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1
Xie, Xuejing, Yawen Liu, Yongyang Xu, Zhanjun He, Xueye Chen, Xiaoyun Zheng, and Zhong Xie. "Building Function Recognition Using the Semi-Supervised Classification." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (October 1, 2022): 9900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12199900.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The functional classification of buildings is important for creating and managing urban zones and assisting government departments. Building function recognition is incredibly valuable for wide applications ranging from the determination of energy demand. By aiming at the topic of urban function classification, a semi-supervised graph structure network combined unified message passing model was introduced. The data of this model include spatial location distribution of buildings, building characteristics and the information mined from points of interesting (POIs). In order to extract the context information, each building was regarded as a graph node. Building characteristics and corresponding POIs information were embedded to mine the building function by the graph convolutional neural network. When training the model, several node labels in the graph were masked, and then these labels were predicted by the trained model so that this work could take full advantage of the node label and the feature information of all nodes in both the training and prediction stages. Quasi-experiments proved that the proposed method for building function classification using multi-source data enables the model to capture more meaningful information with limited labels, and it achieves better function classification results.
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Dalal, Rakesh, Kamal Bansal, and Sapan Thapar. "Bridging the energy gap of India’s residential buildings by using rooftop solar PV systems for higher energy stars." Clean Energy 5, no. 3 (July 19, 2021): 423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkab017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The residential-building sector in India consumes >25% of the total electricity and is the third-largest consumer of electricity; consumption increased by 26% between 2014 and 2017. India has introduced a star-labelling programme for residential buildings that is applicable for all single- and multiple-dwelling units in the country for residential purposes. The Energy Performance Index (EPI) of a building (annual energy consumption in kilowatt-hours per square metre of the building) is taken as an indicator for awarding the star label for residential buildings. For gauging the EPI status of existing buildings, the electricity consumption of residential buildings (in kWh/m2/year) is established through a case study of the residential society. Two years of electricity bills are collected for an Indian residential society located in Palam, Delhi, analysed and benchmarked with the Indian residential star-labelling programme. A wide EPI gap is observed for existing buildings for five-star energy labels. Based on existing electricity tariffs, the energy consumption of residential consumers and the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)’s proposed building ENERGY STAR labelling, a grid-integrated rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) system is considered for achieving a higher star label. This research study establishes the potential of grid-connected rooftop solar PV systems for residential buildings in Indian cities through a case study of Delhi. Techno-economic analysis of a grid-integrated 3-kWp rooftop solar PV plant is analysed by using RETScreen software. The study establishes that an additional two stars can be achieved by existing buildings by using a grid-integrated rooftop solar PV plant. Payback for retrofit of a 3-kWp rooftop solar PV plant for Indian cites varies from 3 to 7 years. A case study in Delhi, India establishes the potential of grid-connected rooftop solar PV systems for residential buildings. Techno-economic analysis of grid integrated, 3 kWp rooftop solar systems estimates a payback period from 3 to 7 years.
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Barreca, Alice, Elena Fregonara, and Diana Rolando. "EPC Labels and Building Features: Spatial Implications over Housing Prices." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 2838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052838.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The influence of building or dwelling energy performance on the real estate market dynamics and pricing processes is deeply explored, due to the fact that energy efficiency improvement is one of the fundamental reasons for retrofitting the existing housing stock. Nevertheless, the joint effect produced by the building energy performance and the architectural, typological, and physical-technical attributes seems poorly studied. Thus, the aim of this work is to investigate the influence of both energy performance and diverse features on property prices, by performing spatial analyses on a sample of housing properties listed on Turin’s real estate market and on different sub-samples. In particular, Exploratory Spatial Data Analyses (ESDA) statistics, standard hedonic price models (Ordinary Least Squares—OLS) and Spatial Error Models (SEM) are firstly applied on the whole data sample, and then on three different sub-samples: two territorial clusters and a sub-sample representative of the most energy inefficient buildings constructed between 1946 and 1990. Results demonstrate that Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) labels are gaining power in influencing price variations, contrary to the empirical evidence that emerged in some previous studies. Furthermore, the presence of the spatial effects reveals that the impact of energy attributes changes in different sub-markets and thus has to be spatially analysed.
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Fregonara, Elena, Diana Rolando, and Patrizia Semeraro. "Energy performance certificates in the Turin real estate market." Journal of European Real Estate Research 10, no. 2 (August 7, 2017): 149–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jerer-05-2016-0022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of the Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) on the Italian real estate market, focusing on old buildings. The contribution of EPC labels to house prices and to market liquidity was measured to analyze different aspects of the selling process. Design/methodology/approach A traditional hedonic model was used to explain the variables of listing price, transaction price, time on the market and bargaining outcome. In addition to EPC labels, the building construction period and the main features of apartments were included in the model. A sample of 879 transactions of old properties in Turin in 2011-2014 was considered. Findings A first hedonic model let us suppose that low EPC labels (E, F and G) were priced in the market although EPC labels explained only 6-8 per cent of price variation. A second full hedonic model, which included apartment characteristics, revealed that EPC labels had no impact on prices. Originality/value In Italy EPC has been mandatory for house transactions since 2009, so there are few studies on the effect of EPC on the Italian real estate market at least to our knowledge. Furthermore, unusually for the Italian context, in this paper also transaction prices were analyzed, in addition to the more frequently used listing prices.
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Kim, Jeong Tai, and Chuck Wah Francis Yu. "Sustainable development and requirements for energy efficiency in buildings – The Korean perspectives." Indoor and Built Environment 27, no. 6 (March 22, 2018): 734–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x18764618.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of developments in Korea in relation to its energy consumption and sustainable development policies and progress in achieving its energy targets as given by the Building Energy Codes. Building insulation and passive building technologies are also reviewed for achieving passive house standards by 2017 and zero-energy or near zero-energy buildings (nZEB) by 2025 in Korea, and to identify strategies to further reduce usage of primary energy and to achieve energy efficiency targets. A defining feature of a sustainable building is its ability to reduce significantly its environmental impacts and its embodied energy and greenhouse gas emissions over its whole life, including use of natural resources and releases of pollutants, to promote reuse and recycling of materials and sustainable development of buildings whilst ensuring the building satisfy the indoor environmental quality requirements for occupants. Passive technologies include the use of natural ventilation, energy storage such as using phase change materials (PCM) and high thermal mass structure, high energy efficiency windows and lighting and maximizing daylighting and use of renewable energy technologies. Technologies for refurbishment of building envelopes, windows and ventilation systems are reviewed to improve and upgrade the energy efficiency of existing buildings as well as focusing on new builds. The various options for heating, ventilating, cooling and air-conditioning of buildings are also discussed. Green Buildings and Energy Efficiency Labels and Standards should have a pertinent role to affect energy efficiency measures in building developments.
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Chen, Qi, Yuanyi Zhang, Xinyuan Li, and Pengjie Tao. "Extracting Rectified Building Footprints from Traditional Orthophotos: A New Workflow." Sensors 22, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22010207.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Deep learning techniques such as convolutional neural networks have largely improved the performance of building segmentation from remote sensing images. However, the images for building segmentation are often in the form of traditional orthophotos, where the relief displacement would cause non-negligible misalignment between the roof outline and the footprint of a building; such misalignment poses considerable challenges for extracting accurate building footprints, especially for high-rise buildings. Aiming at alleviating this problem, a new workflow is proposed for generating rectified building footprints from traditional orthophotos. We first use the facade labels, which are prepared efficiently at low cost, along with the roof labels to train a semantic segmentation network. Then, the well-trained network, which employs the state-of-the-art version of EfficientNet as backbone, extracts the roof segments and the facade segments of buildings from the input image. Finally, after clustering the classified pixels into instance-level building objects and tracing out the roof outlines, an energy function is proposed to drive the roof outline to maximally align with the building footprint; thus, the rectified footprints can be generated. The experiments on the aerial orthophotos covering a high-density residential area in Shanghai demonstrate that the proposed workflow can generate obviously more accurate building footprints than the baseline methods, especially for high-rise buildings.
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Dolezal, Franz, and Christina Spitzbart-Glasl. "Relevance of Acoustic Performance in Green Building Labels and Social Sustainability Ratings." Energy Procedia 78 (November 2015): 1629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.241.
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Jakob, Martin, York Ostermeyer, Claudio Nägeli, and Christian Hofer. "Overcome data gaps to benchmark building stocks against climate targets related to the EU taxonomy and other decarbonisation initiatives." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1085, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1085/1/012042.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract National disclosure regulation is more and more flanked by stricter requirements of climate reporting. Industry stakeholders with more than 250 employees will for example be required to report on the share of their CAPEX and OPEX that is in line with the 2050 climate targets of the EU. Financial institutions are required to declare how much of their investment is in 2050 target compatible assets. Investment in buildings is an important part of such reporting and there is need of a robust approach and method to be used. The presented project developed such an approach. With reference to the work of the EU Technical Expert Group on Sustainable Finance and the Climate Bond Initiative (CBI), generally applicable criteria for buildings have been determined and calculated for the example of Switzerland. They are based on a best-in-class approach. While the EU Technical Taxonomy refers to the top 15% of buildings in terms of primary energy demand, CBI uses CO2-emissions as a benchmark. To compare the current state of buildings sector with these criteria, a distributional building stock model is used, which also addresses the fact that the data availability on energy efficiency and climate compatibility of the building stock is unsatisfactory in many European countries including Switzerland. To be easily applicable in practice, the criteria are mainly based on two dimensions: on the one hand, on the requirements of codes (in Switzerland the model regulations of the Cantons, MuKEn) and widely used standards and labels (Minergie, GEAK), and on the other hand, on the energy sources used for the generation of space heat and hot water. The study shows that ecologically sustainable, climate-compatible building financing can always be assumed in Switzerland if one of the following two criteria are met for new buildings: multi-family, office or other non-residential buildings according to Minergie from 1998 on, MuKEn from 2000 on or GEAK B that use heat-pumps, wood, pellets or solar energy. Or, any building with Minergie from 2009 on label, MuKEn 2014 or GEAK A that use heat pumps, wood, pellets, solar energy or district heating based on non-fossil energy. In the context of increased pressure on resources, it is important to acknowledge the climate-compatibility of older buildings as well (and to not only consider newly which would generate a bias towards resource intensive building of new houses).
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DANI, ANDREA TRI RIAN, VITA RATNASARI, LUDIA NI'MATUZZAHROH, IGAR CALVERIA AVIANTHOLIB, RADITYA NOVIDIANTO, and NARITA YURI ADRIANINGSIH. "ANALISIS KLASIFIKASI ARTIST MUSIC MENGGUNAKAN MODEL REGRESI LOGISTIK BINER DAN ANALISIS DISKRIMINAN." Jambura Journal of Probability and Statistics 3, no. 1 (May 29, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34312/jjps.v3i1.13708.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Characteristics of a song are an important aspect that must be kept authentic by a singer. Using the Spotify API feature, we can extract the characteristics or elements of a song sung by a singer. There are eight (8) elements that we can get from the extraction of a song, namely: Danceability, Energy, Loudness, Speechiness, Acousticness, Liveness, Valence, and Tempo. Based on the extraction results, we can label the music artist using the classification analysis method. In this study, the labels are music artists, namely Ariana Grande and Taylor Swift. This study aims to obtain the classification of music artist labels using binary logistic regression methods and discriminant analysis. The response variable used in this study is Artist Music (Y) which is categorized into two categories, namely Ariana Grande (Y=0) and Taylor Swift (Y=1). The data will be divided into training and testing data with the proportion of data 90:10 and 80:20. Based on the results of the analysis, the binary regression model that was built, with the proportion of training testing data that is 90:10 has a classification accuracy for data testing of 90.00%.
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Pellegrino, Margot, Carole Wernert, and Angéline Chartier. "Social Housing Net-Zero Energy Renovations With Energy Performance Contract: Incorporating Occupants’ Behaviour." Urban Planning 7, no. 2 (April 28, 2022): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v7i2.5029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article examines how the behaviour of occupants is assessed in a project with ambitious targets for energy use reductions and within the framework of an approach based on an energy performance contract. Its starting point is the observation that there may be significant disparities between the consumption threshold required by the regulations or the labels and the actual building consumption in its post-delivery existence. While behaviour cannot be the only factor explaining this overconsumption, the promoters of high-performance renovation operations often marginalise their importance. The recent surge in requirements for energy consumption reductions in new or renovated buildings in Europe further exacerbates these problems. In light of these challenges, there is a strong demand for compulsory verification of post-delivery performances and for developing energy performance contracts. In this context, the behaviour of a building’s occupants can no longer be considered as a simple adjustment variable. Through the analysis of Energiesprong, a net-zero energy renovation approach for the social housing developed in the Netherlands and in France, built around the principle of an energy performance contract over a long timeframe, the article highlights the injunctions to behavioural changes, the strategies, the negotiations, and the adjustments deployed by the project leaders. It finally shows that there is still a long way to go before the occupant’s behaviour in a high-energy performance renovation project is fully taken into account.
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Ecer, Billur, Mehmet Kabak, and Metin Dagdeviren. "Inverse multiple criteria sorting problem with fuzzy parameters: an application of building energy labelling improvement." RAIRO - Operations Research 56, no. 2 (March 2022): 689–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2022024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Classification is defined as the problem of assignment of objects to the predefined classes. In general view, classification problems divided into two groups: classification and sorting problems. Sorting problems define the case of existence of ordered classes for objects, while classes are not ordered in classification problems. Besides these two groups of classification problems, Inverse Multiple Criteria Sorting Problem (IMSCP) is also introduced into the literature in recent years. IMSCP deals with finding the possible actions that can change the assignment of objects to classes in order to obtain the desired classification of objects. The main aim in this study is to propose an extension of IMSCP with fuzzy parameters with a proper solution approach. A case study of building energy labelling improvement in an existing building site in Ankara is solved by using parametric fuzzy solution approach of Carlsson and Korhonen. Obtained results of the application presents the possible actions to improve the energy labels of the buildings within the site. Also, solution results show that the proposed model in this study can be used to improve current Building Energy Performance model in Turkey to a new one with efficiency improvement suggestions.
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Yousefi, Mojtaba, Amin Hajizadeh, Mohsen N. Soltani, Branislav Hredzak, and Nasrin Kianpoor. "Profit assessment of home energy management system for buildings with A-G energy labels." Applied Energy 277 (November 2020): 115618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115618.
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Popa, Angela, Alfonso P. Ramallo González, Gaurav Jaglan, and Anna Fensel. "A Semantically Data-Driven Classification Framework for Energy Consumption in Buildings." Energies 15, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 3155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093155.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Encouraged by the European Union, all European countries need to enforce solutions to reduce non-renewable energy consumption in buildings. The reduction of energy (heating, domestic hot water, and appliances consumption) aims for the vision of near-zero energy consumption as a requirement goal for constructing buildings. In this paper, we review the available standards, tools and frameworks on the energy performance of buildings. Additionally, this work investigates if energy performance ratings can be obtained with energy consumption data from IoT devices and if the floor size and energy consumption values are enough to determine a dwellings’ energy performance rating. The essential outcome of this work is a data-driven prediction tool for energy performance labels that can run automatically. The tool is based on the cutting edge kNN classification algorithm and trained on open datasets with actual building data such as those coming from the IoT paradigm. Additionally, it assesses the results of the prediction by analysing its accuracy values. Furthermore, an approach to semantic annotations for energy performance certification data with currently available ontologies is presented. Use cases for an extension of this work are also discussed in the end.
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Popa, Angela, Alfonso P. Ramallo González, Gaurav Jaglan, and Anna Fensel. "A Semantically Data-Driven Classification Framework for Energy Consumption in Buildings." Energies 15, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 3155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093155.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Encouraged by the European Union, all European countries need to enforce solutions to reduce non-renewable energy consumption in buildings. The reduction of energy (heating, domestic hot water, and appliances consumption) aims for the vision of near-zero energy consumption as a requirement goal for constructing buildings. In this paper, we review the available standards, tools and frameworks on the energy performance of buildings. Additionally, this work investigates if energy performance ratings can be obtained with energy consumption data from IoT devices and if the floor size and energy consumption values are enough to determine a dwellings’ energy performance rating. The essential outcome of this work is a data-driven prediction tool for energy performance labels that can run automatically. The tool is based on the cutting edge kNN classification algorithm and trained on open datasets with actual building data such as those coming from the IoT paradigm. Additionally, it assesses the results of the prediction by analysing its accuracy values. Furthermore, an approach to semantic annotations for energy performance certification data with currently available ontologies is presented. Use cases for an extension of this work are also discussed in the end.
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Akhtar, Muhammad Shoaib, and Tao Feng. "IoT Based Indoor and Outdoor Localization Framework with WI-FI Fingerprinting Based on Scalable Resnet Models." Review of Computer Engineering Studies 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/rces.090203.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A scalable indoor localization technique is a vital technology for future large-scale location-aware services covering a complex of multi-story buildings. Our research on the usage of ResNet for scalable building/floor categorization and floor-level position estimation based on Wi-Fi fingerprinting is presented in this publication. Building and floor-level coordinates are estimated using our new ResNet architecture, which utilizes a stacked autoencoder to reduce feature space and a feed-forward classifier to classify multiple labels of building/floor/location. This architecture is the foundation for our multi-building and multi-floor indoor localization system based on Wi-Fi fingerprinting. On the Jaume I University (UJI) campus in Spain, we test the accuracy of building/floor estimation and floor-level coordinates estimation for three buildings with four or five stories each. ResNet-based indoor localization using a single ResNet has been proven to be feasible, with results that are close to the state of the art. One ResNet is all that is needed in order for the proposed indoor localization system based on Wi-Fi fingerprinting to function at levels close to the current state of the art, allowing it to be implemented with less complexity and less energy consumption on mobile devices.
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Proi, Migena, Emilia Cubero Dudinskaya, Simona Naspetti, Emel Ozturk, and Raffaele Zanoli. "The Role of Eco-Labels in Making Environmentally Friendly Choices: An Eye-Tracking Study on Aquaculture Products with Italian Consumers." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (March 6, 2023): 4659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054659.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Eco-labels are crucial in helping consumers make sustainable food choices. However, previous literature has shown that eco-labels lack visibility and, frequently, are not easy for consumers to see. The main goal of the present study was to analyse the influence of aquaculture eco-labels’ visual elements—size and saliency—on consumers’ visual attention and choice. The study uses an eye-tracking methodology, together with a choice experiment and a semiotic analysis. A word association (WA) task was used to explore how each eco-label’s graphic design influenced consumers’ perceptions. Sixty-one consumers’ eye movements were tracked while choosing smoked salmon and seabass products carrying different eco-labels. The results showed that size and saliency largely influence visual attention. The choice of aquaculture products was influenced only by the size of the eco-labels. According to the WA task, the shape, the symbols and the language in which the claim was written influenced consumers’ preferences. The findings contribute to marketing and food research, suggesting which visual elements should be considered to increase consumers’ interest in eco-labels.
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Bhat, Akeel Firdos, and Er Vikas Kumar. "Comparative Study on Deflection of a Multistoried Building with Shear Wall and Core Wall." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 3743–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43212.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract: To ensure the seismic effectiveness of highrise buildings different systems of lateral restraints are provided e.g., bracings, shear walls, core walls etc. In the present study, deflection of various joints, storeys & also the drifts have been gone through. For this purpose, 3 different models of multi-storeyed buildings were prepared consisting of a G+6 building with shear wall at the centre of edges on exterior walls, G+6 building with a core wall & G+8 building with a core wall were prepared using an integrated building designing software known as ETABS- 2016 (student version). A 3-bay building was modelled using M30 concrete mix and reinforcing steel bars of HYSD 415 for beams, columns, slabs as well as shear walls. After this pier labels were assigned to the shear walls. A variety of load cases like joint loads, dead loads, live loads, wind load in x-direction for terrain category 4, earthquake loads in x & y directions for zone II along with their combinations were assigned. The respective diaphragms were assigned to the three models & analysis was carried out at the end. The table of results was obtained and the deflection analysis was carried out to compare the relative effectiveness of shear walls & core walls at different locations of the multi-storeyed building. The codes taken into consideration during the progress of work were IS 456:2000 for plain and reinforced concrete, IS 875:2015 (Part 1) for wind loads & IS 1893:2002 for earthquake loads. Keywords: Earthquakes, Shear wall, Core wall, Lateral deflection.
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Gangolells, Casals, Ferré-Bigorra, Forcada, Macarulla, Gaspar, and Tejedor. "Energy Benchmarking of Existing Office Stock in Spain: Trends and Drivers." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 12, 2019): 6356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226356.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Buildings play a central role in the clean energy transition, which is why it is vital to understand how energy is consumed in this sector. Energy performance certificate databases are considered a key source of information on the characteristics of built building stock. Despite a growing portfolio of studies based on information from such databases, little is known about energy consumption in offices. This paper explores the modelled energy performance of existing offices in Spain, using data from 13,701 energy performance certificates collected by the Catalan Institute of Energy (ICAEN) in 2013–2018. Offices were found to consume between 202.66 and 212.10 kWhp/m2·year and were mostly ranked in classes C and D (~64%). Offices with E, F or G labels represent ~28% of the sample while A and B energy ratings are very scarce (~8%). Key drivers of energy consumption variation were found to be the office type, construction period, climate zone, renewable energy use, energy certification procedure and motivation for obtaining an energy performance certificate. Ownership was not found to affect average calculated energy consumption. The results will help policy makers to plan future energy conservation strategies.
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Chen, Fong-Yao, Jen-Hsu Liang, and Michael Mak. "Effects of Green Attributes on Residential Price in Taiwan." International Real Estate Review 1, no. 1 (June 30, 1998): 307–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100345.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Taiwan is committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and established a green building certification system called the ecology, energy saving, waste reduction, and health (EEWH) system in 1999. However, only 0.44% of the private projects have obtained green building labels in 2017, and almost all of them have expired and not renewed. This study analyzes green attributes of market preferences by using a multi-regression. The results show that green indicators have a significant impact on green premium. That is, greenery, building envelope design, energy conserving air conditioning, construction waste reduction and indoor environment quality have discounted effects on the green premium. But some high-weighed indicators in EEWH are not favored by developers, and therefore have negative impacts on prices, such as building envelope design and energy conserving air conditioning. On the contrary, some low-weighed indicators have positive impacts on prices, such as energy conserving indoor lighting and water conservation, and therefore are already incorporated by developers based on buyers’ demand. It is suggested to modify the weighting of such indicators so that they are in line with buyers’ preferences, which will incentivize developers to incorporate green attributes in future projects that are more valued by buyers.
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Goloveshkin, Alexey V., and Stanislav S. Mikhalkovich. "Robust algorithmic binding to arbitrary fragment of program code." Program Systems: Theory and Applications 13, no. 1 (February 19, 2022): 35–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25209/2079-3316-2022-13-1-35-62.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When solving a task, a programmer actively interacts with a finite set of code fragments. The information about their locations is important for quick navigation, for other developers, and as a kind of documentation. Integrated development environments (IDEs) provide tools for marking code fragments with labels, displaying lists of labels, and using these labels for quick navigation. However, they often lose the correspondence between the label and the marked place when the code is edited, in particular when changes are made outside the IDE. In previous works, the authors propose a tool to be integrated into various IDEs for “binding” to large syntactic entities of a program and building a markup that is robust to code editing. The description of the marked element is built on the basis of the abstract syntax tree (AST) of the program. Later it is used to algorithmically search for the element in an edited code. The search has a success rate from 99 to 100%. This article aims at robust algorithmic binding to an arbitrary section of the code. For binding to a single-line code fragment, we propose an extension of the model describing the marked fragment, and an additional search algorithm. We also propose an algorithm for embedding nodes corresponding to multi-line fragments in an AST. We show that the correctness of the AST is not violated by these embeddings. Bindings to randomly selected lines were made in the code of three large C# projects. Manual check of these lines search results in the edited code has confirmed that the bindings are robust to code editing.
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Asdrubali, Francesco, Gianluca Grazieschi, Marta Roncone, Francesca Thiebat, and Corrado Carbonaro. "Sustainability of Building Materials: Embodied Energy and Embodied Carbon of Masonry." Energies 16, no. 4 (February 13, 2023): 1846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041846.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The growing attention to sustainability and life cycle issues by European and international policies has recently encouraged the adoption, in the construction sector, of environmental labels able to quantify the impacts on environment associated with the fabrication of several building materials, e.g., their embodied energy and carbon. Within this framework, since walls represent a large percentage of building mass and therefore of embodied impacts, this article collects and analyzes nearly 180 Environmental Products Declarations (EPDs) of wall construction products such as masonry blocks and concrete panels. The data related to the primary energy (renewable and non-renewable) and the global warming potential extracted from the EPDs were compared firstly at the block level (choosing 1 kg as functional unit), enabling designers and manufacturers to understand and reduce the impacts from wall products at the early design stage. As the design progresses, it is therefore necessary to evaluate the environmental impacts related to the entire wall system. For this purpose, this paper proposes a further investigation on some simple wall options having similar thermal performance and superficial mass (the functional unit chosen in this case was equal to 1 m2 with R ≈ 5 m2K/W, Ms ≈ 260 kg/m2). The outcomes showed how the durability of the materials and the potential of disassembly of the wall stratigraphies can play a crucial role in reducing the environmental impact. This paper provides a methodological reference both for manufacturers to reduce impacts and for designers committed to the application of environmental labeling in the design process since they will now be able to compare their products with others.
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Esmael, Forouhid, Zadeh Falah, and Jafar Mahmoudi. "Modelling and analysis of an urban road traffic noise pollution: Case study of an interrupted flow traffic noise at a signalized intersection." Journal of Applied Engineering Science 19, no. 4 (2021): 1150–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jaes0-29921.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research aimed at modeling interrupted flow traffic noise at a signalized intersection. In this study, a new approach has been used with SPSS and Arc GIS with urban road traffic noise. The measured parameters of noise include noise equivalent level, volume of light vehicles, heavy vehicles and time mean speed. The results showed that the Spearman correlation coefficient between the interface and the level of the noise at morning, evening and total time were 0.241, 0.35 and 0.45. The spearman correlation coefficient between the interface of the buildings and the intersection of all types of vehicles passing through the morning, evening and total time equal to 0.534, 0.328 and 0.409. The results showed that noise level can be predicted through the speed variables of the vehicles, the volume of vehicles passing heavy and the use of land use of buildings. According to the results and the noise maps for the modeling noise of the estimated coefficients from the equation, it can be found that in building highway in urban, closer look on internationally acting Green Building Labels and noise protection is seen as an important part of the social sustainability aspects of a building.
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Hsieh, Ting Ting, Che Ming Chiang, Ming Chin Ho, and Kwang Pang Lai. "Research on Green Building Material Assessment Factors and Eco-Efficiency Issue." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 1773–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.1773.
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Due to global climate changes, Earth sustainability issues have become topics of international attention. The frequency of abnormal weather occurrences and disasters around the world has doubled and the health of the environment has been deteriorating, causing catastrophes around the world. All countries must have a prudent response to this situation. The environmental topics debated globally have changed from passive discussions about environmental protection and energy consumption to more proactive dialogues on sustainable cycles and LOHAS. Taiwan has actively proposed relevant environmental responsive measures, including plans for ecological cities, green buildings, and green building materials (GBMs). GBMs are the basic factor of environmental building projects and they have the most extensive scope of applications, as they have a direct effect on human health and are the key to the Earth’s sustainability. This research summarized international sustainability assessment systems, international green building material labels, and relevant building material assessment mechanisms, in order to summarize and integrate a variety of factors with the life cyclic assessment (LCA) of the ISO14040 series as the axis for establishing a preliminary green building material assessment system. In addition, the Fuzzy Delphi Methods was employed for analysis to discuss the green building material environmental load (Ln) factor and the green building material quality (Qn) factor. According to the research and analysis results, this research established the GBM Eco-Efficiency Assessment System in the context of climate change, to be used as the basis for subsequent research on GBM eco-efficiency standards. Using efficiency as a starting point, this research hoped to achieve a win-win strategy of balancing human health with the Earth’s sustainable development.
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Sprudza, Klinta Luize, Aneka Klavina, Buka Berzina, Ruta Kauce, and Zanna Martinsone. "Indoor Air Quality Guidelines Connection to IAQ Certification and Labelling Process." Environmental and Climate Technologies 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2023-0003.
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Abstract The world’s leading indoor air quality guidelines provide for the identification of certain parameters with a specific limit value based on the latest empirical measurements, however, most of them do not have legal coverage and are voluntary. This leads to unequal assessment of indoor air quality, because there is an identifiable difference between the limit values set out in the various guidelines. And these values would be related to the results obtained during the experimental activities of the application of the specific parameters and the interpretation of their effects on human health. The aim of this IAQ guideline and IAQ certification review was to develop IAQ label for Nordic countries and to find gaps the legislation established by the Latvian government. The development of indoor air quality labels provides an opportunity to maintain and promote the optimal functionality of human physiological processes and the sustainability of the building.
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Otaegi, Jorge, Rufino J. Hernández, Xabat Oregi, Alexander Martín-Garín, and Iñigo Rodríguez-Vidal. "Comparative Analysis of the Effect of the Evolution of Energy Saving Regulations on the Indoor Summer Comfort of Five Homes on the Coast of the Basque Country." Buildings 12, no. 7 (July 19, 2022): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12071047.
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In the last decade, several European directives have been established to contribute to the 2020, 2030 and 2050 energy saving targets and impose energy efficiency requirements for new construction, existing buildings and building renovation operations. One of the ways to achieve said objectives is to rely on the most demanding energy efficiency labels existing in Europe, such as Passivhaus, and to implement similar concepts into the national energy regulations of European countries based on a high-performance thermal envelope (high insulation and high-performance windows), high airtightness and high-performance heat-recovery ventilation systems, and solar heat harvesting. This energy conservation concept has shown to be effective for houses with low-density occupation in cold climates, but may cause severe overheating problems in denser collective housing in temperate and hot climates with higher solar radiation. To assess this impact, five flats in three developments from different periods that range from no insulation at all to a nZEB, Passivhaus-certified high-rise are compared in this paper, using data from a monitoring campaign during the summer of 2020. The results show and quantify the strong impact the evolution of the energy saving regulatory trend has had on summer indoor comfort, which may in some cases lead to previously unnecessary air conditioning for cooling and, ultimately, be counterproductive towards the end goals of reducing energy consumption and greenhouse-effect gas emissions and mitigating climate change.
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Pinto, Juliana Pires, Cláudia Miranda Veloso, Bruno Barbosa Sousa, Marco Valeri, Cicero Eduardo Walter, and Eunice Lopes. "Managerial Practices and (Post) Pandemic Consumption of Private Labels: Online and Offline Retail Perspective in a Portuguese Context." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (August 30, 2022): 10813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710813.
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Currently, given the different dynamics of competition, food retailers are increasingly betting on private labels as a strategy of differentiation and retention of competitive advantages. To this extent, this study aims to assess the antecedents of the purchase intention of food retailers’ private labels, as well as to understand the managerial practices and (post) pandemic consumption retail perspective in a Portuguese context. The results obtained, through a quantitative analysis by means of multiple linear regressions, on a random sample of customers (n = 300) indicate that customer satisfaction and attitude towards his/her own brand are quite favourable, as demonstrated by the existence of a high loyalty to his/her own brand. Additionally, they reveal that the purchase experience, the private-label image, the perceived risk, and the COVID-19 pandemic are prior attitudes towards the private label and its mediation in the purchase intention and recommendation of its products. Finally, loyalty to the private label, store satisfaction and, through these, also the shopping experience were confirmed as determinants of loyalty. These results provide insights to food retailers on aspects to be improved and considered in the design of commercial strategies that promote the intention to purchase private-label products and that win and retain customers and achieve competitive advantages and profitability. Regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, the study reveals that some consumers changed their purchasing patterns, choosing to buy more private-label products at this stage.
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Koengkan, Matheus, José Alberto Fuinhas, Magdalena Radulescu, Emad Kazemzadeh, Nooshin Karimi Alavijeh, Renato Santiago, and Mônica Teixeira. "Assessing the Role of Financial Incentives in Promoting Eco-Friendly Houses in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area—Portugal." Energies 16, no. 4 (February 13, 2023): 1839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041839.
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This article investigates the impact of fiscal and financial incentives for energy efficiency labels on eco-friendly houses (houses with high energy efficiency certificates, such as A+, A, B, and B−) in 18 municipalities in the Lisbon metropolitan region during the period 2014–2020. The empirical results indicate that the variables of fiscal incentive policies for energy efficiency labels, income per capita, credit agreements for the purchase or construction of a house, and the number of completed dwellings in new constructions for family housing encourage eco-friendly houses. In contrast, the variable number of completed reconstructions per 100 completed new constructions has a negative impact. Although this study is constrained by data limitations resulting from the short period under analysis and the moderate number of municipalities available, it advances the discussions around energy efficiency in residential properties in Portugal. Furthermore, it investigates the effectiveness of tax incentive policies for energy efficiency seals as an instrument for promoting ecological houses in the municipalities of the Lisbon metropolitan area. Thus, the need to study the Portuguese capital stands out as it is the most populous city in the country and concentrates a large part of the economic activity.
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Garaus, Marion, Christian Garaus, Elisabeth Wolfsteiner, and Charlotte Jermendy. "Anthropomorphism as a Differentiation Strategy for Standardized Reusable Glass Containers." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (August 2, 2022): 9473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159473.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The steadily increasing amount of waste requires new strategies for package waste reduction. One strategy is to switch from single-use plastic packaging to glass packaging; however, this strategy is only beneficial from an environmental perspective when complemented with a multi-use deposit refund system with standardized glass containers. This implies the loss of package shape as a differentiation criterion, which has been considered a highly relevant marketing instrument in the fast-moving consumer goods markets. Against this background, the current research investigates in an online experiment the suitability of anthropomorphized label designs on prompting purchase intentions in the context of reusable glass jars. The study further investigates the mediating roles of brand attitude and brand interest. Contrary to the postulated hypotheses, anthropomorphized labels negatively impact brand attitude, and the sequential mediation of anthropomorphism on brand interest and brand attitude on purchase intention was significant. Our findings reveal that anthropomorphized labels stimulate brand interest, which in turn positively affects purchase intention. The results emphasize the relevance of brand interest in package design and guides manufacturers, brand managers, and policymakers to effective differentiation strategies for standardized multi-use packages.
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Zaki Ahmed, Ayat, and Manuel Rodríguez Díaz. "A Methodology for Machine-Learning Content Analysis to Define the Key Labels in the Titles of Online Customer Reviews with the Rating Evaluation." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (July 27, 2022): 9183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159183.
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Online reputation is of great strategic importance to companies today. Customers share their emotions and experiences about the service received or the product acquired through online opinions in the form of quantitative variables or text comments. Although quantitative variables can be analyzed using different statistical methods, the main limitation of comment content analysis lies in the statistical analysis because the texts are qualitative. This study proposes and applies a methodology to develop a machine learning designed to identify the key labels related to the quantitative variables in the general rating of the service received from an airline. To this end, we create a quantitative dichotomous variable from zero to one from a database of comment title labels, thus facilitating the conversion of titles into quantitative variables. On this basis, we carry out a multiple regression analysis where the dependent variable is the overall rating and the independent variables are the labels. The results obtained are satisfactory, and the significant labels are determined, as well as their signs and coefficients with the general ratings. Findings show that the significant labels detected in titles positively influence the prediction of the overall rating of airline. This paper is a new approach to applying cluster analysis to the text content of customers’ online reviews in an airline. Thus, the proposed methodology results in a quantitative value for the labels that determines the direction and intensity of customers’ opinions. Moreover, it has important practical implications for managers to identify the weakness and the strengths of their services in order to increase their positioning in the market by developing meaningful strategies.
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Papoutsi, Georgia, Pantelis Noulas, and Katerina Tsatoura. "Animals or Humans: What Do Greek Consumers Care More about When Buying Feta Cheese?" Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 25, 2022): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010316.
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Over the last few years, the global consumer concerns for quality standards in food production and distribution have increased, and actions towards a more sustainable agrifood system have become necessary. Ethical labelling schemes, such as animal welfare and fair labor, can help in this direction. To better understand if these labels are indeed an important element in consumer’s buying decisions and to be able to quantify the magnitude of their importance, this study uses the contingent valuation method. Results reveal that respondents place a positive value on both labelling schemes, and they are willing to pay an average premium of 27% and 36% for feta cheese carrying an animal welfare and fair labor label, respectively. Estimated willingness to pay (WTP) values are affected by demographic characteristics as well as attitudinal variables such as gender, age, prior knowledge of ethical certification labels, purchase frequency and ethically minded purchasing behavior. Overall results suggest that there is a strong market opportunity for both labelling schemes Ethical labelling can be an effective marketing tool for producers and distributors seeking to differentiate their feta cheese products. Furthermore, it is implied that consumers value issues related to labor exploitation in the dairy farming sector higher than inhuman treatment of animals.
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Borowiec, Arkadiusz T. "Modeling Activities Related to Improving Energy Efficiency in the Public Procurement Process in Poland." Energies 16, no. 6 (March 10, 2023): 2612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062612.
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The public procurement system in Poland remains highly centralized, although thanks to European Community directives, it is part of European law. Therefore, it has established procedures for sustainable public procurement, including so-called green public procurement. In addition to the Public Procurement Law of 11 September 2019, other provisions introducing specific instruments (e.g., energy labels, environmental labels) should be taken into consideration, as such provisions make it easier for contracting authorities to take environmental aspects into account in tender procedures. Bearing in mind the existing legal regulations, this article features a diagnosis of the degree of use of measures to improve energy efficiency in public procurement procedures and models activities related to improving this situation. For this purpose, surveys were conducted for 120 entities applying the provisions of the Public Procurement Law. Taking into consideration the results obtained in the survey, 15 factors related to the improvement of energy efficiency in tender procedures were selected with the help of 12 purposively selected experts connected with the issues raised in this article. Thanks to their expert knowledge, three key factors determining the wider use of this instrument were modeled by means of the systems theory–based methodology of network thinking. The paper also attempts to indicate the key factors determining the wider use of this instrument, using the network thinking methodology for this purpose. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that these factors include human capital, industry, and the energy crisis. Research on the subject in the Polish literature remains innovative and allows for the formulation of application recommendations for decision makers. The concept of energy efficiency in this paper refers to the ratio of the results obtained to the energy input. Efficient use of energy aims to reduce the amount of energy needed to deliver products and services.
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Keleş, Abdullah, and Hatice Yılmaz. "Investigation of Lean Production Knowledge among Employees in Building Inspection Organizations." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 15, 2022): 15142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215142.
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Currently, lean construction has become very important, with lean manufacturing, a philosophy of production that in the most basic sense refers to the elimination of waste and tries to eliminate anything that does not add value to the product or service, emerging as a Japanese business pattern. The aim of this study was to determine the lean production knowledge among employees in building inspection organizations. To measure the level of awareness in construction inspection institutions, which are the leading entities in the construction sector, and the level of awareness on this issue, a survey was conducted through face-to-face meetings with engineering employees residing in Adana province. The results were converted into datasets in the appropriate Microsoft Excel format. With these datasets, the reliability level of the survey was measured using the SPSS program, and the data were analyzed using WEKA software. The study used association rule learning, a data mining method. According to the results, the number of employees who knew the definition of lean production was less than half, at 47%, while the number of those who knew about the concept of lean construction was 44%. The results obtained according to three different class labels were statistically interpreted, and it was determined that the employees lacked knowledge and sufficient awareness about the subject.
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Liu, Minxing, Garyeong Kim, Kai Bauckhage, and Marcus Geimer. "Data-Driven Virtual Flow Rate Sensor Development for Leakage Monitoring at the Cradle Bearing in an Axial Piston Pump." Energies 15, no. 17 (August 23, 2022): 6115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176115.
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The leakage of the tribological contact in axial piston pumps significantly impacts the pump efficiency. Leakage observations can be used to optimize the pump design and monitor the behavior of the tribological contact. However, due to assembly limitations, it is not always feasible to observe the leakage of each tribological contact individually with a flow rate sensor. This work developed a data-driven virtual flow rate sensor for monitoring the leakage of cradle bearings in axial piston pumps under different operating conditions and recess pressures. The performance of neural network, support vector regression, and Gaussian regression methods for developing the virtual flow rate sensor was systematically investigated. In addition, the effect of the number of datasets and label distribution on the performance of the virtual flow sensor were systematically studied. The findings are verified using a data-driven virtual flow rate sensor to observe the leakage. In addition, they show that the distribution of labels significantly impacts the model’s performance when using support vector regression and Gaussian regression. Neural network is relatively robust to the distribution of labeled data. Moreover, the datasets also influence model performance but are not as significant as the label distribution.
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Tsiakis, Theodosios, Eleni Anagnostou, Giuseppe Granata, and Vasiliki Manakou. "Communicating Terroir through Wine Label Toponymy Greek Wineries Practice." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (December 1, 2022): 16067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316067.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For the majority of consumers, the label is the primary motivation for wine purchases. Ιt appears from the literature that consumer behavior is influenced by the variety of information on the label, which captures with simplicity and clarity, the key information that the potential buyer needs to know. History, place, variety, name, and figure, are some of the basic elements that form the wine label and have the potential to profoundly affect consumer engagement with bottled wine. What do Greek Wineries wish to communicate through their wine labels? Historical concepts, identity, or quality? Could soft power and place branding be suitable factors to help transfer this message and achieve wishful feedback to the consumer’s awareness? A case study is presented, according to which Greek producers select three fundamental cues: toponymy, name description, justification of the name choice and language. Driven by this case study, the paper intends to open a discussion about the implementation of theories such as soft power and sense of place by wine industries on a global level in combination with the importance of the toponymy, not only on the labeling but also on other communicational aspects.
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Panopoulos, Anastasios, Athanasios Poulis, Prokopis Theodoridis, and Antonios Kalampakas. "Influencing Green Purchase Intention through Eco Labels and User-Generated Content." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010764.
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The purpose of the study is to investigate how environmental concern, eco-labelling, influencers and user-generated content affect Generation Z’s green purchase intention. The objective of this study is to contribute with a new scope that combines influencers and user-generated content on digital platforms with environmental concern for Generation Z. The study also aims to add new value in predicting Generation Z’s green purchase intention and results that can be implemented in future marketing strategies. To test the framework, a quantitative research approach, with an online survey, was applied to collect data from Generation Z. The sample size consisted of 393 individuals from Generation Z. Structural Equation Modelling was applied to test the hypothesized framework. All hypotheses were accepted, and hence, this research has identified key variables to predict Generation Z’s green purchase intention. Additionally, this paper found that environmental concern has a significant positive impact on Generation Z’s user-generated content and eco-labelling, and influencers positively affect Generation Z’s user-generated content. This study can aid companies that employ an influencer marketing approach to comprehend how they can motivate customers to buy sustainable products more frequently. This study provides crucial and valuable insights into further understanding how the sustainable consumption behavior of Generation Z can be impacted by the utilization of influencer marketing and their concern for the environment. It also provides a deeper understanding of how influencers and their perceived concerns for the environment can be combined with user-generated content and eco-labelling, as well as subsequent effects on the green purchase intention of members of Generation Z.
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Ivari, N. E., M. Wachowicz, P. A. H. Williams, and T. Agnew. "DISCOVERING CLUSTERING PATTERNS FROM E-COUNTER DATA STREAMS." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences X-4/W3-2022 (October 14, 2022): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-x-4-w3-2022-81-2022.
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Abstract. Clustering data streams has gained popularity in recent years due to their potential of generating relevant information for planning building automation, evaluating energy efficiency scenarios, and simulating emergency protocols in indoor spaces. In this paper, a Data Stream Affinity Propagation (DSAP) clustering algorithm is proposed for analyzing indoor localization data generated from e-counters systems. The data streams are a sequence of potentially infinite and non-stationary data points, arriving continuously where random access to the data is not feasible and storing all the arriving data is impractical. The DSAP model is developed based on a two-phase approach (i.e., online and offline clustering phases) using the landmark time window model. It is non-parametric in the sense of not requiring any prior knowledge about the number of clusters and their respective labels. The validation and performance of the DSAP model is evaluated using real-world data streams from a behavioural experiment aimed at finding new spatio-temporal patterns in stair usage due to an educational intervention campaign.
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Dressler, Marc, and Ivan Paunovic. "The Value of Consistency: Portfolio Labeling Strategies and Impact on Winery Brand Equity." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 1400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031400.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The reported research examines the impact of product portfolio labeling strategies on brand reputation and equity. A netnographic approach allowed to observe winery portfolio labeling approaches and create a typology of winery labeling strategies. Expert evaluation served to assess the dependent variable brand equity by deploying a regression analysis. For the observed wine industry, being part of the food industry, creating consistent and recognizable brands has a direct relevance for reducing (sustainability-related) food information overload and thereby building sustainable brand equity. The results uncover the relative importance of each of the six identified labeling strategies as well as their impact on reputation and brand equity creation. The results point to the need to establish a consistent, strategically founded product communication. Such an approach, with a positive effect on reputation building can serve to build sustainable brand equity. “Stuck in the middle”-type strategies apparently diminish winery brand equity exploitation. The findings contribute to the knowledge on food labels in product communication strategies and their impact on organizational brand equity, thereby having high relevance for the implementation of environmental certification initiatives in an organizational context. The article deploys a novel research approach in an under-researched area to provide new insights for further research as well as implications for practice.
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Buyukdemircioglu, M., R. Can, and S. Kocaman. "DEEP LEARNING BASED ROOF TYPE CLASSIFICATION USING VERY HIGH RESOLUTION AERIAL IMAGERY." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2021 (June 28, 2021): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2021-55-2021.
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Abstract. Automatic detection, segmentation and reconstruction of buildings in urban areas from Earth Observation (EO) data are still challenging for many researchers. Roof is one of the most important element in a building model. The three-dimensional geographical information system (3D GIS) applications generally require the roof type and roof geometry for performing various analyses on the models, such as energy efficiency. The conventional segmentation and classification methods are often based on features like corners, edges and line segments. In parallel to the developments in computer hardware and artificial intelligence (AI) methods including deep learning (DL), image features can be extracted automatically. As a DL technique, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can also be used for image classification tasks, but require large amount of high quality training data for obtaining accurate results. The main aim of this study was to generate a roof type dataset from very high-resolution (10 cm) orthophotos of Cesme, Turkey, and to classify the roof types using a shallow CNN architecture. The training dataset consists 10,000 roof images and their labels. Six roof type classes such as flat, hip, half-hip, gable, pyramid and complex roofs were used for the classification in the study area. The prediction performance of the shallow CNN model used here was compared with the results obtained from the fine-tuning of three well-known pre-trained networks, i.e. VGG-16, EfficientNetB4, ResNet-50. The results show that although our CNN has slightly lower performance expressed with the overall accuracy, it is still acceptable for many applications using sparse data.
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Aggarwal, Sonam, Sheifali Gupta, Deepali Gupta, Yonis Gulzar, Sapna Juneja, Ali A. Alwan, and Ali Nauman. "An Artificial Intelligence-Based Stacked Ensemble Approach for Prediction of Protein Subcellular Localization in Confocal Microscopy Images." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 1695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021695.
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Predicting subcellular protein localization has become a popular topic due to its utility in understanding disease mechanisms and developing innovative drugs. With the rapid advancement of automated microscopic imaging technology, approaches using bio-images for protein subcellular localization have gained a lot of interest. The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) project is a macro-initiative that aims to map the human proteome utilizing antibody-based proteomics and related c. Millions of images have been tagged with single or multiple labels in the HPA database. However, fewer techniques for predicting the location of proteins have been devised, with the majority of them relying on automatic single-label classification. As a result, there is a need for an automatic and sustainable system capable of multi-label classification of the HPA database. Deep learning presents a potential option for automatic labeling of protein’s subcellular localization, given the vast image number generated by high-content microscopy and the fact that manual labeling is both time-consuming and error-prone. Hence, this research aims to use an ensemble technique for the improvement in the performance of existing state-of-art convolutional neural networks and pretrained models were applied; finally, a stacked ensemble-based deep learning model was presented, which delivers a more reliable and robust classifier. The F1-score, precision, and recall have been used for the evaluation of the proposed model’s efficiency. In addition, a comparison of existing deep learning approaches has been conducted with respect to the proposed method. The results show the proposed ensemble strategy performed exponentially well on the multi-label classification of Human Protein Atlas images, with recall, precision, and F1-score of 0.70, 0.72, and 0.71, respectively.
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Woś, Karolina, Lisa Marie Borghoff, Andrijana Horvat, Flavio Paoletti, Eleonora Saggia Civitelli, and Ewa Rembiałkowska. "Preliminary Analysis of Voluntary Information on Organic Milk Labels in Four European Union Countries." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 16901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416901.
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The concern for the environment among European consumers is growing and in the future the need for sustainable shopping is expected to increase. Through transparent on-packaging communication with consumers, organic producers have the opportunity to show attributes of organic production system and build a strong market position. The aim of the study was to analyse voluntary packaging information on organic milk from four European markets in the context of organic food quality, i.e., Germany, the Netherlands, Italy and Poland. More specifically, the textual content of 106 organic milk packages was analysed and voluntary information on each package was categorized according to process- and product-related organic milk attributes. The assortment and content of voluntary packaging information varied across the four countries. The largest number of products was found on the German market (37) and the smallest on the Polish market (14). Dutch milk had the greatest amount of voluntary information on animal welfare, product locality, environmental protection, quality confirmation, naturalness and nutritional value. German milk had the most information on enjoyment and conditions of processing, while the Italian milk on the social perspective. The products available on the Polish market had the least voluntary information. Pasteurized organic milk had noticeably more information about organic quality attributes than micro filtrated and UHT milk.
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Fujisawa, Mieko, Kazuhisa Takemura, Yukihiko Funaki, Nobuyuki Uto, and Ryo Takahashi. "International Real Estate Review." International Real Estate Review 23, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 107–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100296.
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Many countries have implemented an energy labeling system that displays the energy savings performance of buildings. However, previous studies have reported mixed findings on the effectiveness of this system. This study is undertaken in Japan to assess whether energy labels are effective and validate the significance of the label design. We use an online survey to determine the effects of energy labels on target consumers. We choose two energy label designs: one with a stairs rating form design and the second with a rating scale of the energy efficiency. Adopting a within-subjects method, each respondent is shown both designs and asked to evaluate the energy-saving level based on the labels. Cross-tabulation confirms the positive effects of labeling on energy-savings levels, which are amplified by increasing the level of the reference point. The highest insulation performance level in Japan complies with a law enacted back in 1993; the results show that greater effects can be realized by increasing the level of the reference point. A logistic regression analysis shows that energy labels with the stairs rating have a negative influence, while labels with a rating scale are preferred based on ease of understanding by the respondents. This suggests that energy labels that offer a rating scale can contribute to facilitating energy savings, although there are problems with the comprehension of the gradation colors which need to be further examined. These results can act as a guideline towards optimal designs of the upcoming task of modifying the energy labeling system in Japan.
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Hanushchak-Yefimenko, Liudmyla. "ENERGY CERTIFICATION AND ENERGY AUDIT OF HIGHER EDUCATION AS A METHODOLOGICAL TOOL TO IMPROVE THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF THE UNIVERSITY." Management 34, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2415-3206.2021.2.2.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES. Improving the energy performance of buildings is one of the least expensive ways to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Building energy performance certification increases public knowledge about energy conservation and allows consumers and other decision makers to compare buildings based on their lifetime performance. In addition, energy performance certifications are an incentive for owners to improve the efficiency of existing buildings.METHODS. It is proposed to use in the process of energy certification and energy audit of university buildings collection and evaluation of basic information (including information about local climate, method of use, value of thermal conductivity coefficient and building envelope area, orientation) to determine the level of energy efficiency of the building on a generally accepted scale. In the Certificate of energy efficiency to take into account the calculated results from the assessment of the energy performance of the building.FINDINGS. It is suggested that the results of the energy certification of university buildings be presented in a simple, clear form, to ensure clarity, ease of use and comparability. For the energy certification of university buildings, a comparative labeling from A to G is proposed for use. The scale, on which the current national building standard is at "C," provides ample room for improving the rating of both new and existing buildings. If necessary, the scale should be expanded to add a label such as A1, A2, or A+, A++ when it comes to high-performance buildings.CONCLUSION. Accurate and reliable energy performance certification is a necessary foundation that will help ensure consumer confidence and the success of the certification program. The certification program must be clearly coordinated to ensure a smooth transition of the construction industry to the new rules.
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Wedding, G. Christopher, and Douglas Crawford-Brown. "Improving the Link Between the LEED Green Building Label and a Building's Energy-Related Environmental Metrics." Journal of Green Building 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2008): 85–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.3.2.85.
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The US Green Building Council's (USGBC) Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) green building rating program has grown from a little known tool for market change to a label and brand relied upon by many of the largest players in real estate. It now serves as an indicator of sustainability and an instrument for environmental management. While LEED-certified buildings tend to offer greater environmental benefits than their conventional counterparts, research and experience shows that the variation in and magnitude of these benefits varies, even among buildings of the same LEED certification level. In light of growing concerns about “greenwashing” and the liability associated with questionable environmental declarations, it is important to ensure that users of LEED and similar certification programs receive a set of benefits comparable to those expected. With a focus on energy-related issues, this research (1) highlights evidence of the inconsistency between the expected and actual benefits of LEED buildings, (2) suggests revisions to LEED's Energy & Atmosphere (EA) section to reduce the variation and magnitude in the energy-related environmental impacts from LEED buildings, (3) quantifies this reduction in variation and magnitude of impacts using Monte Carlo analyses and probabilistic models created specifically for this research, (4) compares carbon dioxide emissions from LEED buildings to the Architecture 2030 Challenge goals and (5) quantifies the importance of scoring LEED buildings on a per capita normalized basis. This research is a follow-up piece to the authors' previous work published in the Journal of Green Building (Wedding and Crawford-Brown 2007).
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Verma, V. K., S. Bram, I. Vandendael, P. Laha, A. Hubin, and J. De Ruyck. "Residential pellet boilers in Belgium: Standard laboratory and real life performance with respect to European standard and quality labels." Applied Energy 88, no. 8 (August 2011): 2628–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.02.004.
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Duckworth, Jay J., Mark Randle, Lauren S. McGale, Andrew Jones, Bob Doherty, Jason C. G. Halford, and Paul Christiansen. "Do front-of-pack ‘green labels’ increase sustainable food choice and willingness-to-pay in U.K. consumers?" Journal of Cleaner Production 371 (October 2022): 133466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133466.
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Fuentes-Bargues, José Luis, José-Luis Vivancos, Pablo Ferrer-Gisbert, and Miguel Ángel Gimeno-Guillem. "Analysis of the Impact of Different Variables on the Energy Demand in Office Buildings." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (July 1, 2020): 5347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135347.
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The design of near zero energy offices is a priority, which involves looking to achieve designs which minimise energy consumption and balance energy requirements with an increase in the installation and consumption of renewable energy. In light of this, some authors have used computer software to achieve simulations of the energy behaviour of buildings. Other studies based on regulatory systems which classify and label energy use also generally make their assessments through the use of software. In Spain, there is an authorised procedure for certifying the energy performance of buildings, and software (LIDER-CALENER unified tool) which is used to demonstrate compliance of the performance of buildings both from the point of view of energy demand and energy consumption. The aim of this study is to analyse the energy behaviour of an office building and the variability of the same using the software in terms of the following variables: climate zone, building orientation and certain surrounding wall types and encasements typical of this type of construction.
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Ponce, Pedro, Citlaly Pérez, Aminah Robinson Fayek, and Arturo Molina. "Solar Energy Implementation in Manufacturing Industry Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Fuzzy TOPSIS and S4 Framework." Energies 15, no. 23 (November 23, 2022): 8838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15238838.
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The demand for electrical energy has increased since the population of and automation in factories have grown. The manufacturing industry has been growing dramatically due to the fast-changing market, so electrical energy for manufacturing processes has increased. As a result, solar energy has been installed to supply electrical energy. Thus, assessing a solar panel company could be a complex task for manufacturing companies that need to assess, install, and operate solar panels when several criteria with different hierarchies from decision-makers are involved. In addition, the stages of a solar panel system could be divided into analysis, installation, operation, and disposal, and all of them must be considered. Thus, the solar panel company must provide a holistic solution for each stage of the solar panel lifespan. This paper provides a fuzzy decision-making approach (Fuzzy TOPSIS) to deal with the assessment of solar companies using the S4 framework in which the sensing, smart, sustainable, and social features are labeled with linguistic values that allow the evaluation of companies using fuzzy values and linguistic labels, instead of using crisp values that are difficult to define when decision-makers are evaluating a solar company for installation of the solar panels. The S4 features are considered the benefits of the evaluation. In the case study presented, three solar panel companies with different alternatives are evaluated on the basis of three decision-makers from manufacturing companies using the S4 framework. This paper considers the benefits of solar companies in the context of decision-makers participating in a multi-decision selection of such a company to install solar panels, so that the selection process is more effective. Thus, the proposed Fuzzy TOPSIS method proved efficient when selecting a solar panel company from among many options that best meets the needs of manufacturing companies.
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Cavagnero, Sara, and Simona Giordano. "Sui Generis Geographical Indications Fostering Localized Sustainable Fashion: A Cross-Industry Assessment." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 5251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095251.
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As interest in sustainable fashion and localism mounts, there is a compelling need to foster purchasers’ trust in claims made by fashion businesses. Geographical indications (GIs) have proven successful not only in reducing consumers’ search costs through reliable labels but also in safeguarding identity and heritage and delivering added value for agricultural products. Building on the EU Commission proposed Regulation to protect craft and industrial products that rely on the originality and authenticity of traditional practices from their regions and drawing on the “fiber follows food” adage, this paper puts forward policy recommendations related to the proposed expansion of GIs to the fashion industry. Through cross-sector and transdisciplinary explorative research, this article provides evidence on how the origin link could be framed to accommodate apparel and footwear items within the scope of protection of the EU sui generis GIs system despite their “non-terroir” character. Key drivers and barriers to harnessing GIs’ potential and enhancing the sustainability of localized fashion production are further explored based on the theoretical insights and comparative practical experience extrapolated from qualitative interviews with GI-protected winemakers in Apulia. Ultimately, the paper increases the understanding of the economic, ecological, social, and governance implications, which need to be addressed to improve the sustainability impact of sui generis GI systems before expanding them to the apparel and footwear domain.
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Askadskii, Andrey A., Sergey V. Matseevich, and Tat’yana A. Matseevich. "Selection of structural elements of cross-linked polymers used in construction." Vestnik MGSU, no. 3 (March 2021): 347–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2021.3.347-359.
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Introduction. For the first time, a model and a principle for constructing an appropriate computer program for the selection of polymer networks with a given interval of a number of physical characteristics are proposed. These characteristics include density, the temperature of the onset of intense thermal degradation, thermal conductivity, water permeability, and the stress-optical coefficient. As an example, 16 smallest base fragments are given, which, when attached to each other, allow the selection of structural fragments of repeating fragments of polymers of the following classes: polyolefins, vinyl polymers, polystyrene, polyamides, polyethers and polyesters, polycarbonates, polyetherketones, polyimides, polysulfides, polysulfones, silicone polymers, polyurethanes, cellulose derivatives, methacrylic polymers, etc. The purpose of the study is to develop a model for writing a computer program that allows the selection of structural fragments of network polymers possessing specified intervals of physical characteristics. For polymers used in the construction industry, the most important are the glass transition temperature, the stress-optical coefficient, density, water permeability, and thermal conductivity.
Materials and methods. A repeating fragment of the network is selected from the smallest basic fragments, which are connected to each other using a control matrix of interactions. The matrix contains labels that allow you to control the interaction of carbon with three carbon atoms, with a carbon atom and two nitrogen atoms, with two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom, with two carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom, with four carbon atoms. There are also labels that control the interaction of carbon atoms included in the aromatic cycles with two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom, with four carbon atoms, with four nitrogen atoms, with two carbon atoms and one sulfur atom, and three oxygen atoms. This makes it possible to select a huge amount of cross-linked polymer.
Results. As an example, the possible chemical structure of 14 cross-linked nodes of the polymer network is presented and the corresponding calculations are carried out, showing the adequacy of the model and the principle of constructing a computer program. The structures of the five cross-linked nodes of polymer network were used and the following physical characteristics of the resulting networks were calculated: density, the temperature of the onset of intense thermal degradation, water permeability, thermal conductivity, and the stress-optical coefficient. All these characteristics are important for the manufacture of building materials.
Conclusions. The results of the work allow us to write a real computer program for the selection of repeating fragments of polymer networks that have a given interval of a number of important physical characteristics of network polymers. Among these characteristics are not only those listed above, but also other characteristics, such as glass transition temperature, Hildebrand solubility parameter, surface energy, heat capacity, intermolecular interaction energy, permittivity, etc.
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Walsdorf-Maul, Manuela, Laura Dommack, and Michael Schneider. "Investigation of the BNB Building Certification for the Further Development of the Energy Performance Certificate." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012233.
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Abstract In this study, a life cycle oriented planning of buildings is proposed to support future building developers and planners in making environmentally sound decisions on the basis of comprehensive information. The study, in which the building certification BNB (Bewertungssystem Nachhaltiges Bauen, or “Assessment System for Sustainable Building”) is carried out on the example of an office building, is applicable to German-speaking countries. In addition to meeting the requirements of the 2020 German Energy Act for Buildings (GebäudeEnergieGesetz, GEG), the aim is to optimize the building with regard to sustainability criteria of the BNB by revising and expanding the existing planning so that the “gold” quality label can eventually be achieved. The biggest influence on this optimization process is, among other things, the life cycle costs, the adaptability of the building, the primary energy demand as well as the technical quality. Based on these findings, this research paper details the further development of the energy performance certificate, before in a final step the building assessment can be graphically presented with regard to both aspects – energy efficiency (final energy) and sustainability (in terms of ecological, economic, socio-cultural, functional and technical quality, process quality and location characteristics) – from the production phase through the usage phase up to the disposal phase.