Статті в журналах: "Buildings Victoria Thermal properties"

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Xin, Yuecheng, Halenur Kurmus, Abbas Mohajerani, Yasmin Dallol, Yunsha Lao, Dilan Robert, Biplob Pramanik, and Phuong Tran. "Recycling Crushed Waste Beer Bottle Glass in Fired Clay Bricks." Buildings 11, no. 10 (October 17, 2021): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11100483.

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Waste glass is a readily available domestic material. Each year, around 257,000 tonnes of glass waste are produced in Victoria, and the majority is glass packings. Typically, mixed waste glass cullet is deposited in landfills due to the limited recycling techniques. As a result, landfills are facing a growing issue. Therefore, this study investigates the addition of waste beer bottle glass (BG) in fired clay bricks and examines the effects of varying firing temperatures on the physical and mechanical properties of the manufactured samples. Clay bricks containing 10% BG at a firing temperature of 950 °C depicted similar compressive strength results (41 MPa) to the control samples (42 MPa). The results of all tested bricks were found to be below the water absorption limit of 17%. The thermal conductivity of the bricks incorporating BG was investigated, and it was found that the thermal performance improved with the decreasing firing temperature. Moreover, an initial rate of absorption (IRA), XRD, and XRF analysis was conducted. The experimental results have been discussed and compared with the recommended acceptable properties for standard bricks.

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Breadsmore, Graeme. "Geothermal energy: deep sources in Victoria." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 126, no. 2 (2014): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs14023.

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Geothermal energy is heat stored naturally within the rocks of the earth. The higher the temperature of the rock, the more thermal energy is potentially available. In general, temperature increases with depth so deeper rocks store larger amounts of geothermal energy. Water has a higher volumetric heat capacity than most solid minerals, so saturated porous rocks tend to store larger amounts of heat than non-porous rocks. Under the right circumstances, geothermal energy can be economically extracted and put to use either directly (for example, to heat buildings) or by converting it to electrical energy. There are already two geothermal power generators in Australia (a 120 kWe plant at Birdsville, Queensland, and one 1 MWe plant at Innamincka, South Australia) and a range of direct applications of geothermal energy (heated buildings, swimming pools and spas)

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Buršová, Michaela, Iveta Skotnicová, Petra Tymová, and Zdeněk Galda. "Thermal Properties of Buildings in Summer." Transactions of the VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava. Construction Series XI, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10160-011-0001-3.

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4

Korol, E. A., and G. A. Afanasyev. "Random factors in thermal insulation properties of buildings." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1425 (December 2019): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1425/1/012039.

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Šefflová, Magdaléna, Martin Volf, and Tereza Pavlů. "Thermal Properties of Concrete with Recycled Aggregate." Advanced Materials Research 1054 (October 2014): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1054.227.

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Currently, the emphasis is put on sustainable buildings; simultaneously, the emphasis is put on energy efficiency in buildings, with respect to this fact of necessity to test thermal properties of new building materials. This article deals with the thermal properties of concrete containing recycled concrete aggregate. Four types of recycled concrete aggregate were used for the production of the concrete. For the testing of concrete, a total of ten concrete mixtures were made, one of which was a reference mixture and the natural aggregate was replaced by recycled aggregate of varying ratio in the other mixtures. Finally, it is possible to say that according to the thermal properties of the recycled aggregate concrete is possible to be used in the same applications as conventional concrete.

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6

Paton-Cole, V., R. H. Crawford, R. Turnbull, E. Fitzgerald, A. Michalewicz, and J. Garber. "Trends in Residential Building Materials in the State of Victoria." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, no. 4 (November 1, 2022): 042022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/4/042022.

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Abstract As the population in Victoria continues to grow, there has been a corresponding increase in building approvals across the State. Houses characterised as low-rise residential buildings often take the largest share of these approvals, with incessant residential building activities being driven by record low interest rates. Low-rise residential buildings comprise various building forms that use a number of specified construction materials to construct the building envelope and other structural and non-structural elements. As materials used for constructing residential building envelopes continue to evolve, these materials must be fit for purpose, and satisfy design criteria and performance requirements, while being aesthetically pleasing. This research analyses the trend in construction materials used in building envelopes of low-rise residential buildings using data from building permits issued between 1996 to 2019. The trend analysis shows that traditional double brick wall systems and suspended timber floors have reduced in popularity for houses built in the 21st century. The analysis also shows that brick veneer wall cladding systems built over slab-on-ground footings is the dominant construction form while the roof cladding material is influenced by geographical location. Insights from the data analysis indicate very little innovation has emerged in materials for residential building envelopes despite its crucial role in providing thermal comfort for inhabitants. Results from this research will serve as a basis to provide quantitative assessment of the trend in materials resource; provide insights about the impact of new building envelope products on existing industries; and perspectives on materials for future building envelopes.

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Lakatos, Ákos, István Csarnovics, and Attila Csík. "Systematic Analysis of Micro-Fiber Thermal Insulations from a Thermal Properties Point of View." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 4943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11114943.

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In the European Union, almost 40% of all energy consumption comes from buildings, while another 20–25% comes from transport. In the European Union, including Hungary, only buildings with almost-zero energy demand could be built after 2020, and the use of renewable energies must be strengthened. The Renewable Directive stipulated that by 2020, the share of renewable energy in buildings must be 25%, and in transport it must be 10%; the use of electric vehicles is vital. There are about four million dwellings in Hungary, of which approximately three million need to be renovated, and only some of these (a few hundred) meet the cost-optimized level of the 2020 directive. The use of insulation materials is very important in the transport sector, too. Insulation materials are also used by aircraft and electric vehicles. To reduce the energy loss from buildings, different insulation materials can be used; investigations of insulation materials are very important. This paper presents a comprehensive research report on insulation materials which could be used for building elements, HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning appliances) equipment, and vehicles. In this paper, laboratory investigations will be presented along with calculations to better understand the properties and behavior of these materials. For this, firstly structural analysis with scanning electron microscope will be presented. Moreover, the paper will present thermal conductivity and combustion heat measurement results. The sorption and hydrophobic behavior of the materials will be also revealed. Finally, the article will also display differential scanning calorimetry measurements and Raman spectroscopy results of the samples. The research was conducted on four different types of colorized microfiber lightweight wool insulation.

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8

Švajlenka, Jozef, and Mária Kozlovská. "Analysis of the Thermal–Technical Properties of Modern Log Structures." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 9, 2021): 2994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052994.

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“Ecological buildings” and “energy-efficient buildings” are concepts which we encounter on a daily basis and which define modern trends. The purpose of their design is to create an optimal thermal microclimate by means of heat flows that form within it or enter it. A balanced combination of heat flows creates suitable conditions for thermal comfort—a factor contributing to the quality of the internal environment of buildings. This research addresses the problem of heat distribution in construction materials based on wood and their thermal–technical properties in relation to the sustainability requirements for the thermal–technical properties of constructions and buildings. The research examines the structural parts of the external walls of modern log constructions. The objective of this work is to analyse the thermal–technical properties of the structural parts of modern log wood constructions in laboratory conditions and verify them against calculated values and values declared by manufacturers. This publication is also a contribution to the current needs in terms of the sustainability and internal environment quality of constructions in general. The publication is also a contribution to the current needs in the field of heating technology in terms of sustainability and the quality of internal environments.

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9

Kučerová, Lucie, Marcela Černíková, and Barbora Hrubá. "Thermal Properties of Wooden Buildings in Relation to Computer Software." Advanced Materials Research 899 (February 2014): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.899.193.

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The increase in energy prices resulted in the formation of new houses in the low-energy and passive standard. In particular, the development of wooden buildings in recent years has experienced a boom. More and more, their positive qualities come to the attention of potential investors. Thanks to this the new technologies of construction are still developed and the new wood-based materials tested. The continuous improvement of the thermal insulating materials and as well as technical equipment of buildings such as ventilation, heat recovery, solar and photovoltaic systems is recorded. All of these materials and technologies must follow the standards which tightened the thermal technical requirements. This led to the sophisticated compositions of individual structures and the use of better materials. Not always declared properties of the materials or construction planners are designed in accordance with the calculated values. In practice there is often ill-composition design of the construction or improper assembling of wooden parts which may result in an increase in thermal loss of the building, disturbed microclimate inside the building, but also negatively affecting the lives of individual structural units which implies that we should deal with these problems significantly.

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10

Cao, Lei, Di Su, Yaojie Tang, Guiyin Fang, and Fang Tang. "Properties evaluation and applications of thermal energystorage materials in buildings." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 48 (August 2015): 500–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.041.

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11

Pokorný, Jaroslav, Milena Pavlíková, Jaromír Žumár, Zbyšek Pavlík, and Robert Černý. "Moisture Transport Properties of Hydrophilic Mineral Wool." Advanced Materials Research 982 (July 2014): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.982.6.

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Mineral wool materials are widely used for thermal insulation of buildings due to their low thermal conductivity and high fire resistivity. On this account, they are popular materials for passive fire protection of buildings. Thermal insulation boards are usually provided with hydrophobic admixtures that ensure their functional properties even in the contact with moisture. In this paper we focused on investigation of hygric transport properties of hydrophilic mineral wool materials that could find application in interior thermal insulation systems as well as in desalination and drying of salt laden materials and building structures. The obtained results give evidence of the effect of fiber orientation on studied material properties and reveal that fiber orientation perpendicular to board surface is a perspective way of materials development.

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12

Geryło, R. "Energy-related conditions and envelope properties for sustainable buildings." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 64, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 697–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2016-0079.

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AbstractThe assessment methodology for the sustainability of buildings is based on the analysis of environmental, social and economic performance. The main purpose of the paper is the presentation of energy-related conditions and envelope properties as well as methodology aspects. The first part of the paper presents the literature review on sustainability and zero-energy buildings. The second part is devoted to describe different energy indicators for the evaluation of primary energy requirements and energy characteristic. The last section describes the general methodology for characterization of energetic properties of the building envelope and gives examples from literature of the effect of applications in a building’s envelope an aerogel based thermal insulation for higher thermal transmittance and a PCM for higher latent heat capacity with general description of results obtained by other authors. The crucial measure is the use of high thermal performance components for the building’s envelopes combined with the heat storage potential. In the context of sustainability, energy related conditions constitute a new set of indicators for identifying the usefulness and the efficiency of new technologies.

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13

Karkri, Mustapha, Mohamed Lachheb, Fethi Albouchi, Sassi Ben Nasrallah, and Igor Krupa. "Thermal properties of smart microencapsulated paraffin/plaster composites for the thermal regulation of buildings." Energy and Buildings 88 (February 2015): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.11.068.

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14

Jaunzems, D., and I. Veidenbergs. "Influence of Thermo-Dynamic Properties and Thermal Inertia of the Building Envelope on Building Cooling Load." Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Environmental and Climate Technologies 3, no. 3 (January 1, 2009): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10145-009-0008-5.

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Influence of Thermo-Dynamic Properties and Thermal Inertia of the Building Envelope on Building Cooling Load Buildings are responsible for about 30 % of the total energy consumption of Latvia. Specific heat consumption is 200-225 kWh/m2 per annum, for its part the average consumption of one household is about 1000-1200 kWh per annum. Due to increasing needs for comfort, an increase in the total area of buildings covered by glass, as well as intensified interest in establishing a good microclimate in buildings, there is also increasingly more attention paid on to the cooling load of buildings and the related heat transfer and exchange processes. Thermal inertia and the thermal mass of building envelope are main factors, which substantially influence the amplitude of changes in temperature and the period during which the internal temperature is dependant on the external temperature.

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15

Katunská, Jana, Dušan Katunský, and Veronika Labovská. "Selected problems of thermal insulation of historical buildings." Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 14, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sspjce-2019-0007.

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Abstract There are problems with historical buildings when changing the thermal insulation properties of buildings. The Energy Efficiency Act exempted historic buildings from certification. Not all old, historic buildings have monument protection. It is necessary to take into account the above mentioned facts in case of renovation and reconstruction of an old building. Otherwise, a normal building is approached and a building of historical value is treated differently. Methods hidden insulation, which preserves the authenticity of cultural monuments and real estate in the heritage areas, is a current challenge of heritage practice. The sustainability of the operation of historic buildings ultimately means the preservation and appropriate use of the heritage fund. Fortunately, the list of such interventions that do not jeopardize the monumental values or the use of the building is gradually increasing. This is mainly due to modern, increasingly sophisticated materials and technologies. In this paper we offer a basic overview of the most frequently used and practice-tested interventions in historical buildings, but we focus on details.

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16

Haj Hussein, M., S. Monna, A. Juaidi, A. Barlet, M. Baba, and D. Bruneau. "Effect of thermal mass of insulated and non-insulated walls on building thermal performance and potential energy saving." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2042, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2042/1/012159.

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Abstract The presented study aims to evaluate the effect of thermal mass in heavyweight construction in residential buildings in Palestine on indoor thermal environment using a building performance simulation tool. The most used residential building types, shapes and sizes were used as typical models for indoor environment performance simulation. The paper used a sensitivity analysis for four different scenarios according to the location of thermal insulation in the wall for two climatic zones, when no heating and cooling was used. The building material’s thermal properties, infiltration, activities, time schedule, electric lighting and glazing selection were based on onsite studies. The results show that the internal thermal mass of the studied buildings influences their thermal performance and future potential energy demand for heating and cooling. Buildings with insulation positioned on the outside, with high thermal mass and high thermal time constant showed the best thermal performance for different climatic zones, whereas buildings without thermal insulation or with insulation from the inside showed the worst thermal performance. The position of thermal insulation will affect potential energy demand for heating and cooling in the residential buildings.

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Shi, Dan, Ling Shi, Jun Ying Zhang, and Jue Cheng. "Preparation and Properties of a Novel Nonflammable Thermal Insulation Material." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 1504–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.1504.

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A novel nonflammable thermal insulation material for buildings was prepared by foaming sodium silicate solution with blowing agent. The material density is 274 kg/m3,with the compressive strength up to 2.0MPa and the coefficient of heat conductivity low to 0.08 W/ m•K.

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Shafigh, P., I. Asadi, A. R. Akhiani, N. B. Mahyuddin, and M. Hashemi. "Thermal properties of cement mortar with different mix proportions." Materiales de Construcción 70, no. 339 (July 13, 2020): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2020.09219.

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The energy required for the heating and cooling of buildings is strongly dependant on the thermal properties of the construction material. Cement mortar is a common construction material that is widely used in buildings. The main aim of this study is to assess the thermal properties of cement mortar in terms of its thermal conductivity, heat capacity and thermal diffusivity in a wide range of grades (cement: sand ratio between 1:2 and 1:8). As there is insufficient information to predict the thermal conductivity and diffusivity of a cement mortar from its physical and mechanical properties, the relationships between thermal conductivity and diffusivity and density, compressive strength, water absorption and porosity are also discussed. Our results indicate that, for a cement mortar with a 28-day compressive strength in the range of 6–60 MPa, thermal conductivity, specific heat and thermal diffusivity are in the range of 1.5–2.7 W/(m.K), 0.87–1.04 kJ/kg.K and 0.89–1.26 (x10-6 m2/s), respectively. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that pore size varied from 18 μm to 946 μm for samples with different cement-to-sand ratios. The porosity of cement mortar has a significant effect on its thermal and physical properties. For this reason, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity was greater in cement mortar samples with a higher density and compressive strength.

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García Sánchez, Gabriel Fernando, Rolando Enrique Guzmán López, and Roberto Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano. "Fique as a Sustainable Material and Thermal Insulation for Buildings: Study of Its Decomposition and Thermal Conductivity." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (July 5, 2021): 7484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137484.

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Buildings consume a large amount of energy during all stages of their life cycle. One of the most efficient ways to reduce their consumption is to use thermal insulation materials; however, these generally have negative effects on the environment and human health. Bio-insulations are presented as a good alternative solution to this problem, thus motivating the study of the properties of natural or recycled materials that could reduce energy consumption in buildings. Fique is a very important crop in Colombia. In order to contribute to our knowledge of the properties of its fibers as a thermal insulator, the measurement of its thermal conductivity is reported herein, employing equipment designed according to the ASTM C 177 standard and a kinetic study of its thermal decomposition from thermogravimetric data through the Coats–Redfern model-fitting method.

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20

Laban, Mirjana, and Radomir Folic. "Energy efficiency of industrially made buildings influenced by thermal properties of façades." Thermal Science 18, no. 2 (2014): 615–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci120417147l.

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The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the thermal properties of existing residential buildings built in industrial manner in Novi Sad from 1960 to 1990 based on building typology. Each of three analyzed building type has its characteristic fa?ade, with thermal performances divided into periods according to the development of domestic thermal protection building codes. The necessary layer of subsequent insulation is determined by calculations in order to comply with European standards, also applied in Serbia from 2012. The proposed method of periodization simplifies the process of thermal performance assessment and it was checked through the case studies. Evaluation of energy consumption rationalization has been done through comparative analysis of energy losses. Based on the most common energy rehabilitation measures applied in Serbia, it was estimated that it was possible to reduce the energy losses in heating up to 60%.

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Buday, Peter, Rastislav Ingeli, and Miroslav Čekon. "Advanced Thermal Performance Analysis of Thermal Break Element Applied in Balcony Slab." Advanced Materials Research 1041 (October 2014): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1041.167.

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Thermal performance of any building component is the result not only of its thermophysical properties but also of a way of final installation and connections altogether of their all elements. In addition, thermal leakage and bridging in buildings can eventually contribute to a multitude of problems. The thermal bridge is the place in the building envelope through which heat transfer has a multi-dimensional nature. That is why in recent studies, the issue of heat transfer phenomena in the building components is considered as a multi-dimensional more frequently. One of the specific details that create thermal leakage is located in balcony slabs. This paper is focused on detailed analysis of thermal performance of thermal break element applied in balcony slab with relation to the thermal aspects of wall building envelope. Particular cases of commonly used balcony systems in buildings are observed related to multi-dimensional and parametric approach of modeling. As result of analyzed thermal aspects, such as importance of building envelope type and its thermal performance, variations of thermal properties, are presented as study findings that affected thermal bridges magnitude and resultant thermal performance of balcony slab detail.

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Buday, Peter, Rastislav Ingeli, and Miroslav Čekon. "Influence of Thermal Break Element Applied in Balcony Slab on Internal Surface Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 1057 (October 2014): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1057.79.

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Reduction of energy use in buildings is an important measure to achieve climate change mitigation. It is essential to minimize heat losses when designing and building energy efficient buildings. For an energy-efficient building in a cold climate, a large part of the space heating demand is caused by transmission losses through the building envelope. To achieve this, it is necessary to have processed a detailed design of buildings. Thermal bridges have to be eliminated in the design of buildings. Thermal bridges occur as point ones or linear. One of the specific details that create thermal leakage is located in balcony slabs. The balcony is one of the main reasons of the increased heat loss of buildings. The presence of thermal bridge in constructions of balcony envelopes influences the energy consumption, durability of the building envelopes, and also the thermal comfort of occupants. This paper is focused on advanced analysis of thermal performance of thermal break element applied in balcony slab with parametric correlation to the thermal properties of wall building envelope.

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Spinelli, Rodrigo, Pedro Henrique Dall'Agnol Pasquali, Angélica Bertotti, Dantara Lerin, Alana F. Pitol, Faustino Patiño-Cambeiro, and Odorico Konrad. "Development of Methodology for Determining the Physical Properties of Natural and Innovative Materials." Advanced Materials Research 1156 (December 2019): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1156.79.

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The high energy consumption of buildings in the various sectors of society, the exploitation of natural resources and the use of fossil fuels make it necessary to research constructive alternatives that can reduce the impact on the planet. The use of thermal insulation in buildings is important for the reduction of energy consumption, however, most of the materials developed are manufactured generating high rates of pollution. This study starts with the use of natural elements (corn cob / soybean straw / pine bark) and innovative elements (vacuum / slimstone plate), in order to improve energy efficiency of buildings. The methodological development of the work began in the selection of materials and development of facade cladding boards. The determination of the thermal conductivity was analyzed using a heating plate and PT100 temperature sensors, determination of the apparent and actual density, and analysis of the material composition using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). After the development of the analyzes, the natural slabs and recycled slimstone showed significant results, with thermal conductivity lower than 0.07 W / m.k.

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Bedov, A. I., A. I. Gabitov, A. M. Gaisin, A. S. Salov, and A. R. Chernova. "CAD technologies under thermal properties analysis of wall cladding of framed buildings." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 456 (December 31, 2018): 012065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/456/1/012065.

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Zhang, Xiang, and Fan Zhang. "Study on the Thermal Properties of the Wood from the Ancient Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 568 (September 2012): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.568.251.

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The thermal properties of three kinds of woods, pinus koraiensis, hemlock and spruce which were taken from the Potala Palace, an ancient building in Lhasa of China, were investigated by using thermogravimetric analysis method carried out in air and nitrogen atmosphere. The results showed that there were three degrading stages for three kinds of woods in air, which corresponded to the water loss in woods, the degradation of the hemicelluloses, celluloses and lignin and oxidation of charred residues. However, there were only two degrading stages of the woods in nitrogen atmosphere, which corresponded to the water loss in woods, the degradation of the hemicelluloses, celluloses and lignin, because the charred residues of the wood could not be further oxidated in inert atmosphere.

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Lin, Cherng Shing, Chia Chun Yu, Te Chi Chen, Shih Cheng Wang, and Chian Yu Peng. "Safety Verification of Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Concrete Beam in the Fire by Applying CFD." Advanced Materials Research 647 (January 2013): 802–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.647.802.

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Advanced countries have adopted performance-based protective design to evaluate safety of buildings for building’s function of fire protection. And they have employed technology of fire protection engineering and quantified data of theoretical numerical model to create an even more flexible evaluation method for building’s fire protection. Buildings suffered varied degree of attack from elevated temperature and thermal radiation, which leads to changes in physical, chemical and mechanical properties, might result in considerable damage to the buildings and their structure. Such damage threatens populace life. This paper uses FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) software to analyze thermal flow field of fire. The temperature boundary condition of simulation results are then entered in the CFD (Computer Fluid Dynamics) software PHOENICS to calculate internal temperature and mechanical property of the beam. This study also integrates related experimental literatures as auxiliary to calculate thermal transmission and strength. Purpose of the above is to investigate elevated temperature and reduction of mechanical property, as well as verify safety of structure.

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Filonenko, Olena, Oleg Yurin, and Olga Kodak. "Thermal Modernization of the Panel Buildings External Walls." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.2 (June 20, 2018): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.2.14386.

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The thermal protection level of the first mass series panel buildings (series 111-94) is the lowest among residential buildings in Poltava. The problems of these buildings’ thermal modernization, is consideration of heat-conducting inclusions effect on the reduced resistance to heat transfer. In the studies such heat-conducting inclusions as the panel joints’ design, the window slope and the external wall geometry (the external corner) were taken into account. Studies were performed for the four pattern sections of the outer wall. Panels of two thickness variants with two joint designs were under consideration.To analyze the thermal protection level, the results of the two-dimensional temperature fields’ calculations were used. The analysis of the wall panels’ thermal protection level before the thermal modernization was performed. The magnitude of the heat conducting inclusions effect on reduced resistance of the walling to the heat transfer before and after the thermal modernization is determined. Possible ways of improving the wall panels’ heat-protective properties to the level of the standards in Ukraine are considered. The optimal variant of insulation for each pattern was chosen.

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Bienvenido-Huertas, David, Miguel Oliveira, Carlos Rubio-Bellido, and David Marín. "A Comparative Analysis of the International Regulation of Thermal Properties in Building Envelope." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 10, 2019): 5574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205574.

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To achieve the goals of reducing building energy consumption, regulations are being designed to guarantee the appropriate energy performance of buildings. Both European and South American countries establish requirements of thermal properties of building envelope according to the climate zone, thus implying notable differences in climate classifications and technical requirements. This research provides a general view of advantages and limitations between the different state regulations of three South American countries (Argentina, Brazil, and Chile) and three European countries (Spain, Portugal, and France). A total of 792 simulations were conducted with Energy Plus by considering 12 different dwelling typologies in 66 climate zones. Building envelopes were adapted to the regulations of the various countries. Results showed tendencies of performance clearly different between the South American and the European countries, with the latter being those with the lowest energy demands. The cluster analysis of distributions of energy demand revealed that buildings located in similar climates but in different countries present very different energy performances. This research opens up the discussion on the development of more demanding policies related to thermal properties of buildings. Also, the analysis at a continental scale could reduce the differences between countries and guarantee a more sustainable life for the building stock.

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Di Girolamo, Luca, Gigliola Ausiello, Gianpiero Russo, and Gabriella Marone. "High thermal conductivity concrete for energy piles." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 33 (March 3, 2022): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2022.33.0125.

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Research is increasingly focusing on thermal properties of concrete with the aim of reducing the heat exchange between buildings and environment. On the other hand, concretes with high thermal conductivity could have interesting applications in the field of thermo-active ground structures as Geothermal Energy Piles (GEPs). This kind of foundations represent an environmentally friendly technology that allows exploiting the heat of the shallow earth surface to supply renewable energy for the air conditioning of buildings. GEPs are needed for structural and geotechnical reasons and allow recovering the installation costs connected to vertical boreholes. Concrete drilled or driven piles are equipped with a Primary Circuit (PC) of high-density polyethylene plastic pipes attached to the reinforcement cages. Thermal energy is extracted from or injected into the ground thought a carrier fluid that flows into the pipes of the PC. To improve the heat exchange between the pile and soil the thermal properties of the concrete should be considered as design parameters. Concrete thermal conductivity, contrary to what happens for the buildings, should be increased to optimise the thermal performance of the GEPs. Different solutions that modify the mix design of concrete are proposed to the aim of increasing the thermal performance of GEPs.

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Kubečková, Darja, Vlastimil Matějka, Michal Kraus, Markéta Černá, Jana Kukutschová, and Libor Žídek. "Biotic Attack in Claddings of Prefabricated Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 372 (August 2013): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.372.189.

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Problems biotic attack facades of prefabricated buildings takes particular with regard to given increasing demands and requirements of thermal technique and energy. In the last twenty years, increased demands on thermal properties of exterior walls, increasing the thickness of thermal insulation, additional insulation contact changes prefabricated walls on multilayer circuit design, but at the same time claddings prefab evident adverse side effects in the form of color change in outer surface rendering locally and globally. In this paper are discussed laboratory tests on the sample confirmed the presence of external plaster façade panel biotic attach building, which is equipped with additional contact system.

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Lakatos, Akos. "Measurements of Thermal Properties of Different Building Materials." Advanced Materials Research 1016 (August 2014): 733–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1016.733.

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In this paper we present measurements and measurement methods carried out on construction and building materials in our Building Physics laboratory in University of Debrecen, Faculty of Engineering, Hungary. The investigations with different methods are so significant from the point of view of thermal sizing and designing of the buildings. The laboratory measurements of the thermal properties of materials and in-built structures are very important either for the manufacturers or the designers. In this communication the measurement result are presented. Thermal conductivities will be calculated after steady state thermal resistance measurements both from Calibration hot box (CC) and Heat Flux measurements carried out by Hukseflux (HF) apparatus. Calorific values of some insulating materials will be presented after combusting them in a CAL2K ECO type bomb calorimeter.

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Yang, Xue Bin, De Fa Sun, Xiang Jiang Zhou, and Ji Chun Yang. "Literature Surveys on Benchmarking and Rating of Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 3520–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.3520.

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This study reviews some published literatures on the benchmarking and ranking guidelines, tools and comparison of buildings. Energy performance, Indoor air quality and thermal comfort can be covered for the rating tools for buildings. Further, the energy performance can also be calculated by the other parameters related to the room thermal properties. A rating system to benchmark buildings can employ several parameters including indoor environment quality, clothing volume, predicted mean vote, operative temperature, and thermal energy consumption. It can be concluded that the indoor air quality or thermal comfort can be used to evaluate buildings due to their influence on the occupant satisfaction and job performance. Also, building benchmarking or rating will be various because Different comfort criteria may lead to different comfort temperature.

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Jalilluddin, Aimi Munirah, Seti Mariam Ayop, and Kartini Kamaruddin. "Evaluation on the Thermal Conductivity of Sand-Cement Blocks with Kenaf Fiber." Advanced Materials Research 626 (December 2012): 485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.626.485.

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Mechanical means of ventilation and air-conditioning system in Malaysian buildings are used continuously to provide and maintain the comfort of indoor environment to the occupants of the buildings. It was found that the system used led to higher rate of energy consumption. Hence, development of masonry units with high thermal insulation properties is a necessity. This paper represented the study on the thermal conductivity and the density of sand-cement blocks incorporated with different proportions of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) fiber as additive. The amount of kenaf fiber inclusions were the main focus to observe the achievement of best results for both properties. It was found that kenaf fiber content had an advantage to reduce the self-weight of blocks whilst reducing the thermal conductivity property. Hence, it can be seen that there is a potential in developing masonry units for single wall components in Malaysian buildings with lightweight features and thermal insulator properties.

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Alves, Patrícia, Diogo Azeiteiro Dias, and Ana Dora Rodrigues Pontinha. "Silica Aerogel-Rubber Composite: A Sustainable Alternative for Buildings’ Thermal Insulation." Molecules 27, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 7127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27207127.

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Silica aerogel composites with recycled tire rubber have been synthesized and evaluated for their potential use for thermal protection in buildings. The present work describes for the first time the preparation of silica-based aerogel composites containing recycled rubber tires reinforced with polyvinyl butyral (PVB) by hot pressing. The developed composite was extensively characterized regarding its physical, morphological, thermal and mechanical features, and the results showed their properties were relevant, leading to composites with different properties/performances. The obtained bulk density values were satisfactory, down to 474 kg·m−3, and very good thermal properties were achieved, namely, thermal conductivity as low as 55 mW·m−1·K−1 for composites with silica aerogel, recycled tire rubber and PVB. The most promising composites were those based on low bulk density and thermal conductivity values, and they were thermally stable, indicating their suitability for thermal insulation applications.

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35

Khuranov, Valery K., Aues S. Tsipinov, and Muzarib I. Bjakhov. "Wall Panels with Improved Thermal Properties on KBR's Porous Fillers." Materials Science Forum 931 (September 2018): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.931.243.

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The article describes the design of buildings for multi-apartment houses 139 series, designed for construction in the conditions of the Kabardino-Balkaria Republic (KBR). An analysis of existing wall panel variants based on their thermal characteristics was carried out and a new constructive solution was proposed using porous fillers of KBR. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of the proposed structural concrete is determined analytically and the heat engineering calculation of the external wall panel is presented.

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36

Vavrovič, Boris. "Importance of Envelope Construction Renewal in Panel Apartment Buildings in Terms of Basic Thermal Properties." Advanced Materials Research 855 (December 2013): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.855.97.

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Envelope constructions of panel apartment buildings in Slovakia are made up of one or more layers of external panels. They typically have one or double-skin flat roofs. Nowadays, almost all envelope constructions, that yet have not been insulated and renovated, show to have insufficient thermoisolation performances. Especially roofs seems to have unsatisfactory moisture regime facilities. The article describes fundamental thermal technical characteristics of envelope constructions (external walls and flat roofs) in panel appartment buildings in their original state and after renewal in the form of additional thermal insulation.

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Baghban, Mohammad Hajmohammadian, and Mohaddeseh Tahanpour Javadabadi. "Effect of Hydrophobic Aerogel Granules on Thermomechanical Properties of Cementitious Composites." Materials Science Forum 971 (September 2019): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.971.114.

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Thermal conductivity is an important material property in the energy design process of the buildings. While cement-based materials are the most consumed materials in construction industry, thermal properties of these materials can play a significant role in energy efficiency of the buildings. Cementitious materials with low thermal conductivity can be desirable for using as a part of heat insulation or for thermal bridge calculations. In this study, hydrophobic aerogel granules were used as aggregate and combination of Portland cement and fly ash was considered as the binder in order to achieve a material with low thermal conductivity. Replacement of 50 vol% hardened cement paste (hcp) by aerogel granules led to about 70% reduction in thermal conductivity of air dried samples (from 0.67 W/mK to 0.20 W/mK). However, this reduction was nearly 50% in moist samples submerged in water for three days (from 0.97 W/mK to 0.50 W/mK) due to replacement of air by water in hcp pores, which can be avoided by using hydrophobic agents. The thermal conductivity can be reduced by increasing water-cement ratio as well as aerogel content. This type of composite can be used as cast concrete or on-site 3D printing of wall elements.

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Malysheva, Valeria A., Elena G. Frizen, and Zemfira S. Adigamova. "Facade renovation of existing buildings according tothermotechnical standards." Journal «Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsiyi. Stroyitelstvo. Nedvizhimost» 10, no. 4 (2020): 588–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2917-2020-4-588-593.

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This paper aims to justify façade renovations of existing buildings with the purpose of saving resources on their heating. In the experimental section, thermo technical calculations were carried out to determine the optimal thickness of the insulation layer. As an example, panel residential buildings in the city of Orenburg were analysed. The calculations were performed according to the standards formulated in the SNIP II-3-79 “Construction heat engineering” and SP 50.13330.2012 “Thermal protection of buildings”. As a result, approaches to improving the thermal properties of enclosing structures constructed before 2012 are presented in accordance with modern standards. An argument in favour of façade renovations is provided, consisting in an overall decrease in utility fees due to reduced heat losses. A possible approach to increasing the thermal properties of enclosing structures is the use of as hinged ventilated facades. It is concluded that buildings failing to meet modern requirements and standards should undergo renovation.

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Heniegal, Ashraf Mohamed, Omar Mohamed Omar Ibrahim, Nour Bassim Frahat, and Mohamed Amin. "Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Mortar Incorporated with Phase Change Materials (PCMs)." Key Engineering Materials 921 (May 30, 2022): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-f0qyby.

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Phase change materials (PCMs) integration into cement mortar is among the new studies of interest regarding modern energy-saving techniques and developing the thermal properties in buildings. This study aims to integrate microencapsulated-PCMs (micro-PCMs) with cement mortar at 0, 5, 10, and 15% to replace natural sand for thermal properties improvement of the building envelope. In addition, the effect of using micro-PCMs on mechanical, thermal properties, and PCMs leakage problems were studied. The cement mortars incorporated with micro-PCMs were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal conductivity, and mechanical properties as (compressive, flexural, and tensile). The results indicate a decreasing trend of thermal conductivity values with the increase in PCMs content in the cementitious system with the percentages of 11, 21, and 30% for 5, 10, and 15% PCMs, respectively. Similarly, mechanical properties results also confirmed that integrating incorporating mortars with PCMs resulted in the reduction in the compressive strength by 22, 31, and 46%, respectively. Therefore, using the PCMs with cement mortar can build envelope applications to store thermal energy, provide the indoor temperature at a comfortable range, and reduce the consumption energy in buildings.

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Karade, Sukhdeo R. "Potential of Cork Cement Composite as a Thermal Insulation Material." Key Engineering Materials 666 (October 2015): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.666.17.

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The growing environmental concern throughout the globe has led architects & engineers to design energy efficient buildings. Consequently, they are looking for building materials that can reduce the energy consumption in buildings to maintain the comfort level. Use of proper thermal insulating materials can reduce the energy required for heating or cooling of the buildings. Presently mineral wool and various foams are used for this purpose. Efforts are being made to use wastes in making thermal insulation materials so that the impact on environment can be further reduced. Cork granules are obtained as waste from the cork processing industries that make ‘bottle stoppers’ as a main product. These granules have a low density and could be used as lightweight aggregates for making concrete with low thermal conductivity. This article describes the physico-mechanical properties of lightweight cementitious composites made using cork granules. Further, environmental benefits of their application in thermal insulation of buildings has been discussed.

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Kalousek, Miloš, and Jitka Mohelníková. "Influence of Window on Solar Gains and Daylight Level." Advanced Materials Research 1041 (October 2014): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1041.175.

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Energy savings led to design requirements for buildings with thermally insulated envelopes. Window glazing with better thermal insulation properties have in many cases reduced transmittance of solar radiation. They decrease solar thermal gains and daylight level in buildings. A study of influence of selected windows on solar gains and daylighting in a reference room is presented in the paper.

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42

Parameshwaran, Rajagolalan, and Siva Kalaiselvam. "Thermal Energy Storage Properties of Hybrid Nanocomposite – Embedded Phase Change Material for Sustainable Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 935 (May 2014): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.935.251.

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The thermal properties of the new copper–titania hybrid nanocomposite embedded organic ester phase change material (HNPCM) were analyzed experimentally. The surface functionalized hybrid nanocomposite (HyNC) embedded into the PCM has effectively created the densely packed network of thermal interfaces in the PCM matrix layers. The experimental results suggest that, the incorporation of the HyNC has enabled the HNPCM to exhibit improved thermal conductivity (0.347 W/m K), congruent phase transition temperature (freezing: 33.53ᵒC, melting: 35.32 ᵒC), high latent heat capacity (freezing: 109.05 kJ/kg, melting: 109.14 kJ/kg) and considerable reduction in (freezing time: 21.2%, melting time: 29.2%). The improved thermal properties being achieved facilitate the HNPCM to be considered as a viable thermal storage material for high performance and sustainable building cooling and heating applications.

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Golovina, Svetlana, Yurii Tikhonov, and Iulia Sokol. "Innovation building materials in energy-saving wall systems of historical buildings in Saint Petersburg." E3S Web of Conferences 217 (2020): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021701004.

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The article notes that the main heat losses during major repairs of buildings of historical development are associated with low thermal resistance of external wall fences, due to the lack of thermal insulation of balcony doors. The purpose of the study: to show a significant reduction in costs in the capital reconstruction of former apartment buildings, of which there are more than one and a half thousand in St. Petersburg, due to the use of innovative thermal insulation materials. Methods: thermal imaging, laboratory research. Results: as a result of studying the humidity regime, the experimental section of the wall, determining the dew point, resistance to vapor permeability, air permeability, and construction properties of historical bricks, the authors suggest that buildings of historical development follow the rule that provides for insulation of the external walls of these buildings from the inside.

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Petrosova, Daria Vladimirovna, and Dmitri Vadimovich Petrosov. "The Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings with Light Walling." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 814–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.814.

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The main direction of energy saving in construction is the construction of buildings with high heat-shielding properties walling. In connection with this widespread walling using efficient insulation, allow to increase thermal protection of buildings.

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45

Abaza, Hussein, and Ihab Sa'ad. "Adaptive Low-e Double Glazing Window." Journal of Green Building 1, no. 4 (November 1, 2006): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.1.4.104.

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This paper investigates the thermal performance of a new adaptive window which is seasonally reversible. The new window is similar in construction to the regular double-hung low-e windows, but can reverse its properties. In this window, the low-e coating faces the inside during the heating season, which reflects the infrared radiation to the inside. During the cooling season, the low-e coating faces the outside to reflect the outside heat. This window was tested in two test cells to evaluate its thermal performance. WINDOW5.2a software was used to predict the window thermal properties and BEANS building simulation software was used to predict the energy savings of the new window design. The simulation results showed an increase in the heat gain through the new window of up to 38% over the conventional double-glazing low-e window during the heating period for heavy thermal mass buildings, and 14% for light weight thermal mass buildings. At the same time, the window maintained its low heat gain properties in the cooling season. When used in moderate climates, the new adaptive window will significantly reduce energy consumption in buildings during both the heating and the cooling seasons.

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46

Jerman, Miloš, Irene Palomar, Václav Kočí, and Robert Černý. "Thermal and hygric properties of biomaterials suitable for interior thermal insulation systems in historical and traditional buildings." Building and Environment 154 (May 2019): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.03.020.

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47

Šteffek, Libor, Jiří Kalánek, and Milan Ostrý. "Analysis and Quantification of the Influence of Thermal Properties of Building Envelope on the Energy Balance." Advanced Materials Research 1041 (October 2014): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1041.146.

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Unfortunately, buildings are in practice rarely created as expected during the design process. This may be due to changes in the project during the construction, or to poor implementation. Energy consumption of the real building can be significantly different from that theoretically calculated. User behavior and the physical characteristics of buildings and their systems are the main influences for these deviations.This paper deals with a computer simulation quantifying the influence of changes the thermal parameters of a building’s envelope demands of the future energy. Furthermore, it compares the costs and returns of each alternative solution.

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Alzahrani, Mohammed, Roshida Abdul Majid, and Abdullah Saeed Karban. "THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF VERTICAL SHAFTS IN BUILDINGS: AN OVERVIEW OF EFFICIENT DESIGN PARAMETERS." Journal of Information System and Technology Management 7, no. 25 (March 7, 2022): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/jistm.725018.

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There are indications that buildings that include vertical shafts can affect the ‎performance of buildings. Many ‎Publications in major peer-reviewed journals from different fields ‎‎(energy and buildings) were found using various ‎keywords (Air shaft, light well, vertical shaft, thermal performance, etc.). The review of previous studies was on the role of natural ventilation in vertical shaft buildings in different climates, efficient design parameters, and their application to improve thermal performance and decrease energy consumption. These parameters include various vertical shaft configurations and components such as vertical shaft geometry, opening characteristics, roof properties, and materials. The height, length, and width of vertical shafts significantly impact indoor thermal conditions and energy consumption. The second effective design parameter was the openings, which strongly influence air velocity, air pattern, airflow, air temperature, and ventilation rate.

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Lakatos, Ákos, and Anton Trnik. "Thermal characterization of fibrous aerogel blanket." MATEC Web of Conferences 282 (2019): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928201001.

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Nowadays, the application of thermal insulation materials both by the existing and by new buildings is one of the most important actions in order to reduce the energy loss of buildings. Besides the use of the conventional insulations (plastic foams and wool materials) aerogel is one of the most promising thermal insulation material. Aerogels, one of the lightest solid materials available today, are manufactured through the combination of a polymer with a solvent forming a gel. For buildings the fibre reinforced ones are the mainly used types. It is produced by adding the liquid-solid solution to the fibrous batting. In this paper changes in the thermal performance of the aerogel blanket will be followed after thermal annealing. The samples will be put under isothermal heat treatments at 70 °C for 6 weeks, as well as they will be put under thermal treatment at higher temperatures (from 70 °C till 210 °C) for 1 day. The changes in the thermal conductivity will be followed by Holometrix Lambda heat flow meter, as well as, Differential Scanning Calorimetry results will be presented. From the measured values, thermal properties will be calculated. In this paper we will try to clarify the role played by thermal annealing in thermal diffusivity.

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Dowd, Ryan Matthew, and Monjur Mourshed. "Low carbon Buildings: Sensitivity of Thermal Properties of Opaque Envelope Construction and Glazing." Energy Procedia 75 (August 2015): 1284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.189.

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