Статті в журналах: "Bulk magnets"

1

Saito, Tetsuji, Masahiro Tanaka, and Daisuke Nishio-Hamane. "Production of Mn-Ga Magnets." Materials 17, no. 4 (February 14, 2024): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17040882.

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Mn-based magnets are known to be a candidate for use as rare-earth-free magnets. In this study, Mn-Ga bulk magnets were successfully produced by hot pressing using the spark plasma sintering method on Mn-Ga powder prepared from rapidly solidified Mn-Ga melt-spun ribbons. When consolidated at 773 K and 873 K, the Mn-Ga bulk magnets had fine grains and exhibited high coercivity values. The origin of the high coercivity of the Mn-Ga bulk magnets was the existence of the D022 phase. The Mn-Ga bulk magnet consolidated at 873 K exhibited the highest coercivity of 6.40 kOe.

2

Saito, Tetsuji, and Daisuke Nishio-Hamane. "Production of Nd-Fe-B bulk nanocomposite magnets by hot deformation." AIP Advances 13, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 025040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/9.0000381.

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In this study, the effects of Nd70Cu30 alloy powder addition on the microstructures and magnetic properties of Nd4Fe77.5B18.5 hot-deformed magnets were investigated. The Nd4Fe77.5B18.5 hot-deformed magnets consisted of the α-Fe, Fe3B, and Nd2Fe14B phases and were found to be nanocomposite. The coercivity of the Nd4Fe77.5B18.5 bulk nanocomposite magnets increased with Nd70Cu30 alloy powder addition. It was found that the Nd70Cu30 alloy reacted with the α-Fe and Fe3B phases in the Nd4Fe77.5B18.5 bulk nanocomposite magnets and formed the Nd2Fe14B phase. The Nd-Fe-B bulk nanocomposite magnet with 30% Nd70Cu30 alloy exhibited a high remanence of 9.72 kG and a high coercivity of 2.65 kOe.

3

Ma, Jun. "The Effect of the Horizontal Distance between the Permanent Magnets on the Levitation Force in Hybrid Magnetic Levitation System." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 987–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.987.

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It has been investigated that the interaction force in hybrid magnetic levitation systems with a GdBCO bulk superconductor and a permanent magnet system and two permanent magnets (PM2) and two cubic permanent magnets (PM3) system in their coaxial configuration at liquid nitrogen temperature. A single-domain GdBCO sample is of 20mm and 10mm in thickness, the permanent magnet PM1 is of rectangular parallelepiped shape, the permanent magnets PM2 and PM3 are of cubic shape; the system placed on the middle of system and their coaxial configuration; It is found that the maximum levitation force decreases from 46.3N to 16.3N while the horizontal distance (Dpp) between the rectangle permanent magnet and two cubic permanent magnets (PM2) is increased from 0mm to 24mm and the horizontal distance (Dsp) between a GdBCO bulk superconductor and two cubic permanent magnets (PM3) is 0mm, The results indicate that the higher levitation force can be obtained by introducing PM-PM levitation system based on scientific and reasonable design of the hybrid magnetic levitation system, which is helpful for designing and constructing superconducting magnetic levitation systems.

4

Yue, Ming, Meng Tian, Wei Qiang Liu та Jiu Xing Zhang. "Spark Plasma Sintering Nd₂Fe₁₄B/α-Fe Bulk Exchange-Spring Magnets". Materials Science Forum 475-479 (січень 2005): 2161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.2161.

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The Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe bulk exchange-spring magnets have been prepared by spark plasma sintering melt spun Nd9.8Dy0. 4Fe78.4Co5.6B5.8 flakes under different temperatures and pressures. It was found that higher sintering temperature improved the densification of the magnets, while deteriorated their magnetic properties simultaneously. An increased compressive pressure can restrain the grain growth remarkably and then leads to better magnetic properties and higher density for the magnet at same sintering temperature. XRD analysis showed that with the increase of sintering pressure, some peaks indicating c-axis texture such as (006) and (105) became dominant. As a result, the bulk magnet exhibited higher remanence and maximum energy product than starting powders.

5

Ma, Jun. "The Effect of the Distance between the Permanent Magnets on the Levitation Force in Hybrid Magnetic Levitation System." Advanced Materials Research 721 (July 2013): 278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.721.278.

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t has been investigated that the interaction force in hybrid magnetic levitation systems with two GdBCO bulk superconductors and two permanent magnets system and a cubic permanent magnet (PM2) and a cubic permanent magnet (PM3) system in their coaxial configuration at liquid nitrogen temperature. The two single-domain GdBCO samples are of φ20mm and 10mm in thickness, the permanent magnet PM1 is of rectangular parallelepiped shape, the permanent magnets PM2 and PM3 are of cubic shape; the system placed on the middle of system and their coaxial configuration; It is found that the maximum levitation force decreases from 40.6N to 17.8N while the distance (Dpp) between the permanent magnets is increased from 0mm to 24mm and the distance (Dsp) between the two GdBCO bulk superconductors and a cubic permanent magnet PM3 is 0mm, The results indicate that the higher levitation force can be obtained by introducing PM-PM levitation system based on scientific and reasonable design of the hybrid magnetic levitation system, which is helpful for designing and constructing superconducting magnetic levitation systems.

6

Liao, Hengpei, Weijia Yuan, Zhiwei Zhang, and Min Zhang. "Magnetization mechanism of a hybrid high temperature superconducting trapped field magnet." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 2 (January 14, 2023): 023902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0133219.

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This paper studies the magnetization mechanism of a hybrid high temperature superconducting (HTS) trapped field magnet. To address the size limitation of traditional HTS bulk materials, hybridization between HTS-stacked ring magnets and HTS bulks is proposed here. A jointless HTS-stacked ring magnet is used to increase the trapped field area for HTS bulks. A hybrid HTS magnet with 90 mm in length and 60 mm in width was tested to provide a trapped field of 7.35 T in a field cooling magnetization. The paper focuses mainly on understanding the novel magnetization mechanism of this hybrid HTS trapped field magnet. A numerical model based on homogenized H formulation was used to compare with experimental results, and a good match was found. Our experimental and numerical study of the electromagnetic interaction between the HTS-stacked ring magnet and the HTS bulks reveals that there are two magnetization stages, and the magnetization speed differs in these two stages by a sing criterion: whether the HTS-stacked ring magnet is fully penetrated or not. This study confirms that hybridization helps to build large HTS trapped field magnets.

7

Vuong, Nguyen Van. "MnBi Magnetic Material: A Critical Review." Communications in Physics 29, no. 4 (December 16, 2019): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/29/4/14326.

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Manganese Bismuth (MnBi) - the ferromagnetic material attracting a great interest of the world magnetic society last years. The absence of rare-earth elements in compositions, the sizable magnetocrystalline anisotropy, the room-temperature moderate but high-temperature reasonable magnetization plus the positive temperature coefficient of coercivity and the moderate Curie temperature make MnBi bulk magnets very potential for high-temperature magnet application. This bright future is a little gray because the research results in the past were not as expected. The paper summarizes the results concerning the MnBi alloys, powders and bulk magnets investigated during past 67 years. The look on the difficulties inhibiting the development of this material is given and the proposals that might allow overcoming the difficulties and push again the efforts of research towards the goal of 12 MGOe for the energy product (BH)max of MnBi bulk magnets are discussed.

8

Saito, Tetsuji. "Production of Sm2Fe17N3 Bulk Magnets." Inorganics 12, no. 4 (March 23, 2024): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12040095.

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Sm2Fe17N3 powder exhibits excellent magnetic properties but is unstable and decomposes into α-Fe and SmN phases at high temperatures. Therefore, the key to producing Sm2Fe17N3 bulk magnets is to reduce the deterioration of Sm2Fe17N3 powder during sintering. Herein, Sm2Fe17N3 bulk magnets were made using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method with the addition of zinc stearate powder and zinc powder. Adding small amounts of zinc stearate powder and zinc powder improved the magnetic anisotropy and the coercivity of the magnets, respectively. The magnets produced by the SPS method using zinc stearate powder and zinc powder exhibited enhanced magnetic properties almost comparable to those of Sm2Fe17N3 powder.

9

Oka, Tetsuo, Tomoki Muraya, Nobutaka Kawasaki, Satoshi Fukui, Jun Ogawa, Takao Sato, and Toshihisa Terasawa. "Magnetizing of permanent magnets using HTS bulk magnets." Cryogenics 52, no. 1 (January 2012): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2011.10.005.

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10

Vuong, Nguyen Van. "HIGHLY ANISOTROPIC MnBi MAGNETS." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 1A (March 16, 2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/54/1a/11806.

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The rare-earth-free MnBi magnetic material is promising for high-temperature (150 200 oC) application of permanent magnets because of its large magnetocrystalline energy and especially the positive thermal coefficient of coercivity (dHc/dT > 0). Because of the moderate value of the spontaneous magnetization Ms 74 emu/g, the anisotropy of MnBi bulk magnets should be investigated to enhance the remanence Mr. With large ratio Mr/Ms and appropriate microstructure, the squareness of MnBi magnets should have high value leading the remanent coercivity bHc close to the intrinsic coercivity iHc, thus enhancing the energy product (BH)max. The paper presents an approach to loading and compacting of MnBi powders in the 18 kOe magnetic field oriented perpendicular to the pressing direction where MnBi grains can be freely rotated and oriented parallel to the field direction. Based on the energy minimization of the assembly of magnetized grains, the compacting pressure was chosen to optimize two parameters, the mass density and the coercivity iHc of magnets. The prepared MnBi bulk magnet had 8.4 g/cm3, Mr/Ms 0.92, 0.89 and (BH)max reached 8.4 MGOe.

11

Ikram, Awais, Muhammad Awais, Richard Sheridan, Allan Walton, Spomenka Kobe, Franci Pušavec, and Kristina Žužek Rožman. "Limitations in the Grain Boundary Processing of the Recycled HDDR Nd-Fe-B System." Materials 13, no. 16 (August 10, 2020): 3528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13163528.

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Fully dense spark plasma sintered recycled and fresh HDDR Nd-Fe-B nanocrystalline bulk magnets were processed by surface grain boundary diffusion (GBD) treatment to further augment the coercivity and investigate the underlying diffusion mechanism. The fully dense SPS processed HDDR based magnets were placed in a crucible with varying the eutectic alloys Pr68Cu32 and Dy70Cu30 at 2–20 wt. % as direct diffusion source above the ternary transition temperature for GBD processing followed by secondary annealing. The changes in mass gain was analyzed and weighted against the magnetic properties. For the recycled magnet, the coercivity (HCi) values obtained after optimal GBDP yielded ~60% higher than the starting recycled HDDR powder and 17.5% higher than the SPS-ed processed magnets. The fresh MF-15P HDDR Nd-Fe-B based magnets gained 25–36% higher coercivities with Pr-Cu GBDP. The FEG-SEM investigation provided insight on the diffusion depth and EDXS analysis indicated the changes in matrix and intergranular phase composition within the diffusion zone. The mechanism of surface to grain boundary diffusion and the limitations to thorough grain boundary diffusion in the HDDR Nd-Fe-B based bulk magnets were detailed in this study.

12

Shen, Y., Z. Turgut, J. Horwath, and M. Huang. "Bulk nanocomposite LaCo5/LaCo13 magnets." Journal of Applied Physics 109, no. 7 (April 2011): 07A765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3562446.

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13

Wang, Fengqing, Weichuang Shen, Jinkui Fan, Juan Du, Kanghua Chen, and J. Ping Liu. "Strong texture in nanograin bulk Nd–Fe–B magnets via slow plastic deformation at low temperatures." Nanoscale 11, no. 13 (2019): 6062–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr00107g.

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14

Yokoyama, Kazuya, Tetsuo Oka, Hidehiko Okada, Yosuke Fujine, Akihiko Chiba, and Koshichi Noto. "Magnetic Separation Using Superconducting Bulk Magnets." TEION KOGAKU (Journal of Cryogenics and Superconductivity Society of Japan) 37, no. 11 (2002): 697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.2221/jcsj.37.697.

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15

Lee, D., S. Bauser, A. Higgins, C. Chen, S. Liu, M. Q. Huang, Y. G. Peng, and D. E. Laughlin. "Bulk anisotropic composite rare earth magnets." Journal of Applied Physics 99, no. 8 (April 15, 2006): 08B516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2171959.

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16

Gabay, A. M., Y. Zhang, and G. C. Hadjipanayis. "Bulk-hardened magnets based on Y2Co17." Journal of Applied Physics 90, no. 2 (July 15, 2001): 882–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1369394.

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17

Löffler, Jörg F., and Hans-Benjamin Braun. "Magnetization response in bulk nanostructured magnets." Materials Science and Engineering: A 449-451 (March 2007): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.02.322.

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18

An, Shizhong, Lei Zheng, Tianli Zhang, and Chengbao Jiang. "Bulk anisotropic nanocrystalline SmCo6.6Ti0.4 permanent magnets." Scripta Materialia 68, no. 6 (March 2013): 432–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2012.11.015.

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19

Oka, T., S. Hasebe, J. Ogawa, S. Fukui, T. Nakano, N. Sakai, M. Miryala, M. Murakami, and K. Yokoyama. "Novel magnetizing technique using high temperature superconducting bulk magnets for permanent magnets in interior permanent magnet rotors." Superconductor Science and Technology 33, no. 8 (June 29, 2020): 084003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ab9543.

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20

Zhang, J., Y. P. Feng, and Y. Li. "Bulk metallic glass formation, composite, and magnetic propertiesof Fe-B-Nd based alloys." Journal of Materials Research 24, no. 2 (February 2009): 357–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2009.0074.

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The glass formation in Fe-rich ternary Fe-B-Nd and quaternary (Fe,B,Nd)96Nb4 alloys has been studied and the best ternary and quaternary glass formers are located at Fe67B23Nd10 and (Fe68B25Nd7)Nb4 with critical diameters of 1 and 4 mm, respectively. For (Fe,B,Nd)96Nb4 alloys, the competing phases with glass were identified by monitoring the microstructure change. Fe14Nd2B was discovered to be one competing phase, which is the principle magnetic phase for Nd-Fe-B hard magnets. Composites with uniformly distributed Fe14Nd2B were formed for quaternary alloys with a diameter of 1.5 to 3 mm. Bulk hard magnets could be obtained by directly annealing the composites in a compositional area. A hard magnet with a coercivity of 1,100 kAm−1 and a maximum energy product, (BH)max, of 33 kJm–3 was obtained at (Fe67B23Nd10)96Nb4 by annealing. The combination of hard magnetic properties and the large critical sample size may make these alloys a commercially viable candidate for industrial applications.

21

Jing, Hai Lian, Jun Zheng, Xing Lin Liao, Zi Gang Deng, Xin Chen, Fei Yen, and Jing Li. "Magnetization Method Design of Bulk Multi-Seeded High Temperature Superconductors." Materials Science Forum 745-746 (February 2013): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.745-746.185.

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The potential application of bulk high temperature superconductor (HTS) magnets has attracted much attention because of the potential high trapped flux in HTS magnets. This paper focuses on the magnetization method design of bulk multi-seeded HTS magnets for obtaining their better flux-trapping performance. Firstly, three different magnetization methods were carried out based on the current experimental setup to find a better way of magnetizing a bulk melt-texture three-seeded YBaCuO superconductor. The experimental results indicated that when the three domains of this three-seeded YBaCuO bulk were magnetized in order, the maximum trapped flux was higher than that when only one domain was magnetized. However, this method costs about three times of the magnetization time than the other two methods and the increasing ratio was only about 11.11%. It has been found that another method of magnetizing only the middle domain could also get a good result such as the uniformity of trapped flux is good. In order to improve the current experimental magnetization conditions for further improvement, two sheets of iron were designed to attach two poles of the electromagnet (Lakeshore, Model EM4-CV) for increasing the magnetizing area, and that all domains of a bulk multi-seeded HTS can be magnetized in one time. Firstly, the appropriate size and thickness of the iron sheets was simulated and optimized by Comsol Multiphysics. It has been found that the magnetic field between two poles was highest when the thickness of iron was 2 mm and the length was 68 mm. Then, the simulating and optimization results had been verified by the following experiments. According to the comparison experiments, it is proved that to choose the magnetization method that only magnetizing the middle domain with the improved setup is helpful to obtain larger and more homogeneous magnetic flux for the bulk multi-seeded HTS magnet due to the added iron sheets.

22

Goll, Dagmar, Felix Trauter, Timo Bernthaler, Jochen Schanz, Harald Riegel, and Gerhard Schneider. "Additive Manufacturing of Bulk Nanocrystalline FeNdB Based Permanent Magnets." Micromachines 12, no. 5 (May 10, 2021): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12050538.

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Lab scale additive manufacturing of Fe-Nd-B based powders was performed to realize bulk nanocrystalline Fe-Nd-B based permanent magnets. For fabrication a special inert gas process chamber for laser powder bed fusion was used. Inspired by the nanocrystalline ribbon structures, well-known from melt-spinning, the concept was successfully transferred to the additive manufactured parts. For example, for Nd16.5-Pr1.5-Zr2.6-Ti2.5-Co2.2-Fe65.9-B8.8 (excess rare earth (RE) = Nd, Pr; the amount of additives was chosen following Magnequench (MQ) powder composition) a maximum coercivity of µ0Hc = 1.16 T, remanence Jr = 0.58 T and maximum energy density of (BH)max = 62.3 kJ/m3 have been achieved. The most important prerequisite to develop nanocrystalline printed parts with good magnetic properties is to enable rapid solidification during selective laser melting. This is made possible by a shallow melt pool during laser melting. Melt pool depths as low as 20 to 40 µm have been achieved. The printed bulk nanocrystalline Fe-Nd-B based permanent magnets have the potential to realize magnets known so far as polymer bonded magnets without polymer.

23

Kondo, Noriyo, Kazuya Yokoyama, and Sumio Hosaka. "Magnetic Separation of Organic Dyes in Wastewater Using Superconducting Bulk Magnets." Key Engineering Materials 534 (January 2013): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.534.99.

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We propose a magnetic separation system using superconducting bulk magnets to effectively separate organic dyes in wastewater. Two key technologies are applied in this system: magnetic seeding and magnetic separation. Magnetic activated carbons (MACs) are used to adsorb organic dyes Orange II and Crystal violet, which serve as magnetic seeds. We set up a magnetic separator by placing an acrylic pipe between the magnetic poles of a face-to-face superconducting bulk magnet for high gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) with the use of a stainless steel filter, composed of ferromagnetic wire stuffed into acrylic pipe. The experimental results show that the adsorption ratios of 99% and the separation ratios of over 97% were achieved at low flow rate for the organic dyes.

24

Liu, Zhong Wu, Y. L. Huang, H. Y. Huang, X. C. Zhong, Hong Ya Yu, and De Chang Zeng. "Isotropic and Anisotropic Nanocrystalline NdFeB-Based Magnets Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering and Hot Deformation." Key Engineering Materials 510-511 (May 2012): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.510-511.307.

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Isotropic and anisotropic NdFeB permanent magnets were prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) and SPS followed hot deformation (HD), respectively, using melt spun NdFeB ribbons with various compositions as starting materials. It is found that, based on RE-rich composition, SPSed magnets sintered at low temperatures (<700 C) almost maintained the uniform fine grain structure inherited from rapid quenching. At higher temperatures, a distinct two-zone (coarse grain and fine grain zones) structure was formed in the SPSed magnets. The SPS temperature and pressure have important effects on the grain structure, which led to the variations in the magnetic properties. By employing low SPS temperature and high pressure, high-density magnets with negligible coarse grain zone and an excellent combination of magnetic properties can be obtained. For single phase NdFeB alloy, because of the deficiency of Nd-rich phases, it is relatively difficult to consolidate micro-sized melt spun powders into high density bulk magnet, but generally a larger particle size is beneficial to achieve better magnetic properties. Anisotropic magnets with a maximum energy product of ~38 MGOe were produced by the SPS+HD process. HD did not lead to obvious grain growth and the two-zone structure still existed in the hot deformed magnets. The results indicated that nanocrystalline NdFeB magnets without significant grain growth and with excellent properties could be obtained by SPS and HD processes.

25

Grau, Laura, Peter Fleissner, Spomenka Kobe, and Carlo Burkhardt. "Processability and Separability of Commercial Anti-Corrosion Coatings Produced by In Situ Hydrogen-Processing of Magnetic Scrap (HPMS) Recycling of NdFeB." Materials 17, no. 11 (May 21, 2024): 2487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17112487.

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The recycling of NdFeB magnets is necessary to ensure a reliable and ethical supply of rare earth elements as critical raw materials. This has been recognized internationally, prompting the implementation of large-scale legislative measured aimed at its resolution; for example, an ambitious recycling quote has been established in the Critical Raw Materials Act Successful recycling in sufficient quantities is challenged by product designs that do not allow the extraction and recycling of these high-performance permanent magnets without excessive effort and cost. This is particularly true for smaller motors using NdFeB magnets. Therefore, methods of recycling such arrangements with little or no dismantling are being researched. They are tested for the hydrogen-processing of magnetic scrap (HPMS) method, a short-loop mechanical recycling process. As contamination of the recycled material with residues of anti-corrosion coatings, adhesives, etc., may lead to downcycling, the separability of such residues from bulk magnets and magnet powder is explored. It is found that the hydrogen permeability, expansion volume, and the chosen coating affect the viable preparation and separation methods as recyclability-relevant design features.

26

Fuchs, G., G. Krabbes, P. Schätzle, S. Gruss, P. Verges, K. H. Müller, J. Fink, L. Schultz, and H. Eschrig. "Bulk superconducting magnets with fields beyond 14T." Physica B: Condensed Matter 294-295 (January 2001): 398–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(00)00686-4.

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27

Xiao, Q. F., E. Brück, Z. D. Zhang, F. R. de Boer, and K. H. J. Buschow. "Remanence enhancement in nanocrystalline CoPt bulk magnets." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 336, no. 1-2 (April 2002): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388(01)01878-3.

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28

Li, Tiancong, Bo Jiang, Li Lou, Yingxin Hua, Jieqiong Gao, Jinyi Wang, and Xiaohong Li. "Bulk SmCo3 nanocrystalline magnets with magnetic anisotropy." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 502 (May 2020): 166552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2020.166552.

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29

Morita, Mitsuru, Ken Nagashima, Sciki Takebayashi, Masato Murakami, and Mitsuru Sawamura. "Trapped field of YBa2Cu3O7 QMG bulk magnets." Materials Science and Engineering: B 53, no. 1-2 (May 1998): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5107(97)00320-6.

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30

Fujimoto, H., and H. Kamijo. "Superconducting bulk magnets for magnetic levitation systems." Physica C: Superconductivity 335, no. 1-4 (June 2000): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4534(00)00148-9.

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31

Bender, Philipp, Jonathan Leliaert, Mathias Bersweiler, Dirk Honecker, and Andreas Michels. "Unraveling Nanostructured Spin Textures in Bulk Magnets." Small Science 1, no. 1 (September 6, 2020): 2000003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202000003.

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32

Bender, Philipp, Jonathan Leliaert, Mathias Bersweiler, Dirk Honecker, and Andreas Michels. "Unraveling Nanostructured Spin Textures in Bulk Magnets." Small Science 1, no. 1 (January 2021): 2170001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202170001.

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33

Saito, Tetsuji, Tomonari Takeuchi, and Hiroyuki Kageyama. "Structures and magnetic properties of Nd–Fe–B bulk nanocomposite magnets produced by the spark plasma sintering method." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 9 (September 2004): 2730–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0358.

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We studied the effects of the sintering temperature and applied pressure on Nd–Fe–B bulk nanocomposite magnets produced by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method. Amorphous Nd4Fe77.5B18.5 melt-spun ribbons were successfully consolidated into bulk form by the SPS method. When sintered at 873 K under applied pressures between 30 and 70 MPa, the bulk materials consisted of nanocomposite materials with a soft magnetic Fe3B phase and hard magnetic Nd2Fe14B phase. The density and magnetic properties of the bulk materials sintered at 873 K were strongly dependent on the applied pressure during sintering. Bulk Nd4Fe77.5B18.5 nanocomposite magnets sintered at 873 K under an applied pressure of 70 MPa showed a high remanence of 9.3 kG with a high coercivity of 2.5 kOe.

34

Liu, Zhong Wu. "New Developments in NdFeB-Based Permanent Magnets." Key Engineering Materials 510-511 (May 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.510-511.1.

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NdFeB based alloys have been used as permanent magnets for almost thirty years. The recent researches aim at optimizing the composition, microstructure and properties, reducing cost, and developing new processes. The demand for sintered magnet is increasing. Efforts are directed towards improving properties by controlling grain boundary diffusion, minimizing the rare earth (RE) content and also improving production yield. As for bonded magnets, to enhance remanence and energy product, nanocrystalline powders are employed. High thermal stability has been realized by mixing NdFeB with hard ferrite powders. For nanocrystalline and nanocomposite NdFeB based alloys, both compositional modification and microstructural optimization have been carried out. New approaches have also been proposed to prepare NdFeB magnets with idea structure. Surfactant assisted ball milling is a good top-down method to obtain nanosized hard magnetic particles and anisotropic nanoflakes. Synthesis of NdFeB nanoparticles and NdFeB/Fe (Co) nanocomposite powders by bottom-up techniques, such as chemical reduction process and co-precipitation, has been successful very recently. To assemble nanocrystalline NdFeB powders or nanoparticles into bulk magnets, various novel consolidation processes including spark plasma sintering and high velocity press have been employed. Hot deformation can be selected as the process to achieve anisotropy in nanocrystalline magnets.

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REAVES, K., K. KIM, K. IWAYA, T. HITOSUGI, H. G. KATZGRABER, H. ZHAO, K. R. DUNBAR, and W. TEIZER. "STM STUDIES OF ISOLATED Mn12-Ph SINGLE-MOLECULE MAGNETS." SPIN 03, no. 01 (March 2013): 1350004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010324713500045.

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We have studied Mn12O12(C6H5COO)16(H2O)4 (Mn12-Ph) single-molecule magnets on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (LT-STM) experiments. We report Mn12-Ph in isolation, resembling single molecules with metallic core atoms and organic outer ligands. The local tunneling current observed within the molecular structure shows a strong bias voltage dependency, which is distinct from that of the HOPG surface. Furthermore, evidence of internal inhomogeneity in the local density of states has been observed with high spatial resolution, and this inhomogeneity appears to be due to localized metallic behavior. These results facilitate magneto-metric studies of single-molecule magnets in isolation. As compared to bulk crystal studies, our experiments allow the specific investigation of atomic sites in the molecule.

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Lu, Q. M., S. Gao, Y. Q. Li, H. G. Zhang, W. Q. Liu, and M. Yue. "Grain refinement leading to the ultra-high coercivity in L1₀-Mn_1.33Ga bulk magnet via hot deformation." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 15 (April 11, 2022): 152403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0080903.

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We achieved ultra-high coercivity of 5.65 kOe in L10-Mn1.33Ga alloy via the hot deformation (HD) method and revealed the hardening mechanism. Hot deformation led to recrystallization and grain refinement, where the average grain size was reduced to about 1.5 μm for HD-88% magnet. The coercivity mechanism indicated a weak pinning model by magnetic mini-loop analysis. It was found that small grains were formed, accompanied by a certain number of {111} ⟨11-2⟩ twins for HD magnets. The magnetic domain observation showed that both the sub-micro grain boundary and the twin boundary were acted as the pinning center of the domain wall, but the latter had weaker pinning effect. The ultra-high coercivity of the HD-88% Mn1.33Ga magnet originated mainly from the pinning of the grain boundary enhanced by grain refinement. Further grain refinement and twin structure inhibition will be promising approaches in order to obtain higher magnetic properties for L10-MnxGa bulk magnets.

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Guo, You Guang, Jian Xun Jin, Jian Guo Zhu, and Hai Yan Lu. "Performance Analysis of a Linear Motor with HTS Bulk Magnets for Driving a Prototype HTS Maglev Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 416-417 (September 2013): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.33.

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This paper presents the performance analysis of a linear synchronous motor which employs high-temperature superconducting (HTS) bulk magnets on the mover and normal copper windings on the stator. The linear motor is designed to drive a prototype HTS maglev vehicle in which the mover is suspended by the levitation force between HTS bulks on the mover and permanent magnets on the ground. Finite element magnetic field analysis is conducted to calculate the major parameters of the linear motor and an equation is derived to calculate the electromagnetic thrust force. Theoretical calculations are verified by the measured results on the prototype.

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Oka, T., S. Hasebe, J. Ogawa, S. Fukui, T. Nakano, K. Yokoyama, M. Miryala, N. Sakai, and M. Murakami. "Magnetizing Technique for Permanent Magnets in IPM Motor Rotors Using HTS Bulk Magnet." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 30, no. 4 (June 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2020.2989181.

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Chubraeva, Lidia, Eugeniy Evseev, and Sergey Timofeev. "HTSC Bulk Magnetizing Control System for Cryogenic Alternators." Materials Science Forum 915 (March 2018): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.915.53.

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The first HTSC alternators developed and tested mainly contained the bulks on the rotor. The presentation covers the problem of HTSC bulks magnetizing control in an assembled cryogenic alternator with axial flux. Cylindrical bulks are positioned on the rotor of a synchronous machine and form a multi-pole excitation system. The trapped magnetic field may vary under a number of processes, magnetic flux creep included. A special system to control the value of bulk magnetization and the temperature in the cryogenic zone is developed. Similar system may by applied in cryogenic disc-type alternators with permanent magnets on the rotor.

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Trauter, F., J. Schanz, H. Riegel, T. Bernthaler, D. Goll, and G. Schneider. "Bulk Nanocrystalline Permanent Magnets by Selective Laser Melting." Practical Metallography 58, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 630–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pm-2021-0055.

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Abstract Fe-Nd-B powders were processed by additive manufacturing using laboratory scale selective laser melting to produce bulk nanocrystalline permanent magnets. The manufacturing process was carried out in a specially developed process chamber under Ar atmosphere. This resulted in novel types of microstructures with micrometer scale clusters of nanocrystalline hard magnetic grains. Owing to this microstructure, a maximum coercive field strength (coercivity) μ0Hc of 1.16 T, a remanence Jr of 0.58 T, and a maximum energy product (BH)max of 62.3 kJ/mm3could, for example, be obtained for the composition Nd16.5-Pr1.5-Zr2.6-Ti2.5-Co2.2-Fe65.9-B8.8.

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Trauter, F., J. Schanz, H. Riegel, T. Bernthaler, D. Goll, and G. Schneider. "Bulk Nanocrystalline Permanent Magnets by Selective Laser Melting." Practical Metallography 58, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 630–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pm-2021-0055.

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Abstract Fe-Nd-B powders were processed by additive manufacturing using laboratory scale selective laser melting to produce bulk nanocrystalline permanent magnets. The manufacturing process was carried out in a specially developed process chamber under Ar atmosphere. This resulted in novel types of microstructures with micrometer scale clusters of nanocrystalline hard magnetic grains. Owing to this microstructure, a maximum coercive field strength (coercivity) μ0Hc of 1.16 T, a remanence Jr of 0.58 T, and a maximum energy product (BH)max of 62.3 kJ/mm3could, for example, be obtained for the composition Nd16.5-Pr1.5-Zr2.6-Ti2.5-Co2.2-Fe65.9-B8.8.

42

Nguyen, Truong Xuan, Ngan Thuy Thi Dang, and Vuong Van Nguyen. "MnBi-Based Bulk Magnets: Preparation and Magnetic Performance." Journal of Electronic Materials 51, no. 3 (January 12, 2022): 1436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-021-09415-4.

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43

Madugundo, Rajasekhar, and George C. Hadjipanayis. "Anisotropic Mn-Al-(C) hot-deformed bulk magnets." Journal of Applied Physics 119, no. 1 (January 7, 2016): 013904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4939578.

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Lee, D., J. S. Hilton, C. H. Chen, M. Q. Huang, Y. Zhang, G. C. Hadjipanayis, and S. Liu. "Bulk Isotropic and Anisotropic Nanocomposite Rare-Earth Magnets." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 40, no. 4 (July 2004): 2904–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2004.829246.

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45

Yokoyama, K., T. Oka, H. Okada, and K. Noto. "High gradient magnetic separation using superconducting bulk magnets." Physica C: Superconductivity 392-396 (October 2003): 739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4534(03)00867-0.

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Hirakawa, M., S. Inadama, K. Kikukawa, E. Suzuki, and H. Nakasima. "Developments of superconducting motor with YBCO bulk magnets." Physica C: Superconductivity 392-396 (October 2003): 773–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4534(03)01213-9.

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47

Pawlik, Piotr, Hywel A. Davies, Waldemar Kaszuwara, and Jerzy J. Wysłocki. "PrFeCoB-based magnets derived from bulk alloy glass." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 290-291 (April 2005): 1243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.11.413.

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Fujimoto, Hiroyuki, and Hiroki Kamijo. "Preliminary study of superconducting bulk magnets for Maglev." Physica C: Superconductivity 341-348 (November 2000): 2529–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4534(00)01305-8.

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Nagashima, K., T. Higuchi, J. Sok, S. I. Yoo, H. Fujimoto, and M. Murakami. "The trapped field of YBCO bulk superconducting magnets." Cryogenics 37, no. 10 (January 1997): 577–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-2275(97)00058-1.

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Nagashima, K., T. Otani, and M. Murakami. "Magnetic interaction between permanent magnets and bulk superconductors." Physica C: Superconductivity 328, no. 3-4 (December 1999): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4534(99)00567-5.

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