked animals, and canopy thickness of grass-trees selected for refuge was assigned a score; the availability of other potential shelters was also calculated. The results indicated that (1) R. fuscipes preferentially selected grass-trees over other understorey shelter; (2) the grass-trees chosen had thick canopy covers; (3) areas with high grass-tree densities were preferred for cover over areas with fewer grass-trees; and (4) grass-trees provided dense cover and, therefore, concealed burrows and nest sites.
3
McDonogh, Tammy L., Paul P. Thompson, Cheryl R. Sangster, Phoebe J. B. Meagher, and Larry Vogelnest. "Hematologic and Biochemical Reference Values of the Australian Bush Rat (Rattus fuscipes)." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 51, no. 3 (July 2015): 795–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/2014-08-201.
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4
Fordyce, Amber, Bronwyn A. Hradsky, Euan G. Ritchie, and Julian Di Stefano. "Fire affects microhabitat selection, movement patterns, and body condition of an Australian rodent ( Rattus fuscipes )." Journal of Mammalogy 97, no. 1 (October 20, 2015): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyv159.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Resource selection by animals influences individual fitness, the abundance of local populations, and the distribution of species. Further, the degree to which individuals select particular resources can be altered by numerous factors including competition, predation, and both natural- and human-induced environmental change. Understanding the influence of such factors on the way animals use resources can guide species conservation and management in changing environments. In this study, we investigated the effects of a prescribed fire on small-scale (microhabitat) resource selection, abundance, body condition, and movement pathways of a native Australian rodent, the bush rat ( Rattus fuscipes ). Using a before-after, control-impact design, we gathered data from 60 individuals fitted with spool and line tracking devices. In unburnt forest, selection of resources by bush rats was positively related to rushes, logs and complex habitat, and negatively related to ferns and litter. Fire caused selection for spreading grass, rushes, and complex habitat to increase relative to an unburnt control location. At the burnt location after the fire, rats selected patches of unburnt vegetation, and no rats were caught at a trapping site where most of the understory had been burnt. The fire also reduced bush rat abundance and body condition and caused movement pathways to become more convoluted. After the fire, some individuals moved through burnt areas but the majority of movements occurred within unburnt patches. The effects of fire on bush rat resource selection, movement, body condition, and abundance were likely driven by several linked factors including limited access to shelter and food due to the loss of understory vegetation and heightened levels of perceived predation risk. Our findings suggest the influence of prescribed fire on small mammals will depend on the resulting mosaic of burnt and unburnt patches and how well this corresponds to the resource requirements of particular species.
5
Schmitt, Lincoln H. "Mitochondrial iso-citrate dehydrogenase variation in the Australian bush-rat, Rattus fuscipes greyii." Animal Blood Groups and Biochemical Genetics 8, no. 1 (April 24, 2009): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2052.1977.tb01629.x.
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6
Hinten, G. "Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from the bush rat, Rattus fuscipes greyii." Molecular Ecology 8, no. 8 (August 1999): 1351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00701.x.
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7
Hinten, G., T. Maguire, M. Rossetto, and P. Baverstock. "Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from the bush rat, Rattus fuscipes greyii." Molecular Ecology 8, no. 8 (August 1999): 1351–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00701_1.x.
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8
Robinson, A. C. "The ecology of the Bush Rat, Rattus fuscipes (Rodentia: Muridae), in Sherbrooke Forest, Victoria." Australian Mammalogy 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am88004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A population of Rattus fuscipes, in Sherbrooke Forest, Victoria, had a well defined breeding season. Mating occurred between November and January and the young were born between December and February. Juveniles were first captured in late February at approximately 1.5 months of age. The subadult age class displaced the parental age class in the population by the following August, so that almost all animals breeding in a season belonged to a single age class. The degree of home range overlap changed seasonally and could be related to changes in the proportion of amicable and agonistic behaviour judged from a series of contrived laboratory encounters. Diet consisted of both plant and insect material and changes in the proportion of these two components correlated with changes in survival. Measurements of 15 physiological parameters and organ weights, drawn at montly intervals indicated three periods during the life cycle when R. fuscipes exhibited heightened adreno-cortical activity. It is suggested that the development of territoriality in subadults during late autumn and possibly the decrease in abundance and quality of food in early winter, largely determine the size of the breeding population in late spring.
9
Beilharz, Lisa V., and Desley A. Whisson. "Habitat selection by two sympatric rodent species in an alpine resort." Australian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 5 (2016): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo16078.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Conservation of small mammal species relies on an understanding of their habitat use. We used trapping surveys and telemetry to examine habitat selection and use by the broad-toothed rat (Mastacomys fuscus mordicus) and the bush rat (Rattus fuscipes) in an alpine resort in Victoria. M. fuscus occurred at low numbers, nesting in subalpine wet heathland and foraging in that habitat as well as small patches of disturbed woodland. In contrast, R. fuscipes was more common and nested in woodlands. Although foraging primarily in woodlands, R. fuscipes also foraged in all other available habitats. Both species showed strong selection for woodland fragments within ski runs. Although highly disturbed, these habitats may provide important habitat and connectivity between less disturbed and larger habitat patches.
10
Meek, Paul D., Frances Zewe, and Greg Falzon. "Temporal activity patterns of the swamp rat (Rattus lutreolus) and other rodents in north-eastern New South Wales, Australia." Australian Mammalogy 34, no. 2 (2012): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am11032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The activity patterns and partitioning of time by four small mammal species, with a focus on the swamp rat (Rattus lutreolus) in north-eastern New South Wales, was investigated using camera trap data from two studies. Analysis was carried out on 1079 camera trap events over 1530 camera trap–nights or 36 720 h of camera trap deployment in the field. The activity patterns of Rattus lutreolus were distinctly diurnal with crepuscular peaks of activity but this differed between sites and when in the presence of competitors. The Hastings River mouse (Pseudomys oralis) and the bush rat (Rattus fuscipes) displayed typical bimodal patterns of nocturnal activity. Antechinus were mostly nocturnal but were occasionally active during the day. These data indicate that where species of Muridae co-occur, diurnal time partitioning by R. lutreolus may reduce competition for food resources. It also confirms the speculation that R. lutreolus displays diurnal behaviour, albeit dependent on the presence of other murids.
11
Davies, Micah J., and Alex Drew. "Monitoring of small mammal populations in the Brindabella Ranges after fire." Australian Mammalogy 36, no. 1 (2014): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am13017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We live-trapped small mammals in the Brindabella Ranges west of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory from April 2009 until October 2011 to assess population recovery after an intense and widespread fire that occurred across the region in 2003. Three native mammals (agile antechinus, Antechinus agilis; dusky antechinus, Antechinus swainsonii; bush rat, Rattus fuscipes) were encountered. Trapping records and spool-and-line movement patterns suggested a strong association of these small mammals with moist gully vegetation that had survived the fire.
12
HINTEN, G. N., M. ROSSETTO, and P. R. BAVERSTOCK. "New microsatellite markers for the bush rat, Rattus fuscipes greyii: characterization and cross-species amplification." Molecular Ecology Notes 7, no. 6 (November 2007): 1254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01848.x.
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13
McDonald, I. R., A. K. Lee, K. A. Than, and R. W. Martin. "Concentration of Free Glucocorticoids in Plasma and Mortality in the Australian Bush Rat (Rattus fuscipes Waterhouse)." Journal of Mammalogy 69, no. 4 (November 29, 1988): 740–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1381629.
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14
Peakall, Rod, Monica Ruibal, and David B. Lindenmayer. "SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION ANALYSIS OFFERS NEW INSIGHTS INTO GENE FLOW IN THE AUSTRALIAN BUSH RAT, RATTUS FUSCIPES." Evolution 57, no. 5 (2003): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1554/0014-3820(2003)057[1182:saaoni]2.0.co;2.
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15
LINDENMAYER, DAVID B., ROSS B. CUNNINGHAM, and ROD PEAKALL. "The recovery of populations of bush rat Rattus fuscipes in forest fragments following major population reduction." Journal of Applied Ecology 42, no. 4 (June 1, 2005): 649–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01054.x.
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16
Peakall, Rod, Monica Ruibal, and David B. Lindenmayer. "SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION ANALYSIS OFFERS NEW INSIGHTS INTO GENE FLOW IN THE AUSTRALIAN BUSH RAT, RATTUS FUSCIPES." Evolution 57, no. 5 (May 2003): 1182–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00327.x.
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17
Lees, Dylan M., Darcy J. Watchorn, Don A. Driscoll, and Tim S. Doherty. "Microhabitat selection by small mammals in response to fire." Australian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 3 (February 11, 2022): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo21022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Understanding how fire influences animal behaviour, such as movement and resource selection, is important for ecosystem management because it can improve our capacity to predict how species will respond. We assessed microhabitat selection by two small mammals, the bush rat (Rattus fuscipes) and agile antechinus (Antechinus agilis), in response to a low intensity prescribed fire. We used spool and line tracking and touch pole vegetation surveys to quantify microhabitat selection along 21 trails for bush rats and 22 for antechinuses before and after fire. In unburnt areas, bush rats showed positive selection for sedges, logs, and habitat complexity, with selection further increasing in burnt areas for sedges, ferns, shrubs, habitat complexity and unburnt patches. Agile antechinuses showed no significant microhabitat selection in unburnt or burnt areas and no change in response to fire. Their lack of response to ground fires may be due, partially, to their scansorial behaviour and use of tree hollows as refuge sites. Strong selection by bush rats for small unburnt patches suggests that even low intensity, patchy fires such as planned burns can impact bush rats and that high burn patchiness may help bush rats persist in recently burnt areas. Future fire planning should consider both behavioural and population responses of animals to fire.
18
Gracanin, Ana, and Katarina M. Mikac. "The Use of Selfie Camera Traps to Estimate Home Range and Movement Patterns of Small Mammals in a Fragmented Landscape." Animals 12, no. 7 (April 2, 2022): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12070912.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of camera traps to track individual mammals to estimate home range and movement patterns, has not been previously applied to small mammal species. Our aim was to evaluate the use of camera trapping, using the selfie trap method, to record movements of small mammals within and between fragments of habitat. In a fragmented landscape, 164 cameras were set up across four survey areas, with cameras left to record continuously for 28 nights. Live trapping was performed prior to ear mark animals to facilitate individual identification on camera. Four small mammal species (sugar glider; Petaurus breviceps; brown antechinus; Antechinus stuartii, bush rat; Rattus fuscipes, and brown rat; Rattus norvigecus) were recorded on camera (N = 284 individuals). The maximum distance travelled by an individual sugar glider was 14.66 km, antechinus 4.24 km; bush rat 1.90 km and brown rat 1.28 km. Movements of both female and male sugar gliders in linear fragments were recorded at much higher rates than in larger patches of forest sampled in grids. Short term core homes ranges (50% KDE) of 34 sugar gliders ranged from 0.3 ha to 4.2 ha. Sugar glider core home ranges were on average 1.2 ha (±0.17) for females and 2.4 ha (±0.28) for males. The selfie trap is an efficient camera trapping method for estimating home ranges and movements due to its ability to obtain high recapture rates for multiple species and individuals. In our study landscape, linear strips of habitat were readily utilised by all small mammals, highlighting their importance as wildlife corridors in a fragmented landscape.
19
Claridge, Andrew W., David J. Paull, and Ross B. Cunningham. "Oils ain’t oils: can truffle-infused food additives improve detection of rare and cryptic mycophagous mammals?" Australian Mammalogy 38, no. 1 (2016): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am15015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We tested whether an artificial food additive, truffle oil, improved detection of mycophagous mammals when added to a standard bait type of peanut butter and rolled oats used with camera traps. Sixteen mammalian taxa were subsequently recorded, the most common being antechinus, bush rat (Rattus fuscipes), swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor) and long-nosed bandicoot (Perameles nasuta) as well as the long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) and southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus). The only species for which detection rate was improved by the addition of truffle oil to standard bait was the ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus), a species that has never been recorded eating fungi. In contrast, the total number of detections of all species at any given site was significantly higher, on average, using standard bait without truffle oil, as was the average number of detections of the partially mycophagous bush rat. Time to first detection of bush rats and swamp wallabies was significantly shorter using the standard bait type, compared with one with truffle oil added. Overall, the use of the truffle oil additive did not improve the chance or rate of detecting mycophagous mammals. To maximise the number of detections of mammals at camera traps the use of a standard bait type of peanut butter and rolled oats is recommended.
20
Sanecki, Glenn M., Ken Green, Helen Wood, David Lindenmayer, and Karen L. Sanecki. "The influence of snow cover on home range and activity of the bush-rat (Rattus fuscipes) and the dusky antechinus (Antechinus swainsonii)." Wildlife Research 33, no. 6 (2006): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr05012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Radio-telemetry was used to investigate changes in home-range sizes and activity patterns of Rattus fuscipes and Antechinus swainsonii in a subalpine heathland at Perisher Creek, Kosciuszko National Park, southern New South Wales, in response to the accumulation of snow during the winter. We estimated home-range area for each animal during the autumn and winter using two methods, minimum convex polygon and 95% and 50% utilisation contours using the kernel method. With both methods, the home ranges of R. fuscipes and A. swainsonii were significantly smaller (P < 0.001) during the winter than in the autumn. In winter, both species were restricted to areas of dense wet heath close to the main drainage line. R. fuscipes showed signs of social interaction during both seasons, as indicated by location fixes and gnawing damage to radio-collars, in contrast to A. swainsonii, which appeared to remain solitary. In winter, R. fuscipes apparently nested at a single location, whereas during autumn it appeared to use several nest sites. There was no significant change in daily activity patterns between autumn and winter in either species. R. fuscipes remained primarily nocturnal during both prenival and nival periods whereas A. swainsonii continued to be active throughout the diel cycle, although there was a slight shift in its peak activity time from around sunset in autumn to early morning in winter.
21
Bilney, Rohan J. "The diet of a Sooty Owl from Yarrangobilly Caves, NSW." Australian Zoologist 41, no. 1 (October 1, 2020): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2020.025.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT A total of 783 dietary items from a Sooty Owl Tyto tenebricosa tenebricosa with suspected partial xanthochromism (yellow plumage colouration) was identified from Yarrangobilly Caves, NSW. Observations of the owl at the cave and collection of feathers suggest that prey items accumulated between 2011 and 2018. A total of 12 mammal species was detected in the diet, with the Bush Rat Rattus fuscipes, Agile Antechinus Antechinus agilis, Sugar Glider Petaurus breviceps and Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus dominating. The diet also included three threatened species, the Eastern Pygmy Possum Cercartetus nanus, Smoky Mouse Pseudomys fumeus and Broad-toothed Rat Mastacomys fuscus. The diversity of prey identified in the diet contrasts markedly with that found in studies of subfossil deposits from the area, supporting evidence of extensive mammal declines since European settlement.
22
Dexter, Nick, Paul Meek, Steve Moore, Matt Hudson, and Holly Richardson. "Population responses of small and medium sized mammals to fox control at Jervis Bay, southeastern Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 13, no. 4 (2007): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc070283.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
At Jervis Bay, strategic pest programmes to control the Red Fox Vulpes vulpes have been in place on the Beecroft Weapons Range (BWR) Beecroft Peninsula, New South Wales since 1995 and Booderee National Park (BNP) Bherwerre Peninsula, Jervis Bay Territory since 1999. As an integral component of the BWR plan, monitoring terrestrial and arboreal mammals has been carried out and demonstrated a significant increase in the abundance of Common Ringtail Possum Pseudochelrus peregrinus, Long-nosed Bandicoot Perameles nasuta, and Bush Rat Rattus fuscipes. There was no significant change in the abundance of Brown Antechinus Antechinus stuartii, Sugar Glider Petaurus breviceps or Black Rat (R. raltus). At BNP changes in population abundance of mammals were not monitored, but a comparison of the abundance of terrestrial mammals between the fox baited BNP and the adjacent un-baited Jervis Bay National Park (JBNP) showed Long-nosed Bandicoots, Bush Rat and Brown Antechinus to be in higher abundance in BNP than JBNP. Scat analysis further supported this finding (Roberts et aI, 2006), We assert that these combined findings are evidence that terrestrial native fauna have responded positively to continued fox control on both peninsulas, thus proving that measuring prey responses are a positive measure of success for strategic pest control programmes.
23
Fairbridge, D., P. Fisher, F. Busana, K. Pontin, and A. Edwards. "Observations Of The Behaviour Of Free Living Bush Rat, Rattus Fuscipes And Southern Brown Bandicoot, Isoodon Obesulus At Buried Bait Stations." Australian Mammalogy 22, no. 2 (2000): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am00125.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
EXCAVATION and burying of food items is a common behaviour in canids (Saunders et al. 1999). In Victoria burial of poisonous meat baits (containing 1080) to a depth of 8 - 10 cm for red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and wild dog (Canis lupus spp.) control is a standard practice (Saunders et al. 1995; Bloomfield 1999) and is thought to provide some protection to non?target native species (Allen et al. 1989; Staples and McPhee 1995). However, black rats (Rattus rattus) have been recorded taking Foxoff� baits buried at a depth of 10cm (Dexter and Meek 1998) and anecdotal evidence indicates that native rodents will occasionally excavate and consume buried meat baits although the frequency of this behaviour is not known (H. Brunner pers. comm.).
24
., K. Sarpong, F. R. K. Bonsu ., and E. Dartey . "Assessment of Hazardous Metal Concentrations in Organs of Selected Game Animals in the Natural Environment." Volume 5,Issue 1, 2019 5, no. 1 (January 24, 2019): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30799/jespr.150.19050101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study was conducted to determine the levels of hazardous metals in game animals. A total of eighteen (18) animals which comprised six species of three (3) each from the same location were trapped or hunted and sacrificed. Organs analyzed for hazardous metal levels were skin, liver, kidney and heart using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and content expressed in mgkg-1. The statistical analysis was done with Genstat (2007). Results obtained showed that all the hazardous metals under study were present in the organs at variable concentrations. Lead: skin (0.18 – 0.46) mgkg-1, liver (0.03 – 0.4) mgkg-1, heart (0.25 – 0.58) mgkg-1 and kidney (0.38 1.12) mgkg-1; Cadmium: skin (0.08 – 0.58) mgkg-1 and kidney (0.09 – 0.7) mgkg-1; Zinc : skin ( 0.46 – 0.66) mgkg-1, liver (90.04 – 0.82) mgkg-1, heart (0.42 – 1.21) mgkg-1 and kidney (0.43 – 1.58) mgkg-1; Copper: skin (6.13 – 12.57) mgkg-1, liver (5.1 – 9.56) mgkg-1, heart (6.89 - 15.15) mgkg-1 and kidney (7.63 – 24.87) mgkg-1; Iron : skin (9.53 – 26.35) mgkg-1, liver (8.07 -28.08) mgkg-1, heart (13.83 - 46.40) mgkg-1 and kidney (12.43 – 47.61) mgkg-1. Iron was highly (p <0.05) deposited in all species of animals in the heart 19.88 mgkg-1, 46.40 mgkg-1, 40.83 mgkg-1, 13.83 mgkg-1 and 41.38 mgkg-1 respectively for civet (Civettictis civeta), antelope (Antilocapra americana), grasscutter (Thryonomys swiderianus), hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) and bush dog (Speothos venaticus) except the bush rat (Rattus fuscipes) that had its highest deposition (46.71 mgkg-1) in the kidney. Copper was also highly deposited in animals after iron with higher concentrations in heart and kidney. The highest concentration was recorded for bush rat (Rattus fuscipes) (15.15 mgkg-1) in heart and 24.87 mgkg-1 in kidney. Due to bioaccumulation of hazardous metals, care should be taken in patronizing bushmeat obtained from the studied ecosystem since failure could be perilous to the health of consumers as their concentrations are beyond the safe limits for the respective metals. It is further recommended that environmental safety principles for safe disposal of hazardous metals are appropriately carried out.
25
Holland, Greg J., and Andrew F. Bennett. "Occurrence of small mammals in a fragmented landscape: the role of vegetation heterogeneity." Wildlife Research 34, no. 5 (2007): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07061.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Most studies of habitat use by small mammals rely on data from trapping grids. Such studies pertain to habitat use by individuals, which may not reflect population-level requirements. To meet the challenge of landscape change, it is important to understand habitat use by populations across large geographic areas. We surveyed small mammals in 48 forest remnants across a 300 km2 study area, to investigate the influence of vegetation heterogeneity on regional distributions. Information-theoretic techniques were used to evaluate models of vegetation associations. Richness of native mammals was influenced by vegetation condition: disturbed sites supported fewer species. Models for individual species showed the agile antechinus, Antechinus agilis, to prefer structurally diverse forest vegetation, the long-nosed potoroo, Potorous tridactylus, to favour mesic shrub communities, the bush rat, Rattus fuscipes, to prefer complex low cover regardless of composition, the swamp rat, Rattus lutreolus, to favour reduced canopy cover, and the house mouse, Mus domesticus, to prefer disturbed vegetation. To satisfy the needs of all native species, a mosaic of natural vegetation is required. Degradation and simplification of forest vegetation have detrimental consequences. These results highlight the need to consider habitat quality, together with more traditional biogeographic variables, when investigating factors influencing patch occupancy by native fauna in modified landscapes.
26
Lindenmayer, D. B., C. MacGregor, A. Welsh, C. Donnelly, M. Crane, D. Michael, R. Montague-Drake, et al. "Contrasting mammal responses to vegetation type and fire." Wildlife Research 35, no. 5 (2008): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07156.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The response of terrestrial mammals and arboreal marsupials to past burning history as well as a year prior to, and then for 4 years after, a major wildfire in 2003 at Booderee National Park, Jervis Bay Territory was quantified. The present study encompassed extensive repeated surveys at a set of 109 replicated sites stratified by vegetation type and fire history. It was found that most species exhibited significant differences in presence and abundance between major vegetation types. Detections of long-nosed bandicoot (Perameles nasuta) increased significantly in all vegetation types surveyed, in both burnt and unburnt areas. Temporal patterns in captures of three species of small mammals (bush rat (Rattus fuscipes), swamp rat (Rattus lutreolus) and brown antechinus (Antechinus stuartii)) showed a trend for lower numbers of captures on burnt sites compared with unburnt sites. Three species of arboreal marsupials, common ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus), greater glider (Petauroides volans) and common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), were moderately common and all showed marked differences in abundance between vegetation types. Whereas P. peregrinus and P. volans exhibited a temporal decline between 2003 and 2006, T. vulpecula exhibited a general increase from 2003 levels. However, arboreal marsupial responses did not appear to be directly fire related.
27
Parrott, Marissa L., Simon J. Ward, Peter D. Temple-Smith, and Lynne Selwood. "Effects of drought on weight, survival and breeding success of agile antechinus (Antechinus agilis), dusky antechinus (A. swainsonii) and bush rats (Rattus fuscipes)." Wildlife Research 34, no. 6 (2007): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07071.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Extreme weather conditions, such as drought, significantly decrease the survival and breeding success of numerous species. Despite the frequent occurrence of such conditions in Australia, little is known about the effects of changing environmental conditions on the native small mammals. This study, conducted from 2002 to 2004, focussed on sympatric wild populations of the agile antechinus (Antechinus agilis), with more limited information on the dusky antechinus (A. swainsonii) and the bush rat (Rattus fuscipes). Bodyweights of agile antechinus before and during the breeding season were significantly lower in 2003 (drought) than in 2002 or 2004. Survival of female agile antechinus and the number of young per litter also decreased significantly during drought. In contrast, the dusky antechinus showed no difference in mean bodyweights between years, high survival rates of females and similar litter sizes in 2002 and 2003. There was also no difference in bodyweight of bush rats between years. Low rainfall was recorded during pregnancy and lactation in the agile antechinus, but rainfall was higher during pregnancy and lactation in the dusky antechinus. The survival and breeding success of the agile antechinus may have been adversely affected by a combination of interspecific competition, timing of the breeding season and severity of the drought.
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MACQUEEN, P. E., J. A. NICHOLLS, S. L. HAZLITT, and A. W. GOLDIZEN. "Gene flow among native bush rat,Rattus fuscipes(Rodentia: Muridae), populations in the fragmented subtropical forests of south-east Queensland." Austral Ecology 33, no. 5 (August 2008): 585–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2008.01879.x.
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Free, C. L., and L. K.-P. Leung. "How effective are grid trapping, oil cards and track boards in monitoring bush rat populations?" Australian Mammalogy 29, no. 2 (2007): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am07019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Monitoring populations is a key component of wildlife conservation and management. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of abundance indices used for estimating populations of the bush rat Rattus fuscipes. The study was conducted on Fraser Island, Queensland, Australia. A trapping grid consisting of 5 x 5 trap stations, 20 m apart, was used because this configuration was typical of those used for small mammal trapping in Australia. Capture-recapture data were collected from trapping 18 grids over four consecutive nights, immediately followed by two consecutive nights of conducting oil card and track indices. On 11 grids, model Mb was selected by the CAPTURE model selection procedure, indicating increased capture probability after first capture (trap-happy). The estimated trappable population size (�) on these grids was not precise with the standard error on average being 28% of �. On the other seven grids, the number of animals caught was too small (<3) to estimate model parameters.. The main problem of the grid trapping was that some grids caught too few animals to estimate �. Our data suggest that the minimum grid area for estimating useful � is one that would catch more than 8 individuals. The minimum grid area varies depending on the density of rats and should be determined by a pilot trapping study. The number of trapping occasions can be increased until a specific precision of � is reached. The correlation between track index and � was near the 0.05 significance level indicating tracks are potentially a reliable index for monitoring bush rat populations. The oil card index was not significantly correlated with �.
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Hinten, G., F. Harriss, M. Rossetto, and P. R. Braverstock. "Genetic variation and island biogreography: Microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA variation in island populations of the Australian bush rat, Rattus fuscipes greyii." Conservation Genetics 4, no. 6 (2003): 759–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:coge.0000006113.58749.ac.
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Nowack, Julia, and Christopher Turbill. "Survivable hypothermia or torpor in a wild-living rat: rare insights broaden our understanding of endothermic physiology." Journal of Comparative Physiology B 192, no. 1 (October 19, 2021): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00360-021-01416-3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractMaintaining a high and stable body temperature as observed in endothermic mammals and birds is energetically costly. Thus, it is not surprising that we discover more and more heterothermic species that can reduce their energetic needs during energetic bottlenecks through the use of torpor. However, not all heterothermic animals use torpor on a regular basis. Torpor may also be important to an individual’s probability of survival, and hence fitness, when used infrequently. We here report the observation of a single, ~ 5.5 h long hypothermic bout with a decrease in body temperature by 12 °C in the native Australian bush rat (Rattus fuscipes). Our data suggest that bush rats are able to rewarm from a body temperature of 24 °C, albeit with a rewarming rate lower than that expected on the basis of their body mass. Heterothermy, i.e. the ability to withstand and overcome periods of reduced body temperature, is assumed to be an evolutionarily ancestral (plesiomorphic) trait. We thus argue that such rare hypothermic events in species that otherwise appear to be strictly homeothermic could be heterothermic rudiments, i.e. a less derived form of torpor with limited capacity for rewarming. Importantly, observations of rare and extreme thermoregulatory responses by wild animals are more likely to be discovered with long-term data sets and may not only provide valuable insight about the physiological capability of a population, but can also help us to understand the constraints and evolutionary pathways of different phenologies.
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Lindenmayer, D. B., R. D. Incoll, R. B. Cunningham, M. L. Pope, C. F. Donnelly, C. I. MacGregor, C. Tribolet, and B. E. Triggs. "Comparison of hairtube types for the detection of mammals." Wildlife Research 26, no. 6 (1999): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr99009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We compare detection rates of different species of mammals by three types of hairtubes in both the mountain ash forests of the central highlands of Victoria and a range of wet forest types at Tumut in southern New South Wales. The types of hairtubes were a small-diameter PVC pipe, a large-diameter PVC pipe and a newly constructed tapered hair funnel. Data were analysed for brown antechinus (Antechinus stuartii), bush rat (Rattus fuscipes), common wombat (Vombatus ursinus), swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor) and common and mountain brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula and T. caninus). The most effective hairtube type (i.e. the one yielding the highest number of detections) varied between species: small hairtubes forR. fuscipes, hair funnels for Trichosurus spp., and large hairtubes for V. ursinus and W. bicolor. For A. stuartii, the most effective hairtube type differed between the two study regions (hair funnels in Victoria and small hairtubes at Tumut). Detection by more than one hairtube type at a given plot was uncommon. Our findings have important implications for field surveys and how data gathered from such studies are interpreted. For example, if the aim of field survey is to detect a wide range of species then several types of hairtubes may need to be deployed.
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Bennett, AF. "Microhabitat use by the long-nosed potoroo, Potorous tridactylus, and other small mammals in remnant forest vegetation, south-western Victoria." Wildlife Research 20, no. 3 (1993): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9930267.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Microhabitat use by the long-nosed potoroo, Potorous tridactylus, and six other species of small mammal was studied in remnant forest vegetation in south-western Victoria, Australia. Throughout its geographic range, P. tridactylus is consistently associated with dense vegetation in the ground and shrub strata. However, at a local scale, captures of P. tridactylus were not clearly associated with a particular floristic group, and were not strongly correlated with any structural feature of the vegetation. Rather, individuals utilised a range of sites of differing floristic composition and vegetation density. Dense cover provided diurnal shelter and protection from predators, whereas food resources were most abundant in adjacent more open areas. The use of vegetation mosaics or ecotones that allow the inclusion of contrasting microhabitats within an individual home range appears to be characteristic of potoroids in temperate environments. Such mosaics may result from topographic or edaphic variation, or from sera1 successional stages in vegetation following disturbance. Of the other small mammals, the bush rat, Rattus fuscipes, and the brown antechinus, Antechinus stuartii, favoured floristic groups that provided dense low cover. Captures of the swamp rat, Rattus lutreolus, were clumped, and centred on several sites along the forest edge on impeded drainage where potential foods were common. The long-nosed bandicoot, Perameles nasuta, and the southern brown bandicoot, Isoodon obesulus, were uncommon and clear microhabitat preferences were not displayed. The house mouse, Mus musculus, was of transient occurrence, mostly during autumn, and no obvious habitat preference was apparent. The quality and availability of microhabitats in remnant vegetation, together with landscape structure, are important in ensuring the persistence and conservation of small mammals in fragmented landscapes.
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Cunningham, R. B., D. B. Lindenmayer, C. MacGregor, S. Barry, and A. Welsh. "Effects of trap position, trap history, microhabitat and season on capture probabilities of small mammals in a wet eucalypt forest." Wildlife Research 32, no. 8 (2005): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr04069.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, we use data drawn from a series of trapping events on four 0.5-ha trapping grids surveyed in the wet eucalypt forests of central Victoria, south-eastern Australia, to identify relationships between capture probabilities and several factors of interest for three species of small mammals that are common throughout the forests of this region: the agile antechinus (Antechinus agilis), the dusky antechinus (Antechinus swainsonii) and the bush rat (Rattus fuscipes). The design of our study – four regular trapping grids – generated spatio-temporal data with binary responses and many covariates. We used powerful and relatively new statistical methodology to deal with the spatio-temporal dependence patterns in the data – analytical problems that are common in trapping data such as these modelled here. Although A. agilis, A. swainsonii and R. fuscipes are among the best studied mammals in Australia, our data analysis produced new perspectives on their probability of being captured. In particular, we quantified how capture probability is affected by trap position within a trapping grid, day of capture in a sequence of trapping days, history of trap occupancy over time by different species and sexes of those species, time of the year or season, and microhabitat attributes. Our insights are discussed in terms of their consequences for trapping protocols that might be applied in the field.
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Hohnen, Rosemary, Brett P. Murphy, Sarah M. Legge, Chris R. Dickman, and John C. Z. Woinarski. "Uptake of ‘Eradicat’ feral cat baits by non-target species on Kangaroo Island." Wildlife Research 47, no. 8 (2020): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr19056.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract ContextPredation by feral cats (Felis catus) threatens a range of vertebrate species across Australia, and cat-free islands increasingly act as safe havens for biodiversity. A feral cat eradication program has begun on Kangaroo Island (4405km2) in South Australia, and poison baiting is likely to be one of the main methods used. Aims Here, we trial a non-toxic version of a cat bait, ‘Eradicat’, on western Kangaroo Island, to examine its potential impact on non-target species. MethodsNon-toxic baits containing the biomarker Rhodamine B were deployed across four sites in early August and late November in 2018, with bait take and consumption assessed both by remote cameras and by the presence of Rhodamine B in mammalian whisker samples taken post-baiting. Key resultsCats encountered baits on very few occasions and took a bait on only one occasion in August (<1% of 576 baits deployed). Non-target species accounted for over 99% of identifiable bait takes. In both seasons, >60% of all baits laid was taken by either the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), bush rat (Rattus fuscipes) or Australian raven (Corvus coronoides). In November, Rosenberg’s goanna (Varanus rosenbergi) and southern brown bandicoot (south-eastern subspecies; Isoodon obesulus obesulus), listed nationally as Endangered, also took baits (3% and 1% respectively). The Kangaroo Island dunnart (Sminthopsis fuliginosus aitkeni), listed nationally as endangered, approached a bait on only one occasion, but did not consume it. Evidence of bait consumption was visible in the whiskers of captured common brushtail possums (100% of post-baiting captured individuals in August, 80% in November), bush rats (59% in August and 50% in November), house mice (Mus musculus) (45% in November) and western pygmy-possums (Cercartetus concinnus) (33% in November). ConclusionsAlthough feral cat baiting has the potential to significantly benefit wildlife on Kangaroo Island, impacts on non-target species (particularly the bush rat and common brushtail possum) may be high. ImplicationsAlternative cat baits, such as those containing a toxin to which native species have a higher tolerance or that are less readily consumed by native wildlife, will be more appropriate.
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Mills, D. J., B. Harris, A. W. Claridge, and S. C. Barry. "Efficacy of hair-sampling techniques for the detection of medium-sized terrestrial mammals. I. A comparison between hair-funnels, hair-tubes and indirect signs." Wildlife Research 29, no. 4 (2002): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr01031.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We compared the efficacy of two different designs of hair-tube for detecting medium-sized, terrestrial marsupials in a range of forest types in south-east New South Wales. The two designs compared were a large-diameter PVC pipe (large hair-tube) and a tapered hair-funnel. In addition, the relative abundance of forage-diggings of the same marsupials was estimated simultaneously in order to provide an independent assessment of their distribution within the same study area. Only two hair-tubes out of 620 contained hair that could be attributed to the target fauna, both from the long-nosed bandicoot (Perameles nasuta). This was despite the widespread occurrence of forage-diggings at all of the 31 transects that were surveyed. Only two species of mammal, the agile antechinus (Antechinus agilis) and the bush rat (Rattus fuscipes), were detected in sufficient quantity to enable statistical analysis comparing the efficacy of the two hair-tube types. For R. fuscipes the large hair-tube was significantly more effective than the hair-funnel. Conversely, the hair-funnel was significantly more effective in detecting A. agilis than the large hair-tube. Our results suggest that both designs of hair-tube, in their current form, are ineffective for surveying for medium-sized terrestrial marsupials. We see three important issues regarding hair-tube design and implementation that require more attention before this technique can be considered an effective surveying tool: hair-tube morphology, the material used to capture hair, and bait type.
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Cribb, T. H., and D. M. Spratt. "Coryphogonimus aglaos n. g., n. sp. (Digenea: Prosthogonimidae) from the Australian bush rat, Rattus fuscipes (Rodentia: Muridae), with notes on other prosthogonimids from Australian mammals." Systematic Parasitology 16, no. 1 (April 1990): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00009602.
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Carlile, Nicholas, David Priddel, Tony D. Auld, and David A. Morrison. "Determining the factors affecting seed germination in Livistona australis (Arecaceae) for the recovery of fragmented populations." Australian Journal of Botany 60, no. 7 (2012): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt12056.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Understanding seed germination and seedling recruitment is important for managing long-lived plant species, particularly palms that are transplanted from the wild and where regeneration is suppressed by seed predators and exotic herbivores. Seed viability, the timing of germination, and the factors influencing germination were investigated for the cabbage tree palm, Livistona australis (R.Br.) Mart. Greenhouse studies were combined with in situ experiments conducted on the Australian mainland and on a nearby mammal-free island. Under greenhouse conditions, >90% of seed germinated within 4 months. In the field, burial rather than surface sowing of seed increased germination success. Seed without mesocarp and in sunlight had increased germination when compared with fruits in shade on the island, whereas neither presence/absence of mesocarp or light levels had any effect on the mainland. Germination success was substantially lower on the mainland, primarily because of high seed predation from the native bush rat, Rattus fuscipes. When caged to exclude vertebrates, 44% of seed were damaged over time by pathogens and invertebrates, with losses greater in sunlight than in shade. Results from the present study indicate that freshly buried seed with the mesocarp removed would have the greatest potential success in promoting the restoration of L. australis at degraded sites.
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Lunney, D., and E. Ashby. "Population-Changes in Sminthopsis-Leucopus (Gray) (Marsupialia, Dasyuridae), and Other Small Mammal Species, in Forest Regenerating From Logging and Fire Near Bega, New-South-Wales." Wildlife Research 14, no. 3 (1987): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9870275.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A population of the white-footed dunnart Sminthopsis leucopus was studied from 1981 to 1983 in a forest that had been logged in 1979, burnt in 1980, and was drought-affected throughout the study. S. leucopus bred in this disturbed habitat but did not persist when the vegetation regrew and became dense. Pouch young were present in August, September and October 1981. There was no evidence of polyoestry in the field, although breeding potential may have been suppressed by a combination of the drought and habitat change. There were few brown antechinus Antechinus stuartii present at any time. The population of the bush rat Rattus fuscipes increased as its preferred habitat of dense vegetation grew. An irruption of the house mouse Mus rnusculus in autumn 1982 coincided with a brief respite from the drought. The differing responses of these species to the same set of environmental conditions illustrates that no one management option in such forests will be optimal for all species of small mammals. The conclusion drawn here for the conservation of S. leucopus in forests subject to woodchip logging and fire is to stagger the forestry operations to ensure that not all parts of the forest are covered with dense regrowth at any one time.
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TORY, M. K., T. W. MAY, P. J. KEANE, and A. F. BENNETT. "Mycophagy in small mammals: A comparison of the occurrence and diversity of hypogeal fungi in the diet of the long-nosed potoroo Potorous tridactylus and the bush rat Rattus fuscipes from southwestern Victoria, Australia." Austral Ecology 22, no. 4 (December 1997): 460–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1997.tb00697.x.
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Hayata, Hayata, Nasamsir Nasamsir, and Robi Aldinardo. "INTENSITAS SERANGAN HAMA TIKUS BELUKAR (Rattus sp) PADA TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) MENGHASILKAN DI KEBUN RAKYAT DESA SUKO AWIN JAYA KABUPATEN MUARO JAMBI." Jurnal Media Pertanian 6, no. 2 (October 6, 2021): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jagro.v6i2.126.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cultivation of oil palm is inseparable from pests. One of the main pests that attack oil palm plants is the rat class which can cause oil palm plantations get a high losses. The aim of this study was to determine the attacktion intensity of the bush rat (Rattus sp) in Oil Palm smallholder at Suko Awin Jaya Village, Muaro Jambi Regency. The research was carried out from February to April 2021 at the oil palm smallholder specifically farmer group“Ridho Ilahi”. The experimental design was unformated trials, and the location was purposively chosen. The location determination of the sample was based on to the initial survey that there was found rats attacktion in this place. Sampling was carried out concurrently at the time fresh fruit bunches harvesting, fruit counting in the bunch, counting the number of fruits eaten by rats, counting good fruit (free from rat pest attacks), and weighing the weight of fresh fruit bunches. Parameters observed were the attacktion level in the land, attacktion intensity, production per hectare, environmental sanitation conditions. The rats attacktion rate of 100%, means that all sample in one stretch of plantation have been attackted by rats, it was indicated by a bite scars on the harvested fresh fruit bunches. The attacktion intensity of the bush rat pest was 23%. The average production was 21.6 tons/hectare/year. The sanitation conditions on the land was partially overgrown with weeds and there were piles of midrib in the area between the certain two path of oil palm tree.
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Yuneldi, Rizki Fitrawan, Tyas Rini Saraswati, and Enny Yusuf Wachidah Yuniwarti. "Profile of SGPT and SGOT on Male Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Hyperglycemic After Giving Insulin Leaf Extract (Tithonia diversifolia)." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 10, no. 3 (December 19, 2018): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i3.5516.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The leaves of insulin (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray) are native bush plants from Central America. This plant in Indonesia is often called paitan or kembang bulan. The aim of this research was to know the profile of SGPT and SGOT of male white rat (Rattus norvegicus L.) hyperglycemic after giving insulin leaf extract (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray). This study used 20 male Wistar rats which were divided randomly into 5 groups of treatment. Those were P0 as a group of rats which was not given alloxan and insulin leaf extract, P1 as a group of rats which was given alloxan without insulin leaf extract, P2 as a group of rats which was given alloxan and glibenclamide 2 mg/Body Weight (BW)/day, P3 as a group of rats which was given alloxan and insulin leaf extract 30 mg/BW/day, P4 as a group of rats which was given alloxan and insulin leaf extract 60 mg/BW/day. Each treatment was repeated as many as 4 replications. The results of this study indicated that there was no significant differences in all variables, namely levels of SGPT, SGOT, liver weight, body weight and Hepatosomatic index (HSI), so it can be concluded that giving insulin leaf extract (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray) of 30 mg/BW/day and 60 mg/BW/day could improve liver function of hyperglycemic male white rats (R. norvegicus L.).
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Gracanin, Ana, and Katarina M. Mikac. "Camera traps reveal overlap and seasonal variation in the diel activity of arboreal and semi-arboreal mammals." Mammalian Biology, February 24, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00218-y.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractOur study aimed to investigate seasonal variation in the activity of arboreal and semi-arboreal mammals and investigate their overlap in temporal activity, as well temporal shifts in activity because of behavioural interference. In our camera trapping study in a fragmented landscape in south-eastern Australia, a total of ten arboreal and semi-arboreal species were found, with 35,671 independent observations recorded over 6517 camera trap nights. All species were found to be nocturnal; however, a notable number of daytime observations were made for several species (i.e. brown antechinus, Antechinus stuartii; sugar glider, Petaurus breviceps; bush rat, Rattus fuscipes; brown rat, Rattus norvegicus). Seasonal variations in diel activity were observed through an increase in crepuscular activity in spring and summer for antechinus, sugar gliders, brown rats, brushtail possums, Trichosurus vulpecula and ringtail possums, Pseudocheirus peregrinus. Diel activity overlap between species was high, that is 26/28 species comparisons had overlap coefficients (Δ) > 0.75. The species pair with the least amount of overlap was between southern bobucks, Trichosurus cunninghami and brown antechinus (Δ4 = 0.66). The species pair with the most overlap was between the native sugar glider and introduced brown rat (Δ4 = 0.93). When comparing the activity of sugar gliders in sites with low and high abundance of brown rats, sugar gliders appear to shift their activity relative to the brown rats. Similarly, behavioural interference was also observed between antechinus and sugar gliders, and when comparing sites of low and high abundance of sugar glider, antechinus had a shift in activity. Our work provides some of the first quantification of temporal patterns for several of the species in this study, and the first for a community of arboreal and semi-arboreal mammals. Our results indicate that some shifts in behaviour are potentially occurring in response to behavioural interference, allowing for coexistence by means of temporal partitioning.
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Dickman, Christopher R., and David C. D. Happold. "Demographic and dietary responses of small mammals to high severity fire." Australian Zoologist, May 9, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2022.018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Populations of many animal species decline after fire, with some individuals killed during the fire and others succumbing to impoverished conditions in the post-fire environment. For individuals that survive a fire, an ability to exploit scarce resources in the burnt landscape is particularly important. In this study, we compared the numbers, survival and diets of three species of small mammal at two sites in tall open-forest in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. The first site was subjected to a high severity experimental fire in February 1980, while the second nearby site was unburnt and served as a control. Relative numbers and survival of the Agile Antechinus (Antechinus agilis) and Mainland Dusky Antechinus (A. mimetes) declined post-fire and remained lower than in the control site until spring 1980 when populations at both sites crashed following the post-mating death of males. These patterns reversed for A. mimetes in 1981 and 1982 and for A. agilis in 1982, with numbers and survival then being higher in the burnt than in the control site. Relative numbers of the Bush Rat (Rattus fuscipes) increased in a similar manner in both sites until the end of the study after 29 months, and monthly survival remained high throughout. The diets of the three species were similar between the control and burnt site before the fire. In the four months post-fire the diets of the two Antechinus species in the burnt site contained fewer ground-dwelling invertebrates compared with the control, whereas the dietary diversity of R. fuscipes in the burnt site increased due to increased consumption of food groups such as grasses and ferns that otherwise were seldom eaten. The dietary diversity of all species was similar between the two sites 12–16 months post-fire. The results suggest that the fire had short-term effects on the two species of Antechinus, most likely by depleting populations of their prey, while the demography of R. fuscipes was scarcely affected by fire owing to its ability to switch food groups within its already omnivorous diet. Dietary flexibility may be an important but often overlooked mechanism facilitating species’ persistence in post-fire environments.
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Gracanin, Ana, Todd E. Minchinton, and Katarina M. Mikac. "Estimating the density of small mammals using the selfie trap is an effective camera trapping method." Mammal Research, July 22, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13364-022-00643-5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Camera trapping to study wildlife allows for data collection, without the need to capture animals. Traditionally, camera traps have been used to target larger terrestrial mammal species, though recently novel methods and adjustments in procedures have meant camera traps can be used to study small mammals. The selfie trap (a camera trapping method) may present robust sampling and ecological study of small mammals. This study aimed to evaluate the selfie trap method in terms of its ability to detect species and estimate population density. To address this aim, standard small mammal live trapping was undertaken, immediately followed by camera trapping using the selfie trap. Both methods were set to target the arboreal sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) and semi-arboreal brown antechinus (Antechinus stuartii). The more ground-dwelling bush rat (Rattus fuscipes) was also live trapped and recorded on camera. Across four survey areas, the probability of detection for each of the three species was higher for selfie traps than for live trapping. Spatially explicit capture-recapture models showed that selfie traps were superior at estimating density for brown antechinus and sugar gliders, when compared to simulated live trapping data. Hit rates (number of videos per various time intervals) were correlated with abundance. When correlating various hit rate intervals with abundance, the use of 10-min hit rate was best for predicting sugar glider abundance (R2 = 0.94). The abundance of brown antechinus was estimated from selfie traps using a 24-h hit rate as a predictor (R2 = 0.85). For sugar gliders, the selfie trap can replace live trapping as individuals can be identified through their unique facial stripes and natural ear scars, and thus used in capture-recapture analysis. This method may be useful for monitoring the abundance of other small mammal species that can also be individually recognized from photographs.
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Lindenmayer, David, David Blair, Lachlan McBurney, Sam Banks, and Elle Bowd. "Ten years on – a decade of intensive biodiversity research after the 2009 Black Saturday wildfires in Victoria’s Mountain Ash forest." Australian Zoologist, November 11, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2020.041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT The catastrophic 2009 wildfires in the Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans) forests of the Central Highl&s of Victoria provided an opportunity to gain new insights into the responses to fire by various elements of the biota. Ongoing long-term monitoring at a large number of permanent field sites for up to 25 years prior to the fire, together with 10 years of post-fire monitoring, has provided an unparalleled series of datasets on mammal, bird, & plant responses on burned & unburned sites. The empirical studies briefly summarized in this paper show patterns of steep declines in large old trees & declines in site occupancy by arboreal marsupials & birds. These changes contrast markedly with the responses of the two most common species of small mammals (the Agile Antechinus [Antechinus agilis] & Bush Rat [Rattus fuscipes]), which recovered within two generations after the fire. Declines in arboreal marsupials, birds & large old trees have also occurred on unburned sites, indicating an ecosystem-wide trend. In general, logging had a greater impact than fire on the majority of groups of birds & plants, particularly post-fire salvage logging that occurred in some areas following the 2009 wildfires. Beyond interactions between fire & post-fire (salvage) logging & their effects on forest biota, we have uncovered evidence of other kinds of interactions in Mountain Ash forests. These include interactions between: (1) the severity of fires & logging history, (2) post-fire bird population recovery & long-term climate & short-term weather conditions, & (3) impacts on forest soils. The structure & l&scape composition of the Mountain Ash ecosystem has been radically altered over the last century. This has resulted from the combined impact of several large fires, including the 2009 fires as well as widespread clearfell logging that has been conducted within state forests over the last 50 years. The ecosystem now supports old growth cover that is 1/30th to 1/60th of what it was estimated to have been prior to European settlement. The ongoing decline of key components of the Mountain Ash ecosystem has led to it being classified as Critically Endangered & at high risk of ecosystem collapse. We argue that current forest policy & practices need to better mitigate the effects of fire on this already highly disturbed forest & enhance the possible persistence of species in this ecosystem. Several key strategies are required to do this. First, there is a need to significantly exp& the extent of old growth within the Mountain Ash forest estate. This is because fire severity is diminished in such areas. Spatial contagion across old-growth dominated l&scapes also may be suppressed relative to l&scapes composed primarily of young forest. Allied management strategies include the protection of more mesic parts of Mountain Ash l&scapes as these are less likely to burn or at least burn at high severity. Such enhanced protection should include an exp&ed network of buffers around drainage lines & waterways as these are where fire severity is likely to be lowest & also where old growth elements like large old hollow-bearing trees are more abundant. In addition, all existing living & dead hollow-bearing trees need to be protected by buffers of unlogged forest within wood production forests to promote their st&ing life & better conserve cavity-dependent fauna such as the Critically Endangered Leadbeater’s Possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) & other declining taxa like the Greater Glider (Petauroides volans).