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1
Yu, Sha, Qing Tan, Meredydd Evans, Page Kyle, Linh Vu, and Pralit L. Patel. "Improving building energy efficiency in India: State-level analysis of building energy efficiency policies." Energy Policy 110 (November 2017): 331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.07.013.
Повний текст джерела
2
Jedinák, Richard. "Energy Efficiency of Building Envelopes." Advanced Materials Research 855 (December 2013): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.855.39.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Energy efficiency of buildings is one of the basic requirements of current architectural engineering. The new recast of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) calls for all new buildings to be nearly zero energy buildings by the end of 2020. To achieve this target is quite challenging. Nowadays some of the buildings that are realized are reaching these objectives. The current market is able to offer a wide range of thermal systems and thermal insulation materials themselves and the right choice of thermal system or thermal insulation material is a difficult task. Considering the significant impact that energy consumption has, is particularly important to implement policies aimed at improving energy efficiency in buildings. Highly energy efficient buildings can either save primary energy or disseminate the use of the most suitable technologies to be used in new constructions. The building may be considered as an example to study and optimize the benefits of higher energy efficiency together with the use of renewable energy systems. This article is going to discuss the characteristics of these solutions, trends in their research and development and their conceptual bases.
3
Eriksson, Petra, Vlatko Milić, and Tor Brostrom. "Balancing preservation and energy efficiency in building stocks." International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation 38, no. 2 (October 29, 2019): 356–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbpa-02-2019-0025.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose Energy use in buildings needs to be reduced to meet political goals; however, reducing energy use can conflict with heritage preservation objectives. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a method that combines quantitative and qualitative analyses of the potential of energy savings in an historic building stock. Specifically, this study examines how requirements of historic building preservation affect the energy saving potential on a building stock level. Design/methodology/approach Using the World Heritage Town of Visby, Sweden as a case study, this paper illustrates a step-by-step method as a basis for implementing energy savings techniques in an historic building stock. The method contains the following steps: categorisation of a building stock, definition of restriction levels for energy renovation scenarios and life cycle costs optimisation of energy measures in archetype buildings representing the building stock. Finally, this study analyses how different energy renovation strategies will impact heritage values and energy saving potentials for different categories of buildings. Findings The outcome of the study is twofold: first, the method has been tested and proven useful and second, the results from the application of the method have been used to formulate differentiated energy renovation strategies for the case study. Originality/value The study shows that it is possible to integrate techno-economic analysis with assessment of heritage values in a given building stock in order to facilitate a strategic discussion balancing policies and targets for energy savings with policies for the preservation of heritage values. The findings will contribute to sounder policy development and planning for historic building stocks.
4
Kok, Nils, Marquise McGraw, and John M. Quigley. "The Diffusion of Energy Efficiency in Building." American Economic Review 101, no. 3 (May 1, 2011): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.3.77.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We analyze the diffusion of buildings certified for energy efficiency across US property markets. Using a panel of 48 metropolitan areas (MSAs) observed over the last 15 years, we model the geographic patterns and dynamics of building certification, relating industry composition, changes in economic conditions, characteristics of the local commercial property market, and the presence of human capital, to the cross-sectional variation in energy-efficient building technologies and the diffusion of those technologies over time. Understanding the determinants and the rate at which energy-efficient building practices diffuse is important for designing policies to affect resource consumption in the built environment.
5
Mafalda Matos, Ana, João M. P. Q. Delgado, and Ana Sofia Guimarães. "Linking Energy Poverty with Thermal Building Regulations and Energy Efficiency Policies in Portugal." Energies 15, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010329.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Energy-poverty (EP) must be considered an energy-related issue since buildings are a central part of people’s daily lives. Thus, it has an important role in energy-related policy implementation. Even though the European Union (EU) has endorsed general energy efficiency through the Energy Efficiency Directive and Energy Performance of Buildings Directive recast, it was the Clean Energy Package for all Europeans that clearly highlighted EP. The growing concerns with EP have also been emphasised in subsequent directives and initiatives. Despite some regulatory framework and the milder climate situation, the proportion of the population experiencing thermal discomfort in southern and eastern European countries, namely in the winter season, is relatively high, reflecting the poor thermal performance of building stock, low family incomes and high energy prices, among others. The current work analysed the EP evolution in Portugal in the EU context, and the Thermal Building Regulations and Energy Efficiency Policies developed, aiming to add insight into the effectiveness of those policies concerning EP mitigation in Portugal as an EU Member state. Moreover, a critical debate on the potential to lower the EP Portuguese situation was also an objective to pursue. It is plausible to admit that reducing EP by acting on residential building stock, namely through the increase of energy efficiency and comfort, plays a key role in improving the living conditions, namely of vulnerable households and deprived areas. This will also decrease energy consumption and dependence while further promoting a smarter, sustainable and inclusive society, contributing to economic growth.
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Zhang, Yurong, and Yuanfeng Wang. "Barriers' and policies' analysis of China's building energy efficiency." Energy Policy 62 (November 2013): 768–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.06.128.
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Economidou, Marina, Paolo Zangheri, Andreas Müller, and Lukas Kranzl. "Financing the Renovation of the Cypriot Building Stock: An Assessment of the Energy Saving Potential of Different Policy Scenarios Based on the Invert/EE-Lab Model." Energies 11, no. 11 (November 7, 2018): 3071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113071.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite various government policies promoting energy efficiency in buildings over the last 15 years, Cyprus is still associated with a large untapped energy efficiency potential in this sector. The impact of different policy scenarios on future energy needs of the building sector in Cyprus is explored by first reviewing the current status of the building stock in Cyprus and existing national landscape of energy efficiency policies. Various new policies are then proposed to complement the existing framework and help exploit further the potential. Using the Invert/EE-Lab model, three policy scenarios extending to 2050 are assessed with the aim to estimate the energy efficiency potential of the Cypriot building sector and identify policy solutions to harness this potential. The energy consumed for heating, cooling, hot water, and lighting in the entire Cypriot building stock is expected to drop by up to 16% in 2050 compared to the baseline scenario. Under the most ambitious scenario, nearly 60% of the building stock in 2050 will be energy efficient, consuming less than half of the energy used by the average building stock in 2012. Taking into account the modelling results, recommendations on how to improve the financial landscape in buildings until 2050 are presented.
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Yang, Jie, and Cong Xu. "Rethinking Incentive Policy for Building Energy Efficiency." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.195.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nowadays in the process of formulating and implementing laws or regulations in our country, the existing problem is a lack of an effective mechanism. From incentive policies for building energy efficiency, we can choose economic levers and policy instruments, such as price, tax, financial subsidy, interest rate and so on. The article puts forward suggestion in principle and ensures the development road is applicable to ordinary people, suitable for the sustainable utilization of energy and the harmonious development of society.
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Geissler, Susanne, Doris Österreicher, and Ene Macharm. "Transition towards Energy Efficiency: Developing the Nigerian Building Energy Efficiency Code." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (July 26, 2018): 2620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082620.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Nigeria, there is an estimated deficit of 17 million housing units. Power supply is insufficient, and the electricity supply for about 60 million Nigerians relies on private generators, causing noise, pollution, and high expenditures for mainly imported fuel. Altogether, current challenges clearly demonstrate the need for effective energy efficiency policies targeting also the building sector. The Nigerian Energy Support Program began in 2013, among others, with the objective being to support the Nigerian Government in developing the Nigerian Building Energy Efficiency Code. This paper presents two preparatory activities carried out in order to come up with suggestions for a legal framework well suited for the situation on the ground: the Case Study Building Analysis carried out in collaboration with a Nigerian developer and the Nigerian Building Energy Efficiency Guideline, elaborated together with stakeholders. The results of preparatory activities pointed out that the code must put emphasis on climate adaptive design and must define requirements and procedures in a clear and simple way to allow for effective enforcement. Only then can energy-efficient mass housing be feasible in Nigeria. The paper concludes with a description of the Nigerian Building Energy Efficiency Code (BEEC), officially approved and launched by the Federal Minister of Power, Works and Housing on 29 August 2017.
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Kang, Jae Sik, Ji Hye Lim, Gyeong Seok Choi, and Seung Eon Lee. "Building Policies for Energy Efficiency and the Development of a Zero-Energy Building Envelopment System in Korea." Advanced Materials Research 689 (May 2013): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.689.35.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, the status of South Korea's policy (i.e., major support measures and energy performance standards) for the achievement of zero-energy buildings was investigated. Development of a high-performance envelopment system and its performance were also analyzed. The South Korean government has been proclaiming and enacting standards and ordinances related to green buildings since 1999. In 2008, it announced more specific and detailed regulations based on the Framework Act on Green Growth, which presents annual greenhouse gas emission reduction goals and mandates the realization of zero-energy buildings by 2025. To meet these legal standards and achieve the country’s energy-saving goals, the high-performance building envelop system was developed. The insulation performance of this system turned out to be equal or higher than the insulation performance standards for passive houses. It is expected that the use of the high-performance envelop system and renewable energy will contribute to realizing the nation's goal of mandatory application of zero-energy apartment houses.
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Nindartin, Acinia, Hee-Woon Moon, Sang-Jun Park, Kyung-Tae Lee, Jin-Bin Im, and Ju-Hyung Kim. "Influencing of the Building Energy Policies upon the Efficiency of Energy Consumption: The Case of Courthouse Buildings in South Korea." Energies 15, no. 18 (September 13, 2022): 6679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15186679.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As Korea has declared to realize a net-zero emission by 2050 in the Paris Agreement, the country has begun to implement national energy efficiency policies through the Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design (G-SEED) certification and revision of building insulation thickness standard. However, some studies have reported the ineffectiveness of G-SEED certification and insulation thickness standard in reducing the energy consumption in certain buildings. Therefore, this study investigated the effectiveness of G-SEED certification and the revision of buildings’ insulation thickness standard, and evaluated the energy consumption of courthouse buildings. In addition, this study investigated the total annual energy consumption (electricity, gas, and heating energy) per gross floor area of courthouse buildings located in the central and southern regions of South Korea. Although many studies about the energy consumption analysis of non-residential buildings have been performed previously, a study evaluating the effectiveness of green certification and building insulation thickness standard on the energy consumption of courthouse buildings was performed for the first time. The results revealed that the revision of building insulation thickness standard and G-SEED certification resulted in an energy consumption efficiency of 34.61 and 31.14%, respectively. These results indicated the effectiveness of G-SEED certification and the revision of the building insulation thickness standard for enhancing energy efficiency in Korean courthouse buildings. However, some negative results were observed in the southern area, indicating that it is essential to increase the effectiveness of the building insulation thickness standard and G-SEED certification implementation.
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Lee, Chyi Lin, Nicholas Gumulya, and Mustapha Bangura. "The Role of Mandatory Building Efficiency Disclosure on Green Building Price Premium: Evidence from Australia." Buildings 12, no. 3 (March 3, 2022): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12030297.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Extensive studies have examined the financial performance of green buildings in recent years. The results have frequently observed that the premium of green buildings is time-varying and dependent on the study period and markets being examined. Further, virtually no dedicated study has been devoted to examine the role of mandatory building energy rating disclosure policies on green building price premium. This raises the question of whether the mandatory energy rating disclosure policies would have an influence on the financial performance of green buildings. This study assesses the premium of green buildings by considering the role of mandatory energy efficiency of commercial building disclosure program (CBDP) using the MCSI/IPD NABERS data over 2005–2020. The results of the study showed that, in Australia, buildings with NABERS rating of 4 stars and above delivered a higher total return compared with buildings with lower NABERS ratings. This also supports the Freeman’s (1984) social impact hypothesis in which favorable social performance will ultimately lead to favorable financial performance. In addition, our empirical modelling results also demonstrated the premium of green buildings is stronger since the launch of CBDP, reflecting the importance of mandatory building efficiency disclosure. The policy implications of our studies have also been discussed as buildings play a crucial role in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly net-zero carbon emissions.
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Best, Benjamin, Johannes Thema, Carina Zell-Ziegler, Frauke Wiese, Jonathan Barth, Stephan Breidenbach, Leonardo Nascimento, and Henry Wilke. "Building a database for energy sufficiency policies." F1000Research 11 (July 4, 2022): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.108822.2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sufficiency measures are potentially decisive for the decarbonisation of energy systems but rarely considered in energy policy and modelling. Just as efficiency and renewable energies, the diffusion of demand-side solutions to climate change also relies on policy-making. Our extensive literature review of European and national sufficiency policies fills a gap in existing databases. We present almost 300 policy instruments clustered into relevant categories and publish them as "Energy Sufficiency Policy Database". This paper provides a description of the data clustering, the set-up of the database and an analysis of the policy instruments. A key insight is that sufficiency policy includes much more than bans of products or information tools leaving the responsibility to individuals. It is a comprehensive instrument mix of all policy types, not only enabling sufficiency action, but also reducing currently existing barriers. A policy database can serve as a good starting point for policy recommendations and modelling, further research is needed on barriers and demand-reduction potentials of sufficiency policy instruments.
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Best, Benjamin, Johannes Thema, Carina Zell-Ziegler, Frauke Wiese, Jonathan Barth, Stephan Breidenbach, Leonardo Nascimento, and Henry Wilke. "Building a database for energy sufficiency policies." F1000Research 11 (February 24, 2022): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.108822.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sufficiency measures are potentially decisive for the decarbonisation of energy systems but rarely considered in energy policy and modelling. Just as efficiency and renewable energies, the diffusion of demand-side solutions to climate change also relies on policy-making. Our extensive literature review of European and national sufficiency policies fills a gap in existing databases. We present almost 300 policy instruments clustered into relevant categories and publish them as "Energy Sufficiency Policy Database". This paper provides a description of the data clustering, the set-up of the database and an analysis of the policy instruments. A key insight is that sufficiency policy includes much more than bans of products or information tools leaving the responsibility to individuals. It is a comprehensive instrument mix of all policy types, not only enabling sufficiency action, but also reducing currently existing barriers. A policy database can serve as a good starting point for policy recommendations and modelling, further research is needed on barriers and demand-reduction potentials of sufficiency policy instruments.
15
Aliagha, Godwin U., Alfred P. T. Goh, Mat Naim Abdullah, Nadzri M. Jaafar, and Stephen E. Eluwa. "Investigating Skill Gaps in Green Building Skills for Energy Efficiency." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 1282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.1282.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Shortage of green skills has become a major constraint to energy efficient building programs and policies of Malaysia and many Asian countries. Yet, studies aimed at green skills are rare. Relying on an online survey of 99 professionals accredited by the Malaysian Green Building Index (GBI) this study seeks to: [1] identify the necessary green skills required for design and delivery of energy efficient building; and [2] identify and capture areas of skill gaps based on available and future green skills needs. Our preliminary result reveals that generally, available energy efficient green skills in Malaysia are below average. The highest skill gaps were found to be in the areas of energy efficiency maintenance for HVAC system, competence in use of diagnostic tools to measure building energy efficiency, carbon storage and capture in buildings and competency of architects/ builders in passive designs and installation.
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Kim, Jeong Tai, and Chuck Wah Francis Yu. "Sustainable development and requirements for energy efficiency in buildings – The Korean perspectives." Indoor and Built Environment 27, no. 6 (March 22, 2018): 734–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x18764618.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of developments in Korea in relation to its energy consumption and sustainable development policies and progress in achieving its energy targets as given by the Building Energy Codes. Building insulation and passive building technologies are also reviewed for achieving passive house standards by 2017 and zero-energy or near zero-energy buildings (nZEB) by 2025 in Korea, and to identify strategies to further reduce usage of primary energy and to achieve energy efficiency targets. A defining feature of a sustainable building is its ability to reduce significantly its environmental impacts and its embodied energy and greenhouse gas emissions over its whole life, including use of natural resources and releases of pollutants, to promote reuse and recycling of materials and sustainable development of buildings whilst ensuring the building satisfy the indoor environmental quality requirements for occupants. Passive technologies include the use of natural ventilation, energy storage such as using phase change materials (PCM) and high thermal mass structure, high energy efficiency windows and lighting and maximizing daylighting and use of renewable energy technologies. Technologies for refurbishment of building envelopes, windows and ventilation systems are reviewed to improve and upgrade the energy efficiency of existing buildings as well as focusing on new builds. The various options for heating, ventilating, cooling and air-conditioning of buildings are also discussed. Green Buildings and Energy Efficiency Labels and Standards should have a pertinent role to affect energy efficiency measures in building developments.
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Afida Jemat, Salman Yussof, Sera Syarmila Sameon, Hazleen Aris, Azimah Abdul Ghapar, and Surizal Nazeri. "Energy Efficiency Improvement and Strategies in Malaysian Office Buildings (Tropical Climate): A Review." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 29, no. 2 (January 31, 2023): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.29.2.7280.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Buildings are one of the highest energy consumption contributors in the construction sector in Malaysia. Some parameters are acknowledged as the factors that influence the efficiency of building energy, including climate conditions, location and type of buildings. Optimizing the energy efficiency of buildings is a more economical strategy to reduce energy consumption, especially for tropical climates, and Malaysia naturally has plenty of sunlight and consistency throughout the year. Therefore, this paper discusses Malaysia different building designs and policies to improve energy consumption and efficiency of office buildings in Malaysia. In addition, the limitations encountered and the initiatives implemented by the Malaysian government in improving energy usage in the office building are also included. This review is expected to provide a framework and explanation that can be used as a guide to identify which approach is most appropriate to help optimize energy efficiency for buildings in developing and tropical countries such as Malaysia.
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Liang, Xin, Geoffrey Qiping Shen, and Li Guo. "Optimizing Incentive Policy of Energy-Efficiency Retrofit in Public Buildings: A Principal-Agent Model." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 22, 2019): 3442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123442.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The building sector consumes most energy in the world, especially public buildings, which normally have high energy-use intensity. This phenomenon indicates that the energy-efficiency retrofit (EER) for public buildings is essential for energy saving. Incentive policies have been emphasized by governments in recent years, but their effectiveness has not been sufficient. A major reason is agency problems in EER and that the government and building owners have asymmetric information. Furthermore, most policies apply identical standard to existing buildings of different types, resulting in resistance from owners and tenants. To mitigate this issue, this study proposes a principal–agent model to optimize incentive policy in EER. The proposed model defines two pairs of principal–agent relations (i.e., the government-owner and owner-tenant) and models their behaviors under different scenarios as per principal–agent theory. The results indicate the optimal incentive policies for different scenarios. In addition, critical factors of policy making, such as cost, risk, uncertainty, and benefit distribution are discussed. This study has implications for policy that will benefit policy makers, particularly in promoting EER by mitigating the agency problem found for the different scenarios.
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Umereshova, S. G. "CONSTRUCTION OF BIG MOST IMPORTANT BUILDINGS WITH FRAMEWORK SYSTEM." Bulletin of Kazakh Leading Academy of Architecture and Construction 84, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 322–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51488/1680-080x/2022.2-35.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Buildings with a large runway on the basis of frame-beam systems are often used for assembly and repair of aircraft and shipbuilding, as well as sports facilities and exhibition pavilions. Improving energy efficiency in new buildings is of particular importance and should be at the center of building energy efficiency policies.
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Silvero, Fabiana, Fernanda Rodrigues, and Sergio Montelpare. "Energy Efficiency Policies to Face Buildings’ Climate Change Effects in Paraguay." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (June 8, 2020): 3979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113979.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nowadays, the importance of implementing energy efficiency (EE) measures is growing significantly worldwide, based on its potential to reduce energy demands and mitigate climate change effects. Paraguay is a developing country with the highest per capita hydroelectric energy generation in the world, but only 18% of local consumption is hydroelectric and 41% of its energy matrix corresponds to oil products. This paper aims to analyse the importance the Country places on EE as a strategy towards sustainable development and to highlight as EE is an effective pathway to mitigate the climate changes and contrast their effects. The authors initially provide an insight into the climate scenarios for Paraguay and underline the effects of the climate changes on the buildings’ comfort. Subsequently, the authors provide, by resourcing a bibliographic review, a description of the Paraguayan sectors of greater energy consumption, its policies and targets set for increasing EE. Besides, the main EE projects developed by other neighbouring South American countries are analysed to show the level of development of each one in the scope of EE and to offer a reference basis of potential virtuous solutions to be adopted in Paraguay. A focus on the building sector is also made to provide a foundation for policy analyses to enhance EE in this sector. As a result of this review, evidence that EE is beginning to take part in Paraguay’s public policies was found, with the leaders becoming aware of its importance. Nevertheless, many concrete results could not be achieved as of yet and overcoming these barriers still involve a great challenge. Regarding the building sector, few advances have been noticed regarding the regulations of buildings’ thermal performance, a reason for which the National objectives set need to be more specific to achieve greater collective awareness to enforce them. Finally, key actions are recommended for Paraguay aiming to improve EE levels to face the climate change phenomenon.
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ElGohary, Amr Soliman, and Shereen Omar Khashaba. "The Challenge of Greening the Existing Residential Buildings in the Egyptian Market Base Case." Academic Research Community publication 2, no. 3 (December 18, 2018): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/archive.v2i3.355.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Existing buildings are the massive percentage of the building stock, and therefore, are the key to improving efficiency; buildings account for an enormous share of the climate change crisis, and approximately 40% of the world total energy consumption (McArthur & Jofeh, 2015).
The Egyptian stock of buildings includes about 12 million buildings. 60% of these buildings are residential. The final electricity consumption of the residential buildings in 2010 was 51370 GWh and increased in 2014 to reach 62441 GWh. Thus the share of total energy consumption was 18.8% in 2010 and increased to reach 21.55% in 2014 ("Technology Roadmap - Energy efficient building envelopes.", 2013). Therefore, the residential sector plays an important role in the mitigation of energy consumption crisis, which is expected to increase.
The research field and initiatives in Egypt on the green buildings and green buildings retrofits are rare and, if existing, are weakly applied. Unlike in developed countries, there is a large research on building retrofits, e.g., the Residential Property Assessed Clean Energy (R-PACE) program and the weatherization assistance program (WAP) of the department of energy (DOE). Both are examples of the incentives to green building initiatives globally.
This paper discusses the challenge of greening the existing residential buildings in Egypt by demonstrating an analysis of the motives and the barriers to applying green measures in the Egyptian market.
The research methodology comprises the analytical-comparative method. In the analytical part; the paper identifies the current situation of the residential sector energy consumption in Egypt, and the benefits of greening existing buildings for tenants, investors, and owners.
In the comparative part, the current situation of Egypt's Green Market Business Case is compared with the international one, discussing the challenge of greening the residential buildings. The paper summarizes the opportunities to improve the building energy efficiency, incentives, and policies that are developed to address significant financial and technical awareness to building efficiency. These policies will help enable critical market actors to make decisions to promote energy efficiency in existing buildings.
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Guo, Hong, Min Fang Su, and Xiao Jun Jin. "Study on Energy-Saving Renovation of Existing Heating Masonry-Concrete Residential Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 280 (July 2011): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.280.147.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Based on the current energy consumption situation of existing masonry-concrete residential buildings in China, it discussed the main energy-saving renovation policies and technologies. Taking existing masonry-concrete residential building of Taiyuan city as a case, it analyzed its heat loss situations, energy-saving renovation design and reconstruction technologies of building envelope. It discussed energy-saving renovation effects. Energy efficiency and indoor thermal environment improved significantly after energy-saving renovation. The building life is extended.
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Abrahamsen, Fredrik Ege, Sturla Grina Ruud, and Alemayehu Gebremedhin. "Assessing Efficiency and Environmental Performance of a Nearly Zero-Energy University Building’s Energy System in Norway." Buildings 13, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010169.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Increasing awareness of climate issues in recent decades has led to new policies on buildings’ energy consumption and energy performance. The European Union (EU) directive 2010/31/EC, i.e., the energy performance of buildings directive (EPBD), is one of the measures initiated to achieve climate and energy goals by reducing energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in the building sector. The EPBD required all new buildings to be nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEBs) by 2021. Nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEBs) are buildings with a very-high-energy performance and nearly zero or low-energy requirements covered to a very significant extent by energy from renewable sources produced on-site or nearby. The utilisation of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels is a common approach for achieving the nZEB standard. The carbon footprint of PV panels is often not discussed as a parameter. This paper aimed to analyse the environmental performance of an existing nearly zero-energy university building in a Norwegian use case scenario. This analysis is performed by assessing annual electricity and heat consumption from both energetic and environmental perspectives. The energy required for the building during the studied period is then used to analyse the environmental and energy performance of the building. When it comes to the environmental assessment, the commercial software SimaPro was used. The proposed revision EPBD and nZEB definition from 2021 suggests that nZEBs should also consider operational greenhouse gas emissions and life-cycle global warming potential from 2027. The life cycle assessment (LCA) of the building’s energy sources looks at the global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and how they compare to Norwegian grid electricity. The results of the analysis highlights potential challenges to justifying the use of alternative energy sources to fulfil the criteria of nZEBs. When installing solar PV, it is important to consider the energy mix of the country where the solar PVs are produced. To solely consider the energy performance of the building, the installation of solar PV panels in countries with a high share of renewable energy may result in a reduced impact in terms of emission reduction from a life cycle perspective.
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Fotiou, Theofano, Pantelis Capros, and Panagiotis Fragkos. "Policy Modelling for Ambitious Energy Efficiency Investment in the EU Residential Buildings." Energies 15, no. 6 (March 18, 2022): 2233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062233.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents the challenges of increasing the energy efficiency investments in European Union (EU) residential buildings in the context of achieving climate neutrality by 2050. The paper presents the results of the PRIMES buildings model in key energy policy applications to support cost-effective and fair policy making in buildings across Europe. The model covers, in detail, the building sector for all the EU Member States (MS), segmenting the buildings into many categories. The approach proposed includes non-market barriers in conventional microeconomic modelling, which combined with idiosyncratic preferences can capture poor energy efficiency choices and still represent rational behaviours. The model includes a detailed portrayal of policies specific to the sector, comprising economic and regulatory policies as well as institutional measures. The results of the model show that the removal of non-market barriers is of great importance in reducing energy consumption and increasing both the pace and the depth of renovation investment. However, the institutional measures alone are not enough to induce energy efficiency improvement to the scale required to achieve the climate neutrality objectives. Economic (i.e., subsidies) or regulatory measures (i.e., energy performance standards) are also required to decrease emissions and energy consumption in buildings and the paper compares different configurations thereof. The optimum policy mix obviously derives from a compromise among various aims including the cost-effectiveness of the policy budget and the distributional impacts across building and consumer types.
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Lu, Mei Jun, and Gui Xiu Wang. "Strategy on Architectural Specialty Curriculum System Update under Energy Saving Emission Reduction Policy-Oriented." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 460–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.460.
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In recent years, a series of building energy efficiency regulations and policies in China were promulgated.Therefore, the talent relating to building energy saving has become the urgent needs in the community,but the talent training model of architectural higher education can not make system supplements and adjustments.The necessity for architectural specialty curriculum system update was analysed comprehensively. Under energy saving emission reduction policie-oriented, curriculum system update and cultivating the continuity on energy saving ideas in design courses were put forward. And then ordered butt joint on architectural talent cultivation and national energy-saving emission reduction policies can be achieved.
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Ferrari, Simone, Federica Zagarella, Paola Caputo, and Giuliano Dall’O’. "A GIS-Based Procedure for Estimating the Energy Demand Profiles of Buildings towards Urban Energy Policies." Energies 14, no. 17 (September 1, 2021): 5445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175445.
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Assessing the existing building stock’s hourly energy demand and predicting its variation due to energy efficiency measures are fundamental for planning strategies towards renewable-based Smart Energy Systems. However, the need for accurate methods for this purpose in the literature arises. The present article describes a GIS-based procedure developed for estimating the energy demand profiles of urban buildings based on the definition of the volumetric consistency of a building stock, characterized by different ages of construction and the most widespread uses, as well as dynamic simulations of a set of Building Energy Models adopting different energy-related features. The simulation models are based on a simple Building Energy Concept where selected thermal zones, representative of different boundary conditions options, are accounted. By associating the simulated hourly energy density profiles to the geo-referenced building stock and to the surveyed thermal system types, the whole hourly energy profile is estimated for the considered area. The method was tested on the building stock of Milan (Italy) and validated with the data available from the annual energy balance of the city. This procedure could support energy planners in defining urban energy demand profiles for energy policy scenarios.
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Chen, Qian, Lauren Kleinman, and Aparna Dial. "ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF CAMPUS LEED® BUILDINGS: IMPLICATIONS FOR GREEN BUILDING AND ENERGY POLICY." Journal of Green Building 10, no. 3 (September 2015): 137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.10.3.137.
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Many university campuses in the United States are working toward their sustainable goals by adopting energy or green building policies, which require Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®) certification for new construction and major renovation projects. Because LEED certification heavily relies on whole building energy simulation to demonstrate building energy performance improvement, it is often assumed that the finished buildings will achieve the predicted level of energy efficiency. This paper presents a study that compares the energy model predictions with actual energy performance of three LEED buildings on a university campus. The study shows that one of the campus LEED buildings consumed twice the predicted energy usage while causing a high level of occupant dissatisfaction. Further investigation reveals a variety of contributing factors for these issues and provides insights to improve green building policy and practice. Not only are the research findings important for this particular campus (Ohio State University) on its way to sustainability, they also have widespread ramifications for other university campuses.
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Zhang, Li, and Yonghui Wang. "Beijing and New York City: A comparison of building energy efficiency policies." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 267 (June 8, 2019): 032025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/267/3/032025.
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Saidel, Marco A., and Sizenando S. Alves. "Energy efficiency policies in the OECD countries." Applied Energy 76, no. 1-3 (September 2003): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-2619(03)00053-9.
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Macchiaroli, Maria, Luigi Dolores, Gianluigi De Mare, and Luigi Nicodemo. "Tax Policies for Housing Energy Efficiency in Italy: A Risk Analysis Model for Energy Service Companies." Buildings 13, no. 3 (February 21, 2023): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030582.
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The Superbonus is an Italian tax relief policy aimed at encouraging residential buildings’ energy and seismic efficiency. Only the energy part of the legislation is analyzed here. The tax deductions of the Superbonus exceed the nominal value of the project, making the interventions convenient even for economically disadvantaged citizens and small construction companies. However, the measure has only found wide diffusion in single-family housing, while it proceeds more slowly for multi-family buildings, where procedural complexities greatly amplify the risk of the financial failure of projects. The purpose of the paper is to analyze how urban planning and technical and administrative problems affect the Return on Investment (ROI) when the Superbonus is applied to multi-unit buildings. Therefore, a financial risk analysis is conducted from the perspective of an ordinary Energy Service Company (ESCo), which assumes the burden of carrying out energy efficiency measures. The property considered has all the requirements of an ordinary multi-family building for which the Superbonus is generally used. The works considered are also those carried out most frequently. The study shows that only three out of five energy interventions are financially sustainable. This result is in line with the data provided by the Italian Revenue Agency.
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Borge-Diez, David, Pedro Miguel Ortega-Cabezas, Antonio Colmenar-Santos, and Jorge Juan Blanes-Peiró. "Contribution of Driving Efficiency to Vehicle-to-Building." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 11, 2021): 3483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123483.
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Energy consumption in the transport sector and buildings are of great concern. This research aims to quantify how eco-routing, eco-driving and eco-charging can increase the amount of energy available for vehicle-to-building. To do this, the working population was broken into social groups (freelancers, local workers and commuters) who reside in two cities with different climate zones (Alcalá de Henares-Spain and Jaén-Spain) since the way of using electric vehicles is different. An algorithm based on the Here® application program interface and neural networks was implemented to acquire data of the stochastic usage of EVs of each social group. Finally, an increase in the amount of energy available for vehicle-to-building was assessed thanks to the algorithm. The results per day were as follows. Owing to the algorithm proposed a reduction ranging from 0.6 kWh to 2.2 kWh was obtained depending on social groups. The proposed algorithm facilitated an increase in energy available for vehicle-to-building ranging from 13.2 kWh to 33.6 kWh depending on social groups. The results show that current charging policies are not compatible with all social groups and do not consider the renewable energy contribution to the total electricity demand.
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Erba, Silvia, and Lorenzo Pagliano. "Combining Sufficiency, Efficiency and Flexibility to Achieve Positive Energy Districts Targets." Energies 14, no. 15 (August 3, 2021): 4697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154697.
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Energy efficiency, generation from renewable sources and more recently energy flexibility are key elements of present sustainability policies. However, we are beginning to see a recognition of the need to couple technological solutions with lifestyle and behavioral changes, sometimes labeled under the term “sufficiency”. Appropriate policies and design principles are necessary to enable sufficiency options, which in turn reveal that there is a bidirectional influence between the building and the district/city level. In this context, the authors discuss how city and building re-design should be implemented combining energy efficiency, flexibility, production from renewables and sufficiency options for achieving a positive energy balance at the district level even within the constraints of dense cities. Based on a review of recent advances, the paper provides a matrix of interactions between building and district design for use by building designers and city planners. It also compares possible scenarios implementing different strategies at the building and urban level in a case study, in order to evaluate the effect of the proposed integrated approach on the energy balance at yearly and seasonal time scales and on land take.
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Yu, Fei, Wei Feng, Jiawei Leng, Yibo Wang, and Yang Bai. "Review of the U.S. Policies, Codes, and Standards of Zero-Carbon Buildings." Buildings 12, no. 12 (November 24, 2022): 2060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122060.
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The global issue of climate change has accelerated the international commitment to net-zero carbon emission development. Decarbonizing the building sector has been put on several governments’ sustainable development agendas. To provide a reference for decarbonizing the building sector, this paper summarizes the U.S. experience in zero-carbon buildings (ZCBs) from the aspects of policies, codes, and standards at the federal and local levels and those of professional societies. Based on the definition and boundaries of ZCBs, this paper introduces policies on building energy efficiency, electrification, on-site renewable energy deployment, and “buy clean”, illustrating highlights in building phases, energy systems, materials production, and fiscal incentives. The synergic efforts and coordination between federal and local levels and with professional societies are also introduced. Successful experiences in policy and standard implementation are summarized, including the systemic work of multilevel governance, clearly defined goals and stringent policies, constant upgrades of codes and standards, transparency in reporting and information sharing, and increased financial and investment opportunities. This paper provides concrete recommendations for developing zero-carbon building policies.
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Garcia, J., L. Santos de Souza, M. B. Kretzer, M. Rupp da Silva, and A. M. Hackenberg. "Assessment of the energy efficiency of a public university building in Southern Brazil." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 04014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911104014.
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The adequate assessment of the thermal performance of a building requires the knowledge of its characteristics within its inserted context, making it possible to verify the actual and future performance of the building. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the energy efficiency of a public university building located in southern Brazil. The assessment was carried out according to the Brazilian Technical Regulation for Energy Efficiency Labelling of Commercial, Services and Public Buildings (RTQ-C). In this study, the building envelopment was evaluated under the actual condition and in the reference condition, using the simplified method. The constructive parameters of the building were obtained from the architectural project and technical standards, although the assigned climatic group of the building was defined based on the Brazilian bioclimatic zones. In the end, it was possible to identify the energetic efficiency level of the envelopment through the total annual thermal load of the building in its actual condition. Considering the urban and climatic context, as well as constructive characteristics of the building, strategies were proposed that can be adopted even in the project planning stage, aiming to improve the classification of the envelopment and to meet the energy efficiency policies of the country.
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Kamali, Saeed, Golrokh Khakzar, and Soolmaz Abdali Hajiabadi. "Effect of Building Management System on Energy Saving." Advanced Materials Research 856 (December 2013): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.856.333.
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Without any doubt, one of the most worldwide challenging and controversial issues in the current century is the energy problem. In most countries, the increase of energy consumption, especially in building, has made energy saving and efficiency strategies important target for energy policies. In general, there are many ways to save energy. The most common method of economizing is within culturalization. For such purpose, building energy management system (BEMS) is considered as the latest idea of energy. Having a dynamic environment, smart buildings are affordable by the integration of four main elements: systems, structure, service, management, and the relationship between them. Intelligent buildings provide these benefits through intelligent control systems. In this paper, while introducing the energy management in buildings, it studies their applications and also their effects on management and optimization of energy consumption. The office building in San Francisco, USA with 66,943 ft2 area is considered as a case study for this research. Energy consumption is reduced 50 percent by implementing BMS in this building.
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Serrano Lanzarote, B., P. Carnero Melero, V. Valero Escribano, and L. Ramírez Pareja. "DIGITAL ENERGY SIMULATION OF BUILDINGS PROTECTED BY MUNICIPAL HERITAGE POLICIES IN THE FRAMEWORK OF ENERGY RENOVATION PROJECTS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-421-2020.
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Abstract. The energy simulation is a key tool when designing renovation actions on buildings. In the framework of the InterregMed SHERPA project, bound to trigger and manage energy renovations in public buildings, the digital analysis of an educational building affected by the municipal heritage protection has been carried out. The building is the CIPFP Blasco Ibáñez, catalogued as a monument of local interest in Valencia (Spain) city planning, where the heritage value of its facades (main and interior), roof and internal spatial structure is identified.The methodology used consists in performing an energy audit of the building in order to be able to customize a digital energy model. By means of an hourly dynamic energy simulation tool, the current status of the building and its systems can be determined, and energy renovation actions can be outlined. The use of digital analysis tools is of utmost interest in buildings declared as municipal heritage sites since enables the study to be performed in a non-intrusive manner. Several points of energy improvement are identified. There are some actions that can be performed without affecting parameters protected by the heritage status, and some others which need to be modified in order to be compliant with it. Furthermore, the digital analysis through energy simulation tools also allows to perform detailed calculations about the energy, environmental and economic savings associated with the measures. The assessment has proved the need to promote research and testing of new solutions and technologies to improve the energy efficiency of heritage buildings.
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Liu, Qibo, and Wei Feng. "Research on the Efficiency and Economic Impact of Energy-Saving Transformation of Residential Buildings in Different Climatic Regions of China." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/634904.
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In China, the transformation of existing buildings is confronted with various problems in aspects ranging from technology to policy and even to economic efficiency, which restrains the pace of existing building transformation. Aiming at these conditions, a building model is established with simulation software in the research herein to deeply analyze the energy-saving effect of building envelope transformation in different climatic regions and its economic efficiency based on regional and national policies. The research results show that any single technology is difficult to completely satisfy the requirements of current energy efficiency standards, and technical measures should be taken according to different climatic regions. For the northern heating area, the building envelope transformation must be carried out simultaneously with the transformation of heat metering. Policy formulation and fund determination for the energy-saving transformation of existing buildings in China should be more flexible based on transformation effect and rely more on social and commercial forces rather than solely on the promotion of government.
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Rababah, Haitham Esam, Azhar Ghazali, and Mohd Hafizal Mohd Isa. "Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) in Southeast Asian Countries: Review of Effects and Challenges." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (November 23, 2021): 12952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132312952.
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Fossil fuel consumption for electricity generation in the building sector is at an all-time high in line with the country’s economic growth. This scenario will increase the global CO2 emissions and large carbon footprints, thus leading to global warming. In recent years, most of the research related to the building sector has focused on the development of new techniques to reduce buildings’ energy consumption through energy conservation, energy efficiency, and the implementation of renewable energy technologies. The introduction of photovoltaic (PV) technology has become the most prominent renewable energy (RE) that can be integrated into building components. Even though the Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) has been available for decades, but its implementation in Southeast Asian countries has not gained widespread acceptance compared to European countries and other parts of Asia. This paper aims to investigate the effects and challenges of BIPV implementation in Southeast Asian Countries (Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, and the Philippines), focusing on climate effects, the initial cost of PV technology, government policies, and initiatives. An in-depth literature review from past research, policies, and reports taken between 2016 to 2021 has been conducted and found that the environmental parameters directly influence the performance of BIPV systems and affect efficiency. This study pointed at Feed-in Tariff (FiT), policies and initiatives offered by the government in Southeast Asian countries are not beneficial and discourage building owners to adopt the BIPV technology or any other RE technology. Governments should revise the current policies to promote and attract more building owners to take part in the efforts to minimize CO2 emissions from the building industry.
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Sun, Lin Lin, Chun An You, Jian Xin Liu, and Ling Zhi Sun. "Energy Efficiency Research in Building Based on the Concept of Life Cycle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 731–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.731.
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Saving energy is one of the basic national policies, and energy efficiency in building is the important part of energy conservation work. It is of great significance to develop this work permanently. Discusses the definition of energy efficiency in building, introduces the concept of the life cycle, and sets up the life cycle cost estimation model. Through the analysis of energy saving building, comes to an important conclusion. Although the initial investment of energy saving building increases, the whole life cycle cost is obviously lower than general building. With the increasing of the discount rate and the extension of life cycle, the effect is more outstanding.
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Krarti, Moncef. "Evaluation of Energy Efficiency Potential for the Building Sector in the Arab Region." Energies 12, no. 22 (November 9, 2019): 4279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12224279.
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The paper overviews the current energy demand trends in the building sector for the Arab region using reported historical energy consumption. Moreover, the paper describes the current energy efficiency policies and regulations for all the Arab countries specific to both residential and commercial buildings. Finally, the paper evaluates potential benefits for large-scale energy efficiency programs specific to new and existing building stocks within the Arab region using a bottom-up analysis approach. The analysis of the available energy consumption for all the Arab countries has shown that the Arab region presents a significant variation in energy consumption levels between its sub-regions and countries. Indeed, the Arab region includes oil-producing countries such as Saudi Arabia with the largest energy use per capita in the World with over 9000 kWh/person of electricity used annually in buildings. However, the same region has the least developed countries such as Sudan and Yemen with the lowest energy use per capita in the World with barely 100 kWh/person/year of electrical consumption. The review of the existing regulations has indicated that several Arab countries have not implemented any energy efficiency codes and standards for building envelope, lighting, heating and cooling equipment, and appliances. A cost-effectiveness analysis has indicated that the Arab region can incur significant benefits in upgrading the energy efficiency of its new and existing buildings especially its households. Specifically, the adoption and the enforcement of stringent energy efficiency codes for new residential and commercial buildings can result in a reduction of 12.7 TWh/year in final annual energy consumption for the Arab region. Moreover, retrofit programs targeting existing buildings can save up to 470 TWh or a third of the building sector final energy consumption per year after 2030. Combining comprehensive energy efficiency requirements for new buildings and extensive retrofit programs for existing buildings would reduce the total final energy consumption of the building sector in the Arab region by 600 TWh by 2030 and by 900 TWh by 2050 if all the energy programs start to be implemented by 2020.
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Bai, Wei, and Wei Ding Long. "Potentials Analysis of Carbon Mitigation and Energy Consumption Reduction of Shanghai Non-Residential Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 2766–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.2766.
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The aim of this study is to analyze the potentials of energy consumption and the energy-related carbon reduction of Shanghai non-residential buildings, to discuss the contributions of positive policies. This study uses system dynamic tool to examine the behaviour of the complex social-economic-energy system over time. This study defines three types of scenarios, BAU (business-as-usual), reference and ambitious scenarios in which policies on sustainability and technology progress are different. In order to highlight the importance of policies, this study adds several sub-scenarios and compares the contributions of them. The results show that Shanghai can reduce by at most 22% of building energy use and 30.9% of the energy-related carbon emissions by 2020 on the 2005 baseline. The strong economic incentives, including both encouraging and punishment measures are quite helpful for Shanghai building energy efficiency and CO2 reduction.
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Sung, Uk-Joo, and Seok-Hyun Kim. "Development of a Passive and Active Technology Package Standard and Database for Application to Zero Energy Buildings in South Korea." Energies 12, no. 9 (May 5, 2019): 1700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091700.
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There is much research on zero energy buildings. In this paper, technologies and policies to improve the building energy efficiency of zero energy buildings are presented. The zero energy building certification system in Korea is introduced, and the evaluation is carried out based on the energy self-reliance rate that enables zero energy buildings. Zero energy buildings are able to minimize energy consumption due to the application of highly efficient building materials and equipment technology. In this research, to increase the prevalence of zero energy buildings in Korea, the authors propose a zero energy building technology package. Using a passive and active technology package, we confirmed the necessity and detailed requirements of each technology parameter. We analyze and classify Korean building material testing methods and performance standards, and propose passive and active technology packages, modules, material performance testing methods and minimum requirement performance standards. Finally, this study proposed a table presenting the test methods, standard and minimum value of performance. By these results, the authors confirmed the effectiveness and availability of passive and active technical packages.
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Pan, Jian Li, Shan Zhi Chen, Raj Jain, and Subharthi Paul. "Energy Sensing and Monitoring Framework with an Integrated Communication Backbone in the Energy Efficient Intelligent Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 1460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.1460.
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Building environments are significant sources of global energy consumption. To create energy efficient buildings, the first step is to sense and monitor all the energy-consuming appliances in the buildings and record all the energy consumption information. After that, appropriate energy saving policies can be decided and the instructions can be sent to the control devices to apply the energy saving adjustments. To do that, in-building two-way communication networks are needed to connect all the sensors to collect information as well as to send control instructions. However, most of the current devices are provided by separate manufacturers and with separate network infrastructures and so there is not much integration and interaction among different subsystems. In this paper, we envision a new energy sensing and monitoring framework with integrated communication backbone in the intelligent building environments. Specifically, through comprehensive comparisons and investigations, we study different candidate communicating media and protocols like wireline, wireless, and power-line communications technologies that potentially can be used in the intelligent buildings to realize the goals of coordination, integration, and energy efficiency. Also, we propose an extension "smart box" for integration of the devices before the maturity of the standardization process. Cloud computing and smart phone technologies are also introduced to realize the goals of improving energy efficiency and promote global sustainability.
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Kamal, Athar, Sami G. Al-Ghamdi, and Muammer Koç. "Role of energy efficiency policies on energy consumption and CO2 emissions for building stock in Qatar." Journal of Cleaner Production 235 (October 2019): 1409–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.296.
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Đukanović, Ljiljana, Dušan Ignjatović, Nataša Ćuković Ignjatović, Aleksandar Rajčić, Nevena Lukić, and Bojana Zeković. "Energy Refurbishment of Serbian School Building Stock—A Typology Tool Methodology Development." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 30, 2022): 4074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074074.
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Energy refurbishment of school buildings is a priority regarding both energy consumption in buildings and improving comfort conditions for sensitive young occupants. During 2016–18, a group of teachers and associates from the Faculty of Architecture, Mechanical Engineering, and Electrical Engineering from the University in Belgrade participated in the project “Energy efficiency in public buildings” in cooperation with GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit), University of Belgrade, Faculty of Architecture and Ministry of Mining and Energy of the Republic of Serbia. During 2016 and 2017, a comprehensive survey and database of public buildings were conducted by the local community. The focus of the research was the facilities of children’s institutions, and detailed data were collected to determine the current building stock conditions, energy consumption, and possible improvements. This paper presents the methodology of the project based on defining the typology of buildings, determining the representatives of the characteristic periods of construction, and analyzing their energy performance. Five possible scenarios were considered: designed condition, existing state, and three levels of a building improvement. The main goal of this project was to ascertain the entire fund for school buildings, indicate the potential for energy savings of this type of public building at the national level, and use this as a starting point for developing strategic decisions and further energy efficiency policies. This paper presents the complete results of the research on school buildings in Serbia, their energy performance, and possible energy savings. Key findings show that a great majority of schools are in a poor state in terms of their energy efficiency, but at the same time, there is a large potential for improvement of building envelope, HVAC, and lighting systems, which can cut the current energy need for heating to up to 80%.
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Economidou, M., V. Todeschi, P. Bertoldi, D. D'Agostino, P. Zangheri, and L. Castellazzi. "Review of 50 years of EU energy efficiency policies for buildings." Energy and Buildings 225 (October 2020): 110322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110322.
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Ürge-Vorsatz, Diana, Radhika Khosla, Rob Bernhardt, Yi Chieh Chan, David Vérez, Shan Hu, and Luisa F. Cabeza. "Advances Toward a Net-Zero Global Building Sector." Annual Review of Environment and Resources 45, no. 1 (October 17, 2020): 227–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012420-045843.
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The building sector is responsible for 39% of process-related greenhouse gas emissions globally, making net- or nearly-zero energy buildings pivotal for reaching climate neutrality. This article reviews recent advances in key options and strategies for converting the building sector to be climate neutral. The evidence from the literature shows it is possible to achieve net- or nearly-zero energy building outcomes across the world in most building types and climates with systems, technologies, and skills that already exist, and at costs that are in the range of conventional buildings. Maximizing energy efficiency for all building energy uses is found as central to net-zero targets. Jurisdictions all over the world, including Brussels, New York, Vancouver, and Tyrol, have innovated visionary policies to catalyze themarket success of such buildings, with more than 7 million square meters of nearly-zero energy buildings erected in China alone in the past few years. Since embodied carbon in building materials can consume up to a half of the remaining 1.5°C carbon budget, this article reviews recent advances to minimize embodied energy and store carbon in building materials.
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Tunefalk, Martin, Mattias Legner, and Gustaf Leijonhufvud. "Long-term effects of additional insulation of building façades in Sweden." International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation 38, no. 2 (July 26, 2019): 374–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbpa-02-2019-0020.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate long-term effects of previous policies for energy efficiency on energy performance and heritage values. A further ambition is to better understand the relationship between energy and preservation by exploring a quantitative method of combining energy performance data with official heritage designation. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on a quantitative analysis of energy performance, completed additional insulations, and official heritage classification for individual buildings. Data have been collected and analysed for a sample consisting of 289 multi-family buildings heated with district heating and constructed 1940–1949 in an urban area in Stockholm, Sweden. Findings The data exhibit a significant correlation between the studied features. The study further shows that additional insulation has been installed in roughly half of the buildings. The large majority of them were carried out in the national programme for home improvement called ROT. Research limitations/implications The findings indicate that previous policies for energy efficiency had an important effect on energy performance and heritage values in the studied area. They continue to affect urban planning and building permit administration today. Research of the physics of individual buildings would be needed in order to determine the reason for differences in the sample. Originality/value By presenting a novel method, the study provides a useful tool for policy makers to bridge the gap between issues of energy and preservation and adopt a more holistic approach towards a sustainable built environment.
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Zaid, Suzaini M., and Peter Graham. "Rising residential energy consumption and GHG emissions in Malaysia: A case study of public low-cost housing projects in Kuala Lumpur." Indoor and Built Environment 26, no. 3 (July 28, 2016): 375–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x15616173.
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Malaysia’s electricity consumption is increasing exponentially as it gears towards becoming a developed nation by year 2020. This paper is aimed at policy development in terms of energy efficiency and building design as Malaysia has yet to establish any mandatory energy efficiency or energy performance building code. The focus on public low-cost housing projects is important as it is administered by government agencies and provides possible streamlining of proposed energy policies for the housing sector. Presented in this paper are findings from fieldwork conducted to investigate the energy performance and green house gas (GHG) emissions from the building operation of two public low-cost housing projects in Kuala Lumpur. The baseline calculations use UNEP–SBCI’s Common Carbon Metric tool to provide project-specific calculations of energy and emissions intensity with its bottom-up approach, while presenting a national-scale projection using its top-down approach. Findings from bottom-up analysis suggest that Malaysian public low-cost housing households consume more than benchmarks set by the World Energy Council and the International Energy Agency, in terms of Building Energy Index (BEI) of kwh/m2/year. This is a reflection of the absence of building energy efficiency legislation in Malaysia, both for residential and non-residential buildings. The importance of this research lies in its focus on a developing country experiencing rapid urbanisation and climate change effects.
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Gillingham, Kenneth T., Pei Huang, Colby Buehler, Jordan Peccia, and Drew R. Gentner. "The climate and health benefits from intensive building energy efficiency improvements." Science Advances 7, no. 34 (August 2021): eabg0947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg0947.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Intensive building energy efficiency improvements can reduce emissions from energy use, improving outdoor air quality and human health, but may also affect ventilation and indoor air quality. This study examines the effects of highly ambitious, yet feasible, building energy efficiency upgrades in the United States. Our energy efficiency scenarios, derived from the literature, lead to a 6 to 11% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions and 18 to 25% reductions in particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions in 2050. These reductions are complementary with a carbon pricing policy on electricity. However, our results also point to the importance of mitigating indoor PM2.5 emissions, improving PM2.5 filtration, and evaluating ventilation-related policies. Even with no further ventilation improvements, we estimate that intensive energy efficiency scenarios could prevent 1800 to 3600 premature deaths per year across the United States in 2050. With further investments in indoor air quality, this can rise to 2900 to 5100.