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Статті в журналах з теми "Bureaucratic capacities"
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Malipula, Mrisho Mbegu. "Understanding and Addressing Political - Bureaucratic Corruption in Africa: Reflections from Tanzania." African Journal of Empirical Research 5, no. 2 (April 11, 2024): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.5.2.5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Systematic literature on the proliferation of political-bureaucratic corruption and ways of fighting it barely exists in Tanzania because political and bureaucratic corruption is dealt with exclusively or is generally associated with corruption. This article, through a conceptual-analytical analysis of relevant secondary data, reveals the factors responsible for Tanzania's vulnerability to political-bureaucratic corruption, elucidates the consequences of political-bureaucratic corruption, and recommends mitigating measures. The article contends that political-bureaucratic corruption is mainly exacerbated due to fragile bureaucratic and political institutions and institutional mechanisms erected to crack down on the vice committed by bureaucratic and political elites. Such institutional fragility strips the legitimacy of the institutions charged to fight it, diminishes development endeavors, and ignites neo-patrimonial social differentiation. As such, containing political-bureaucratic corruption needs an eclectic approach, characterized by a strong political resolve to reinforce state institutions’ zeal in administering law and order, particularly by enhancing the capacities of relevant officials on detection, exposure, and prosecution of politicians and bureaucrats committing corrupt practices irrespective of their status to enthuse trust in their political system.
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Krisnajaya, I. Made, Suripto Suripto, Novi Paramita Dewi, Ambar Teguh Sulistiyani, and Lutfi Untung Angga Laksana. "The Political Process of Bureaucratic Reform: Wonosobo Regional Government Experience from 2011-2015." Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik 23, no. 2 (December 26, 2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsp.42589.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examines the political process of bureaucratic reform in Wonosobo regional government from 2011-2015. The article uses political and bureaucratic frameworks to describe the interplay of bureaucrats and politicians in the phases of bureaucratic reform. Data collection for this study employed document review and in-depth interviews with key informants. Results of the study show that the political process of bureaucratic reform mainly involved dialectical interactions between actors in the Wonosobo Regional Government and the Regional House of Representatives. The interplay of actors can then be explained through the actors’ configuration, issues that are confronted by the actors, conflicts of interest between actors, and influence tactics used by actors in managing issues and struggling for their interests. The experience of the Wonosobo regional government shows that bureaucratic reform does not only concern technical and administrative capacities in carrying out institutional arrangement, but it also involves political aspects namely visionary leadership, strong political will to conduct reform, and effective use of influential tactics to gain political supports for the reform.
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Gomide, Alexandre de Ávila, Raphael Amorim Machado, and Rafael da Silva Lins. "A Variação de Capacidades Burocráticas na Administração Pública Federal Brasileira: uma Análise com Dados de Survey." Organizações & Sociedade 29, no. 100 (January 2022): 217–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-92302022v29n0009pt.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper aims to demonstrate the variation in bureaucratic capacities within the Brazilian Federal Public Administration concerning organizations belonging to different policy sectors and verify theoretical propositions in the literature about the relationship between the characteristics of public bureaucracy and state action. For such purposes, data from a questionnaire applied to Brazilian federal civil servants were analyzed using a set of multivariate analysis techniques. The findings indicate that organizations with a greater perception of bureaucratic "weberianess" are correlated with innovative organizations and organizational cultures that restrict corruption. Likewise, organizations with greater bureaucratic autonomy are associated with more effective organizations. However, the observed variation between perceived capabilities and performance did not characterize a clearly identifiable pattern of organization type with public policy sectors. In this sense, the article contributes to the literature by adding nuances to the "islands of excellence" approach by verifying that the asymmetry of capabilities within the Brazilian executive branch is more complex than indicated by previous research.
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Ege, Jörn. "What International Bureaucrats (Really) Want." Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations 26, no. 4 (November 23, 2020): 577–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19426720-02604003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The secretariats of international organizations (international public administrations [IPA s]) constitute the institutional grid of global governance. While recent research has provided valuable insights into the independent capacities of international organizations (IO s) and the influence of IPA s, we lack systematic knowledge of how scholars conceptualize the preferences of IO staff. This is lamentable because understanding the (unifying) motivations of “international civil servants” helps us to make sense of their behavior and influence during the adoption and application of IO policies. To review how IPA studies conceptualize the preferences of international bureaucrats, this article suggests a fourfold typology of ideal-typical bureaucratic behavior. It distinguishes between the underlying behavioral logic and dominant bureaucratic goal orientation. Applying the typology to thirty-nine journal articles allows us to map IPA preferences and behavior, and shows that the literature predominantly views IPA s as behaving responsibly and less self-centeredly than could be expected from economic accounts of bureaucracy.
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Gomide, Alexandre de Ávila, Raphael Amorim Machado, and Rafael da Silva Lins. "The Variation of Bureaucratic Capacities in the Brazilian Federal Public Administration: an Analysis with Survey Data." Organizações & Sociedade 29, no. 100 (January 2022): 217–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-92302022v29n0009en.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper aims to demonstrate the variation in bureaucratic capacities within the Brazilian Federal Public Administration concerning organizations belonging to different policy sectors and verify theoretical propositions in the literature about the relationship between the characteristics of public bureaucracy and state action. For such purposes, data from a questionnaire applied to Brazilian federal civil servants were analyzed using a set of multivariate analysis techniques. The findings indicate that organizations with a greater perception of bureaucratic "weberianess" are correlated with innovative organizations and organizational cultures that restrict corruption. Likewise, organizations with greater bureaucratic autonomy are associated with more effective organizations. However, the observed variation between perceived capabilities and performance did not characterize a clearly identifiable pattern of organization type with public policy sectors. In this sense, the article contributes to the literature by adding nuances to the "islands of excellence" approach by verifying that the asymmetry of capabilities within the Brazilian executive branch is more complex than indicated by previous research.
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Sahide, Muhammad A. K., Micah R. Fisher, Ahmad Maryudi, Grace Yee Wong, Supratman Supratman, and Syamsu Alam. "The bureaucratic politics of conservation in governing land conflict: A typology of capacities." MethodsX 6 (2019): 2536–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2019.10.022.
Повний текст джерела
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Sanghee, Park. "Politics or Bureaucratic Failures? Understanding the Dynamics of Policy Failures in Democratic Governance." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 36, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps36303.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study seeks to advance our understanding of policy failures as the nexus of politics and bureaucratic failure. In doing so, it presents a typology to illustrate different types of policy failures by the degree of bureaucratic capacities and politics/political incentives involved in a policy problem, and explores two cases of such failures in South Korea. This study claims that policy failures are joint products of political and bureaucratic failures to varying degrees and that the discussion of both sides helps to enhance accountability and avoid political blame games and bureau-bashing. This study reflects on two Korean cases to demonstrate politically-driven and administratively-driven failures in the high- and low-capacity bureaucracy and their consequences. These cases also reveal the dynamic nature of policy failures moving from one category to another during the policy processes. The first case concerns the failure in emergency response of the Korea Coast Guard (KCG) during and after the sinking of the ferry MV Sewol. A low bureaucratic capacity and lack of motivation to fulfill their function may be the direct cause of the failure, which will be the focus of the discussion of bureaucratic failure. Yet, it also reveals aspects of political failures before and after the accident, where politicians have failed to provide a bureaucratic agency with autonomy and stacked the deck against a less salient agency for political or electoral gains. The second case discusses the politics of preliminary feasibility studies (PFS) required for major public projects. This case explores policy failures uniquely manifested in a highly capable bureaucracy, which shows how politics-laden issues plant the seeds of policy failures driven by the prompt implementation of flawed decisions. The discussion section further discusses key arguments and implications drawn from the case studies. The final section offers concluding thoughts and avenues for future research.
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Bonelli, Francesco, Antônio Sérgio Araújo Fernandes, and Pedro Luiz Costa Cavalcante. "The active dismantling of environmental policy in Brazil: paralysis and setbacks of the deforestation inspection and control." Sustainability in Debate 14, no. 1 (April 30, 2023): 58–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18472/sustdeb.v14n1.2023.44277.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper aims to analyse the street-level bureaucrats’ (SLBs) perception of President Bolsonaro’s administration’s effects on Brazilian environmental policy, emphasising deforestation prevention and control in the Legal Amazon1. Besides the policy dismantling concepts, a theoretical model integrating three complementary analytical dimensions of SLBs’ action – institutional, individual, and relational – was employed in a case-oriented investigation of environmental bureaucrats – Ibama Inspectors and ICMBio Agents. The inquiry used Systematic Content Analysis on interviews with these agents involved in deforestation inspection and control activities. The empirical results confirm the hypotheses that an active dismantling process has been ongoing since the beginning of Bolsonaro’s administration; however, the perceptions of Ibama inspectors seem more intense, especially regarding the institutional dimension. The research illustrates the adverse effects of this process on the agencies and bureaucratic capacities, generating paralysis and setbacks in deforestation inspection and control policies and posing serious risks to the environmental protection in the country. This article contributes to the advancement of knowledge about the strategies that a far-right populist government deliberately adopted to reduce the role of the State, weaken professional bureaucracy, dismantle policies and favour particular interests of groups.
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Campano, Gerald. "The Second Class: Providing Space in the Margins." Language Arts 82, no. 3 (January 1, 2005): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/la20054389.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A teacher researcher reflects on a student’s migrant narrative in order to illustrate the challenges and possibilities of developing literacy curricula sensitive to the life experiences and cultural identities of children in an educational climate of standardization and high-stakes testing. He conceptualizes a “second class” that occurs during the margins and in-between periods of the school day, an alternative pedagogical space where teachers potentially reconcile bureaucratic demands with the individual needs and capacities of diverse students.
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Jankovic, Stefan, and Andrej Kubicek. "Between latency and political mobilization: (Con)figurations of the ethno-national identification among the bureaucratic-political elite of Serbia." Sociologija 58, no. 4 (2016): 552–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1604552j.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Paper illuminates ethno-national identifications of Serbia?s bureaucratic-political elite, assuming its (con)figurative principles and diverging forms oscillate between capacities for political mobilization while simultaneously reflecting latency of social order(s). The analysis rests on the data obtained in survey of Serbia?s political elite conducted in 2015, by using Bourdieu?s concept of (political) field and locating these (con)figurations of ethno-national identification as expression of particular (dis)positions and social relations. Prior to the analysis, insufficiencies contained in dominant conceptualizations of identity are exposed, followed by reassessment of theories of nation and ethnicity by highlighting blurred line discontinuity between ethnos/nation has, due to processes of historical (de) politicization. The analysis first detects objective structure of Serbia?s bureaucraticpolitical field. Through construction of scale of ethno-national valence it is shown that detected divergent degrees of ethno-national attachment correspond to structure of bureaucratic-political field, conforming the particular positions of political groups. Divergent contents of ethno-national identification among political groups are extensively analyzed and interpreted as a reflection of fieldstructure and capacity for political mobilization. In conclusion, it is noted that (con)figurations of ethno-national identity among Serbian bureaucratic-political elite differentiate around ethnic, but converge around etatist dimensions, reflecting the opposing conceptions of ?valid? political community.
Дисертації з теми "Bureaucratic capacities"
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Cussac, García Pablo. "Gouverner par les standards : l'évaluation des enseignants et les processus d'étatisation managériale au Mexique et au Chili (années 1990-2020)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IEPP0018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le Mexique et le Chili sont parmi les rares États à avoir introduit des standards pour évaluer la performance des enseignants de manière nationale et centralisée. Présentés comme un mode d’évaluation « professionnalisant », ces instruments comportent d’importantes conséquences sur les salaires et les emplois et redéfinissent les rapports de la profession à l’État. À partir d’une enquête comparative et historique comprenant 142 entretiens avec des acteurs bureaucratiques, professionnels et experts, des sources écrites, des statistiques et des observations, cette thèse explique pourquoi ces deux pays contrastés ont adopté ce même dispositif et étudie ses effets sur les bureaucraties et la profession enseignante. Les standards s’imposent au Mexique en structurant une coalition contre le corporatisme syndical et pour la différenciation de l’administration éducative et de la profession. Au Chili, la coalition s’organise autour de la réincorporation des enseignants à l'État, contre le marché. Malgré ces objectifs divergents, leurs effets sur les bureaucraties et la profession sont similaires. D'une part, les standards centralisent les procédures d’évaluation et renforcent les capacités d’organisations techniques privées. D’autre part, leurs catégorisations de l’enseignement activent des dilemmes d’action collective et produisent la désidentification et la démobilisation de la profession. En explorant les coalitions politiques, les capacités bureaucratiques et les effets professionnels des standards, cette thèse montre que ces instruments néomanagériaux produisent de nouvelles formes étatiques, un processus que nous interprétons comme une étatisation managérialeMexico and Chile are among the few states that have introduced standards to evaluate the performance of teachers in a national and centralized manner. Presented as a “professionalizing” mode of evaluation, these instruments have significant consequences for teacher salaries and employment conditions, while redefining the relationship between the profession and the State. Based on comparative-historical materials that include 142 interviews with bureaucratic, professional, and expert actors, written sources, statistics, and observations, this thesis explains why these two contrasted countries adopted the same instrument and analyzes its effects on bureaucracies and the teaching profession. In Mexico, standards structured a coalition against union corporatism, which promoted the differentiation between the educational administration and the profession. In Chile, the coalition was organized around the reincorporation of teachers into the State, as opposed to the market. Despite these divergent objectives, their effects on both bureaucracies and the profession are similar. On the one hand, standards lead to the centralization of evaluation procedures and strengthen the capacities of private technical organizations. On the other hand, their categorizations of teaching activate dilemmas of collective action that result in the disidentification and demobilization of the profession. By exploring the political coalitions, bureaucratic capacities, and professional effects of standards, this thesis demonstrates that these neo-managerial instruments generate new state forms, a process interpreted as managerial State-formation
Книги з теми "Bureaucratic capacities"
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Pryadilnikov, Mikhail Vladimirovich. The state and markets in Russia---Understanding the development of bureaucratic implementation capacities through the study of regulatory reform, 2001-2008. 2009.
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Müller, Wolfgang C. 8. Governments and bureaucracies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198737421.003.0010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter examines the decision-making modes of governments and their capacities to govern, with particular emphasis on bureaucracies that support governments in their tasks of ruling and administrating the country. It first presents the relevant definitions before discussing different modes of government that reflect the internal balance of power: presidential government, cabinet government, prime ministerial government, and ministerial government. It then considers the autonomy of government, especially from political parties and the permanent bureaucracy, along with the political capacity of governments, the relevance of unified vs divided government, majority vs minority government, and single-party vs coalition government. The chapter concludes with an assessment of the bureaucratic capacities of government, focusing on issues such as classic bureaucracy, the politicization of bureaucracies, and New Public Management systems.
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Kelemen, R. Daniel. European States in Comparative Perspective. Edited by Orfeo Fioretos, Tulia G. Falleti, and Adam Sheingate. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199662814.013.23.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The character of European states—their approaches to governance, the extent to which they penetrate and shape their societies—has changed radically over centuries. Today, European states continue to vary from one another across many fundamental dimensions. Some are nation states, other states are openly multinational. Some are unitary, others federal. Some command strong bureaucratic capacities, others struggle to collect taxes and keep roads paved. Some states operate impartial and effective systems of justice, while in others judicial systems are riven with corruption or hobbled by inefficiency. Some states intervene heavily in the economy, while others do so minimally. This chapter provides an overview of the contributions that historical institutionalist scholarship has made to our understanding of the origins, evolution and impact of the state in Europe.
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McDonnell, Erin Metz. Patchwork Leviathan. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691197364.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Corruption and ineffectiveness are often expected of public servants in developing countries. However, some groups within these states are distinctly more effective and public oriented than the rest. Why? This book explains how a few spectacularly effective state organizations manage to thrive amid general institutional weakness and succeed against impressive odds. Drawing on the Hobbesian image of the state as Leviathan, the book argues that many seemingly weak states actually have a wide range of administrative capacities. Such states are in fact patchworks sewn loosely together from scarce resources into the semblance of unity. The book demonstrates that when the human, cognitive, and material resources of bureaucracy are rare, it is critically important how they are distributed. Too often, scarce bureaucratic resources are scattered throughout the state, yielding little effect. The book reveals how a sufficient concentration of resources clustered within particular pockets of a state can be transformative, enabling distinctively effective organizations to emerge from a sea of ineffectiveness. The book offers a comprehensive analysis of successful statecraft in institutionally challenging environments, drawing on cases from contemporary Ghana and Nigeria, mid-twentieth-century Kenya and Brazil, and China in the early twentieth century. The book explains how these highly effective pockets differ from the Western bureaucracies on which so much state and organizational theory is based, providing a fresh answer to why well-funded global capacity-building reforms fail—and how they can do better.
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Stark, Alastair. Policy Refiners and Street-Level Lesson Learners. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198831990.003.0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter explores agents who are influential in terms of inquiry lesson-learning but have not been examined before in inquiry literature. The key argument is that two types of agent—policy refiners and street-level bureaucrats—are important when it comes to the effectiveness of post-crisis lesson-learning. As they travel down from the central government level, street-level actors champion, reinterpret, and reject inquiry lessons, often because those lessons do not consider local capacities. Policy refiners, however, operate at the central level in the form of taskforces, implementation reviews, and policy evaluation processes. These refiners examine potentially problematic inquiry lessons in greater detail in order to determine whether and how they should be implemented. In doing so, these ‘mini-inquiries’ can reformulate or even abandon inquiry recommendations.
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Kaplan, Seth D. Fixing Fragile States. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400651755.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fragile states are a menace. Their lawless environments spread instability across borders, provide havens for terrorists, threaten access to natural resources, and consign millions of people to poverty. But Western attempts to reform these benighted places have rarely made things better. Kaplan argues that to avoid revisiting the carnage and catastrophes seen in places like Iraq, Bosnia, and the Congo, the West needs to rethink its ideas on fragile states and start helping their peoples build governments and states that actually fit the local landscape. Fixing Fragile States lays bare the fatal flaws in current policies and explains why the only way to give these places a chance at peace and prosperity is to rethink how development really works. Flawed governance systems, not corrupt bureaucrats or armed militias, are the cancers that devour weak states. The cure, therefore, is not to send more aid or more peacekeepers but to redesign political, economic, and legal structures-to refashion them so they can leverage local traditions, overcome political fragmentation, expand governance capacities, and catalyze corporate investment. After dissecting the reasons why some states prosper and others sink into poverty and violence, Fixing Fragile States visits seven deeply dysfunctional places—including Pakistan, Bolivia, West Africa, and Syria—and explains how even the most desperate of them can be transformed.
Частини книг з теми "Bureaucratic capacities"
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Hernández-Galicia, Jesus F., and David Arellano-Gault. "Policy analysis and bureaucratic capacity in the federal government." In Policy Analysis in Mexico. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447329152.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this chapter is to understand and study the emerging bureaucratic skills being developed at the federal level to undertake policy analysis in Mexico. To this end, first, a literature review was undertaken to identify some of the key capacities and skills required for a bureaucracy to be regarded as competent in public policy analysis. Second, two surveys were conducted, one administered to all middle and senior public administration management, and the other focusing on units specializing in public policy analysis. The current characteristics of Mexican federal bureaucracy were identified, together with the challenges faced by bureaucrats in translating the results of policy analysis into actions and programs that can be implemented. Finally, a series of activities and skills informally performed by certain civil servants (articulators/translators called fixer, network manager and policy manager) of the enormous bureaucratic apparatus is discussed.
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Müller, Wolfgang C. "8. Governments and Bureaucracies." In Comparative Politics, 139–58. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198820604.003.0008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter examines the decision-making modes of governments and their capacities to govern, with particular emphasis on bureaucracies that support governments in their tasks of ruling and administrating the country. It first presents the relevant definitions before discussing different modes of government that reflect the internal balance of power: presidential government, cabinet government, prime ministerial government, and ministerial government. It then considers the autonomy of government, especially from political parties and the permanent bureaucracy, along with the political capacity of governments, the relevance of unified versus divided government, majority versus minority government, and single-party versus coalition government. The chapter concludes with an assessment of the bureaucratic capacities of government, focusing on issues such as classic bureaucracy, the politicization of bureaucracies, and New Public Management systems.
3
McDonnell, Erin Metz. "Introduction: Patchwork Leviathans." In Patchwork Leviathan, 1–25. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691197364.003.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This introductory chapter goes beyond the stereotypical image of dysfunctional public service to argue that many seemingly weak state “leviathans” are instead patchworked. What this means is that they are cobbled together from scarce available resources. They have a wide range of internal variation in organizational capacities sewn loosely together into the semblance of unity. The chapter thus reveals a striking empirical observation with theoretical implications for how to conceptualize states and state capacity: amid general organizational weakness and neopatrimonial politics, there are a few spectacularly effective state agencies dedicating their full working capacity to the routine satisfaction of organizational goals in the public interest. These are the subcultural niches of the bureaucratic ethos that manage to thrive against impressive odds.
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Wilson, T. K. "The Resources of Civilization." In Killing Strangers, 92–110. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863502.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Borrowing from a phrase of Gladstone’s, this chapter offers thematic reflections on the long-term trajectory outlined in Chapters One and Two. It notes the general aggregation of coercive state power up until the advent of the ‘network society’ of the late twentieth century. Frustratingly for analysts, risk managers, and prophets, the early twen ty-first century looks set to remain open-ended. In any longer-term perspective, the domestic strength of Western governments remains massively impressive. Their coercive capabilities and bureaucratic information-processing capacities remain intact, if they have not actually been enhanced by the information-processing revolutions. States, in short, may not be intrinsically much weaker than they were before the 1990s. And the conspiracies they face remain, if anything, more primitive. But public moods are certainly more febrile: more alarmist, more confused, and more embittered.
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Ryan, Matt. "Success: How Citizen Control of Politics Is Achieved." In Why Citizen Participation Succeeds or Fails, 151–78. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529209921.003.0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter a logical comparison of the characteristics of cases of participatory budgeting and presents findings to inform the implementation of democratic reform. The touted necessary conditions for empowered participation such as participatory leadership and civil society demand for involvement are examined the specific circumstances under which they can be (ir)relevant to explanations of empowered participation are outlined. The evidence suggests that in a Brazilian context contentious politics must be combined with either rules enabling participation or a financial basis for implementation of projects to produce democratic deepening. Across the world meaningful involvement of citizens in collective governance often requires a combination of will and capacity to implement programmes from political and administrative leaders. Political commitment to participatory politics is only a sufficient condition for good outcomes in combination with bureaucratic capacities or financial freedoms.
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"The Paradox of Recognition and the Social Production of Moxie." In Disability Worlds, 83–119. Duke University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478059394-004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the context of schooling, many parents of disabled children move from a sense of isolation, joining with like-minded others, becoming persistent advocates for their children's pedagogical and social needs. This chapter shows how labeling is bureaucratically produced and how advocates are made, not born. Educational supports are not available without a bureaucratic label that may have lifelong stigmatizing consequences; the authors call this the paradox of recognition. They witnessed parents mastering the tasks necessary for managing special education, becoming their child's advocate, enforcing their legal rights, and protecting them against the bullying this recognition too often entails. Parents' hard-won disability expertise and activism impressed the authors as moxie, a feisty willingness to insist on their children's rights and capacities. Without their lively insistence on their children's potential—deploying what the authors call moxie—this story of the paradox of recognition rarely ends well.
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Huising, Ruthanne. "Professional Authority." In The Oxford Handbook of Expertise and Democratic Politics, 453—C20P88. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190848927.013.20.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This chapter questions the continued efficacy of expertise derived from proprietary, abstract knowledge systems in producing professional authority. Recent studies demonstrate alternative means used to generate authority in contemporary workplaces, including interdependence, contextual expertise, interactive expertise, and the ethos or the moral character of how work is done. These forms of knowledge and practice generated through interactions with adjacent professions and clients inform how members of professions leverage traditional expertise to diagnose and treat problems in situ, and influence how those around them understand and contribute to their work. Beyond substantive capacities (arguing a legal case or treating a disease), authority depends on accomplishing outcomes preferably in ways that reflect the clients’ interests, including saving them time, money, and discomfort. This relates to the more recent ways in which expertise is evaluated and valued through bureaucratic (managerial evaluations in organizations) and technological means (client evaluations on social media).
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Jacquin, Ronan. "Paternalist street-level bureaucrats and virtuous recipients: the consequences of institutional weakness in a pensions programme in Uganda." In Street-Level Bureaucracy in Weak State Institutions, 43–60. Policy Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447368748.003.0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter discusses the origins and effects of institutional weakness on the work of SLBs in a pension programme for old persons in Uganda. Institutional weakness stems from conflicts between promoters and critics of pensions within the bureaucratic and political fields, resulting in low investments in capacities. Thus, the programme does not rely on a professional, specialised bureaucracy but on local political and administrative authorities that are linked to recipients of pensions through local networks of ‘relationality’, although socially distant from them. Institutional weakness and social inequality have strong effects, as local authorities successfully impose a paternalist control on recipients’ financial practices. As a consequence, recipients understand pensions as a favour rather than a right and adapt their behaviour in search of material gains, social respectability, and moral affirmation of the self. The chapter thus highlights the importance of administrative design on street-level bureaucracy and implementation.
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McGraw, Andrew. "Twin Oaks Intentional Community." In Music as Ethics, 55–92. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197654880.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Twin Oaks is a community of approximately one hundred members in rural Louisa, Virginia, originally inspired by the utopian writings of the American psychologist B. F. Skinner. The community’s values are based on the four core principles of income sharing, nonviolence, egalitarianism, and cooperation. Music’s ethical status at Twin Oaks is related to the community’s internal economy, inspired by Skinner’s novel Walden Two. Its labor system poses special problems and possibilities for musicians living in the community and encourages complex conversations about the value of artistic activity in which members pose versions of the question: What kind of good should music be and how should we value it? At first glance, the “planner–manager” system of governance that Twin Oaks adopted from Skinner’s novel appears highly bureaucratic and restrictive. But in fact it is organized around nearly continuous, collective deliberation and situated reasoning—social capacities that are honed through the community’s musical practices.
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Charon, Rita. "The Sources of Narrative Medicine." In Narrative Medicine, 3–16. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195166750.003.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Medicine has grown significantly in its ability to diagnose and treat biological disease. Doctors can be proud of their ability to eradicate once fatal infections, prevent heart attacks, cure childhood leukemias, and transplant failing organs. But despite such impressive technical progress, doctors often lack the human capacities to recognize the plights of their patients, to extend empathy toward those who suffer, and to join honestly and courageously with patients in their struggles toward recovery, with chronic illness, or in facing death. Patients lament that their doctors don’t listen to them or that they seem indifferent to their suffering. Fidelity and constancy seem to have become casualties of the cost-conscious bureaucratic marketplace. Instead of being accompanied through the uncertainties and indignities of illness by a trusted guide who knows them, patients find that they are referred from one specialist and one procedure to another, perhaps receiving technically adequate care but being abandoned with the consequences and the dread of illness.1
Звіти організацій з теми "Bureaucratic capacities"
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Goh, Jonathan, and Hairon Salleh. An investigation of the impact of leadership practices on student learning and development outcomes in Singapore schools. National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 2020. https://doi.org/10.32658/10497/22713.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Policymakers and the public in many developed countries have demanded for greater public school accountability in the hope of improving academic and non-academic school outcomes, as well as decreasing the achievement gaps among subpopulations of students (Heck & Moriyama, 2010). In response, there has been a growing conversation amongst educational practitioners and researchers on how educational leadership might be linked to effective teaching, and student learning and ‘achievement’ outcomes. Educational-effectiveness researchers have attempted to link (directly and/or indirect) existing research with theory about educational processes to identify contextual, school factors (including leadership), and classroom factors (including teacher effectiveness) to student learning and ‘achievement’ outcomes (Creemers, 1994; Creemers & Kyriakides, 2008; Heck & Moriyama, 2010; Leithwood & Mascall, 2008; Scheerens, 1990, 1992; Stringfield & Slavin, 1992; Teddlie & Reynolds, 2000). It is clear that the ‘Principal as the sole decision maker’ conception of leadership and bureaucratic organizational structures are no longer consistent with the new school leadership climate (Pearce & Conger, 2003). Proponents of this view have argued that a dispersed form of leadership is thought to enhance opportunities for the organization to benefit from the capacities of more of its members rather than a single leader (Leithwood & Mascall, 2008).