Статті в журналах: "BUILDING RESTING"

1

Joshi, Harsh. "Review on Seismic Analysis of Multistoried Building in Hilly Region." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39185.

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Abstract: Due to sloping land and high seismically active zones, designing and construction of multistory buildings in hilly regions is always a challenge for structural engineers. This review paper focuses to establish a review study on the Possible Types of building frame configuration in the hilly region and he behavior of Such building frames under seismic loading conditions, and (3) The recent research and developments to make such frames less vulnerable to earthquakes. This paper concludes that the dynamics characteristics of such buildings are significantly different in both horizontal and vertical directions, resulting in the center of mass and center of stiffness having eccentricity at point of action and not vertically aligned for different floors. When such frames are subjected to lateral loads, due to eccentricity it generates torsion in the frame. Most of the studies agree that the buildings resting on slanting ground have higher displacement and base shear compared to buildings resting on plain ground and the shorter column attracts more forces and undergoes damage when subjected to earthquake. Keywords: Building frame configuration, Seismic behavior, Dynamic characteristics, Response spectrum analysis, time history analysis.

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2

Kulkarni, Swapnil. "Seismic Analysis of Building Resting on Sloping Ground." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 15, 2021): 1340–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36647.

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In India, for example, the north-east states. The scarcity of plain ground in hilly areas compels construction activity on sloping ground resulting in various important buildings such as reinforced concrete framed hospitals, colleges, hotels and offices resting on hilly slopes. The behavior of buildings during earthquake depends upon the distribution of mass and stiffness in both horizontal and vertical planes of the buildings. Various models were analyzed using staad pro. after all result and comparison it is found that buildings with set back and step back patterns give more stable pattern during earthquake.

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3

Manjunath, P., and Yogeendra R. Holebsgilu. "Seismic Analysis of Multi Storey Building with Flat Slab Resting on Plain and Sloping Ground." Bonfring International Journal of Man Machine Interface 4, Special Issue (July 30, 2016): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/bijmmi.8150.

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4

Acharya, Upama, and Jagat Kumar Shrestha. "The impact of shear wall location on the seismic response of RC frame buildings resting on sloping ground." Journal of Innovations in Engineering Education 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jiee.v2i1.36665.

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It is observed during the past earthquakes, buildings in hilly regions have experienced high degree of damage leading to collapse though they have been designed for safety of the occupants against natural hazards. Hence, while adopting practice of multistory buildings in these hilly and seismically active areas, utmost care should be taken for making these buildings earthquake resistant. For the buildings on sloping ground, the height of columns below plinth level is not same which affects the performance of building during earthquake. Hence to improve the seismic performance of building shear walls play very important role.It is very necessary to determine the most effective location of shear walls. Shear wall arrangement must be accurate, because if not, it will cause negative effect instead. This paper is aimed at predicting the effect of positioning RC shear wall of different shape on the structural response of RC building resting on sloping ground. Eight models have been prepared considering earth pressure and without considering earth pressure. The displacement of building is to be determined by nonlinear static pushover analysis. For the purpose of pushover analysis and response spectrum analysis finite element-based software SAP 2000 has been utilized.

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5

., Madireddy Satyanarayana. "DESIGN OF MULTI STOREY BUILDING RESTING ON SINGLE COLUMN." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 05, no. 03 (March 25, 2016): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2016.0503075.

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6

D, Deeshma. "Analysis of Seismic Behavior of Multistoried R.C.C Building Resting on Sloping Strata under Seismic Load." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 5293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36205.

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Construction of RC buildings in preferred locations in the north & eastern hilly regions have increased during the last few decades due to urbanization, population increase, and high influx of tourists. The buildings situated in hilly areas are much more prone to seismic environment in comparison to the buildings that are located in flat regions. Structures on slopes differ from other buildings since they are irregular both vertically and horizontally and therefore susceptible to severe damage when subjected to seismic action. The columns of ground storey have varying height due to sloping ground. This paper presents the comparative analysis of various configurations of 15 storied building with to be found on varying slope with different plan and different structural arrangements situated on seismic zone IV. This study compares various reinforced concrete models framed and analysed their response against dynamic loading to identify and struggle the worst possible scenario. The study is carried out for a combination of three different slopes and different building configuration by response spectrum analysis method and various parameters are compared against various constraints.

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7

Shreya Manduskar and V. S. Shingade. "Effect of wind on RC structure resting on sloping ground and analysis done using ETABS software." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2023.9.1.0159.

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Wind load is one of the common loads for civil engineering structures viz. for long span bridges, tall buildings, towers and mast structures also. Wind load is acting on such structure throughout its life span. Therefore it is most important phenomenon to be taken into consideration for a structural engineer. Due to scarcity of land or due to mountainous terrains in North and North-East part of India most of the time structures are constructed on sloping grounds which is a challenge for structural engineer for analysis and design. These structures are also directly subjected to wind loads. India is also having large records of earthquake which left behind loss of many lives and heavy destruction to property and economy. Analysis of buildings in hilly regions with sloping grounds is somewhat different than the building located over a levelled ground. In present study 3D building frames of 25 storied building resting on flat terrain and sloping ground are taken into consideration. For sloping ground slopes of 20⁰,30⁰, and 40⁰ are considered. They are to be analyzed for wind speeds 39 m/s, 47 m/s and 55 m/s respectively. The modelling and analysis can be done using ETABS software which stands for extended three dimensional analysis of building system.

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8

Meghana, H., and C. S. Vijaya Kumar. "Comparative Analysis of Regular and Horizontal Irregular Building on Sloping Ground with Shear Wall and Bracings as Structural Elements using ETABS." International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,Engineering and Technology 11, no. 09 (June 30, 2022): 12278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15680/ijirset.2022.1109098.

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Due to rapid urbanization and economic growth there is huge demand for construction of building. Since population density is high it led to construction of buildings on sloping ground, but this sloping grounds like hilly areas are more prone to earthquake which causes severe damage of life and property. The buildings constructed on hilly areas are different from buildings constructed on flat ground buildings on hilly areas have horizontal/plan, vertical, torsional, mass and many more irregularity. The structure irregularities are considered as one of the main fundamentals of its failure. Here we have done seismic analysis of a G+9 regular RCC building, C and I shape building of floor height 3m resting on sloping ground of horizontal angle of inclination 45o on zone II, Response spectrum analysis is done for three cases that is plain building and building with shear wall and bracings for all the three buildings, after analysis the response of the structures with respect to variation in the story drift, story displacement, base shear, story shear has been recorded and will be discussed and concluded.

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9

Rashmin, Aysha, and Priyanka Devan. "Wind Load Analysis of RC Structure Resting On Sloping Ground By Using Etabs." Journal of Structural Technology 8, no. 1 (April 13, 2023): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jost.2023.v08i01.005.

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Wind load is regarded as one of the crucial design loads that a structure must withstand throughout its lifetime. The impact of wind speed on the building frame has been investigated in this research. Due to a lack of available land, buildings lying on slopes were taken into consideration for the study. The 40-story, three-dimensional building frame is modelled and examined for wind zones of 33 m/s and 39 m/s, respectively. It rests on slopes of 5°, 10°, and 15°. ETABS software is used to perform the modelling and analysis as necessary. The maximum storey displacement and maximum storey drift are the factors taken into account for the post-analysis. For ground slopes and wind speeds, all the parameters have been compared, and the findings have been compiled and graphically shown.

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10

Chore, H. S. "Interactive analysis of a building fame resting on pile foundation." Coupled systems mechanics 3, no. 4 (December 25, 2014): 367–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/csm.2014.3.4.367.

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11

Chore, H. S. "Interactive analysis of a building fame resting on pile foundation." Interaction and multiscale mechanics 6, no. 4 (December 25, 2013): 377–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/imm.2013.6.4.377.

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12

Kulov, Ruslan P., Alan R. Kulov, and Haza R. Kulova. "Operational Reliability of Industrial Buildings in Seismically Dangerous Areas." Earthquake Engineering. Construction Safety, no. 3 (June 25, 2020): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37153/2618-9283-2020-3-44-51.

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The solution of a single-storey industrial building, of working with significant horizontal seismic vibrations. Earthquake building carried out by separating the sole-plate foundation resting on the ground, from the rest of the multi-stage foundation for the frame column. The gap formed by constructive in the individual cells are arranged point-balls bearings, have freedom of movement in the horizontal plane. Under horizontal vibrations of the earth and the sole-plate the rest of the basement and the building itself remain at rest. It noted an interesting fact: the performance and reliability of the proposed solutions of seismic stability of buildings received unexpected confirmation, that one of the buildings in the Chilean capital of Santiago, built in the sixteenth century, survived dozens of earthquakes, is the oldest building and it became clear that its ancient walls are mounted on ball-shaped stones.

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13

Невзоров, Александр, Aleksandr Nevzorov, Андрей Никитин, Andrey Nikitin, Юрий Саенко, and Yuriy Saenko. "FLOOR CONSTRUCTION IN BASEMENTS OF RECONSTRUCTED BUILDINGS ON PEATY SOILS." Construction and Architecture 7, no. 1 (April 19, 2019): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/article_5c646f193849d0.19403057.

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A practical way to utilize the underground space of buildings is deepening the basement. Where peat is found under the building basement, floor construction proves to be a challenging engineering problem. The article describes several basement floor construction methods for building reconstruction on peaty soils in the city of Arkhangelsk. Peaty soils require bored, driven or jacked piles up to 8 m long. Due to continuous peat consolidation, "floating" floors resting on the ground cannot be used. Numerical simulation of piles in PLAXIS 3D software provides load-settlement curves closely correlating with the results of static load tests.

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14

Bariker, Pankaj, and Sreevalsa Kolathayar. "Dynamic Soil Structure Interaction of a High-Rise Building Resting over a Finned Pile Mat." Infrastructures 7, no. 10 (October 19, 2022): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures7100142.

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High-rise building safety is generally supported by pile-mat systems. They must be sturdy enough to withstand potential lateral loads brought on by earthquakes, wind, dredging, and machine vibrations, in addition to increased axial loads. An innovative piled-mat foundation system is required to deal with these impacts because standard pile foundation systems only have lateral capacities that are 10% of their axial capacities. This study aims to reduce the damage caused by seismic impacts on high-rise buildings using shear walls supported by piled mats, thereby minimizing vibrations within the structure. Compared with conventional pile systems, the finned-pile foundation is a proven method that can withstand a 65% to 80% higher lateral load; hence, a series of SSI analyses were performed on a 25-story high-rise building, with the shear wall resting on a finned-pile mat (FP-Mat), under a far-field earthquake excitation, using ABAQUS software. The seismic responses were studied by performing a time–history analysis on the FP-Mat, with varying fin-lengths (Lf) of 0.2Lp, 0.4Lp, 0.6Lp, and 0.8Lp, which was compared with an analysis of a conventional piled-mat (RP-Mat). The seismic responses for RP-Mat and FP-Mats were studied with peak-acceleration, maximum horizontal displacement, and inter-story drifts acting as the damage parameters. The provision of FP-Mats significantly reduced the vibrations and seismic effects on the building, and as the fin-length increased, the vibrations and seismic effects reduced further. The drifting bound was also reduced as the fin-length increased. The optimum fin-length for FP-Mats is suggested to be 0.6Lp in terms of seismic performance and construction efficiency. This study helps one understand the seismic behaviors of high-rise buildings resting on finned pile mats.

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15

Dulganti, Dheeraj Reddy. "Literature Review on Interaction Analysis of Building Resting on Sloping Ground." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37907.

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Abstract: An increase in economic growth, as well as urbanization in the hilly areas, encourages the construction in the hilly region. Considering this fact the engineers should assure the safety of constructions in the slopy region. To understand the past attempts carried out on the constructions of the building on the slopy ground the systematic literature survey is done which includes the parameters like types of the building suitable for hilly regions, slope inclinations for safe superstructure in seismic events, types of safety measures recommended to assure the safety of superstructure and necessity of interaction analysis for the constructions in the hilly region. The survey so carried out in the paper gives a fair idea about the research gap and thus motivates researchers to carry out future research on the gap identified. Keywords: soil-structure interaction; slopy ground; bracing system; literature survey; equivalent static analysis; hilly region constructions.

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16

Katić, Mario. "Marking the Resting Place with the Deceased." Godišnjak Centra za balkanološka ispitivanja, no. 41 (January 6, 2022): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/godisnjak.cbi.anubih-41.15.

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In this paper I tried, on the basis of available literature and newly discovered data, to indicate possible links among the practices of mirila, karsikko, and cross-tree. Using these comparisons I endeavor to show that the custom of marking the place of resting with the deceased is not specific to a narrow strip of Croatian hinterland and that, if we want to get to importantinsights about the custom of mirila, it will be necessary to expand the geographical context and focus of research. The term mirila in the literature involves the stone construction marking the resting place with the deceased. It’s usually on the way from the home of the deceased to the cemetery. The funeral procession would stop, carriers would lay down the deceased onthe ground for the first and last time before the cemetery. In Finland there was a custom known as karsikko which roughly means “pruning of the tree”, but also denotes memorial inscriptions features on board, on building walls or on rocks (Vilkuna 1993:136). The funeral procession from the house of the deceased to the cemetery stoped at a certain place which is alreadyused for the same purpose, and people would select a tree and carve a cross, the initials of the deceased, year of death, etc., or write the same data on the board which would then be attached on the tree. Karsikko as a memorial to the place of resting with the deceased has the same function as a cross-tree (Vilkuna 1993: 136). Over time, karsikko became the term for markingson the stone, the walls of buildings and for the inscription on the wooden board that they nailed to the cross-tree. At sixteen sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina there are also records of the custom of incising the cross on trees at the road crossings were they rested with the deceased. At two locations in Bosnia, geographically close to the Dalmatian hinterland andthe rockier area, there was another form of marking such a place. In Brežnja near Srebrenica they would stop three times and each time they would place a stone under the head of the deceased. In Pale, near Sarajevo, the procession also stopped three times. The deceased is laid on the ground and a stone is placed above his head and under his feet. In Serbia the funeralprocession would also stop three times at intersections. Stopping places were called počivališta (resting place) and there they carved a cross on a tree. In Montenegro, at the site of the Trepča near Nikšić, they were resting three times on the road to the cemetery. In Macedonia, there are also records of stopping at crossings but without defining a locality. At all recorded sites, there is a repeated pattern of constant change of performance and meaning of the ritual practice. Starting with Sweden, Finland, Estonia, and coming to Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Croatia. The significance of the place also changes, because ofchange in everyday life. In Karelia in the 19th century it was no longer important to carve in the three, or to rest on a half way to the cemetery, it was enough to make a mark on the stone in the yard or on the wall of the farm building. In the hinterland of Zadar today (2012.), it is not important to lay down the deceased on the ground (they don`t even carry him out of thecar), but it is important to stop and mark the resting place. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that there could be a possible link between customs of building of mirila, karsikko and cross-tree relying on almost identical custom that was recorded in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro and Macedonia and its geographical change as one approaches tothe Dalmatian hinterland.

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17

Tadesse, Z. L., H. K. Padavala, and V. R. P. Koteswara. "Effect of subterranean levels on the dynamic response of RC-MRF buildings." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1273, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1273/1/012014.

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Abstract The dynamic response of reinforced concrete moment resisting frame (RC-MRF) building structures is mostly altered by the substructure system such as the type of foundations and features of subterranean levels, as well as subsurface soil conditions. The majority of low-to high-rise buildings, in urban areas, are designed with one or multi-level subterranean levels for parking and other services. However, many designers overlooked incorporating these subterranean levels and soils in the seismic resistance analysis assuming that the building is fixed at the ground surface. The present study assessed the effect of the subterranean levels on the dynamic response of RC-MRF buildings. Several two-dimensional (2D) nonlinear finite element seismic response analyses were carried out in ABAQUS software for medium-rise buildings without and with one to multi-level subterranean levels resting on a deep homogenous soft soil profile under the effect of strong seismic input motion. It was observed that the subterranean levels considerably alter the dynamic characteristics and demands of the building structures. Hence, explicitly incorporating the subterranean components and foundation soil during the seismic resistance design of building structures is important.

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18

Shetgaonkar, Shreya Sitakant, and Purnanand Savoikar. "Seismic Response of Multistoried Building with Different Foundations Considering Interaction Effects." Applied Mechanics and Materials 877 (February 2018): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.877.276.

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Current seismic design practice assumes the base of the building to be fixed and does not consider the flexibility of foundation and soil. This assumption is realistic only when the structure is founded on solid rock or when the relative stiffness of the foundation soil compared to the superstructure is high. Whereas, in reality due to natural ability of soil to deform, supporting soil medium modifies the response of the structure during earthquake to some extent. In this work the effect of soil structure interaction on seismic response of building resting on different types of foundation was studied. Present work aims to study the effect of soil structure interaction on seismic response of building resting on fixed base, pile foundation, raft foundation and combined pile-raft foundation. G+9 RCC building is analyzed for earthquake loads considered in zone III by response spectrum method and storey displacement and base shear force of building by considering and without considering SSI effect is found out by using MIDAS GEN software.

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19

Fatahi, Behzad, and S. Hamid Reza Tabatabaiefar. "Effects of Soil Plasticity on Seismic Performance of Mid-Rise Building Frames Resting on Soft Soils." Advances in Structural Engineering 17, no. 10 (November 2014): 1387–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.17.10.1387.

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In this study, the effects of Plasticity Index (PI) variation on the seismic response of mid-rise building frames resting on soft soil deposits are investigated. To achieve this goal, three structural models including 5, 10, and 15 storey buildings are simulated in conjunction with a clayey soil representing soil class Ee according to the classification of AS1170.4–2007 (Earthquake actions in Australia) and then varying the Plasticity Index. Structural sections of the selected frames were designed according to AS3600–2009 (Australian Standard for Concrete Structures) after undertaking dynamic analysis under the influence of four different earthquake ground motions. The frame sections are modelled and analysed, employing finite difference method adopting FLAC 2D software under two different boundary conditions: (i) fixed base (no Soil-Structure Interaction), and (ii) flexible base considering soil-structure interaction. Fully nonlinear dynamic analyses under the influence of different earthquake records are conducted and the results in terms of maximum lateral displacements and inter-storey drifts for the above mentioned boundary conditions are obtained, compared, and discussed. Base on the results of the numerical investigations, it becomes apparent that as the Plasticity Index of the subsoil increases, the base shears of mid-rise building frames resting on soft soil deposits increase, while the lateral deflections and corresponding inter-storey drifts decrease. It is concluded that reduction of the Plasticity Index could noticeably amplify the effects of soil-structure interaction on the seismic response of mid-rise building frames.

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20

Okoye, Peter Uchenna, Kevin Chuks Okolie, Christian Ifeanyi Ohaedeghasi, and Chukwuemeka Ngwu. "Ecomusicology: A socioecological dimension towards acoustically sustainable residential buildings." Sustinere: Journal of Environment and Sustainability 4, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 172–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/sustinere.jes.v4i3.123.

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This study examined the socioecological roles of music sounds towards achieving acoustically sustainable residential building. The study adopted a survey research approach where questionnaires were distributed to the occupants of different types of residential buildings in three urban cities of Anambra State Nigeria. The survey data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) Software. The results revealed that music plays significant roles towards acoustically sustainable building performance with the overall average mean score index of 4.36 and a range of 3.64 to 4.87. But the three most outstanding roles played by music towards acoustically sustainable building performance were: Enabling pleasant sound environment (4.87), improving quality of relaxation and resting (4.83), and increasing acoustic comfort and satisfaction (4.79). The result of one-way ANOVA revealed that music sounds significantly influence acoustical sustainability performance of residential buildings (p-value (.000) < α (0.05); F-ratio (148.377) > F-critical (3.020)); and that there was no significance difference between opinions of residents of the three urban cities in this regard (p-value (0.713) > α (0.05); F-ratio (0.338) < F-critical (3.020)). This study therefore, canvassed for integration of music principles and acoustics into sustainable building design processes as a way of achieving a sustainable building.

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21

Acacio, Alexis A., Yoshikazu Kobayashi, Ikuo Towhata, R. T. Bautista, and Kenji Ishihara. "Subsidence of Building Foundation Resting Upon Liquefied Subsoil: Case Studies and Assessment." Soils and Foundations 41, no. 6 (December 2001): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/sandf.41.6_111.

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Singh, Aparna, Sunita Tolani, S. D. Bharti, and T. K. Datta. "Seismic Analysis of Flat Slab Buildings on Hilly Ground." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 775–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.580.

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In India, hilly region especially northern part is more seismically active region. Flat Slab systems are widely popular in multi-storey buildings. Flat slab building has more advantages than a regular building like fast construction, free design space, reduced floor to floor height and economical. Flat slab buildings are also being built in high seismicity region. Buildings on hilly ground are vulnerable due to their vertical and horizontal irregularity and they undergo high shear and torsion during the earthquake. Further due to short column and soft storey on uphill side has higher lateral forces that are cause to failure of buildings. In this paper, an attempt has been made to assess the seismic behavior of flat slab resting on hilly slope with soft storey and set back configuration. The methodologies have been adopted are linear dynamic analysis i.e. response spectrum analysis. Building is analyzed and designed by Etabs software. Maximum displacement, maximum inter-storey drift and storey shear are determined as response quantities. It is observed from the study that for flat slab buildings on hill slopes the storey shear is very high in the bottom columns at higher ground level, therefore extra care should be taken to design these columns for earthquake load.

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Woo, Jiyoung, Guillaume Rudasingwa, and Sungroul Kim. "Assessment of Daily Personal PM2.5 Exposure Level According to Four Major Activities among Children." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 24, 2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010159.

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Particulate matters less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter (PM2.5), whose concentration has increased in Korea, has a considerable impact on health. From a risk management point of view, there has been interest in understanding the variations in real-time PM2.5 concentrations per activity in different microenvironments. We analyzed personal monitoring data collected from 15 children aged 6 to 11 years engaged in different activities such as commuting in a car, visiting a commercial building, attending an education institute, and resting inside home from October 2018 to March 2019. The fraction of daily mean exposure duration per activity was 72.7 ± 18.7% for resting inside home, 27.2 ± 14.4% for attending an education institute, and 11.5 ± 9.6% and 5.3 ± 5.9% for visiting a commercial building, commuting in a car, respectively. Daily median (interquartile range) PM2.5 exposure amount was 88.9 (55.9–159.7) μg in houses and that in education buildings was 43.3 (22.9–55.6) μg. Real-time PM2.5 exposure levels varied by person and time of day (p-value < 0.05). This study demonstrated that our real-time personal monitoring and data analysis methodologies were effective in detecting polluted microenvironments and provided a potential person-specific management strategy to reduce a person’s exposure level to PM2.5.

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Mohammadi, M. H., P. kumar, and V. Rishi. "The effective placing of Shear Wall for Seismic Resistance of G+5 Story building on sloping Ground." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1110, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1110/1/012015.

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Abstract The buildings located on the sloped ground are irregular. Therefore, Prone to hard destruction when acted by earthquake forces. These types of buildings have different stiffness and mass in the horizontal and vertical directions. As result, the centre of rigidity and centre of mass does not coincide on a different floor and cause to suffer high damage due to irregularity during an earthquake. Because it is considered that, the seismic performance of the building in a sloped area is much more different from the plain area. Present study deal with the Earthquake manner of the G+5 story building with a shear wall in a hilly area. The fundamental aims are to; investigate the performance of G+5 story building on the sloped area for different positioning of the shear wall, and to understand the impressiveness of SW on a sloped area. In this paper, G+5 story buildings with and without shear walls resting on the sloped ground are observed. Modelling and analysis are done by considering the response spectrum with the assistance of STAAD Pro and different configurations of a shear wall compared with considering story displacement, maximum bending moment, base shear, and axial forces.

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Vejvara, Luděk. "The Effects of Floor Structures on the Masonry Walls of Multistorey Building." Solid State Phenomena 322 (August 9, 2021): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.322.117.

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In this contribution, the determination of loading forces in the joint of the floor structure and masonry is presented. The point is a subject being accompanied by designing multistorey masonry buildings.The problem of this apparently simple assignment is not so much a calculation of values from characteristic loading of both floors and walls or an actual numerical calculation of masonry carrying capacity, but a correct stipulation of the resultant force location at the spot under the floor structure.In the paper, the resting types of reinforced concrete floor structure on the masonry, influences on the resultant force magnitude, its position to the mid-masonry and consequences for the masonry construction design. The resting examples of floor structures, exhibitions of calculation, and schemas are given. Auxiliary tables and charts to specify the moments in the head of masonry were made up. In conclusion, a recommendation to the optimal span of floor structure destined for masonry construction is stated.

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IHALAUW, John Joi, Dwiyono Rudi SUSANTO, Joko TRIYONO, Aldi Wisnumurti SARWONO, Moch Nur SYAMSU, and Nur ROHMAN. "Exploring the Sustainability of Taman Sari Water Castle as a Heritage Tourist Destination of Indonesia." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12, no. 5 (September 12, 2021): 1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v12.5(53).25.

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Taman Sari is an asset of historical heritage and as an ancient building that was built during the reign of Sultan Hamengkubuwono I of Yogyakarta Kingdom. Previously, Taman Sari castle was used as a resting place for the Sultan in the past, besides that Taman Sari also functioned as a hiding place for the Sultan, during the war against the Dutch. Taman Sari building contains four cultural elements namely; Hinduism, Buddhism, Chinese, Islam. These four cultures are manifested in the form of buildings in Taman Sari. At present Taman Sari has changed its function to become a tourist attraction visited by many tourists, both local and foreign visitors who travel to Taman Sari. The purpose of this study is to explore the historical value in Taman Sari, using interview, observation and data collection methods. The benefits of the research are to show that many of the meanings contained in the Taman Sari building, and their existence, need to be preserved and developed sustainably as special interest tours.

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Petridis, Christos, and Dimitris Pitilakis. "Fragility curve modifiers for reinforced concrete dual buildings, including nonlinear site effects and soil–structure interaction." Earthquake Spectra 36, no. 4 (June 22, 2020): 1930–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755293020919430.

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We investigate the influence of soil–structure interaction (SSI) and nonlinear soil behavior on the seismic fragility of reinforced concrete (RC) dual (frame + shear wall) buildings resting on shallow foundations. This article includes a holistic methodology to account for nonlinear soil behavior and soil–foundation–structure interaction in a modular way. Using nonlinear dynamic analyses, we derive fragility curves for a wide set of building typologies and soil profiles, showing that soil behavior during strong shaking significantly affects the vulnerability of the soil–foundation–structure system. The influence of SSI is pronounced mostly for soft soil profiles, varying in a building-specific way. Post-processing of our results evolves into a set of fragility modifiers that enable risk analysts to massively account for soil-related and/or SSI effects in large-scale risk assessments.

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Alzabeebee, Saif, and Davide Forcellini. "Numerical Simulations of the Seismic Response of a RC Structure Resting on Liquefiable Soil." Buildings 11, no. 9 (August 25, 2021): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11090379.

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The seismic response of buildings resting on liquefiable soil is a complex problem that is still poorly understood despite numerous studies on the topic. This paper attempts to enhance the understanding of this phenomenon by simulating an RC structure resting on liquefiable soil and subjected to seismic shakes. The solid-fluid fully coupled analysis was conducted with OpenSeesPL utilizing 58 earthquake records to simulate a wide range of shaking scenarios. In addition, the effect of the soil density and the thickness of the liquefiable layer were examined. It was noted that the liquefaction-induced settlement of the building increased as peak ground acceleration (PGA) increased, where the percentage increase ranged between 2.5% and 888.0% depending on the soil density, thickness of the liquefiable layer, PGA and the predominant frequency of the seismic shake. However, a scatter of the relationship between the PGA and the liquefaction-induced settlement was also noted due to the effect of the predominant frequency of the seismic shake. In addition, a reduced effect from soil density on the liquefaction-induced settlement was observed, where the settlement changed by up to 55% as the soil density changed from loose to medium, and by 68% as the density changed from loose to dense. Additionally, the results of the lateral displacement of the building did not show a definite trend with the increase in PGA, which could be attributed to the complex interaction between PGA amplification and the predominant frequency of the seismic shake as the liquefiable soil layer thickness changed.

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Waris, Muhammad Bilal, Khalifa Al-Jabri, and Issa El-Hussain. "COMPARISON OF OMAN SEISMIC CODE WITH INTERNATIONAL COUNTERPARTS BASED ON REGIONAL SEISMIC HAZARD." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 19, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53540/tjer.vol19iss1pp1-12.

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Oman Seismic Code (OSC) was developed in 2013 to provide guidelines for seismic analysis and design of buildings in the Sultanate of Oman. Prior to its development, specifications of Uniform Building Code 1997 (UBC) and International Building Code 2006 (IBC) were used. This study compares base shear, lateral force distribution, and effective storey drift obtained from the three seismic codes using equivalent static load and response spectrum analysis methods. Reinforced concrete buildings with 25m x 40m plan having columns at 5m spacing are used; 3-, 6-, 13- and 19- storeys are considered having height of 10m, 19m, 40m and 58m, respectively. The buildings were considered as having normal occupancy condition, resting on very dense soil (type-C). The study considered low and normal ductility classes defined by the OSC and compared Zone-1 of OSC with Zone-1 of UBC and IBC. OSC provided slightly higher values (20% - 35% higher) of base shear than IBC and UBC for the low ductility class. For the normal ductility class, it provided marginally lower (9% - 12% lower) values for 6-, 13- and 19-storey buildings while a higher value for the 3-storey building. The storey shear force and storey drift from the OSC also compared well with the international counterparts. Muscat that is Zone-1 of OSC is equivalent to Zone-1 of UBC and IBC.

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30

Gawai, Diksha. "Review Paper on Effect of Wind on Building Resting on Sloping Ground and Analysis Using Etabs." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 922–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.39932.

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Abstract: Wind has paramount importance in the field of civil engineering. Due to urbanization and increasing population density high rise building are coming up in large number. Therefore building frame resting on sloping ground and its analysis and design becomes essential so that the structure becomes more durable and serviceable. It is possible by various special programs and software. Software helps to design light weighted structure with good service life. This project studies the effect of wind velocity and structural response of building frame on sloping ground. For that three different building heights (G+8, G+10 and G+12) are considered. Ground slope (0°, 5°, 10° and 15° ) and wind zones (33, 39, 44, 47 and 55 m/s)has been considered. Comparative study of various parameters such as shear force, bending moment drift with the help of ETABS software gives appropriate result. Keyword: sloping ground, shear force, bending moment, wind zone, ETABS

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Wankhade, L. R., and Prerana R. Telang. "Effect of Soil Structure Interaction in Seismic Response of Building resting on Elevated surface." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 41, no. 4 (November 25, 2016): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v41p236.

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32

Khan, Rizwan, and Dr Samyak Parekar. "Effect of Wind on Building Frame Resting on Sloping Ground and Analysis using ETABS." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 1229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.51523.

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Abstract: Today, the primary responsibility of a structural or civil engineer is structural design. As of right now, a variety of factors are taken into account while constructing a structure, and these factors have an impact on the longevity, quality, and functionality of the building. In the modern world, structures are designed using software. Staad pro and Etabs are two examples of modern software that is utilized on a daily basis. So, in this project, we'll plan, design, and use Etabs to analyze a residential G+8 building. The major consideration of this project is depending on the wind criteria on the sloping ground there were three structures we have considered, and all these three structures is resting on 4 slopes. The four slopes which we are considered are 0, 5, 10, 15 degrees respectively. And we are going to analyze the structure that which structure is going to give us the best possible result

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33

Yu, Lin, Dingli Zhang, Qian Fang, Yujie Li, Gang Wang, and Liqiang Cao. "Analytical Prediction of Strip Foundation Building Response to Shallow Tunneling Considering the Tunneling Process." Applied Sciences 12, no. 9 (May 6, 2022): 4656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094656.

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This paper presents an analytical method to predict the response of a strip foundation building to shallow tunneling based on the two-stage method. The existing building is simplified as a Euler–Bernoulli beam resting on the Pasternak model. The tunneling process and different relative positions between the tunnel and the existing building can be considered in the proposed method. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified through comparisons with results from the finite element and finite difference methods. The results indicate that the differential settlement of the building reaches a maximum and the rotation angles are symmetric with respect to the building centerline when the tunnel face arrives at the middle of the building. The maximum bending moments occur at the middle of the building, while the maximum shear forces occur at about one-fifth and four-fifths of the building length when the tunnel face is located at the two ends of the building. According to the parametric analysis, the alignment angle, elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the soil, bending stiffness, and gap parameter greatly affect the building response.

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CLOUTEAU, DIDIER, and DENIS AUBRY. "MODIFICATIONS OF THE GROUND MOTION IN DENSE URBAN AREAS." Journal of Computational Acoustics 09, no. 04 (December 2001): 1659–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218396x01001509.

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The main motivation of this work is to analyze whether or not the presence of buildings is able to modify the seismic field significantly. We first present a numerical method able to account for a three-dimensional building distribution resting on a layered elastic-half-space. The proposed method is based on a variational coupling between Boundary Elements and modal representation for the buildings. Provided with the hypothesis of a stochastic homogeneous distribution of these buildings or a deterministic periodic one, a realistic model of an entire city may be accounted for. This method is applied to practical situations and it is shown that modifications of the incident field occur mainly for soft layered soils. However from an engineering point of view, it appears that the amplification levels are not significantly modified even in these extreme cases. Nevertheless, a strong scattering of the response inside the city depends on the nearby buildings can be observed.

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35

WAGEMAKERS, ALEXANDRE, MIGUEL A. F. SANJUÁN, JOSÉ M. CASADO, and KAZUYUKI AIHARA. "BUILDING ELECTRONIC BURSTERS WITH THE MORRIS–LECAR NEURON MODEL." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 16, no. 12 (December 2006): 3617–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127406017014.

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We propose a method for the design of electronic bursting neurons, based on a simple conductance neuron model. A burster is a particular class of neuron that displays fast spiking regimes alternating with resting periods. Our method is based on the use of an electronic circuit that implements the well-known Morris–Lecar neuron model. We use this circuit as a tool of analysis to explore some regions of the parameter space and to contruct several bifurcation diagrams displaying the basic dynamical features of that system. These bifurcation diagrams provide the initial point for the design and implementation of electronic bursting neurons. By extending the phase space with the introduction of a slow driving current, our method allows to exploit the bistabilities which are present in the Morris–Lecar system to the building of different bursting models.

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36

Mansoori, Sheikh Mohammad Hasan. "Comparative Study of Braced RC Building Resting on various Angle of Sloping to Horizontal Ground." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 8, no. 8 (August 31, 2020): 1452–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2020.31152.

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37

Soomro, Mukhtiar Ali, Naeem Mangi, Wen-Chieh Cheng, and Dildar Ali Mangnejo. "The Effects of Multipropped Deep Excavation-Induced Ground Movements on Adjacent High-Rise Building Founded on Piled Raft in Sand." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (October 14, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8897507.

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In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical parametric study was conducted to predict the deformation mechanism of a 20-storey building sitting on a (4 × 4) piled raft to an adjacent 25 m deep basement excavation. The influences of different excavation depths were investigated. An advanced hypoplastic sand model (which is capable of taking small-strain stiffness into account) was adopted to capture soil behaviour. The computed results revealed that excavation adjacent to a building resting on the piled raft caused significant settlement, differential settlement, lateral deflection, and interstorey drift in the building. With settlement due to working load (i.e., 4.8dp%), the total settlements of the building (7.8dp%) exceed the maximum allowable foundation settlement (i.e., 50 mm). In addition, substantial bending moment, shear forces, and changes in axial load distribution along pile length were induced. The findings from this study revealed that the building and pile responses are significantly influenced by the excavation depth.

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38

Fajar, Fajar, Ilham Ilham, and Nahdatunnisa Nahdatunnisa. "Penerapan Arsitektur Tropis pada Rest Area di Katoi Kabupaten Kolaka Utara." Jurnal PROYEKSI: Arsitektur dan Perencanaan 1, no. 1 (September 19, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.51454/proyeksi.v1i1.170.

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Rest area in Katoi North Kolaka Regency is a stopover / resting place. Designing a rest area that can adequate the needs of road users who travel far, with the aim as a means of accommodation that can meet the needs. When resting and can be a means of recreation for rest areausers. The approach method used in this research is a descriptive analysis method, namely by collecting, describing, compiling and analyzing data so that a planning and design program approach is obtained for further use in the preparation of space programs and the basic concepts of planning and design. Discussion produces a concept of design reference, namely macro concept, and micro concept. Macro concepts discuss references in determining location, managing site / site, circulation, basic shape and appearance of buildings, and the arrangement of outdoor spaces. While the micro concept discusses the reference on the needs that can support functions in the building, including facilities and infrastructure in the rest areabuilding. With the planning and design of rest areas, it is expected to be an adequate facility for Trans Sulawesi road as a means of accommodation for road users, so as to reduce the accident rate. The application of tropical architectural themes in rest areas is expected to overcome the problems posed by the climate. Tropical architecture can provide solutions to buildings through natural lighting and natural conditioning, so that comfort can be felt for its users.

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39

Albusoda, Bushra S., and Lubna A. Kh Salem. "BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOOTINGS RESTING ON DUNE SAND." Journal of Engineering 18, no. 03 (July 21, 2023): 298–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2012.03.02.

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As a result of the growth of economic, demographic and building activities in Iraq, that necessitates carrying out geotechnical investigations for the dune sand to study behavior of footings resting on these soils. To determine these properties and to assess the suitability of these materials for resting shallow foundation on it, an extensive laboratory testing program was carried out. Chemical tests were carried out to evaluate any possible effects of the mineralogical composition of the soil on behavior of foundation rested on dune sands.Collapse tests were also conducted to trace any collapse potential. Loading tests were carried out for optimum water content and different shapes of footing. Loading test recommends manufacturing of steel box and footing models with different shapes and dimensions. The results indicated that, Affek dune sand is predominantly fine sand with non-plastic fines.Because the content of sulphate (as SO3) is only 0.05%, and the alkalinity of dune sand, which reduces the corrosion potential, ordinary Portland cement can be used in concrete foundation construction in/on dune sands. The results of collapsing tests showed that Affek dune sand exhibit a slight to moderate potential depending on stress level. Due to Soaking by water, the reduction in bearing capacity of optimum state was about 45%. The bearing capacity of square footing was greater than those of the circular and rectangular footings.

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40

Tham, Duong Hong. "Studying the damping characteristics of the system of building and infrastructure considering the Soil-Structure Interaction." HO CHI MINH CITY OPEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE - ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 12, no. 2 (November 4, 2022): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.46223/hcmcoujs.tech.en.12.2.2480.2022.

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This paper studies the damping characteristics of the soil foundation under a building concerning the Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI). By considering a multi-story building resting on a piled raft foundation as a typical SSI system, subjected to an earthquake (i.e., Chi Chi earthquake, Taiwan 1999), the time-dependent responses of specified locations in the foundation are recorded and analyzed, both in-time domain and frequency domain. Referring to prior knowledge about system identification and damping, this study suggests an overwhelming approach to determining the damping ratio for analyzing more thoroughly a system of SSI systems. Results are a general procedure to establish the damping matrix, namely the Caughey damping matrix which takes several frequencies into account. A different viewpoint that the connection of superstructure and infrastructure in series could help to estimate the damping, and contribute to a wide range of system identification. All these procedures are used to predict more properly the damping characteristics of a system of structures. Suggestions over the findings would be expected to contribute a more rigorous component to the analysis of high-rise buildings in the future.

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41

Gronostajska, Barbara Ewa, Romuald Tarczewski, and Joanna Jablonska. "Architecture, City, People, and Structure." Buildings 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12030277.

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42

Thakur, Amit, Deepankar Kumar Ashish, and Surender Kumar Verma. "Influence of rooftop telecommunication tower on set back-step back building resting on different ground slopes." Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 18, no. 2 (April 2019): 351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11803-019-0508-7.

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43

El Kamash, W. "The positioning and thickness effect for soft clay layer on 3D-building resting on piled raft." Ain Shams Engineering Journal 3, no. 1 (March 2012): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2011.12.005.

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44

Yaman, Muammer. "Effect of Exit Door Width on Flow Rate in Occupant-based Fire Evacuation Scenarios in Dormitories." Journal of Art, Architecture and Built Environment 4, no. 2 (December 14, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jaabe.42.01.

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Student dormitories are intensely used buildings that meet the resting, accommodation and living needs of students. It is necessary to ensure the safety of students and to eliminate possible risks in dormitories as intensive use areas. Fires pose a great risk in dormitories and may cause serious casualties and injuries. The reduction of casualties and injuries can be achieved by analyzing occupant behaviour during fires according to the building use scenarios. In this paper, a type of dormitory that provides two alternative exits is explored. The building use scenarios of the dormitory were investigated by making on-site observations. Students’ use of sleeping units, dining units and partial sleeping/dining units and fire exit routes were determined. Pathfinder computer program was used to analyze the fire evacuation performance. This program was defined in accordance with occupant behaviour and different fire evacuation times were suggested depending on the building use scenarios. At the end of the study, based on the evacuation times, the flow rate at the exit doors according to the location of the occupants was analyzed. In the fire escape routes, as the upper floors are reached from the lower floors, the occupant flow rate decreases at the exit doors and the flow rates continue to be stable as the number of occupants is saturated according to the door width. The decrease in the number of occupants in the dining unit decreases the flow rate at the exit doors. It is important that various assembly units in dormitories, such as the dining unit, are designed on floors that can directly provide evacuation to a safe area. The results obtained are suitable for all dormitories, residences, hotels and other similar buildings. Keywords: building use scenario, dormitory, evacuation, flow rate, exit widths

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45

Melerski, Edmund. "Thin Shell Foundation Resting on Stochastic Soil." Journal of Structural Engineering 114, no. 12 (December 1988): 2692–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1988)114:12(2692).

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46

Gnananandarao, Tammineni, Vishwas Nandkishor Khatri, and Rakesh Kumar Dutta. "Bearing capacity and settlement prediction of multi-edge skirted footings resting on sand." Ingeniería e Investigación 40, no. 3 (September 23, 2020): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v40n3.83170.

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This paper presents the application of artificial neural networks (ANN) and multivariable regression analysis (MRA) to predict the bearing capacity and the settlement of multi-edge skirted footings on sand. Respectively, these parameters are defined in terms of the bearing capacity ratio (BCR) of skirted to unskirted footing and the settlement reduction factor (SRF), the ratio of the difference in settlement of unskirted and skirted footing to the settlement of unskirted footing at a given pressure. The model equations for the prediction of the BCR and the SRF of the regular shaped footing were first developed using the available data collected from the literature. These equations were later modified to predict the BCR and the SRF of the multi-edge skirted footing, for which the data were generated by conducting a small scale laboratory test. The input parameters chosen to develop ANN models were the angle of internal friction (ϕ) and skirt depth (Ds) to the width of the footing (B) ratio for the prediction of the BCR; as for the SRF one additional input parameter was considered: normal stress (𝛔). The architecture for the developed ANN models was 2-2-1 and 3-2-1 for the BCR and the SRF, respectively. The R2 for the multi-edge skirted footings was in the range of 0,940-0,977 for the ANN model and 0,827-0,934 for the regression analysis. Similarly, the R2 for the SRF prediction might have been 0,913-0,985 for the ANN model and 0,739-0,932 for the regression analysis. It was revealed that the predicted BCR and SRF for the multi-edge skirted footings with the use of ANN is superior to MRA. Furthermore, the results of the sensitivity analysis indicate that both the BCR and the SRF of the multi-edge skirted footings are mostly affected by skirt depth, followed by the friction angle of the sand.

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47

Noviandri, Patricia Pahlevi, and Ferdy Sabono. "KAJIAN PERUBAHAN RUANG DAN SOUNDMARK KAWASAN WISATA PUSAKA TAMANSARI YOGYAKARTA." ATRIUM Jurnal Arsitektur 4, no. 1 (June 6, 2020): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21460/atrium.v4i1.27.

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Title: Study of Space Changing and Soundmark in Tamansari Heritage Tourism Area, Yogyakarta Tamansari area is an area of historical value. Until now, this region has been conserved and used as a heritage tourism. The Tamansari site, which has not been used anymore since the reign of Sultan Hamengkubuwono III, has caused the growth of residential areas around it. This causes a change in the solid void of the Tamansari area. Changes in the existing building structure create differences in the soundscape of the area that was once the location of the palace retreat and is now a heritage tourism area. In this study will discuss the changes that occur in the mass management of buildings in the Tamansari area that will affect the environmental acoustics of the area. This research method uses qualitative deductive method by comparing the shape of the space during the active period of the building as the resting of the Keraton family with the current building mass discussed with the theory of space and acoustic environment. The results of this study are changes in ground figures and linkages showing changes in the soundmark of the Tamansari area. Changing ground figures make the impact of increasingly diverse activities appear. Soundmark changed from the dominant calm voice to the nois dominant. The soundmark area changes from sounds that support a sacred atmosphere with sounds that are due to building density. This change in soundmark creates a change of sense of place from the Tamansari area.

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Beegam, Thaiba T., and Tissa Sebastian. "Free Vibration Analysis of Building Considering Soil Structure Interaction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 857 (November 2016): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.857.125.

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Modeling and design of foundation are always done without considering the effect of stiffness of the soil. In the conventional non-interaction analysis of building frame settlements are calculated without considering the influence of the structural stiffness. Therefore a modeling and interaction analysis of soil structure interaction will help to find soil stiffness and effects of soil structure interaction on structure. In this paper, soil structure interaction analysis of a symmetric space frame of 2 bays in both x and y direction are assessed with SAP 2000 software. The frame is modeled with different storey resting on raft foundation with fixed base and flexible base. Three types of soil, i.e. hard, medium, and soft soil are used for Soil Structure Interaction (SSI) study. MODAL analysis is carried out to illustrate the effects of soil-raft-structure interaction on the response of structures. The Soil is considered as Winkler model and elastic continuum model. The developed methodology is validated with results available in the literature. The effects of SSI on frequency of modal are studied. The comparison is carried out the frame with different base conditions.The frequency of the building was found to be decreased when SSI was considered.

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49

M, Ananthan, and Aswathy Sasikumar. "Settlement of Square Footing Resting on Geogrid Reinforced Sand and Bottom Ash." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 1473–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.51777.

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Abstract: The concept of soil reinforcement is commonly used in geotechnical engineering. In the past, metallic grid reinforcements were employed to reinforce geotechnical constructions with the concept, but more recently, synthetic reinforcements have been used. Researchers regularly used reinforced sand as a foundation material. However, with the proper reinforcement, other industrial waste products including fly ash, bottom ash, and red mud can also be used as a foundation material because they have a non-plastic nature similar to that of sand. Ash from power plants is considered waste. Geosynthetic reinforced bottom ash is an effective composite material that can be used as a building material for numerous geotechnical engineering applications. Geogrid placed at D/B = 0.5 is found to be more effective than geogrid placed at D/B = 1 and D/B = 1.5. Bottom ash shows less settlement when compared to sand in both reinforced and unreinforced case

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50

Zeybek, Özer, Cem Topkaya, and J. Michael Rotter. "Analysis of silo supporting ring beams resting on discrete supports." Thin-Walled Structures 135 (February 2019): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2018.11.001.

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