Дисертації: "Built environment"

1

Tate, Alan. "Typology and built environment." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556064.

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2

Hampton, Paul. "Influencing the undergraduate built environment curricula through stakeholder understandings of built environment employability skills." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2016. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/21270/.

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The aim of this project is to uncover new insights and understanding of Higher Education (HE) built environment employability skills. To assimilate the project findings within a built environment employability skills compass model developed as a key output of this project and promulgate the findings to enrich current thinking between stakeholders and apply this new knowledge within university pedagogy and across a wider community. In particular, reporting the opinions and interpretations of stakeholders surrounding their understanding of employability skills for a built environment undergraduate. Conduct research and literature review on the subject of employability skills. Disseminate findings within industry and academia at regional, national and transnational levels. The project uses a qualitative dual methodology was adopted; Firstly a phenomenological methodology encapsulating the rich expressive and emotional language. Secondly spirit of action research methodology facilitating numerous access and departure points within the project investigations. Using preliminary research located within various levels and modes of discreet inquiries, incorporating early reconnaissance field work investigations and group forum interventions. At the heart of the project investigation a series of thirty semi-structured interviews undertaken during 2011-2015 with key stakeholders. Contributions are gathered from a range of key stakeholders; academics, employers, policymakers/politicians, professional bodies, career advisors and graduates predominately but not exclusively within the West Midlands conurbation, with the results identified a disparity and gap in knowledge and understanding surrounding built environment employability skills. In particular, the research located and disseminated novel insights and shared agreements behind how HE curricula can be better informed and how shared ownership can contribute to the design of curricula. Pockets of shared understanding were revealed and an inner core of rich employability skills that external stakeholders believe set individuals apart from others were discovered. The findings have encouraged rich exchanges and increased levels of engagement between academics, practitioners and stakeholders; removing the fear behind ownership and shared responsibility of built environment curricula design. A key output of the project was the creation and development of a built environment employability skills compass tool and the findings situated within the compass have assisted with the modification and enrichment of HE teaching within architecture and the built environment curricula and have provided meaningful impact, evidenced by feedback received from employers who have commented on the increased levels of employability skills that graduates of (2013-15) possess as they leave the University of Wolverhampton into the world of work.

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3

Wang, Qi. "Towards the built environment linguistics." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10508/.

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In the history of the built environments theoretical development, the architecture, city and landscape have all been considered as language. Differing from subjects and scholars, various built environment languages have existed, durably or ephemerally. Some stressed the structure of languages and extracted the built environment dictionaries; some emphasized the linguistic characteristics of language and compiled the built environment grammar. They are all great achievements in built environment theory; however, since the connatural difference between the tangible buildings and the intangible spoken & written languages, this concept - the built environment languages - are still esoteric and intricate for the public. Facing this problem, this research intends to probe an integrated built environment language and to uncover the essence and mechanism of the built environment language. Undoubtedly, a comprehensive literature review is the foundation before any further development. Through careful study about both the structural linguistics - semiology system and previous built environment language studies, it is conspicuous that a universal built environment linguistics framework can be established referring to the knowledge of structural linguistics and semiology. Hereinto, firstly the built environment can be looked as a 'langage' that contains the corresponding 'langue' and 'parole' then other binary linguistic concepts, including the "signifier & signified"‚ "isologic sign & non-isologic sign", "syntagmatic axis & systematic axis" and "synchronic aspect & diachronic aspect", can be introduced into this new field. Therefore, based on this framework, not only can the essence and mechanism of built environment linguistics be explained, but also all the previous studies about the languages of architecture, urban planning and landscape can be seamlessly embedded inside. After the theoretical analysis, a discreetly designed simulation test is prepared to verify the practicability of built environment linguistics. Its results can then provide strong support from pragmatic dimension. Finally, the foundation of a theory of universal built environment linguistics can be achieved, but to be same as all other scientific researches, what is completed here is just a beginning rather than an end.

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4

Norberg, Peter. "Microclimate measurements in the built environment." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Built Environment, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-2717.

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Surface moisture plays an important role in thedeterioration of building surfaces. The extent and duration ofsurface moisture is generally impossible to predictfrommeteorological data and consequently direct measurement ofthis quantity is essential,e.g. using the WETCORR method. Thismethod has been developed in Scandinaviaduring the past 25years. From the beginning it was intended for measurementsofinstantaneous atmospheric corrosion rates and TOW (time ofwetness) using corrodingelectrolytic cells. Over the past 15years the method has been extended tomeasurements of surfacemoisture and TOW on building materials in general. To thatend amodified measuring concept has gradually been developed,including an inertelectrolytic cell with electrodes of gold(Au). More recently, the method has also been applied tomeasurements of moisture content (MC) in various materialsusingmodifications of the traditional pin-type electrodes.This thesis summarises various measurement projects thathave involved theWETCORR method during the past 10 years. Someprojects are entirely focused on the method as such, some aremore concerned with the interaction between themoisture sensorand the environment. In some cases attempts are made tocorrelate TOW with corrosion.The limitations of the ISO 9223 standard for estimating TOW(RH>80%, T>0°C) isclearly illustrated. Theshortcomings of the ISO standard become evident in climateswith sub-zero temperatures, in environments with significantdeposition of pollutantsand salt, and in situations where theexchange of radiation between building surfaces and thesurrounding environment creates large temperature differenceswhich in turnmay either promote or inhibit condensation.A generalised definition of TOW based on the conductivity ofthe surface electrolyterather than the thickness of themoisture film is proposed. The modified TOW is called time ofconduction or time of corrosion, (TOC). Strict measurement ofTOC requiresthe use of an inert electrolytic sensor andexcitation by AC or pulsed DC withreversing of the polarity.This is different from the present WETCORR technique.Theadoption of the TOC concept opens up the possibility ofdividing time into "wet" and"dry" periods. This is believed tofacilitate for the development of dose-responsefunctions basedon the real physical/chemical processes occurring on materialsurfacesrather than on a parametric approach.The WETCORR technique has proven to be very useful also formeasurements of MCin wood, a measurement concept called INWOOD.The general principles andtheoretical considerations for woodmoisture measurements are reviewed, includingthe derivation ofsemi-empirical relationships describing the dependence ofresistivity on MC, temperature and dry density of wood. Thesame technique should be possible to use with almost any porousbuilding material.

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5

McIntosh, Simon Charles. "Wind energy for the built environment." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252153.

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6

Langdon, Paul. "Built environment education : a curriculum paradigm." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40377.

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The expansion of Built Environment Education into art programs is a relatively recent phenomenon but very timely. The need to develop in students an understanding of their living environment is urgent as they inherit a world that is experiencing the depletion of its resources and erosion of its ecological balance. There is a fundamental need for more comprehensive curriculum planning in built environment education. The goal of this research is to develop a curriculum paradigm that can be used to create curriculum plans and instructional designs for built environment education as part of the art class in secondary schools. The built environment content of this curriculum paradigm is based on the active investigation of the students' internal world with all its different perceptions and lived experience and how this affects their understanding of the greater built environment. Through a more intense investigation of the greater built environment, the students will then analyze the effect that this environment has on their own perceptions and living habits. By developing a more conscious understanding of the built environment, the students will be better equipped to make informed decisions on how to better adapt to or change their environment. A guiding principle for the curriculum paradigm was to ensure that the introduction of a new subject area, such as built environment education, into art education curriculum involved processes of creativity and discovery along with self-reflective and participatory action for both the teacher and students. To be effective, the content material must not only be accessible through the traditional modes of academic literature research but also made valid through observation, reflection and interaction with the particular built environment of the teacher and students themselves. Vigilance and active participation in the process of urban change are vital. These changes can only be effective and enduring if we acknowledge the capacity of the built environment to enrich our lives as private and communal beings. One of the essential goals of this curriculum paradigm is to capture the excitement and potential that the built environment offers as a pervasive agent for understanding and celebrating constructed past, present and future.

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7

Ünal, Burak. "Sustainable Development of Istanbul Built Environment." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147658.

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Marmara Sea and Black Sea connected with renowned Bosporus surround Istanbul, the city, which owns the privilege of bridging Europe and Asia. Besides such inland seas; forests and wetlands fragmented around and in the city maintain the natural cycle in the region. However, Istanbul as a fast developing urban area witnesses environmental issues like many other urban areas in global scale. Rapid economic and population growth of the city increase the pressure on above mentioned natural resources. Sustainable development of built environment is one of the best solutions in order to mitigate environmental damages of urban areas. The solution comes with green construction projects and systems yet the city and the market itself have barriers to block or slow the process of sustainable development. Identification of such barriers and reviewing international sustainable development practices paves the way for generating recommendations for environmentally friendly urban expansion in Istanbul. Survey targeting market professionals was conducted to identify sustainable development barriers in Istanbul and in order to address such barriers the thesis refers to conducted interviews and international practices presented in the literature review. The thesis draws economic, market and governmental recommendations which are particularly focused on financial incentives, raising awareness and enacting green laws involving all stakeholders of construction and real estate market.

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8

Iial-Awad, Ahmad Salmeh. "Stratified flow in the built environment." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/14350.

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Stratified flow in an environmental chamber has been investigated. The chamber of dimensions (7.5m long, 5.6m wide and 3.0m) at the University of Hertfordshire has been used. Sets of experiments investigating the effect of the major flow parameters such as airflow rate, jet momentum, flow conditions and height of the air supply device have been conducted. Results have been obtained to evaluate the flow characteristics and thermal stratification mechanism. The study has demonstrated the validity of using smoke visualization to evaluate the stratified flow characteristics such as interface level height, stratified layer thickness, and degree of stratification. The effects of both hot and cold airflow rates in the ranges of (0.0 to 8.0 m3 /min) were investigated. The flow characteristics vary depending on the flow parameters and the experimental conditions. The effect of supply terminal and extract terminal at various airflow rates on the flow characteristics is experimentally investigated. It has been found that relative influence of inertia and buoyancy forces resolves the stratified flow characteristics. The stratification interface level height and the ventilation flow rates are two main factors in the design of natural ventilation system. The results can be used to obtain a good estimation of the effectiveness of a ventilation system at design stage. Experimental work was carried out using ceiling jet to supply hot and cold air to a confined space, to investigate the effect of jet momentum in breaking and mixing the stratified layer. The flow of high momentum was supplied downward from the ceiling. The magnitude of momentum needed depends on the degree of stratification, stratified layer interface level height and the stratification conditions. It can be seen that the jet momentum has significant influence on the mixing of the stratified flow characteristics. The results indicated that once the momentum was initiated a mixed flow grew in the occupied zone above the floor. The height of this zone depends on the stratified flow characteristics, and the temperature and momentum of the ceiling jet. Another area of experimentation was the inversion of input airflow supplies. In this case, the flow of high buoyancy was supplied upward, whilst the flow of high momentum was supplied downward from the ceiling. The stratified layer lost its stability and broke down due to the drag and tearing of cold air penetrated downward from higher levels. The compound effect of these two conditions will circulate the air in the whole space and disturb the stability of the stratified layer to reach fully mixed flow A comprehensive definition of the degree of stratification was formulated. Analytical solutions were developed for the stratified layer thickness and location as a function of temperature gradient and airflow ratios. These expressions were calibrated using the experimental results. The critical momentum needed to breakdown the stratified layer also evaluated. Comparisons with previous studies where also carried out. It was found that the stratified layer interface level height is dependent on the ratio of airflow rate and geometrical effects. If mixed flow is desired then the cold inflow aperture should be located higher than the hot inflow aperture, whiles the interface level height is not located at the exhaust aperture height. The critical vertical momentum necessary in order to break down a stratified layer has been found to depend on the stratified layer interface level height. A semi-empirical formula based on the present experimental results has been developed to predict the critical vertical momentum for given stratified conditions. Based on the present experimental results, the effect of momentum is greater than the effect of buoyancy and the time needed to break down the stratified layer is considerable less than the time it takes to stratify. Experimental data also demonstrate a ventilation method for increasing the occupied zone height without breaking down the stratified layer.

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9

Nuño, Manuel. "Photocatalytic coatings in the built environment." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.687320.

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The photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide have been widely studied over recent decades since the discovery in 1972 of water photolysis by TiO2 electrodes. There are a number of different TiO2 polymorphs. Rutile and anatase are the most studied due to their chemo-physical properties. Under ultraviolet light, TiO2 is able to absorb photons, creating a charge separation on the surface, an electron and a positive “hole”. This electron-hole pair then reacts with water and oxygen, generating radicals, very unstable and reactive species which show great potential for neutralisation of pollutants. In the introduction the state of art of photocatalysis; chemo-physical principles, applications and current analysis are described. A number of protocols to test photoactivity are discussed with particular emphasis on the importance of gas phase reactions. The development of a novel system to study gas phase reactions by mass spectrometry was explored, detailing the conditions and parameters that were optimised. This instrument was used to analyse photocatalytic properties of TiO2 powders and photocatalytic coatings under different UV light conditions. The results showed how TiO2 in the form of anatase and rutile removed nitrogen and carbon dioxide under different UV light sources, with anatase being more effective. A comprehensive study of several commercially available TiO2 powders and coatings was performed to identify the differences between photocatalytic properties, using electron microscopy, Raman and UV-vis diffusive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. An important question that was answered in this thesis is whether the physical properties of nanoparticles or their electronic properties are critical for their photocatalytic behaviour. Results for anatase powders of different particle size and surface area showed how the positioning of their electronic band gap with the wavelength of the UV light source was fundamental for an effective photocatalyic process. In order to improve the photocatalytic process, “self-doping” TiO2 was investigated. Different reduction temperatures were studied to generate the best ratio of Ti3+-Ti4+ that stabilised the charge distribution process to maximize the electron-hole pairs generated per photon in the gas phase. From a wide range of reduction temperatures, titanium sub-oxime reduced at 400 oC showed the best performance in removing carbon dioxide. In the application of TiO2 for the built environment, the best commercially available TiO2 powder, anatase P25 was applied with two different techniques. Electrophoretic deposition has the potential to scale up the process for prefabricated panels in construction. Solvent, iv deposition time, voltage and substrate were optimised. The resulting photoactivity of the coatings was evaluated showing a higher efficiency than a compressed pellet of anatase P25. The final part of the thesis was dedicated to the formulation and application of a photocatalytic enhanced lime based coatings for the built heritage. The use of calcium hydroxide dispersions is widely used in the conservation and restoration community, reinforcing limestone when it carbonates. Anatase P25, was added to improve the performance in polluted atmospheres, acting as a sacrificial barrier. Results showed that by adding anatase to the formulation, calcium hydroxide reacted preferentially with sulphur dioxide over carbon dioxide. The final product in the formulation with anatase was calcium sulphate, whereas the final product for the calcium hydroxide formulation was calcium sulphite. Finally, a general discussion of the results is presented and the conclusions of this research are drawn. Recommendations for further work are presented in the last chapter.

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10

Rahman, Suraiyati. "Heritage tourism and the built environment." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3350/.

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The aims of this research are to examine and explore perceptions of the built environmental impacts of heritage tourism in urban settlements; to explore the practice of heritage tourism management; and to examine the consequences of both for the sustainability of the heritage environment. The literature review explores the concepts of heritage management, the heritage production model, the tourist-historic city, and sustainability and the impact of tourism on the built environment. A theoretical framework is developed, through an examination of literature on environmental impacts, carrying capacity, sustainability, and heritage management; and a research framework is devised for investigating the built environmental impacts of heritage tourism in urban settlements, based around five objectives, or questions. The research methodology is explained. Fieldwork took place in Ludlow, Shropshire from 2006 to 2010. It included an analysis of the national and local planning policy framework; and the phenomenon of the small English heritage town, of which Ludlow is a prime example. Linked surveys were undertaken in Ludlow of visitors, business providers, and managers of heritage tourism. The study establishes (a) the concept of 'perceived impact' of heritage tourism on the built environment is a stronger analytical and management tool than the concept of carrying capacity; and (b) that understanding stakeholder's perception of the built environmental impacts of heritage tourism provides empirical evidence that can contribute a new dimension to debates on the definition of 'heritage'; (c) takes forward the typology of the built environmental impacts of tourism as developed by Hunter and Green, using empirical data to show what different stakeholders think about the relative importance of different aspects of heritage.

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11

Sherman, Sandra Anne. "Healing effects of the built environment." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3321036.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2008. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Aug. 1, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-127).

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12

Rau, Andreas. "Interactive Play Environments : Digitally Augmenting the Built Environment to Mediate Play." Thesis, KTH, Medieteknik och interaktionsdesign, MID, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-173935.

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This master’s thesis expands the field of research in interactive playgrounds by examining the role of the built environment that is augmented with digital technology for richer interaction possibilities in such playgrounds. Based on a literature study, this thesis distinguishes interactive play environments from interactive playgrounds, since these often do not reflect the impact of the environment on play very well. The research question being raised is then as follows: “How do children use the digitally augmented built environment in their play?” The thesis describes the process of designing and prototyping an interactive play environment that features communication and a tube to throw objects through as play concepts. Six different prototypes shape the interactive environment in close interplay with landscape and existing built environment. The prototyped environment is then evaluated in a 4-day study at a Swedish school with approximately 240 children during their recess times. This study uses observation as the predominant data gathering method. The gathered data are analyzed based on content analysis. As an answer to the research question, this thesis describes the play that happens in an interactive play environment and draws conclusions on the influence of such an environment on play. The results of the study indicate, that the digitally augmented built environment has an impact on play in stimulating certain new play patterns. It shows its potential mainly as a mediator between the children and the environment, thus stimulating children to explore their environment through play and discover dormant values of the environment. Although we found that the digitally augmented built environment influences play, this study can not confirm that the digital components embedded in the built environment actually improve the play. However, the increasing presence of digital technology in society in general makes it inevitable to think about how this presence should be reflected in children’s playgrounds in the future and this work can give some directions for that.

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13

Dunbar, Susan C. "Built to last : designing for a referential continuity in the built environment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65675.

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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1991. Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-134). This thesis is about exploring a way of understanding, designing and building architecture which acknowledges that we are a part of a world which is always changing and becoming, without denying or forgetting the past, and still fulfilling the needs and potentials of the present. It is about continuing the collective understanding of how we relate to an evolving built environment. Current trends in commercial architecture tend to build neutral spaces which are then sold as a commodity to be filled with whatever use the consumer desires, rather than building for specific needs as they are required. This has contributed to a lack of definition in the cumulative built environment which has reduced the information available as a reference for evaluating and interpreting one's surroundings in ways which enrich and further its potential use. What I am proposing to explore are some issues of design that respond to a specific site, which will be able to meet the long-term concerns of growth and/or change in use and technology, while providing a referential continuity; a continuity in the understanding of how a building and its surroundings have evolved. As change is an inevitable fact of existence, designing with that as a goal is redundant and leads only to an undefined, passive building as opposed to a more specific definition which positively influences how it is inhabited. The analysis of existing buildings which have been renovated generates some basic principles about the qualities which seem to endow a structure with the capacity to be reinterpreted without losing its initial character in the existing environment. These principles will then be applied to the design of a new building as an illustration of how buildings which are not designed for the possibility of multiple inhabitations over time, need not be neutral in their organization, but may actually contribute substantially to their surroundings and their interpretation. by Susan C. Dunbar. M.Arch.

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14

Atkins, Richard N. "Assessing environmental, social and financial sustainability in the existing built environment." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.743896.

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15

Myllynpää, Ninja, and Linda Oskarsson. "Towards a Sustainable Built Environment : Case Silverdal." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-111666.

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This paper intends to give the reader a wider knowledge about sustainable construction by taking a closer look at what drivers and goals have been of most importance in Silverdal - a construction project with environmental commitment and focus on energy efficiency. The research is formed by using a compilation of variables, such as regulation, brand building and risk management, which serve as a base for the qualitative research of the case study. The empirical findings have been gathered by interviewing people responsible for the Silverdal project. These findings imply that compliance with regulations has become more important with time and that brand building can still have greater relevance than long-term commitment to environmental related risk management. Also, economic benefits seem to be the most desired ones at the expense of making a contribution to real sustainability.

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16

Sun, Hui, and 孫輝. "The built environment and children's academic performance." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42841252.

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17

Arceneaux, Dylan. "Cellulose Aerogel Application in the Built Environment." The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623511.

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Sustainable Built Environments Senior Capstone Project A large portion of current architectural design practices utilize insulative materials that are outdated, unsustainable, and harmful to the environment. There is little consideration placed in the lifespan of the insulative materials and often lead towards negative ramifications the environment must face. Continuing in the track of sustainable development, an emerging material known as cellulose aerogel builds off precedent aerogel with a green twist. The issue with implementing a new material, especially one that lacks the research and development of presently used materials, is gathering enough interest to build research funding. Developing a new material that has the potential to mitigate the massive energy consumption could aid architects and designers in designing more sustainable buildings. A cellulose based aerogel system is fabricated with cellulose, a biomass found in nearly all living organisms, is the answer we may need to make sustainable building practices a reality. To determine the validity of a cellulose aerogel system, a rigorous material study and precedence scientific studies will be analyzed to understand the intrinsic properties. The culmination of this information is imperative to drive continued development and implementation under the optimal conditions. Cellulose aerogel will face a multitude of comparisons with each major used insulative materials such as concrete, wood, and fiberglass. Successfully completing these studies will help material researchers and designers to prepare for a greater sustainable future.

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Sun, Hui. "The built environment and children's academic performance." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42841252.

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19

Onishi, Yoko 1963. "Prototype and attractiveness in the built environment." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277213.

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The present study hypothesized that (1) perception of the built environment is organized around a prototype, the notion extensively studied by Rosch and others, and, (2) judgement of attractiveness of the built environment is influenced by that structure. 37 subjects rated prototypicality of 51 slides of houses and an independent sample of 33 subjects rated attractiveness of the same slide set. Results showed that people perceived some residential houses as more prototypical than others. Also a significant correlation between prototype rating and attractiveness rating was found. People found the high level prototypicality most attractive, as opposed to the low prototypicality stimuli. It was also found that the residential prototype could be identified by physical features.

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20

Cross, Alexander F. (Alexander Francis) Carleton University Dissertation Canadian Studies. "Built for profit: sources of form in the Canadian residential built environment, 1900-1960." Ottawa, 1994.

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21

Wood, G. D. "Research, practice and education in the built environment." Thesis, University of Salford, 2012. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/38106/.

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This thesis consists of two parts: the body of published work is presented as a portfolio of 10 publications and forms Part II. Part I consists of a critical review of those publications. In the context of the built environment sector, the overarching themes of the published works are the relationships between: research and emerging concepts in the field and the working practices of construction and property professionals; practice as an interdisciplinary activity and educational programmes; programmes and curricula within higher education and the relevance of research. The critical review explores the portfolio from a micro and macro perspective to demonstrate that the work is considered at an individual publication level, and also within the extended boundaries of the discipline. This opens up broader horizons and assists in comparing the knowledge claims being made with other key benchmark publications. The principal conclusion associated with the research-practice relationship is that practitioners are largely driven by commercial imperatives and the associated need to solve problems expediently. Positivist perspectives therefore have more influence on built environment practitioners than constructivist methodologies. This should inform the design of research projects if researchers wish to be relevant to practice. The main finding linked to the practice-education relationship is that normative interdisciplinarity requiring a collaborative transcendence is more relevant to built environment practice than a phenomenological position where interdisciplinarity exists within the individual. This should inform the design of undergraduate built environment curricula in order to adequately prepare students for practice. In the education-research relationship this thesis concludes that there is a need to develop a more comprehensive definition of scholarship or scholarly activity in support of built environment education to include applied/consultancy-based research, market-based studies, professional updating and the writing of textbooks. This should inform both the recruitment and promotion processes within universities.

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22

Fan, Yingling Khattak Asad Jan. "The built environment, activity space, and time allocation." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1113.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. Title from electronic title page (viewed Mar. 27, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of City and Regional Planning." Discipline: City and Regional Planning; Department/School: City and Regional Planning.

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Lau, Chi-king Vincent, and 劉子敬. "Incorporating urban agriculture into Hong Kong's built environment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/195109.

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With many of our cities today faced with a number of urban issues, there is an increasing need for cities to development sustainably. Urban Agriculture can play an important role in achieving environmental, social and economic sustainability for urban cities. The prospect of growing food locally will have profound benefits on the urban area. This study is conducted to look at how urban agriculture can be incorporated into the built environment of Hong Kong in order to contribute to its sustainability. Thorough extensive review of literature, overseas practices and interviews with various professionals, scholars, government officials, local bodies, etc., it is found that there are various development constraints inhibiting the development of urban agriculture in Hong Kong. Recommendations are made for enhancing urban agriculture from a planning policy and development framework perspective in hope that this study can spark interested from different members of the community in promoting local food production in urban cities. published_or_final_version Urban Planning and Design Master Master of Science in Urban Planning

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Holmgren, Mattias. "An Eco-Label Effect in the Built Environment." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19444.

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25

Yeo, Jackson Teck Leong. "Application of FBG-based sensors in built environment." Thesis, City University London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440691.

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26

Doherty, Patsy M. "Public policy instruments for designing the built environment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73274.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1986. MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH Bibliography: leaves 57-58. by Patsy M. Doherty. M.C.P.

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Zhang, Zhujing M. ArchMassachusetts Institute of Technology. "Komorebi : embedding dappled sunlight in the built environment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129914.

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Thesis: M. Arch., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, February, 2020 Cataloged from student-submitted thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 45-47). Humans are increasingly disconnected from nature. Urbanization, resource exploitation, and changes in ways of living have diminished people's access to nature. Exposure to nature is beneficial to human beings in many aspects. Researches in environmental psychology and public health have shown the positive impacts of nature connections for people's happiness, concentration, and restoration. In creating the living environment with the connectedness to nature, various researches have been invested, such as the study of green space in the living environment, the application of virtual nature in psychiatric and medical care, the implementation of natural scenery in augmented reality. However, the idea of imitating natural phenomena in the built environment via tangible building systems has not been explored yet. This thesis aims to provide people with the perception of connectedness to nature in the built environment by embedding the sensory experience of nature, Komorebi, in the building system. Komorebi is a Japanese term that describes the dappled sunlight filtered through tree foliage. Through analysis of this visual effect and experimenting with various materials and actuators, a daylight-filtering system is developed to bring the dappled light phenomenon into the built environment. Environmental performance simulations of the Komorebi system is conducted in comparison with no-shading and the Venitian blind. The system builds on the existing infrastructure to integrate elements of improvisational nature into the building system, creating natural sensory experiences in the built environment. In practice, it would have great potential at places where natural connections are limited, and relinking occupants to nature would be highly beneficial. The impact of this work includes 1) creating a port for people who have limited access to nature due to work demand or mobility limitation, 2) invoking people's memories in nature, and encouraging more exposure to nature. by Zhujing Zhang. M. Arch. M.Arch. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture

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Ridgely, Sarah K. "Flux: Creating Dynamic Systems Within the Built Environment." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33149.

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In order to create landscapes able to adapt to the constantly shifting demands placed upon it by human and ecological processes, there is a need to incorporate the flux of these human and ecological processes into a physical and dynamic share of the built environment. This will require a perceptual shift in understanding this human/ecological relationship (on the part of both the designer and the user) as well as a change in the design/implementation/management strategies currently employed by designers and planners. Instead of designing landscapes expected to be maintained to look and act in a static manner, the built environment needs to be designed with flux in mind. This thesisâ methodology begins with a position paper narrating the current body of knowledge regarding human experience and treatment of dynamic systems within the built environment, focusing specifically on the Outer Banks, a series of barrier islands located off the northern coast of North Carolina. It looks at this relationship through three languages: scientific (or geomorphologic), legislative and design. Next is a sampling of case studies aimed at emphasizing this dynamic relationship between humans and their surroundings. Finally, the design project incorporates the viewpoint developed in the position paper and applies it to a hypothetical site design located in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. The site is currently slated for a Hilton hotel that will be finished by Spring 2006; however, the spirit of the design has the potential to be incorporated into many sites along the coast. Master of Landscape Architecture

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29

Cilliers, Pieter Lafras. "Usurping architecture : sculptural resistance to the built environment." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8206.

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Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-71). Usurping Architecture is a study in three parts. Part One explores the historical and theoretical basis that has informed my body of work. In this section, I explore the perfection of the depiction of the three-dimensional structure on a two-dimensional plane. This is specifically related to architecture. I then examine the role of geometric abstraction, as developed on the two-dimensional format, in sculptural strategies and their insertion in the lived, everyday environment.The role of geometric formalism is expanded on in the chapters on minimal art, where I explore the role of Gestalt psychology in creating a phenomenological response in the viewer. In the following chapters I indicate how the strategies employed by the minimal artists were used in subsequent decades as a response to the architectural environment. Part Two deals with the methodology related to my art-making processes. The first chapter of this section informs the reader about the general use of concrete as a material. The second chapter explains how I use this material in the construction of cast concrete sculptures. It describes the technical aspects of the process in detail. Part Three comprises a list of each work submitted for examination. The works are represented photographically and are accompanied by a short explanatory text.

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Parkinson, Thomas Campbell. "Thermal Pleasure and Alliesthesia in the Built Environment." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16021.

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The aim of this thesis is to propose the physiological concept of alliesthesia as a suitable framework for understanding thermal environmental perception under dynamic conditions. Paper 1 outlines the theoretical basis of the alliesthesia hypothesis, and papers 2-4 lend support through the presentation of empirical evidence from a series of human-subject laboratory tests. The principal conclusion is that strong subjective discomfort is not a necessary precondition for thermal pleasure. Alliesthesia remained viable even within the physiological thermoneutral zone, although it was less pronounced and more ambiguous in those moderate scenarios. Positive hedonic tones were elicited during innocuous exposures at the margins of the thermal comfort zone by applying moderate local skin temperature changes that were contrapuntal to mean skin temperature. This phenomenon was termed ‘spatial alliesthesia.’ The hedonic tone attached to thermal environmental stimuli exhibited pronounced between-subject variability. The most useful variable for distinguishing the tone and magnitude of thermal pleasure response to localised thermal stimuli was the intensity of the subjects’ displeasure in the preconditioning environment. The magnitude of change in local skin temperature also had a significant effect on perceived pleasantness of localised thermal stimuli. These findings suggest it may be possible to develop a model of spatial alliesthesial response to stimuli. The findings emanating from this thesis could start the discussion on how it could be leveraged in the provision of thermal comfort in nonsteady-state environments. It may be possible to increase occupant satisfaction whilst simultaneously reducing energy consumption through the correct implementation of targeted thermal stimulation delivered locally by personal environmental control (PEC) systems.

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Trivedi, Neeti. "Identity and built environment : issues for urban poor." Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/673.

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The aim of the research was to examine redevelopment strategies and policies attempting to elevate the identity of the urban poor by reinforcing their socio-cultural characteristics through their built environment. The study also attempted to create a dialogue between identity and built environment and questioned whether a re-designed and re-developed environment can socially empower the urban poor; and, if so, what redevelopment strategies and approaches can be adopted to re-create identity and remove stigma over urban poor? Identity is the crest in the development of both people and place and cannot be viewed as an abstract or as a subject exterior to a human. But often, questions of ‘who we are’ (self-identity) are intimately related to questions of ‘where we are’ (place-identity) (Dixon and Durrheim 2000), creating a gap between structure and agency. This thesis not only analysed this gap but also measured the impact of poverty on the urban poor prevailing over their stigmatized identity linked to their built environment.It was important to understand an individual’s meaning of self, wherein ‘self’ is not just characterised and outlined by one’s association to the community, but also by an individual’s linkage to the diverse physical-setting that describe and construct their everyday life (Proshansky 1978, cited in Hillier 2002). It was also seen that individuals mostly describe ‘who’ and ‘what’ they are in the context of an intense sentimental connection to ‘house and home’ and/or ‘neighbourhood and community’. Thus, in relation to this research, an individual’s description of the physical world is limited to home and built environment.Additionally, this study explored strategies to overcome the multifaceted issues faced by the poor specifically linked to their built environment which contributes to their stigmatised identity (Davis 2006). Thereby, this thesis compared urban poverty in developed and developing countries within the built environment framework. The purpose was to identify the common aspects of built environment in both the contexts influencing the socio-cultural characteristics as well as well-being of the urban poor. The research thus searched for some common ground, where synergies were visible for future improvement works, globally.The process of examining built environment and measuring well-being of the urban poor, involved an analysis of Phillips and Pittman’s (2003) “Triarchic Model of Poverty” and Sen’s theory on “Capability and Well-being”(1993, cited in Fukuda-Parr 2003). This analysis helped define the evaluative factors for built environment and the indicators of well-being. The usage of this analytical framework was an iterative process which further assisted in auditing the redevelopment strategies of the urban poor applied during the case studies and in identifying those methodological and rational elements of the case studies that may be responsible for significant variations in the findings.In addition to theoretical literature reviews, four literature and two field case studies were conducted for the research. The literature case studies were focused on urban renewal examples providing an initial understanding of the concepts whereas the field case studies involving observations, discussions and surveys provided crucial insights to the intensity of the issue. Additionally, participation in the project provided valuable knowledge and better understanding of life in marginalised communities, their everyday practices, and of their socio-cultural and physical boundaries. Thus contact and dialogue with the stakeholders and reflection were the key tools performed during field trips to Victoria (Australia) and Ahmedabad (India).These field works were conducted with the main objective of studying the influence of redevelopment strategies on the well-being of urban poor. These redevelopment strategies were assessed using the analytical framework to identify the key built environment aspects having the maximum impact on identity renewal. Consequently, the three key aspects of built environment intervention identified were – housing and environment, pride and participation and government responsiveness.Through the assessment of the redevelopment strategies, it was deduced that development of housing and environment can bring a sense of stability and security, but ownership and belonging could be achieved only when there were signs of people’s participation and smooth efforts of the stakeholders for a holistic development. Similarly, it was recognised that urban renewal practices are not mere efforts towards renewing the built environment of the urban poor, but are also efforts to equip the people psychologically, socially, culturally and economically for the future in their own re-developed environment. Thus, within the framework of key built environment aspects, this thesis has proposed an identity renewal model promoting participatory approaches that collaborates with and incorporates not only citizens, but also organised interests, profit and non-profit organisations, planners and local administrators in a common frame. Such an integrated approach would ensure community interests, active citizenship and public-service delivery, where communication, learning, action and community welfare would co-evolve. Therefore, a model as projected for this research adopting joint planning and participatory approaches would help liberate the urban poor, permitting them to define and develop their own values and lead to their empowerment and identity creation.This thesis has thus proposed a positive course of action for future interventions to assist professionals and practitioners in conjunction with the barriers in the process in addition to a new model looking at identity issues of urban poor linked to their built environment.

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Kerr, Thor Antony. "Representing ecological threats and negotiating green built environment." Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/732.

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Amid a prevalence of textual references about human-induced ecological threats in contemporary society, several studies have investigated the discursive production of such threats and their solutions by policy-making institutions. Yet, this focus on institutional discourse has suggested a less comprehensive analysis of how ecological threats are represented by engaged citizens attempting to influence environmental policy through truth-producing public conversation. Out of this context, this thesis was devised to investigate ecological threat representation in relation to social negotiation of meanings of green built environment. Specifically, it was designed to answer the question of how representation of ecological threats affects the meaning of green built environment and the practices through which this meaning is produced.Answering this question required a method of investigating the positioning, disruption, stabilization and mutual functionalization of ecological threats and proposed solutions in urban planning discourse. Theoretical insights from cultural studies, critical theory, psychoanalysis, geography and media studies were incorporated into a method of analysing various types of public and media texts about ecological threats and a proposed green built environment – North Port Quay, in Fremantle, Western Australia.The analysis found that an apparently universal global ecological threat, such as climate change, was read in heterogeneous ways; and these readings were particularly influenced by sensual experience of environmental objects. It also found that production of meaning of green built environment depended upon a subject reading solutions into an environmental narrative that mutually functionalized with any significant ecological threats read into the narrative. It found that spatially and temporally immediate threats were more meaningful and motivating than distant, future threats; and that people responded conservatively when they realized that a sensually experienced object of the environment faced immediate threat.These findings have implications for understanding the relations of imposing and resisting green zones of capital accumulation, and for understanding the separation of analysis from action in liberal democracy. The findings suggest a way out of ecological crisis through an ethics of ecological threat representation that acknowledges the operation of affective investment in practical reason. This thesis is expected to make an interdisciplinary contribution, encouraging dialogue between urban planning theory and cultural studies as well as between critical theory and studies on sustainability. It should also further understandings of the complex negotiations of both ecological threats and green built environments.

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Babb, Courtney William. "Built environment auditing, active mobility and children’s wellbeing." Thesis, Curtin University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/867.

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This thesis explores how planners can facilitate children’s wellbeing through auditing the urban environment for active travel. The findings reveal that audits have the potential to address critical issues regarding the quality of the built environment around schools. Further, children were found to be effective evaluators of their school environment. Auditing can be improved by highlighting the sensory qualities of the built environment and using audits strategically to adapt to the policy context of school environments.

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Yılmaz, Ebru. "Determination of the place concept in reproduction process of built environment: process of built environment: Kordon, İzmir as a Case Study/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2004. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/doktora/mimarlik/T000486.doc.

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35

Pradhan, Sweata. "Why people build the way they do the shaping of the built environment of Gangtok /." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2008. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/381.

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Ruskamp, Parker. "Your environment and you: investigating stress triggers and characteristics of the built environment." Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32592.

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Master of Landscape Architecture Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning Brent Chamberlain The physical environment influences mental health and inevitably well-being. While exposure to natural environments shows salubrious health benefits among those who maintain a consistent connection, little is known about how urban environments impact mental health. As urbanization increases worldwide, it is essential to understand the linkages between urbanized environments and public health. This project is guided by the research question: How do different environmental characteristics affect stress-related responses in users? The study will guide individual subjects (n > 30) to walk a designated route, exposing them to different architectural and environmental elements in downtown Manhattan, Kansas. Physiological biofeedback sensors, including electrodermal activity (EDA) and heart rate sensors, will be used monitor physiological behavioral changes; GPS will provide spatial location; and a GoPro camera will provide real-time first-person experience. Data from these sensors will be integrated into a temporal-spatial analysis to ascertain correlations between architectural and environmental elements in space and associated stress responses. Upon completing the walk, participants will take a brief survey asking for their perceptions, both quantitatively and qualitatively, of the different environments they encounter on the walk. Raw data collected from the biofeedback devices will be refined and analyzed spatially using GIS mapping software. This will allow us to visualize any associations between design characteristics and the elicited behavioral responses in order to determine the environmental characteristics that may illicit heightened stress responses. Analysis of the survey data will seek to identify any correlations between physiological and perception-based responses. The intent of the research is to provide a foundation for further studies into how public policy can be better informed and augmented to mitigate potential public health issues caused by urban design. Results will also inform architectural and engineering decision-making processes to further improve urban design by identifying characteristics that may improve or decrease mental health of those living and/or frequenting urban environments.

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Hoyt, Kathleen Ann. "Physical environment socialization : development of attitudinal and aesthetic response towards built and natural environments." [Davis, Calif.], 1991. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Davis. SPEC. COLL. HAS ARCHIVAL COPY; MICRO. ROOM HAS MICROFICHE COPY (2 SHEETS). Typescript. Degree granted in Psychology. Also available via the World Wide Web. (Restricted to UC campuses)

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38

Santo, Yasuhiro. "Co-adaptable environments: Ad-hoc technologies and the self-management of one's built environment." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/115117/1/115117_6489877_yasu-santo_thesis.pdf.

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This thesis argues that we can establish better relationships with our buildings by introducing more means to control and customise them to suit our needs and preferences. The study investigates contemporary office buildings and emphasises the importance of making our workplace environment more flexible, desirable, and durable by introducing cybernetic relationships between buildings and their users. The thesis concludes with a suggestion that the introduction of Co-adaptable environments, in which building users and their built environment positively affect and improve each other, is the key to achieving such environments.

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Lolli, Alyson C. "Architecture + physical activity encouraging movement in the built environment /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1148055793.

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Thesis (Master of Architecture)--University of Cincinnati, 2006. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed July 24, 2006). Includes abstract. Keywords: physical activity; ideal city; desert architecture. Includes bibliographical references.

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40

Sackett, Colin Derek. "CUBE centre for the understanding of the built environment /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10122006-121654.

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41

Seniut, Mark. "Development of the intelligent tutoring system for built environment." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130207_100431-10487.

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The dissertation examines the problem of students’ training and testing. To solve the problem, new model, algorithms and system have been developed and adapted. The developed system enables organizing of individual and group train-ing and self-control process. Integrated intelligent search subsystem helps to de-velop the study plan for the themes of interest. The system continuously moni-tors the user and can respond to his failure. The developed built environment computer learning subsystem performs practical calculations to assess the built environment projects. The main problem solved by development of the subsystem is reduction of time needed for users to create their own systems. Knowledge database created during the system devel-opment can be a good source of knowledge for new or similar projects evalua-tions. Calculation results can be saved for further research or shared with other users of the system. The dissertation consists of Introduction, 4 Chapters, Conclusions, Refer-ences, and List of Author’s Publications. The introduction reveals the investigated problem, importance of the thesis and the object of research and describes the purpose and tasks of the dissertation, research methodology, scientific novelty, the practical significance of results examined in the dissertation and defended statements. The introduction ends in presenting the author’s publications on the subject of the defended dissertation, offering the material of made presentations in conferences... [to full text] Disertacijoje nagrinėjama studentų mokymo ir testavimo problema. Problemai spręsti buvo sukurti ir pritaikyti nauji modeliai, algoritmai ir sistema. Sukurta sistema leidžia organizuoti individualų ir grupinį mokymo ir savikontrolės procesą. Integruota intelektinė paieškos posistemė leidžia sudaryti dominančios tematikos mokymosi planą. Sistema nuolat stebi vartotoją ir gali reaguoti į jo mokymosi nesėkmes. Sukurta kompiuterinio mokymo posistemė, skirta statiniams ir jų aplinkai, atlieka praktinį statinių ir jų aplinkos projektų vertinimą. Pagrindinė išspręsta problema kuriant posistemę yra laiko sąnaudų mažinimas, kurių reikėtų kuriant atskiras sistemas. Žinių bazė, kuri buvo sudaryta kuriant sistemą gali tapti pagrindu naujiems ar panašiems projektams vertinti. Skaičiavimo rezultatai gali būti išsaugoti tolesniems tyrimams atlikti arba jais galima dalintis su kitais sistemos vartotojais. Disertaciją sudaro įvadas, keturi skyriai, rezultatų apibendrinimas, naudotos literatūros sąrašas ir autoriaus publikacijų disertacijos tema sąrašas. Įvade aptariama tiriamoji problema, darbo aktualumas, aprašomas tyrimų objektas, formuluojamas darbo tikslas bei uždaviniai, aprašoma tyrimų metodika, darbo mokslinis naujumas, darbo rezultatų praktinė reikšmė, ginamieji teiginiai. Įvado pabaigoje pristatomos disertacijos tema autoriaus paskelbtos publikacijos bei pranešimai konferencijose ir disertacijos struktūra. Pirmame disertacijos skyriuje atliekama literatūros apžvalga. Nagrinėjama... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

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Kreider, Tyler. "Representation of built environment and relationship to travel outcomes." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104696.

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The built environment has been recognized as one of the major factors influencing travel behavior, but research into the specifics of how the built environment is represented is scant. This thesis investigates this relationship through different modes of representation. The first chapter offers an introduction to the topic, objectives, and research issues. In the second chapter, an original speed study is used to investigate the link between built environment and geometric design variables on vehicle operating speed along local roads. After controlling for traffic conditions, it was found that built form variables have a weak link with vehicle speed, geometric design being the main determinants. Chapter Three improves upon built form representation by using a neighborhood typology to simultaneously model household choice and GHG emissions. A lingering problem, however, is in the way in which land use mix is measured. Thus, the third chapter presents an entirely new method of measuring land use mix, which relies on interaction of complementary uses as opposed to proportion-based measurement. A preliminary evaluation of this method has proven that it is a great improvement on what is currently used to measure land use mix. The methodologies and case studies in this thesis demonstrate progress that has been made in how the built environment is represented in transportation studies, and it is hoped that they are a positive influence in the field. L'environnement bâti est reconnu d'avoir une influence majeure sur les habitudes de déplacements, mais la recherche sur la représentation de cet aspect n'est pas bien développée. Cette thèse est une collection de trois manuscrits qui enquêtent sur cette influence dans des modes de représentation différents. Le premier utilise les variables de l'utilisation du sol simple et de la population à fin de modéliser la vitesse des véhicules sur les rues locales. Il était trouvé que ces variables ne suffisent pas d'expliquer la vitesse des véhicules donc ils étaient éliminés de la modèle. La deuxième étude améliore la représentation de l'environnement bâti avec une typologie de quartier pour estimer une modèle simultanée du choix de location du ménage et les émissions des GES. Cependant, un problème qui reste est dans la mode de mesurer la mixité des utilisations du sol. Donc le troisième article présente une nouvelle méthode de mesurer la mixité qui est basée sur l'interaction des usages complémentaires par opposition à une mesure des proportions. Elle était évaluée d'être une amélioration sur la méthode utilisée actuellement. Ces trois articles montrent le progrès fait dans la représentation de l'environnement bâti pour les études en transport, et ils peuvent avoir une bonne influence dans la recherche future.

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Taylor, P. S. "Frequency selective surfaces and applications to the built environment." Thesis, University of Kent, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590061.

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The research carried out and detailed in this thesis presents several techniques applied to frequency selective surfaces (FSS) with an emphasis on propagation control in the built environment. Issues are explored such as interference reduction and frequency reuse, security applications or propagation enhancement by reducing the effects of multi path and the wireless black spots or nulls that it produces. A band-stop active FSS (AFSS) has been designed operating in the WLAN band of 2.45GHz. The structure consists of annular ring. elements with PIN diodes as the semiconductor switches. The surface is two-state, being reflective with the diodes forward biased and transparent when zero biased. The design is single sided and includes an efficient distribution method of the de biasing by employing RP chokes. A prototype surface is constructed and its transmission response measured for a range of angles of electromagnetic wave incidence. A dual-band passive band-stop FSS is designed operating in the WLAN bands of 2.45GHz and 5GHz. The annular ring design introduces "traps" to FSS, where a trap is a parallel tuned circuit and behaves as a frequency selective switch, presenting a low or high impedance state depending upon the band of operation. Similarly the technique is applied to an annular slot design where the parallel tuned circuit is replaced with a series tuned circuit. For both designs prototype surfaces were constructed and evaluated for dual-band operation, with transmission response measurements carried out over a range of angles of electromagnetic wave incidence. A new AFSS structure known as the "phase plate" is introduced. A phase plate is a AFSS backed by a solid rear reflective surface spaced some distance away and modulated at a rate to modify wireless coverage nulls in enclosed environments, improving signal distribution in that space. A 2.45GHz experimental phase plate is constructed and evaluated, both by static phase shift measurements and observing its operation in a multi path environment with the successful filling of a wireless null. To demonstrate its performance a just discernible signal in the noise floor of the measurement receiver is brought some 20dB above it.

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Pekeriçli, Mehmet Koray. "A lifecycle information management solution for built environment facilities." Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553659.

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A lifecycle information management solution utilising parametric design tools, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, and mobile computers was proposed for built environment facilities. It is argued that data, information, and performance characteristics of materials and components in a facility in use can be captured and fed back to members of design and construction teams by employing Information Technology (IT) tools. The research follows an inductive approach, and has an exploratory nature. A combination of social and engineering research methods were utilised. For understanding the scope of the problem, literature review and surveying techniques including interviews, workshops, and focus group studies were used. For investigating a technical solution, literature review, brainstorming sessions, prototype development, and demonstration techniques were used. Black box technology was chosen as an analogy to guide and aid developing the solution. Parametric design tools, RFID tags, mobile computers, and networking technologies were identified as candidates for being parts of the solution. Issues pertaining to the implementation of the solution using these technologies were investigated from technical, human, and organisational perspectives. A lifecycle information management solution incorporating the aforementioned technologies was devised and a functional prototype tool combining relevant hardware and software was developed. The main contribution to knowledge is the demonstration of a real need and case for the application of lifecycle information management solutions in UK construction sector. The research has identified a small step in offering a solution. The question is very wide and beyond the scope of any single thesis to provide an operational solution. However, this research has shown that it is possible to link design, production, and maintenance information by using technology from other industry sectors. The research identified that the human and organisational issues were of paramount importance. The temptation is to focus always on a technology solution. The research has shown that the technology solution must be balanced with the human and organisational interface issues.

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Chan, Kwok-cheung Anson, and 陳國璋. "How the built environment affects physical activity and health." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44901781.

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46

Powell, Michael John Vivian. "Built environment and biblical theology : making connections : discerning relationships." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272991.

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Shaari, Sulaiman. "Photovoltaics in the built environment : an application for Malaysia." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4157.

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Ekawati, Febriani Fajar. "Economy of action and pedestrians in the built environment." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8232/.

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One public health approach to increase lifestyle physical activity is increasing choice to climb stairs instead of using the escalator or lift. Nonetheless, pedestrians in the built environment tend to avoid it. Proffitt’s economy of action model explained that pedestrian locomotor choices might influenced by perception. The first study (n=870) revisited Shaffer and Flint (2011) by asking participants to estimate the angle of an escalator. Participants reported an escalator that was moving upwards as less steep than a stationary one or one moving downwards. The second study (n=849), conducted in Indonesia, assessed the potential effects of temperature and humidity on a) speed of climbing an outdoor staircase and b) estimates of the angle. Chosen speed is an index of the allocation of resources. As temperature increased, speed of climbing reduced. For perception, both temperature and humidity influenced the explicit estimate of the angle; as climatic variables increased, perceptions became more exaggerated. Study three (n=730) and four (n=307), in the UK, are a concomitant study that investigated pedestrians’ behaviour approaching the choice-point and examined the relationship between behaviour choice and perceived steepness of a staircase. Results revealed that individuals who climbed the stairs walked faster than those who avoided them. Unlike a previous study, exaggeration of perceived steepness of the stairs did not affect pedestrians’ choice behaviour. Collectively, these findings suggest that availability energetic resources influence the overestimation of perceived steepness. In addition, natural variation in climate not only affects explicit perceptions but also directly influence both walking and climbing behaviour.

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49

Fakhraldeen, Sukaina. "Redefining (interior)scapes: integrating the natural and built environment." Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13650.

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Master of Landscape Architecture Department of Landscape Architecture, Regional and Community Planning Mary Catherine (Katie) Kingery-Page In the temperate Midwest, interiorscapes are seldom a feature of public schools. The interior spaces of school environments tend to be dull, uninspiring, and do very little to nurture the wellbeing and needs of students. Interiorscapes can greatly influence the overall productivity of users by creating healthy, pleasant environments. Schools fail to create richer indoor environments for a number of reasons, such as lack of resources as well as knowledge about the design, implementation and benefits of interiorscapes. In addition students today “are not the outdoor-living [children] they were 100 years ago, and as much as 90% of [their] time may be spent indoors” (Manaker, 2). Healthy and stimulating school environments have the potential to enhance students’ productivity and creativity. Therefore the question at hand is: how can a Manhattan Kansas’ high school integrate the natural and built environment to create richer interior spaces? In this Master’s report, I explore the potential benefits of designing an interiorscape that integrates the natural and built environments within a school setting. Using Manhattan High School West Campus as the project site, I analyzed the effect and design of existing interiors on students through passive observation. Numerous research precedents identified valuable information on design processes and methodologies for designing interiorscapes and evaluating user interaction with existing places. Following a thorough analysis of the typology and characteristics of each precedent, I considered unique facets that were directly applicable to my project site. I then went to test the aspects selected from these precedents by incorporating them into the design for the selected project site; north courtyard and adjacent interior dining space. Based upon the precedent research and literature review, design goals and objectives evolved. The end product is a schematic design for Manhattan’s High School cafeteria area and north courtyard. The plan encompasses desired characteristics of an interiorscape and needs of its potential users. Ultimately, this proposal presents ideas for ways of implementing interiorscapes to enhance the overall productivity of users, while simultaneously strengthening the relationship between the natural and built environments.

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50

Wang, Yuehan M. C. P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Measuring built environment technology awareness using time-series analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/132755.

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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, February, 2021 Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, February, 2021 Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 72-76). This study responds to the accelerating application of technologies in the building environment and lack of academic research exploring how these technologies are developed over time. "Built environment technologies" refers to technologies that impact the built environment, including architecture, construction, urban planning, and real estate. This study employs a "technology awareness metric" system to quantitatively trace and analyze the "invention, innovation, and diffusion" process of built environment technologies. The technology awareness metric system contains three parts: 1) research and development awareness, defined by published academic papers and granted patents; 2) capital market awareness, signaled by the number of companies established and the amount of historical funding; and 3) general public awareness, measured by Twitter activities and Google Search traffic. Using Engle-Granger two-step cointegration test method, this study compares the awareness time-series of 208 built environment technologies in pairs. The results show that different awareness measures coexist and cointegrate, suggesting that invention, innovation, and diffusion are not necessarily successive. More specifically, papers and patents tend to cointegrate, as do companies and funding; Twitter activities tend to cointegrate with companies, funding, papers, and patents. Furthermore, general public awareness demonstrates the highest uniformity in time-series patterns, followed by capital market awareness, and research and development awareness. by Yuehan Wang. M.C.P. S.M. in Real Estate Development M.C.P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning S.M.inRealEstateDevelopment Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate

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