Дисертації з теми "Burden of proof (Islamic law)"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-35 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Burden of proof (Islamic law)".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
PIAZZA, LAURA. "The burden of proof in WTO law and practice." Doctoral thesis, Università Bocconi, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/11565/4053861.
Повний текст джерелаOmer, A. Ibrahim. "Proof in Islamic law with special reference to the Sudan." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309374.
Повний текст джерелаSalazar, Juan Carlos. "The burden of proof of the air cargo claimant under international law /." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30323.
Повний текст джерелаRather than offering definite answers, this thesis identifies some current and emerging issues in the law of air cargo claims, particularly those aspects that the claimant must prove. The work traces the development of the Warsaw System by writers and courts, and attempts to identify trends in the application and interpretation of the new legal framework. The evolution towards independence of the law of carriage of goods by air from other similar regimes, and the existing connections among them, are examined. When appropriate, common law and civil law solutions to some legal issues will be introduced.
Finally, the thesis concludes that conflicting decisions in this field could be avoided by adopting uniform rules to solve conflicts of laws and to interpret international carriage conventions.
Salazar, Juan Carlos. "The burden of proof of the air cargo claimant under international law." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64299.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRowback, Jillian. "The role of individual differences in explaining the acceptability of prosecutorial misconduct." View thesis online, 2009. http://docs.rwu.edu/psych_thesis/3/.
Повний текст джерелаBaldini, Renato Ornellas. "Distribuição dinâmica do ônus da prova no direito processual do trabalho." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-05122013-093647/.
Повний текст джерелаThis work studies the application of the theory of dynamic distribution of the burden of proof on Labor Procedural Law. It examines, initially, the impact of new labor demands and modern theories of the Procedural Law on Labor Procedural Law. It boards the burden of proof in its general aspects, defining concept of proof, concepts and distinctions between burden, obligation and duty and concept of burden of proof, analyzing the theoretical evolution and dogmatic profile of the distribution of the burden of proof, the functional structure of the burden of proof (subjective burden of proof and objective burden of proof), the burden of proof in fact negative, diabolical proof, the judicial reverse of the burden of proof (with emphasis on the rule laid down in the Consumer Defense Code and the appropriate procedural moment for this) and the relation between presumptions, strict liability and burden of proof. It studies general aspects about the burden of proof on Labor Procedural Law, referring to the rule of Artic le 818 of the Consolidation of Labor Laws, and the subsidiary application of Article 333 of the Code of Civil Procedure, and the judicial reverse of the burden of proof in Labor Procedure Law based on implementation of the Code of Consumer Protection, protective principle, principle of pre-establishment of proof and principle of the aptitude for proof. It analyzes general aspects concerning the theory of dynamic distribution of the burden of proof, establishing concepts and distinctions between static distribution, judicial reversal and dynamic distribution of the burden of proof, addressing historical origins and incorporation of the theory in Comparative Law, grounds for implementation of dynamic distribution of the burden of proof on Brazilian Procedural Law (with emphasis on the fundamental right to proof, principle of substantive equality in the process, practice of the judges investigation powers, search for real truth and rule of Article 333, sole paragraph, II, of the Code of Civil Procedure) and legislative incorporation of the theory in the Brazilian Procedural Law, foreseen in the preliminary bill of law for the Brazilian Code of Class Actions, bill of law for the Public Civil Action and bill of law for the Code of Civil Procedure. Finally, it studies specifically the application of the theory of dynamic distribution of the burden of proof on the Labor Procedural Law, starting for her impacts on the Labor Procedure (fundamental right to proof, principle of substantive equality in the process and the rule of Article 852 - D of the Consolidation of Labor Laws), addressing objective criteria to application (subsidiarity, use of the judges investigation powers, judges maxims of experience, prohibition to encourage self-indulgence and to establish reverse probatio diabolica, with observance of the binomial inability/extreme difficulty of the employee in the production of proof-possibility/ease in the production for the employer , reasons for the decision, seal to supervening procedural burden), procedural moment suitable to dynamize, relation between procedural nullity and dynamic distribution, appropriate procedural tool to challenge the incidence of the theory, definition of the distribution rule of the burden of proof by the Courts and case studies of application of the dynamic distribution of the burden of proof, with critical examination of doctrine and jurisprudence, in the Individual Labor Procedural Law (addressing the following topics: working time, transportation ticket, salary equation, Brazilian s employment compensation funds credit (FGTS), dismissal, family allowance, labor-related accident, workplace bullying and sexual harassment, discrimination in work relations, employee\'s privacy and intimacy, public administrations subsidiary liability, economic group, labor succession, homestead right and gratuity procedure) and Labor Class Actions, with formulating legislative proposition by the end of the study.
Pires, Líbia da Graça. "Teoria da distribuição dinâmica do ônus da prova no processo do trabalho." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-04052012-101854/.
Повний текст джерелаThe present thesis addresses the distribution of the burden of proof in labor procedural law aiming to apply the theory of dynamic distribution of the onus probandi in this branch of special procedural law. In the first part of this paper, issues related to the fundamental rights, as well as procedural constitutional principles, will be assessed, with special emphasis to the constitutional right to poof. Subsequently, matters related to the burden of proof in general procedural theory, its dimensions, the instruction powers of the judge, the classic theory of distribution of the burden of proof, as well as the specificities of the inversion of the proof burden in labor procedural law will be analyzed. Then, an approach to the dynamic theory of the burden of proof and its reception in Brazilian law is presented, highlighting some legislative projects that already indicate the positive adoption in Brazil. Finally, and considering the urge to overcome the static rules of the proof burden in labor procedural law, we propose the adoption of the dynamic rules, from the standpoint of the need for effectiveness in jurisdictional custody and materialization of the principles of substantial equality, in observance of the fundamental right to a fair and equalitarian labor proceeding. And yet, some case law rulings of the Labor Justice applying the principle of dynamic burden of proof will be addressed.
Howard, Ryan Michael. "A clarification of the use of multiple regression analysis in meeting the burden of proof in compensation discrimination litigation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50238.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: The new set of employment equity laws call for South African organisations to justify their compensations systems. During compensation discrimination litigation, evidence is required to support arguments put before the court in order to meet the burden of proof. The similarity between foreign and domestic legal systems, suggests that the operational implications of foreign legislation will also be relevant to South Africa. This raises the debate as to the nature of fairness in the compensation context, the debate of comparable worth and the use of multiple regression analysis. The organisation must present to the court evidence to show that the choice of compensable constructs, their measurement and application does not discrimination directly or indirectly based on group membership. Multiple regression analysis, a statistical method to model the compensation system, is fraught with difficulties and misunderstanding. It is nevertheless the most appropriate method to investigate compensation fairness. Comparable worth and multiple regression analysis require assessment in the South African context. The issues, which hindered the successful use of multiple regression analysis abroad, are reviewed in order to smooth its entry into South African litigation. A framework is presented based on literature and case law whereby all parties concerned can produce and evaluate such evidence
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die nuwe Anti-Diskrimineringswetgewing verlang van Suid-Afrikaanse organisasies om salarisstelsels te regverdig. Gedurende salarisdiskriminasielitigasie word bewys verlang om die bewyslas oor te dra. Die gelyksoortigheid van buitelandse en binnelandse regstelsels gee te kenne dat die operatiewe implikasies van buitelandse wetgewing relevant tot Suid-Afrika sal wees. Dit bevraagteken die aard van billikheid in die kompensasie konteks, die debat van vergelykbare waarde en die gebruik van veelvoudige regressieontleding. Die betrokke party moet bewys aan die hof toon om te bevestig dat die keuse van vergoedingskonstruksie, sowel as die meting en toepassing daarvan, nie onregverdig diskrimineer, ten opsigte van demografiese groepe me. Veelvoudige regressieontleding 'n statistiese metode wat gebriuk kan word om die salarissisteem voor te stel. Alhoewel dit vele onduidelikhede bevat, is dit steeds die mees toepaslike metode om salarisbillikheid te ondersoek. Vergelykbare waarde en meervoudige regressieontleding is in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks geëvalueer. Die aspekte wat die sukses van die gebruik van meervoudige regressieontleding in ander lande verhinder het, is ondersoek en geëvalueer om die toekomstige toepassing daarvan in Suid-Afrika te vergemaklik. 'n Raamwerk gebaseer op literatuur en gevalle studies word voorgestel, waar al die betrokke partye sodanige bewys kan produseer en evalueer.
Garavaglia, M. "LA RIPARTIZIONE DELL'ONERE DELLA PROVA NEGLI ORDINAMENTI DI COMMON LAW." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/488126.
Повний текст джерелаRulevičiūtė, Indrė. "Įrodinejimo pareiga ir dalykas civiliniame pocese." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070101_135640-66588.
Повний текст джерелаSilveira, Daniel Coutinho da. "Prova, argumento e decisão: critérios de suficiência para orientação dos juízos de fato no direito processual brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-24042012-113857/.
Повний текст джерелаThe idea of free proof stipulates to judicial process decision an investigation over facts supported only by epistemological evaluation. This strategy, however, presents unbearable difficulties in the various manifestations of this kind of reasoning, as it does not offers definitive answers to solve practical problems, like those involved in applying the law, which leads to different degrees of doubt. Considering this picture, emerges the question about what level of confirmation will be accepted to sustain a decision. This dissertation proposes as a solution to the presented aporia an approximation of the arguments utilized to decide about facts to the structure of practical argumentation. Thus, beyond epistemological reasons, moral and political elements are incorporate to its central sketch. Through this conclusion are necessarily introduced to judicial reasoning what is called standards of proof, guidance about the degree of confirmation which versions must sustained to be successful on specific situations. This institute, additionally to its importance to validate the rationality of factual decisions, it assumes the purpose of distributing the risk of wrong perceptions among litigants. Its an element of legitimating decisions about facts, by reasoning the risks that the process handles. This reasoning is not at all ignored by Brazilian law, in despite of its lack of systematization. Hence the importance of its theoretical approach, which demonstrates that is an indispensible requirement of legitimacy to the decisions about facts taken in judicial processes, and of its practical approach, verifying the compatibility of several law mechanisms to this proposition. Build on juridical experiences that study the subject in an systematized fashion and longer than our occupation of the subject, it is proposed a discussion about the terms in which these should be observed in Brazilian law, in accordance to its characteristics.
Feijoó, Cambiaso Raúl Humberto. "Interview with Massimo Bianca and Massimo Franzoni. Discussions on the Civil Law." IUS ET VERITAS, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122792.
Повний текст джерелаEn la presente entrevista, los destacados profesores italianos nos comentan su perspectiva en torno a puntos clave del derecho civil patrimonial. De esta forma, los ponentes tratan temas referidos a los sistema de transferencia de propiedad, incumplimiento del contrato, responsabilidad extracontractual, entre otros temas. Realizando breves comentarios, los autores también se refieren a las opciones legislativas acogidas en el ordenamiento peruano.
Hoffschir, Nicolas. "La charge de la preuve en droit civil." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100173.
Повний текст джерелаThe burden of proof constitutes an original concept which epitomizes the evolution of time and of the founding principles of law. Historically, the notion of burden of proof referred to the individual role of the litigant who, through his own effort, had to convince the judge of the soundness of his cause. Nowadays, considering the importance of truth in our society as well as the willingness to tighten solidarity between individuals, it is considered as a basic requirement for a litigant to contribute to the emergence of truth. Yet, it is inappropriate to make confusion between probationary duties and charges. As a matter of fact, only the duties that the litigant has to carry out in order to win over his cause can be qualified as burden of proof. This implies that the burden of proof not only imposes duties during the trial but also before the referral of the case to court. Bound to gather proofs and produce them in court, the incumbent is not always in a situation to assume the burden of the proof. Legal precedents (law, jurisprudence) can then be used to either facilitate or to exempt the former of his obligations. In light of this new coherence, the burden of proof facilitates the understanding of certain technical mechanisms and allows for a new reading of the applicable law
Pettersson, Oskar. "Internprissättning : Bevisbörda, dokumentationskrav och rättssäkerhet." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Commercial Law, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-84.
Повний текст джерелаAs the globalization of companies increases day by day, the need for a clear and comprehensible legislation to overcome the problems with transfer pricing transactions increases as well. Incorrect pricing in transfer pricing situations between companies with close economic ties to each other makes countries risk parts of their taxation income.
Swedish legislation uses the internationally accepted arm’s length principle to regulate the transfer pricing transactions. Through the correction rule, the rule is upheld that the pricing between two companies with close economic ties to each other must apply to the same conditions as it would have been if it was between two companies without close economic ties to each other.
To ensure that enough material is provided to base the assumption whether or not the correction rule has been followed or not, Swedish legislation provides a number of paragraphs to regulate the matter. The legislation is spread all over and is hard to interpret. The question rises whether this is against the rule of legal certainty or not.
The taxation authority has provided a proposition on new legislation with tougher documentation requirements where it also wants to give itself part of the power by through directions exactly define what the documentation shall include. Yet again the question is raised whether or not this is against the rule of legal certainty or not.
I takt med att globaliseringen av företag ökar, ökar också behovet av en klar och tydlig lagstiftning för att överkomma problemen med internprissättningstransaktioner. Vid oriktig prissättning vid transaktioner mellan företag i ekonomisk intressegemen-skap riskerar länder att gå miste om delar av sin skattebas.
Svensk lagstiftning använder sig av den internationellt accepterade armlängdsprincipen för att reglera internprissättningstransaktioner. Genom korrigeringsregeln regleras att prissättningen mellan två företag i ekonomisk intressegemenskap måste ske under samma förutsättningar som skulle ha gällt mellan två företag utan ekonomisk intressegemenskap.
För att få underlag till huruvida korrigeringsregeln har följts eller inte finns ett antal lagrum i svensk rätt som reglerar dokumentationskrav. Denna lagstiftning är spridd och anses vara svårtolkad. Frågan uppstår om detta strider mot rättsäkerheten.
Skatteverket har kommit med ett förslag på ny lagstiftning med skärpta dokumentationskrav där man dessutom vill ge sig själv delar av makten att genom föreskrifter exakt bestämma vad dokumentationen skall innehålla. Återigen väcks frågan om det-ta är förenligt med rättssäkerheten.
黃泳儀. "論中國大陸夫妻共同債務的舉證責任分配 =Discussion about the burden of proof distribution of spousal community debts in mainland China". Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3950652.
Повний текст джерелаElzbergas, Tadas. "Pacientų teisių gynimo galimybės ir ribos nacionaliniame ir tarptautiniame lygmenyse." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060314_103422-40016.
Повний текст джерелаSilva, Marcelo Luís Abreu e. "O ônus da prova no processo administrativo sancionador." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21124.
Повний текст джерелаMade available in DSpace on 2018-06-12T15:21:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Luís Abreu e Silva.pdf: 1503598 bytes, checksum: 28b11cc6b1b1d251d7ff2e07b85810b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-22
This academic work proposes to examine the development of probative activity in the punitive administrative procedure. The assumption is based on the submission of the public administrator to the constitutional guarantees granted to the accused in general. The duty to apply the sanction will find limits in the principle of presumption of innocence, serving as guidance for the practice of procedural acts in an attempt to prove the truth. In this way, the Public Administration will be respecting due process of law
O presente trabalho pretende analisar o desenvolvimento da atividade probatória no processo administrativo sancionador. Adota-se como premissa a submissão do administrador público às garantias constitucionais deferidas ao acusado em geral, bem como a necessidade de um processo dialético na busca da verdade, no qual o órgão encarregado da instrução processual, enquanto parte, submeta-se aos riscos de não comprovar os fatos constitutivos da pretensão punitiva da Administração, com a possibilidade de absolvição do administrado por falta de provas, sem oportunidade de rediscussão da matéria em novo processo administrativo. O princípio da presunção de inocência seria aplicável como regra de julgamento, observando-se as peculiaridades que mantém o processo administrativo como subsistema autônomo dentro da ciência processual
Hedberg, Christoffer Coello. "International Commercial Arbitration and Money Laundering : Problems that arise and how they should be resolved." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-299071.
Повний текст джерелаBerardo, Jose Carlos da Matta. "Retrovisor ou bola de cristal? O tema da prova na análise de concentrações empresariais pelo CADE." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/20614.
Повний текст джерелаRejected by Thais Oliveira (thais.oliveira@fgv.br), reason: Prezado José, boa tarde! Para que possamos aprovar, é necessário que inclua a Banca Examinadora completa. Por gentileza acrescentar os Professores "Leonor Augusta Giovine Cordovil" e " Vinícius Marques de Carvalho". Qualquer dúvida, entre em contato. Atenciosamente. on 2018-03-16T17:56:51Z (GMT)
Submitted by Jose Carlos da Matta Berardo (jcberardo@gmail.com) on 2018-03-16T18:03:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Berardo - O Tema da Prova (final).pdf: 924778 bytes, checksum: a05fd364dad5c05497eb5e6a4c55089f (MD5)
Rejected by Thais Oliveira (thais.oliveira@fgv.br), reason: Prezado José Carlos, boa tarde. Conforme e-mail anterior, é necessário que ACRESCENTE na página da Banca Examinadora todos os professores que participaram da Dissertação. Atenciosamente. on 2018-03-16T18:08:01Z (GMT)
Submitted by Jose Carlos da Matta Berardo (jcberardo@gmail.com) on 2018-03-16T18:11:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Berardo - O Tema da Prova (final).pdf: 920491 bytes, checksum: 47c25d90e77571deb69e5d4661cf8ab2 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Thais Oliveira (thais.oliveira@fgv.br) on 2018-03-16T18:13:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Berardo - O Tema da Prova (final).pdf: 920491 bytes, checksum: 47c25d90e77571deb69e5d4661cf8ab2 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Isabele Garcia (isabele.garcia@fgv.br) on 2018-03-16T20:46:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Berardo - O Tema da Prova (final).pdf: 920491 bytes, checksum: 47c25d90e77571deb69e5d4661cf8ab2 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-16T20:46:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Berardo - O Tema da Prova (final).pdf: 920491 bytes, checksum: 47c25d90e77571deb69e5d4661cf8ab2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-17
Este trabalho quer apresentar a discussão referente ao tema da prova na análise das concentrações empresariais pelo Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (CADE) no âmbito da Lei n. 12.529/2011, notadamente diante da constatação de que tal análise, necessariamente prognóstica, se dá sob fortes condições de incerteza quanto à conformação e à dinâmica dos mercados após a consumação do ato de concentração. A discussão justifica-se para assegurar a aplicação isonômica da Lei por parte da autoridade, em um contexto em que há prognoses concorrentes a respeito de tal conformação de mercado, cabendo ao CADE fazer uma ponderação de probabilidade, verossimilhança ou plausibilidade a respeito dessas prognoses, a partir de informações apresentadas pelas empresas interessadas na consumação de uma concentração e obtidas junto a outros agentes do mercado, como concorrentes, clientes e fornecedores. Após contextualizar criticamente o quadro normativo aplicável à matéria, inclusive no que toca ao tema da incerteza, e apresentar a metodologia tradicional de análise dos chamados “atos de concentração”, cristalizada no Guia para Análise de Atos de Concentração Horizontal, editado pelas autoridades de defesa da concorrência, à luz de sua fundamentação perante a teoria econômica, o estudo examina os antecedentes históricos da matéria probatória no âmbito das concentrações no Direito Comparado, para então delimitar as discussões, no Direito Brasileiro, sobre o ônus da prova, standard probatório e os meios de prova disponíveis no âmbito do exame das concentrações no Brasil. O capítulo final conclui com recomendações voltadas ao tratamento prático do tema, considerando as especificidades apontadas ao longo do estudo.
The work aims to present the discussion regarding the theme of evidence in the review of corporate concentrations by the Administrative Council for Economic Defense (CADE) pursuant to Law no. 12,529/2011, especially in view of the conclusion that this review, necessarily forward-looking, is conducted under strong uncertainty as to market conformation and dynamics following consummation of the merger. The debate is required to assure equal enforcement of the Law by the authority, in a context in which there are competing prognoses about these market conformation, resting upon the CADE to assess the probabilities, likelihoods or plausibility of those prognoses, based upon information submitted by the merging parties and obtained from other market agents, such as competitors, clients and suppliers. After critically contextualizing the normative frame applicable to the subject, including the topic of uncertainty, and presenting the traditional methodology for the analysis of merger cases, in the form of the Horizontal Merger Guidelines edited by the competition authorities, the study reviews the history of the antecedents of the discussions about evidence in the context of merger control in Comparative Law, so it can then delineate the debate, under Brazilian Law, about the burden of proof, standard of proof and means of proof available in merger control review in Brazil. The final chapter concludes with recommendations regarding practical aspects of the matter, considering the particularities identified throughout the analysis.
Dias, Roberta Benito. "Contribuição do juiz e das partes na instrução probatória." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-12022014-152648/.
Повний текст джерелаThis study, working on the premise that procedural law, as well as law itself, suffers intense influence of social values and societys historical, political and cultural determinants in which it operates, has the scope of analyzing the influence of the instrumentalist and publicist conceptions, the toughening of its ethical content and other methodological premises of the current civil procedure in the denominated division of labor between judge and parties throughout the procedural path, and notably in the evidentiary activity, so as to recognize, based on the constitutional model of the Brazilian civil procedure, the existence of genuine obligations of the parties and the judge regarding evidentiary matter and analyze the legal consequences of their noncompliance.
Abid, Chiraz. "L'établissement du contenu du droit aplicable en matière d'arbitrage international." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D042.
Повний текст джерелаThe role of the arbital tribunal in the establishment of the content of the applicable law on the merits is not envisaged in most of the arbitration statutes. This brings us to examine the principle ''jura novit curia" and the opportunity of its application to international arbitration. Applying this principle in the same way it is applied before state courts to international arbitration has led to several difficulties. However in order to encourage the parties to resort to arbitration and to increase their trust in this conflict resolution mechanism, the arbitrator must be actively involved in the establishment of the content of the applicable law. Moreover, the "ex officia" attributions of the arbitrator should always comply with the due process principles. The administration of the proof of the applicable law during an arbitration procedure is nowadays standardized in most of the different law systems, due to the continuous efforts of the arbitration institutions. However, and despite the numerous advantages of the current methods of establishment of the applicable law, many difficulties are still encountered, which is diminishing the efficiency and the celerity expected by the parties from the arbitration process. Therefore, news methods should be developed, without however compromising the quality of the justice rendered: a post arbitral control must be implemented in order to verify whether the arbitrator has correctly applied the law on the merits "as previously established" to the case at hand, while respecting the principle of non review of the award on the merits
Mällberg, Camilla. "Quality Assurance in the Review Process of the Swedish EIA System." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-118505.
Повний текст джерелаÅr 2050 förväntas världens befolkning överstiga nio miljarder och det är mycket viktigt att vidta åtgärder mot en hållbar utveckling. Det har skett en tydlig internationell enighet om vikten av att bedöma projekts miljöpåverkan som ett medel för att främja en hållbar utveckling. Miljökonsekvensbeskrivningssystemet har en grundläggande roll som verktyg för att nå en hållbar utveckling. Därför är det viktigt att kontinuerligt förbättra dess kvalitet genom att utvärdera systemet. Denna studie fokuserar på kvaliteten av granskningsprocessen i det svenska MKB-systemet, eftersom det är det sista steget i kvalitetssäkringen innan det slutliga beslutsfattandet. För närvarande har olika myndigheter ansvaret för att bedöma kvaliteten på miljökonsekvensbeskrivningen (MKB), vilket naturligtvis kan leda till varierande kvalitet på handläggningen. Syftet med detta examensarbete var att ifrågasätta kvaliteten av den pågående granskningen i det svenska MKB-systemet och öka medvetenheten om hur det möjligen kan förbättras. En strategi för att främja likvärdighet i granskningen finns i det nederländska MKB-systemet, där en oberoende nationell myndighet uppbyggd av experter är satt till att kritiskt granska miljökonsekvensbeskrivningar av komplexa föreslagna projekt. Målet för denna studie var att bidra med forskning om huruvida Sverige bör införa en oberoende nationell kommission för att granska kvaliteten på miljökonsekvensbeskrivningar, att identifiera deltagarnas åsikter och attityder kring ämnet och att analysera om det är fördelaktigt och möjligt att modifiera det nuvarande systemet. En jämförelse med den nederländska granskningsprocessen tillsammans med åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes, och resultaten visade att det är troligt att den svenska granskningsprocessen kan förbättras genom att införa en nationell oberoende granskningsmyndighet och därmed öka den nuvarande standarden och enhetligheten. Studien visade också att det inte skulle leda till några större förluster av det nuvarande systemet. Genom att använda en nationell myndighet, kan standardiserade arbetsmetoder utvecklas och självständighet kan nås genom att utnyttja objektiva granskare. Möjliga problem är finansieringsbestämmelser och behovet av att ändra svensk miljölagstiftning. Det är också sannolikt att en nationell kommission inte skulle ha tillräckliga resurser för att granska alla inkommande miljökonsekvensbeskrivningar, i och med det krävs begränsningar.
PONTE, FLAVIO VINCENZO. "I danni da dequalificazione e demansionamento." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/98.
Повний текст джерелаThe dissertation concerns torts and liability in case of transgression of the paragraph 2103 of the Italian civil code. The first chapter is dedicated to torts and liability theories. The second chapter is about various kinds of torts, in the Italian civil code regulation. The author speaks about downgrading consequences, involving workers' health and competences. Moreover he speaks about the loss of enjoyment of life, pain and suffering, caused by the employer's unlawful behaviour. The third chapter concerns workers' insurance, halfway social insurance and accident insurance.
PONTE, FLAVIO VINCENZO. "I danni da dequalificazione e demansionamento." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/98.
Повний текст джерелаThe dissertation concerns torts and liability in case of transgression of the paragraph 2103 of the Italian civil code. The first chapter is dedicated to torts and liability theories. The second chapter is about various kinds of torts, in the Italian civil code regulation. The author speaks about downgrading consequences, involving workers' health and competences. Moreover he speaks about the loss of enjoyment of life, pain and suffering, caused by the employer's unlawful behaviour. The third chapter concerns workers' insurance, halfway social insurance and accident insurance.
Phillips, Catharine. "Prisoner, prison and situational characteristics and their relationship with the prevalence, incidence and type of prison offending recorded by a sample of prisoners within Western Australian prisons." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2163.
Повний текст джерелаHuang, Feng-jiau, and 黃鳳嬌. "The obligation and burden of proof of pulling together on tax law." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38710490605395454586.
Повний текст джерелаChiu, Yung-Wei, and 邱永緯. "Burden of Proof and Obligation of Cooperation on Tax Law – Focus on Tax Avoidance Preventing." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2z9w44.
Повний текст джерела東吳大學
法律學系
102
In the process of adjudicating the proceedings, the court in accordance with the facts as they are identified in order to apply the relevant legal norms. The court finds that the facts completely rely on evidence gathered in adjudicating presented with proof that a reasonable objective identified, still obtaining of evaluation of evidence. If the evidences may not prove the existence of the truth and the court cannot refuse to judge the case, under the premise, it comes to who should be borne such proof does not interest on the burden of proof; however, in tax cases, the fact that most of the elements occur in the taxpayer side, closer to its evidence under the premise of the tax law to make public law claims can be reasonably achieved, which requires the taxpayer should bear the relevant obligation of cooperation. Meanwhile, in cases, how much it should have evidentiary value of the evidence presented before the court for the facts to be proved to be truth, which is also relevant to the burden of proof and obligation of cooperation. Therefore, the thesis first on procedural matters to prove burden of proof on the concept of exactly why this distinction subjective and objective under which there are, what is the difference when it is beneficial in authority investigations of administrative litigation; the burden of proof on the tax litigation principles and relevant adjustments to the court in the authenticity of the alleged facts as unknown how this criterion should, in particular, that the taxpayer itself to be due to legal obligations of cooperation of its extent, exposure, and keep on what will be discussed in this thesis. In order to testify the theories, this study focuses on tax avoidance, making it valid for the prevention, in the current burden of proof of legal norms, obligation of cooperation of the taxpayer and the standard of proof adjustments made in accordance with relevant research analysis and make relevant recommendations should be modified current practice or legal norms, for reference at the end of the thesis.
I, Chung-Yun, and 易昌運. "A Study of the Burden of Proof in Administrative Litigation under Tax Law: Exemplified by Proceedings under Income Tax Law and Estate and Gift Tax Law." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13816360097782315049.
Повний текст джерелаVinagre, Arlindo da Silva. "A prova documental em processo civil." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/9145.
Повний текст джерелаA razão de ter escolhido como tema do meu trabalho “A prova documental em processo civil”, prende-se, por um lado, na importância que a mesma tem no quadro da disciplina em causa e nos Tribunais para uma decisão justa e, por outro lado, no gosto pelo tema e pela matéria a ele associados. A prova é uma espécie de suporte da verdade em Processo Civil. É através dela que se consegue criar na mente do Juiz a convicção da verdade dos factos, que se vai traduzir numa decisão justa e acertada por parte do mesmo juiz e vai criar um sentimento de Justiça, tanto da parte do julgador como dos réus, das pessoas que assistam ao julgamento ou nele tenham qualquer participação e da sociedade. Provar é produzir um estado de certeza na consciência do pensamento do juíz para sua convicção a respeito da existência ou não de um facto ou da verdade ou falsidade de uma afirmação sobre uma situação de facto que se considera de interesse para a solução judicial ou solução de um processo em concreto. Podemos considerar que a prova é conceituada em dois sentidos, um sentido objectivo e outro subjectivo. No sentido objectivo, consiste nos meios destinados a fornecer ao juíz o conhecimento da verdade dos factos, não de uma verdade formal, mas sim de uma verdade material. Em sentido subjectivo, consiste na convicção que as provas produzidas num determinado processo geram no espírito ou na mente do Juiz quanto à existência ou não dos factos. Uma sentença justa é importante para todas as partes envolvidas e para a confiança que os cidadãos depositam na justiça. Ora, só se conseguem boas decisões com uma prova cabal e devidamente fundamentada. O sentimento de justiça é um sentimento apaziguador, de bem-estar e paz social. “Trata-se simplesmente da convicção de verdade e não necessariamente da verdade porque a correspondência entre factos históricos e os factos dados como provados é sempre desconhecida”.
Chiang, Chia-Lun, and 蔣佳倫. "A Possibility Research on the Reception of the Business Judgement Rules of US Law in Taiwan – Focusing on the Reorientation of the Duty of Care and the Burden of Proof." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4t5vth.
Повний текст джерела靜宜大學
法律學系
105
The Business Judgment Rule (BJR) originates from American company law. It is related to the duty of care under the duty of fiduciary for the corporate executives. In practice, the BJR endows them in terms of operational decision-making to mediate the highly intensive duty of care and enable them to take bolder and innovative strategic ideologies in order to promote the overall economic growth of the companies, avoid interference from lawsuits, which could bring forth chilling effect. It's a safe haven for mishaps caused by wrong decision-making. After the Article 23 of the Company Act of Taiwan ROC was amended with reference to the law of the United States, the corporate executives are now obligated to exercise duty of loyalty and highly-intensive duty of care, yet the related BJR in actual practice in the US has been largely overlooked. This may have a significant impact on the decision-making of the business operators, the management of the companies, even the overall economic development of a country. The research of this thesis starts with the fiduciary duty in the United States, and further introduces the BJR by means of citing a few related court verdicts for a keen observation of its actual practice in Taiwan. The core issue of the research lies in this: In view of the difficulties and the turmoil of law amendments, we attempt to explore the issue from two phases - the duty of care and the burden of proof. In actual practice, through the reorientation of the content of duty of care in Taiwanese company law and the introduction of “obligation de moyens” of French law, we would encourage the court to apply the BJR without making any change to the lex lata. The final part ends with our view of raising the issues that have to be simultaneously addressed in Taiwan when adopting the BJR.
Goldswain, George Kenneth. "The winds of change : an analysis and appraisal of selected constitutional issues affecting the rights of taxpayers." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/9358.
Повний текст джерелаAccounting Science
D.Compt.
Msiza, Vusumuzi Frank. "SARS' powers with regard to tax clearance certificates." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23808.
Повний текст джерелаFinancial Accounting
M. Compt. (Accounting Sciences)
Prévost, Marie Denise 1971. "The conflict between free trade and public health measures : the role of science." Diss., 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15825.
Повний текст джерелаLaw
LL.M.
Prevost, Marie Denise 1971. "The conflict between free trade and public health measures : the role of science." Diss., 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15825.
Повний текст джерелаLaw
LL.M.
Gamieldien, Mogamad Faaik. "An annotated translation of the manuscript Irshad Al-MuqallidinʾInda Ikhtilaf Al-Mujtahidin (Advice to the laity when the juristconsults differ) by Abu Muhammad Al-Shaykh Sidiya Baba Ibn Al-Shaykh Al-Shinqiti Al-Itisha- I (D. 1921/1342) and a synopsis and commentary of its dominant themes". Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25753.
Повний текст джерелаIn pre-colonial Africa, the Southwestern Sahara which includes Mauritania, Mali and Senegal belonged to what was then referred to as the Sudan and extended from the Atlantic seaboard to the Red Sea. The advent of Islam and the Arabic language to West Africa in the 11th century heralded an intellectual marathon whose literary output still fascinates us today. At a time when Europe was emerging from the dark ages and Africa was for most Europeans a terra incognita, indigenous African scholars were composing treatises as diverse as mathematics, agriculture and the Islamic sciences. A twentieth century Mauritanian, Arabic monograph, Irshād al- Muqallidīn ʿinda ikhtilāf al-Mujtahidīn1, written circa 1910/1332, by a yet unknown Mauritanian jurist of the Mālikī School, Bāba bin al-Shaykh Sīdī al- Shinqīṭī al-Ntishā-ī (d.1920/1342), a member of the muchacclaimed Shinqīṭī fraternity of scholars, is a fine example of African literary accomplishment. This manuscript hereinafter referred to as the Irshād, is written within the legal framework of Islamic jurisprudence (usūl al-fiqh). A science that relies for the most part on the intellectual and interpretive competence of the independent jurist, or mujtahid, in the application of the methodologies employed in the extraction of legal norms from the primary sources of the sharīʿah. The subject matter of the Irshād deals with the question of juristic differences. Juristic differences invariably arise when a mujtahid exercises his academic freedom to clarify or resolve conundrums in the law and to postulate legal norms. Other independent jurists (mujtahidūn) may posit different legal norms because of the exercise of their individual interpretive skills. These differences, when they are deemed juristically irreconcilable, are called ikhtilāfāt (pl. of ikhtilāf). The author of the Irshād explores a corollary of the ikhtilāf narrative and posits the hypothesis that there ought not to be ikhtilāf in the sharīʿah. The proposed research will comprise an annotated translation of the monograph followed by a synopsis and commentary on its dominant themes.
Religious Studies and Arabic
D. Litt. et Phil. (Islamic Studies)