Статті в журналах: "Building exergy assessment"

1

Nwodo, Martin, and Chimay J. Anumba. "Exergy-Based Life Cycle Assessment of Buildings: Case Studies." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 22, 2021): 11682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111682.

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The relevance of exergy to the life cycle assessment (LCA) of buildings has been studied regarding its potential to solve certain challenges in LCA, such as the characterization and valuation, accuracy of resource use, and interpretation and comparison of results. However, this potential has not been properly investigated using case studies. This study develops an exergy-based LCA method and applies it to three case-study buildings to explore its benefits. The results provide evidence that the theoretical benefits of exergy-based LCA as against a conventional LCA can be achieved. These include characterization and valuation benefits, accuracy, and enabling the comparison of environmental impacts. With the results of the exergy-based LCA method in standard metrics, there is now a mechanism for the competitive benchmarking of building sustainability assessments. It is concluded that the exergy-based life cycle assessment method has the potential to solve the characterization and valuation problems in the conventional life-cycle assessment of buildings, with local and global significance.

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2

Gojak, Milan, and Tamara Bajc. "Thermodynamic sustainability assessment for heating of residential building." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 04028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911104028.

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More than one third of the world’s primary energy demand refers to residential sector. Heating is considered as one of the main part of the energy consumption in buildings. In this study, a thermodynamic sustainability assessment analysis of different energy sources for heating of residential building, with net floor heated area of 162 m2, for Belgrade weather data, was presented. Five options of energy sources were studied, namely: coal, natural gas, electricity, district heating and air-water heat pump. Energy and exergy analyses were conducted and appropriate efficiencies were determined. Energy and exergy flows in boundaries of the building and in the whole chain from primary to final values were analyzed. The environmental impact factor and exergetic sustainability index were determined for all considered energy sources. The exergy efficiency is very low in all analyzed cases, which further implies poor thermodynamic compatibility of energy quality from the supplied side and the energy used for building heating. It was shown that the highest exergy efficiency is for the case of heat pump utilization (about 6%), due to the energy used from environment. The minimum environmental impact factor (15.37) and maximum exergetic sustainability index (0.065) were found for the case of heat pump utilization.

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3

Zekas, Vygantas, and Vytautas Martinaitis. "Assessment of Exergy for Renewable Energy Disposable in the Site of Building." Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Environmental and Climate Technologies 6, no. -1 (January 1, 2011): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10145-011-0021-3.

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Assessment of Exergy for Renewable Energy Disposable in the Site of Building Future energy challenges to construct near zero energy buildings and to have a centralized network together with integrated distributed generation from local disposable renewable energy (LdRe) raises new goals of a complex approach to energy supply. In the context of the current scientific sector, a single comprehensive approach to the general LdRe is missing. Following the typical way, all buildings are planned or designed in light of the energy needs of the intended activities in the buildings and only after the determination of these activities are the points and forms of energy supply planned. This article presents another approach in the planning process - a building and its energy needs planning taking into account the LdRe. It also provides the universal system describing the quantity and quality of LdRe. This research includes LdRe flows' assessment, with the building, as LdRe energy user flows linking to the user only as a potential user of this energy. The exergy analysis method is used to determine the LdRe indicator. Actually determined main renewable energy (RE) flow' (solar, wind, soil and air) values are used for the calculations. Standard 1 ha land plot area and set volumes above the land surface and beneath it are analyzed. After determination of disposable RE flows exergy quantity of the exergy change in the period of half year, one typical month and day is depicted.

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4

Araz, Mustafa, Emrah Biyikt, and Arif Hepbasli. "A Long-term Period Performance Assessment of a Building Integrated Photovoltaic System." E3S Web of Conferences 122 (2019): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912202007.

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Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) systems can be defined as PV modules, which can be integrated in building's envelope by replacing conventional building materials such as windows, tiles etc. and have an impact on the functionality of the buildings. Considering the huge share (40%) of buildings in total energy consumption and nearly zero-energy building target of the European Union (EU), BIPV systems present a sustainable solution and have gained increased interest in last years. In this study, the performance of a BIPV system, which was installed on Feb. 8, 2016 on the façade of a campus building at Yasar University, İzmir, Turkey within the framework a EU/FP7 project and has a capacity of 7.44 kWp, is evaluated for a three-year period using first and second laws of thermodynamics. Within this context, real (experimental) monthly and yearly electricity productions are determined and compared with the results obtained from the simulations. Energy and exergy efficiencies and performance ratios of the system are also calculated based on the cell and total areas.

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5

Schlueter, Arno, and Frank Thesseling. "Building information model based energy/exergy performance assessment in early design stages." Automation in Construction 18, no. 2 (March 2009): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2008.07.003.

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6

Rocco, M. V., E. Colombo, and E. Sciubba. "Advances in exergy analysis: a novel assessment of the Extended Exergy Accounting method." Applied Energy 113 (January 2014): 1405–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.08.080.

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7

Liu, Meng, Baizhan Li, and Runming Yao. "A generic model of Exergy Assessment for the Environmental Impact of Building Lifecycle." Energy and Buildings 42, no. 9 (September 2010): 1482–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.03.018.

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8

Gonçalves, Pedro, Adélio Rodrigues Gaspar, and Manuel Gameiro da Silva. "Energy and exergy-based indicators for the energy performance assessment of a hotel building." Energy and Buildings 52 (September 2012): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.06.011.

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9

Tara Chand, Vadlamudi, Kommineni Ravindra, and Katuru Bala Prasad. "Exergy assessment of air film blade cooled combined power cycle plant." International Journal of Ambient Energy 41, no. 9 (July 30, 2018): 994–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2018.1501740.

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10

Huang, Youwang, Haiyong Wang, Xinghua Zhang, Qi Zhang, Chenguang Wang, and Longlong Ma. "Accurate prediction of chemical exergy of technical lignins for exergy-based assessment on sustainable utilization processes." Energy 243 (March 2022): 123041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.123041.

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11

Uçal, Esmanur, Hasan Yildizhan, Arman Ameen, and Zafer Erbay. "Assessment of Whole Milk Powder Production by a Cumulative Exergy Consumption Approach." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 14, 2023): 3475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043475.

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The production of food is a sector that consumes a significant amount of energy and encompasses both agricultural and industrial processes. In this study, the energy consumption of whole milk powder production, which is known to be particularly energy-intensive, was examined. The study used a cumulative exergy consumption approach to evaluate the overall production process of whole milk powder, including the dairy farm (raw milk production) and dairy factory (powder production) stages. The results showed that raw milk production dominated energy and exergy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. An amount of 68.3% of the total net cumulative exergy consumption in the system was calculated for raw milk production. In the dairy factory process, the highest energy/exergy consumption occurred during spray drying, followed by evaporation and pasteurization. In these three processes, 98.3% of the total energy consumption, 94.6% of the total exergy consumption, and 95.7% of the total carbon dioxide emissions in powder production were realized. To investigate the improvement potentials in the system, replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources and using pasture feeding in animal husbandry were evaluated. While using alternative energy sources highly influenced powder production, pasture feeding had a high impact on consumption in raw milk production. By using renewable energy and pasture feeding, the exergy efficiency, cumulative degree of perfection, renewability index, and exergetic sustainability index values for the overall process increased from 40.5%, 0.282, −0.22, and 0.68 to 68.9%, 0.433, 0.65, and 2.21, respectively.

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12

Abbasi, Yasser, Ehsan Baniasadi, and Hossein Ahmadikia. "Performance Assessment of a Hybrid Solar-Geothermal Air Conditioning System for Residential Application: Energy, Exergy, and Sustainability Analysis." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5710560.

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This paper investigates the performance of a ground source heat pump that is coupled with a photovoltaic system to provide cooling and heating demands of a zero-energy residential building. Exergy and sustainability analyses have been conducted to evaluate the exergy destruction rate and SI of different compartments of the hybrid system. The effects of monthly thermal load variations on the performance of the hybrid system are investigated. The hybrid system consists of a vertical ground source heat exchanger, rooftop photovoltaic panels, and a heat pump cycle. Exergetic efficiency of the solar-geothermal heat pump system does not exceed 10 percent, and most exergy destruction takes place in photovoltaic panel, condenser, and evaporator. Although SI of PV system remains constant during a year, SI of GSHP varies depending on cooling and heating mode. The results also show that utilization of this hybrid system can reduce CO2emissions by almost 70 tons per year.

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13

Belman-Flores, J. M., J. M. Barroso-Maldonado, Sergio Ledesma, V. Pérez-García, A. Gallegos-Muñoz, and J. A. Alfaro-Ayala. "Exergy assessment of a refrigeration plant using computational intelligence based on hybrid learning methods." International Journal of Refrigeration 88 (April 2018): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2018.01.004.

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14

Koroneos, C., and M. Tsarouhis. "Exergy analysis and life cycle assessment of solar heating and cooling systems in the building environment." Journal of Cleaner Production 32 (September 2012): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.03.012.

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15

Ferrara, Maria, James Coleman, and Forrest Meggers. "Exploring potentialities of energy-connected buildings: performance assessment of an innovative low-exergy design concept for a building heating supply system." Energy Procedia 122 (September 2017): 1075–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.07.444.

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16

Martínez-Gracia, Amaya, Sergio Usón, Mª Teresa Pintanel, Javier Uche, Ángel A. Bayod-Rújula, and Alejandro Del Amo. "Exergy Assessment and Thermo-Economic Analysis of Hybrid Solar Systems with Seasonal Storage and Heat Pump Coupling in the Social Housing Sector in Zaragoza." Energies 14, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051279.

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A real case study of an energy system based on a Solar Assisted Heat Pump (SAHP) fed by hybrid photovoltaic-thermal solar panels (PVT) and seasonal storage (SS) is presented in this paper. Exergy and exergy cost analyses are proposed as complementary methods for the assessment and better understanding of the efficiency of this cogeneration solar configuration. The system performance takes advantage of storage heat in summer, when the solar resource is high in Spain, and is then later consumed during the cold winter (heating season). The building is devoted to social housing, and it is currently under construction. The assessment is based on simulations developed using TRNSYS, a dynamic simulation software for energy systems. Results show that the unit exergy cost of the solar field is around 6. The cost of the seasonal storage is higher, about 13, and its formation is affected both by its own irreversibility and by the irreversibility of the PVT solar field. The cost of the heat delivered by the heat pump is around 15, being affected by all the upstream units and even by the grid. Besides, the analysis points out strategies for improving the system efficiency, such as increasing the size of the storage tank or improving the control strategy of the boiler.

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17

Hu, Jianke, Kai Teng, Yida Qiu, Yuzhu Chen, Jun Wang, and Peter Lund. "Thermodynamic and Economic Performance Assessment of Double-Effect Absorption Chiller Systems with Series and Parallel Connections." Energies 15, no. 23 (December 1, 2022): 9105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15239105.

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Absorption cooling technologies converting excess heat and renewable heat resources to cooling energy have shown progress in recent years. In this study, two 400 kW LiBr solution absorption chiller types with series and parallel connected are analyzed over a range of parameter values to better understand their applicability for different uses. Thermodynamic models for the components were constructed and validated. The performance of the chillers related to heat transfer, energy, exergy, and economy performance was comprehensively analyzed. The operating performance was investigated by considering the external variables, including inlet cooling water, chilled water, and inlet steam temperatures and the solution allocation ratio. The results indicate that the parallel connected chiller reaches higher energy and exergy performance than the series-connected chiller, but the heat transfer and economic performance was lower. The coefficient of performance and the exergy efficiency of the parallel chiller were for the reference system 1.30 and 24.42%, respectively. Except for the exergy efficiency, the inlet steam and inlet chilled water temperature had positive impact on the heat transfer, energy, and economic performance, while the inlet cooling water temperature trends the opposite. The sensitivity analysis on solution allocation ratio showed that a higher ratio decreases the heat transfer and economic performance, but considering the energy and exergy performance, a suitable allocation ratio would be 0.54.

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18

Lake, Andrew, and Behanz Rezaie. "Energy and exergy efficiencies assessment for a stratified cold thermal energy storage." Applied Energy 220 (June 2018): 605–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.03.145.

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19

Dombayci, Altan, Eylem Ulu, Sengul Guven, Oner Atalay, and Harun Ozturk. "Determination of optimum insulation thickness for building external walls with different insulation materials using environmental impact assessment." Thermal Science 24, no. 1 Part A (2020): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180903010d.

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The aim of this study is to determine the optimum heat insulation thickness for the glasswool and rockwool insulation material. Since natural gas is mostly used for heating in Turkey, it has been selected as fuel for the calculation. In order to calculate the optimum thickness of the insulation, the number of the degree-day and total environmental factor have been used. For the optimum insulation thickness, the decrease in exergy loss, CO2 emission and the fuel consumption were 75%, 73%, and 71% for the glasswool, respectively. On the other hand, for the rockwool, they were 35%, 18%, and 43%, respectively. Optimum thickness was calculated as 0.40 m for glasswool, and 0.18 for the rockwool.

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20

Poredoš, Primož, Boris Vidrih, and Alojz Poredoš. "Performance and Exergy Analyses of a Solar Assisted Heat Pump with Seasonal Heat Storage and Grey Water Heat Recovery Unit." Entropy 23, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23010047.

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The main research objective of this paper was to compare exergy performance of three different heat pump (HP)-based systems and one natural gas (NG)-based system for the production of heating and cooling energy in a single-house dwelling. The study considered systems based on: 1. A NG and auxiliary cooling unit; 2. Solely HP, 3. HP with additional seasonal heat storage (SHS) and a solar thermal collector (STC); 4. HP with SHS, a STC and a grey water (GW) recovery unit. The assessment of exergy efficiencies for each case was based on the transient systems simulation program TRNSYS, which was used for the simulation of energy use for space heating and cooling of the building, sanitary hot water production, and the thermal response of the seasonal heat storage and solar thermal system. The results show that an enormous waste of exergy is observed by the system based on an NG boiler (with annual overall exergy efficiency of 0.11) in comparison to the most efficient systems, based on HP water–water with a seasonal heat storage and solar thermal collector with the efficiency of 0.47. The same system with an added GW unit exhibits lower water temperatures, resulting in the exergy efficiency of 0.43. The other three systems, based on air–, water–, and ground–water HPs, show significantly lower annual source water temperatures (10.9, 11.0, 11.0, respectively) compared to systems with SHS and SHS + GW, with temperatures of 28.8 and 19.3 K, respectively.

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21

Zeitoun, Wael, Jian Lin, and Monica Siroux. "Energetic and Exergetic Analyses of an Experimental Earth–Air Heat Exchanger in the Northeast of France." Energies 16, no. 3 (February 3, 2023): 1542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031542.

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Earth–air heat exchanger (EAHE) systems are used to pre-heat or pre-cool air before entering into a building using shallow geothermal energy. Assessment of EAHE systems is important to quantify the profitability of these systems. For this purpose, an EAHE system built at ICUBE at the University of Strasbourg in the northeast of France was studied using energy and exergy analyses for a typical heating period (between 25 February and 3 March). Energy analysis was used to determine the heat gained by the air in the system during the studied period and to determine the Coefficient Of Performance (COP) of the system. Additionally, exergy analysis, which considered temperature, pressure, humidity, and the variation in the control volume boundary temperature, was realized to determine inefficiencies in the system by determining the exergy destroyed in each component of the system and evaluating its exergetic efficiency. Results showed that the heat energy gained using the system was around 63 kWh and that the exergetic efficiency of the system was about 57% on average. The comparison of exergetic efficiency between the EAHE components showed that the fan has the lowest performance and should be improved to achieve better overall performance.

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22

Ekoe A Akata, Aloys Martial, Donatien Njomo, Basant Agrawal, Auguste Mackpayen, and Abdel-Hamid Mahamat Ali. "Tilt Angle and Orientation Assessment of Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) System for Sub-Saharan Tropical Regions: Case Study Douala, Cameroon." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 23, 2022): 15591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315591.

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Photovoltaic systems when integrated into a building structure can satisfy the world’s energy requirements at a competitive cost by providing onsite electrical and thermal energies for domestic appliances. The energy yield of the photovoltaic system is affected by the intensity of the solar radiation, wind speed, tilt angle, orientation, geographical location, etc. This paper presents an optimisation model of the tilt angle and orientation of a photovoltaic thermal system. A methodology has been developed to optimize the tilted angle of the roof for higher exergy output taking into account the intensity of solar radiation, wind speed, geographical location, cost of cleaning dust, etc. For a system installed in the city of Douala, Cameroon, it is recommended that the PV should be inclined at an angle between 10° and 20° south-facing for economical output. The cost per unit of electricity between the tilt inclination angles from 0° to 20° with south orientation is USD 0.04 per kWh. The cost of electricity loss due to a 20° tilt inclination angle can be compensated with the labour cost and work required for cleaning the photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system of the horizontal roof. The system installed over an effective area of 8 m2 is capable of producing annual net exergy of 2195.81 kWh/year at an efficiency of 11.8%.

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23

Prakash, K. B., Manoj Kumar Pasupathi, Subramaniyan Chinnasamy, S. Saravanakumar, Murugesan Palaniappan, Abdulaziz Alasiri, and M. Chandrasekaran. "Energy and Exergy Enhancement Study on PV Systems with Phase Change Material." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 16, 2023): 3627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043627.

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A solar photovoltaic (PV) system produces electrical energy from solar energy. This green, sustainable system has low energy conversion efficiency due to the rise in PV temperature throughout the day. In order to keep the temperature of the panels close to ambient, this study examines the usage of hydrated salt (HS36) as a Phase Change Material (PCM) for PV cooling. The primary goal of this experimental study is to cool the PV panel by introducing PCM behind the PV system (PV-PCM), thus increasing its performance. An energy and exergy performance assessment was carried out on PV and PV-PCM systems. The result indicates that placing a PCM over the back of the solar panel’s back reduced the operational temperature by 25.4% and increased the panel’s electrical efficiency by 17.5%. PV-PCM systems’ maximum exergy efficiency increased by 12.57%, and their exergy destruction ratio decreased by 12.49%. The proposed PV-PCM system with HS36 PCM increased the PV panel performance and can be deployed in the PV system.

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24

Thu, Kyaw, Kosei Takezato, Nobuo Takata, Takahiko Miyazaki, and Yukihiro Higashi. "Drop-in experiments and exergy assessment of HFC-32/HFO-1234yf/R744 mixture with GWP below 150 for domestic heat pumps." International Journal of Refrigeration 121 (January 2021): 289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2020.10.009.

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25

Yuan, Benfeng, Yu Zhang, Wenli Du, Meihong Wang, and Feng Qian. "Assessment of energy saving potential of an industrial ethylene cracking furnace using advanced exergy analysis." Applied Energy 254 (November 2019): 113583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113583.

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26

Hoang, Viet Van, Hiep Chi Le, and Bao The Nguyen. "Energy, Exergy Efficiency and Thermal-Electrical Production Assessment for an Active Water Heating System Using Four PV/T Module Models." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 9634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249634.

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In order to objectively reflect the energy utilization performance of an active water heating system (AWHS) using photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) modules, this study proposes a new evaluation method based on energy efficiency, exergy efficiency and thermal-electrical output of a system in year-round weather conditions. Four samples of PV/T modules were surveyed to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of the system, called MD1, MD2, MD3 and MD4, respectively. The simulation program was developed to suit four types of PV/T modules and MATLAB was used as the programming language. The water flow through the four PV/T module samples and the hot water tank volume were investigated for the highest exergy efficiency of the system. The final results illustrate that in the weather conditions of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, the system has the highest energy efficiency, exergy efficiency and thermal output when using MD1 with 57.85%, 15.67% and 2.93 kWh/m2/day, respectively, while the system has highest electrical output when using MD3 with 0.8 kWh/m2/day. In addition, under stable conditions ignoring heat loss, MD1 has the highest thermal efficiency with 54.85% and MD3 type has the highest electrical efficiency with 13.67%.

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27

Sun, Jingchao, Hongming Na, Tianyi Yan, Ziyang Qiu, Yuxing Yuan, Jianfei He, Yingnan Li, Yisong Wang, and Tao Du. "A comprehensive assessment on material, exergy and emission networks for the integrated iron and steel industry." Energy 235 (November 2021): 121429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.121429.

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28

Bezaatpour, Javad, Hamed Ghiasirad, Mojtaba Bezaatpour, and Hadi Ghaebi. "Towards optimal design of photovoltaic/thermal facades: Module-based assessment of thermo-electrical performance, exergy efficiency and wind loads." Applied Energy 325 (November 2022): 119785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119785.

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29

Wang, Yiming, Gongnan Xie, Huaitao Zhu, and Han Yuan. "Assessment on energy and exergy of combined supercritical CO2 Brayton cycles with sizing printed-circuit-heat-exchangers." Energy 263 (January 2023): 125559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.125559.

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30

Pandey, A. K., Imtiaz Ali Laghari, R. Reji Kumar, Kapil Chopra, M. Samykano, Abdullah M. Abusorrah, Kamal Sharma, and V. V. Tyagi. "Energy, exergy, exergoeconomic and enviroeconomic (4-E) assessment of solar water heater with/without phase change material for building and other applications: A comprehensive review." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 45 (June 2021): 101139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2021.101139.

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31

Wu, Junnian, Guangying Pu, Yan Guo, Jingwen Lv, and Jiangwei Shang. "Retrospective and prospective assessment of exergy, life cycle carbon emissions, and water footprint for coking network evolution in China." Applied Energy 218 (May 2018): 479–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.03.003.

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Veyron, Mathilde, Antoine Voirand, Nicolas Mion, Charles Maragna, Daniel Mugnier, and Marc Clausse. "Dynamic exergy and economic assessment of the implementation of seasonal underground thermal energy storage in existing solar district heating." Energy 261 (December 2022): 124917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.124917.

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33

González-Delgado, Ángel Darío, Janet B. García-Martínez, and Andrés F. Barajas-Solano. "Inherent Safety Analysis and Sustainability Evaluation of a Vaccine Production Topology in North-East Colombia." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 12, 2022): 9985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14169985.

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Influenza is a respiratory disease that may cause severe consequences to human health. Influenza caused between 99,000 and 200,000 deaths worldwide in 2019. Studies have reported the presence of this virus in Santander, Colombia, a region with a high humanitarian flow. An influenza vaccine production plant topology has been proposed previously. Nevertheless, the inherent safety and sustainably behavior of this topology is unknown. Process safety plays a crucial role in the evaluation of emerging technologies since it allows the identification of potential risks. Moreover, the current sustainability policies enforce the assessment of processes considering economic, social, and environmental aspects. For this reason, a safety and sustainability evaluation of a vaccine production topology is performed in this work. The inherent safety index (ISI) methodology was implemented to analyze the process. The sustainability evaluation was performed using the sustainability weighted return on investment metric (SWROIM), in which return on investment (ROI), output potential environmental impact (PEI output), total safety inherent index (ITI), and exergy efficiency were considered. The results showed that influenza vaccine production is inherently safe since the total inherent safety index was 11. The destroyed exergy was 378.69 MJ/h, the return on investment was 86%, and the SWROIM was estimated at 81%, which means slightly negative impacts on sustainability.

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Greco, Gianluca, Christian Di Stasi, Filipe Rego, Belén González, and Joan J. Manyà. "Effects of slow-pyrolysis conditions on the products yields and properties and on exergy efficiency: A comprehensive assessment for wheat straw." Applied Energy 279 (December 2020): 115842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115842.

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Yousef, Mohamed S., Mohamed Sharaf, and A. S. Huzayyin. "Energy, exergy, economic, and enviroeconomic assessment of a photovoltaic module incorporated with a paraffin-metal foam composite: An experimental study." Energy 238 (January 2022): 121807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.121807.

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36

Iglesias-Émbil, Marta, Alejandro Abadías, Alicia Valero, Guiomar Calvo, Markus Andreas Reuter, and Abel Ortego. "Criticality and Recyclability Assessment of Car Parts—A Thermodynamic Simulation-Based Approach." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010091.

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Using a thermodynamic approach, this paper identifies the most critical parts of a car, considering their composition. A total of 11 car parts that contain valuable and scarce materials have been selected using thermodynamic rarity, an indicator that helps assess elements and minerals in exergy terms according to their relative scarcity in the crust and the energy required to extract and refine them. A recyclability analysis using a product-centric approach was then undertaken using dedicated software, HSC Chemistry. To that end, the dismantling of these car parts into three main fractions was performed. Each car part was divided into non-ferrous, steel, and aluminum flows. A general metallurgical process was developed and simulated for each flow, including all the required equipment to extract most of the minor but valuable metals. Of the 11 parts, only 7 have a recyclability potential higher than 85%. By treating these selected car parts appropriately, the raw materials recovered from the car can increase by 6%. The approach used in this paper can help provide guidelines to improve the eco-design of cars and can also be applied to other sectors. Ultimately, this paper uniquely introduces simulation-based thermodynamic rarity analysis for thermodynamic based product “design for recycling”.

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Prestipino, Mauro, Antonio Piccolo, Maria Francesca Polito, and Antonio Galvagno. "Combined Bio-Hydrogen, Heat, and Power Production Based on Residual Biomass Gasification: Energy, Exergy, and Renewability Assessment of an Alternative Process Configuration." Energies 15, no. 15 (July 29, 2022): 5524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155524.

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Bio-hydrogen from residual biomass may involve energy-intensive pre-treatments for drying and size management, as in the case of wet agro-industrial residues. This work assesses the performance of an alternative process layout for bio-hydrogen production from citrus peel gasification, with the aim of cogenerating heat and power along with hydrogen, using minimal external energy sources. The process consists of an air-steam fluidized bed reactor, a hydrogen separation unit, a hydrogen compression unit, and a combined heat and power unit fed by the off-gas of the separation unit. Process simulations were carried out to perform sensitivity analyses to understand the variation in bio-hydrogen production’s thermodynamic and environmental performance when the steam to biomass ratios (S/B) vary from 0 to 1.25 at 850 °C. In addition, energy and exergy efficiencies and the integrated renewability (IR) of bio-hydrogen production are evaluated. As main results, the analysis showed that the highest hydrogen yield is 40.1 kgH2 per mass of dry biomass at S/B = 1.25. Under these conditions, the exergy efficiency of the polygeneration system is 33%, the IR is 0.99, and the carbon footprint is −1.9 kgCO2-eq/kgH2. Negative carbon emissions and high values of the IR are observed due to the substitution of non-renewable resources operated by the cogenerated streams. The proposed system demonstrated for the first time the potential of bio-hydrogen production from citrus peel and the effects of steam flow variation on thermodynamic performance. Furthermore, the authors demonstrated how bio-hydrogen could be produced with minimal external energy input while cogenerating net heat and power by exploiting the off-gas in a cogeneration unit.

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38

Shen, Bo, and Moonis R. Ally. "Comparative Performance of Low Global Warming Potential (GWP) Refrigerants as Replacement for R-410A in a Regular 2-Speed Heat Pump for Sustainable Cooling." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 22, 2021): 8199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158199.

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Heat pumps are currently being developed to reduce the energy footprint for residential and commercial building space conditioning and water heating loads in cold climates. To mitigate the nocuous impact of greenhouse gas emissions on the environment, and to create a carbon-neutral building stock, alternate lower-GWP refrigerants must also replace the predominant use of R-410A, without re-engineering the mechanical hardware. In this paper, we analyze the performance of lower-GWP alternative refrigerants (R-32, R-452B, R-454B, and R-466A) relative to the conventional R-410A and draw conclusions on the relative performances to meet cooling loads. The simulations are accomplished using the heat pump design model, a well-known, public-domain design tool with a free web interface and downloadable desktop version to support public use and the HVAC R&D community. The contributions contain detailed, hardware-based heat exchanger and system analyses to provide a comprehensive assessment. The results of the simulation are scrutinized from the first (capacity and energy efficiency) and second laws (exergy analysis) to identify sources of systemic inefficiency, the root cause of lost work. This rigorous approach provides an exhaustive analysis of alternate lower-GWP refrigerants to replace R-410A using the same hardware. The results have practical value in engineering heat pumps in an economy that is compelled to alter by the consequences and uncertainties of climate change, to reduce its anthropogenic carbon footprint.

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Liu, Zhan, Zihui Liu, Xuan Xin, and Xiaohu Yang. "Proposal and assessment of a novel carbon dioxide energy storage system with electrical thermal storage and ejector condensing cycle: Energy and exergy analysis." Applied Energy 269 (July 2020): 115067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115067.

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40

Di Maria, Francesco, and Amani Maalouf. "Application of Entropy-Based Ecologic Indicators for Intrinsic Sustainability Assessment of EU27 Member States Waste Management Systems at Technosphere Level." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010833.

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Starting from the specific entropy (SE) indicator, which is well exploited by ecologists for investigating the status of health and the development tendency of ecosystems, a specific entropy per amount of exergy gained (SEEG) was proposed in this study for assessing the intrinsic sustainability of systems in the technosphere. According to the SE, the lower the SEEG indicator, the higher the intrinsic sustainability of the investigated system. This indicator was used for assessing the intrinsic sustainability of the main waste management (WM) systems of the different EU27 member states (MS). The main findings demonstrate average values of SEEG of about 0.0026 and 0.009 for composting and recycling, respectively. For incineration and landfilling, SEEG was 1.310 and 1.333, respectively. This indicates that incineration activity has a lower intrinsic sustainability. Concerning WM systems, lower values of SEEG were detected for EU 27 MS with recycling and composting percentages of waste >55%. Therefore, the maximization of percentages of waste recycled and composted, as well as solid recovered fuel production, are preferred over incineration.

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Yang, Xuqing, Shanju Yang, Haitao Wang, Zhenzhu Yu, Zhan Liu, and Weifeng Zhang. "Parametric assessment, multi-objective optimization and advanced exergy analysis of a combined thermal-compressed air energy storage with an ejector-assisted Kalina cycle." Energy 239 (January 2022): 122148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.122148.

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42

Marouf, Zakaria M., and Mahmoud A. Fouad. "Combined Energetic and Exergetic Performance Analysis of Air Bubbles Injection into a Plate Heat Exchanger: An Experimental Study." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 20, 2023): 1164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031164.

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This paper aims to give a comprehensive energetic-exergetic performance analysis on the impacts of injecting-submillimeter of air bubbles into both sides of cold and hot water streams before the entrance port of a corrugated plate heat exchanger (C-PHE) having ten plates within counterflow configuration. Hence, optimize the energy and exergy effectiveness at different operating conditions for counter and parallel fluid flow configurations. Hot streams were studied in seven flow rates ranging from 280 L/h to 880 L/h with a regular step of 100 L/h, and constant hot water temperature and cold-water stream of 50 °C and 290 L/h, respectively. Hence, the air was discharged with four flow rates ranging between 150 and 840 L/h. The obtained results showed the vital role of the ABI technique in enhancing the NTU and effectiveness by 59% and 18.6%, respectively, for CWS. The entropy generation was reduced to 0.038 W/K and the augmentation entropy generation number to 0.087 at the low airflow rate for CWS, which are the main parameters for evaluating the EGM. These two parameters increase the Witte-Shamsundar-efficiency to a maximum value of 98.6% at the same operating conditions. Moreover, the exergy effectiveness was enhanced to a maximum value of 80.9% at a high ABI flow rate and low volumetric rate of the hot stream at CWS. The thermo-economic assessment has been carried out, which revelers the positive effects of ABI on the combined energetic and exergetic performance on both sides, i.e., hot and cold sides.

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Manikandan, Gurunathan, P. Rajesh Kanna, Dawid Taler, and Tomasz Sobota. "Review of Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) as a Feedstock for Biofuel—Indian Perspective." Energies 16, no. 4 (February 9, 2023): 1739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041739.

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A detailed review was conducted to explore waste cooking oil (WCO) as feedstock for biodiesel. The manuscript highlights the impact on health while using used cooking oil and the scope for revenue generation from WCO. Up to a 20% blend with diesel results in less pollutants, and it does not demand more modifications to the engine. Also, this reduces the country’s import bill. Furthermore, it suggests the scope for alternate sustainable income among rural farmers through a circular economy. Various collection strategies are discussed, a SWOC (strength, weakness, opportunity, and challenges) analysis is presented to aid in understanding different countries’ policies regarding the collection of WCO, and a more suitable method for conversion is pronounced. A techno-economic analysis is presented to explore the viability of producing 1 litre of biodiesel. The cost of 1 litre of WCO-based biodiesel is compared with costs Iran and Pakistan, and it is noticed that the difference among them is less than 1%. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is mandatory to reveal the impact of WCO biodiesel on socio-economic and environmental concerns. Including exergy analysis will provide comprehensive information about the production and justification of WCO as a biodiesel.

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Gandage, S., and M. D. Goel. "Seismic Fragility Assessment of RC Building Using HAZUS Methodology and Incremental Dynamic Analysis." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 731–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.575.

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The technique of coupled building strategy is more viable to protect the adjacent buildings of dissimilar in characteristics against seismic hazards. The philosophy of coupled building control in which adjacent buildings are allowed to exerts counter-acting forces one upon another. This study includes the seismic performance of various Coupled Buildings with respect to Uncoupled Buildings for which two models of Coupled Building are considered that is, first one is the two-shear type adjacent buildings connected in-line with MR dampers and second one is same as first with taller building is isolated by Resilient-Friction Base Isolator at its foundation. The seismic response analysis of RC coupled buildings are studied in terms of peak responses subjected to unidirectional excitation due to Kobe 1995 earthquake. The governing equation of motion of various coupled buildings is solved numerically by Newmark’s step-by-step method. The dynamic behaviour of semiactive MR damper and R-FBI base isolation system has been predicted by modified Bouc-Wen model and Wen’s model respectively. This study employed the Lyapunov direct approach as a control algorithm for the stability analysis and design of semiactive MR controller. The responses of various coupled buildings and uncoupled buildings are simulated through MATLABâ computing software. This study outlined that model of Coupled Building-2 performs more effective in controlling the seismic responses whereas model of Coupled Building-1 performs well not only in reducing the responses but also avoid pounding from the adjacent buildings. Further, there is significant reduction in responses of taller building isolated by base isolation system whereas marginal reduction takes place in shorter building which is not isolated.

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Meng, Jing, Zhi Li, Jiashuo Li, Ling Shao, Mengyao Han, and Shan Guo. "Embodied exergy-based assessment of energy and resource consumption of buildings." Frontiers of Earth Science 8, no. 1 (February 18, 2014): 150–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11707-013-0397-4.

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46

Voloshchuk, Volodymyr. "Effect of Variation of Operational Regimes in Building Environment on Results of its Energy and Exergy Assessments." Civil And Environmental Engineering Reports 24, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ceer-2017-0010.

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Abstract For further development of the dynamic exergy analysis within built environment the work proposes to take into account stochastic nature of variations of operational regimes. Using the probability theory and statistics methods, the set of parameters considered as relevant for uncertainty conditions are presented. It is shown that characteristics of buildings (insulation, window performance, heat recovery, etc.) and type of the heating system have undoubtedly a strong influence not only on the energy/exergy demand and consumption but also on the sensitivity of the energy/exergy parameters to variations of external conditions. According to the results obtained after implementations of energy efficient solutions coefficient of variation of energy/exergy-based parameters can be increased up to two times.

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47

Ticu, Ionela, and Elena Gogu. "A POINT OF VIEW ON THE PERCEPTION OF FUTURE PROFESSIONALS ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF REFIRGERATION SYSTEMS." Journal of marine Technology and Environment 1, no. 2021 (2021): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.53464/jmte.01.2021.06.

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In the modern times, energy efficiency is of high interest because there is direct link between this concept and energy conservation, economics, environment and sustainable development. The energy efficiency intensification at international level is closely follow by national leaders and worldwide governments and organisations and by top companies as well. Considering this obvious aspects, higher education institutions are deeply involved in involving energy efficiency in the curricula of future professionals, in order to allow them to gain skills that will help in solving challenges specific to this activity. In this international context, Constanta Maritime University introduced in the curricula of the students enrolled in the specialization called Engineering and Environment Protection in Industry a discipline dealing with this very important activity, named Thermal Efficiency of Buildings and Industrial Processes. This paper is investigating the manner in which our students have mastered the tools of energy efficiency assessment of refrigeration systems, throughout a questionnaire applied to them, at the end of the chapter dedicated to these technologies. The students had to write short comments to very specific questions. Analysis of the comments helps the lecturer and the students to take appropriate measures in the next future. Thus, the feedback resulted to be quite positive because most of the students gained the knowledge provided in this respect. Still, delicate concepts, such as entropy, exergy or exergy destruction seem to raise difficulties to some students. In this respect, results that such an intermediary assessment has to be repeated more often, for other kind of technologies discussed during this course, with the involvement of the concepts introduced by the second law- which are essential in energy efficiency assessments.

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Ozcan, Huseyin Gunhan, Arif Hepbasli, Aysegul Abusoglu, and Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam. "Advanced Exergy Analysis of Waste-Based District Heating Options through Case Studies." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 5, 2021): 4766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164766.

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The heating of the buildings, together with domestic hot water generation, is responsible for half of the total generated heating energy, which consumes half of the final energy demand. Meanwhile, district heating systems are a powerful option to meet this demand, with their significant potential and the experience accumulated over many years. The work described here deals with the conventional and advanced exergy performance assessments of the district heating system, using four different waste heat sources by the exhaust gas potentials of the selected plants (municipal solid waste cogeneration, thermal power, wastewater treatment, and cement production), with the real-time data group based on numerical investigations. The simulated results based on conventional exergy analysis revealed that the priority should be given to heat exchanger (HE)-I, with exergy efficiency values from 0.39 to 0.58, followed by HE-II and the pump with those from 0.48 to 0.78 and from 0.81 to 0.82, respectively. On the other hand, the simulated results based on advanced exergy analysis indicated that the exergy destruction was mostly avoidable for the pump (78.32–78.56%) and mostly unavoidable for the heat exchangers (66.61–97.13%). Meanwhile, the exergy destruction was determined to be mainly originated from the component itself (endogenous), for the pump (97.50–99.45%) and heat exchangers (69.80–91.97%). When the real-time implementation was considered, the functional exergy efficiency of the entire system was obtained to be linearly and inversely proportional to the pipeline length and the average ambient temperature, respectively.

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Wang, Qiliang, Hongxing Yang, Gang Pei, Honglun Yang, Jingyu Cao, and Mingke Hu. "Assessment of Performance Enhancement Potential of a High-Temperature Parabolic Trough Collector System Combining the Optimized IR-Reflectors." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (May 28, 2020): 3744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113744.

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Heat collecting elements (HCEs) are the core components in the parabolic trough collector (PTC) system because photothermal conversion of the whole system occurs in the HCEs. However, considerable heat loss from the HCEs at high operating temperature exerts seriously negative impact on the photothermal conversion efficiency of the PTC system and subsequent application systems. To effectively reduce the heat loss and thus enhance the overall performance of the PTC system, in our previous work, we proposed three kinds of novel HCEs by partially depositing different IR-reflector coatings on the inner and outer surfaces of the glass envelope. The infrared (IR)-reflector of actual transparent conductive oxide (TCO) film, IR-reflector with a fixed cutoff wavelength of 2.5 μm, and the IR-reflector with optimal cutoff wavelength showed extremely effective roles in the reduction of heat loss in HCEs. In this paper, the comprehensive energy and exergy performances of these three novel HCEs in a real 72 m small-scale PTC system are further investigated by the mathematical models established. Additionally, the comparisons among overall performances of the proposed HCEs under different direct solar irradiances are also carried out. The results show that the simulated data yields good consistence with the experimental results, and that all three of the novel HCEs achieve superior overall performance compared with the conventional HCEs. The PTC system installing the novel HCEs with the IR-reflector coating which possesses the optimal cutoff wavelength has the best energetic and exergetic efficiencies, which are significantly improved by 25.2% and 28.1% compared with the conventional HCEs at the solar irradiance of 800 W/m2 and inlet temperature of 580 °C. Moreover, the proposed novel HCEs have a much superior performance at lower solar irradiance. The performance-enhanced PTC system will play a significantly positive role in the performance improvement of the heating and cooling of buildings in the future.

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Golpour, Iman, Mohammad Kaveh, Ana M. Blanco-Marigorta, José Daniel Marcos, Raquel P. F. Guiné, Reza Amiri Chayjan, Esmail Khalife, and Hamed Karami. "Multi-Response Design Optimisation of a Combined Fluidised Bed-Infrared Dryer for Terebinth (Pistacia atlantica L.) Fruit Drying Process Based on Energy and Exergy Assessments by Applying RSM-CCD Modelling." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 16, 2022): 15220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215220.

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The present investigation aimed to perform an optimisation process of the thermodynamic characteristics for terebinth fruit drying under different drying conditions in a fluidised bed-infrared (FBI) dryer using response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite design (CCD) approach. The experiments were conducted at three levels of drying air temperature (40, 55, and 70 °C), three levels of drying air velocity (0.93, 1.765, and 2.60 m/s), and three levels of infrared power (500, 1000, and 1500 W). Energy and exergy assessments of the thermodynamic parameters were performed based on the afirst and second laws of thermodynamics. Minimum energy utilisation, energy utilisation ratio, and exergy loss rate, and maximum exergy efficiency, improvement potential rate, and sustainability index were selected as the criteria in the optimisation process. The considered surfaces were evaluated at 20 experimental points. The experimental results were evaluated using a second-order polynomial model where an ANOVA test was applied to identify model ability and optimal operating drying conditions. The results of the ANOVA test showed that all of the operating variables had a highly significant effect on the corresponding responses. At the optimal drying conditions of 40 °C drying air temperature, 2.60 m/s air velocity, 633.54 W infrared power, and desirability of 0.670, the optimised values of energy utilisation, energy utilisation ratio, exergy efficiency, exergy loss rate, improvement potential rate, and sustainability index were 0.036 kJ/s, 0.029, 86.63%, 0.029 kJ/s, 1.79 kJ/s, and 7.36, respectively. The models predicted for all of the responses had R2-values ranging between 0.9254 and 0.9928, which showed that they had good ability to predict these responses. Therefore, the results of this research showed that RSM modelling had acceptable success in optimising thermodynamic performance in addition to achieving the best experimental conditions.

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