Дисертації з теми "Building energy dynamic simulations"
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SUMMA, SERENA. "Energy efficiency of buildings: Dynamic simulations and experimental analyses." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/299081.
Повний текст джерелаThe studies reported in this thesis add to the current body of knowledge a contribution concerning both new dynamic hourly calculation models, useful for a reliable assessment of the energy needs of buildings, and innovative construction solutions to improve the energy efficiency of buildings and thus decarbonise the construction sector currently responsible for about 40% of global climate-changing gas emissions. The new calculation models contained in the recent standards published by CEN are analysed, namely EN ISO 52016-1:2017 "Energy demand for heating and cooling, indoor temperatures and sensible and latent heat loads - Part 1: Calculation procedures" and the related EN ISO 52010-1:2017 "Outdoor climatic conditions - Part 1: Conversion of climate data for energy calculations". These standards offer the possibility to estimate energy requirements and operative temperatures with similar accuracy to that of major simulation software (such as Trnsys or Energy Plus), but in a less onerous way. As both standards are recently published, there are not enough studies in the literature to identify the actual validity of the methods and the fields of application. For this reason, using Tnsys as a basis, a comparative and sensitivity analysis was carried out, the main criticalities were identified and alternative calculation methods were proposed which, appropriately integrated into the standards, improved their accuracy. At an experimental level, innovative construction solutions were proposed to improve winter and summer energy requirements, respectively with the study of a hyper-insulated building integrated with a solar greenhouse equipped with controlled mechanical ventilation and with the study of three different ventilated facades, also integrated with controlled mechanical ventilation, optimised using machine learning techniques. Finally, the impact of climate change on current NZEBs in terms of needs and comfort was assessed, according to two scenarios proposed by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change): RCP4.5, which foresees a reversal of CO2 emissions by 2070 and a maximum temperature increase of 2°C, and RCP8.5, which uses a "business-as-usual" approach and foresees quadruple CO2 concentrations by 2100, with a temperature increase of more than 4°C.
Maggiore, Pierpaolo. "Energy retrofit of an office building in Stockholm: energy performance analysis of the cooling system." Thesis, KTH, Installations- och energisystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190960.
Повний текст джерелаSIRen
Pacillo, Valentina. "Effect of the building zoning on the energy consumption with different dynamic energy simulation tools: ALMABEST versus carnotUIBK." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерелаPaepcke, Anne. "NANDRAD 1.4 building simulation model." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-230427.
Повний текст джерелаLapioli, Simone. "Energy retrofit of an office building in Stockholm: feasibility analysis of an EWIS." Thesis, KTH, Installations- och energisystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190992.
Повний текст джерелаSIRen
O'Kelly, Matthew E. "Dynamic Simulation of a Superinsulated Residential Structure with a Hybrid Desiccant Cooling System." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1345442100.
Повний текст джерелаKos, Cristoffer, and Kristoffer Hermansson. "BUILDING AND SIMULATING DYNAMIC MODELS OF DISTRICT HEATING NETWORKS WITH MODELICA : Using Matlab to process data and automate modelling and simulation." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-36107.
Повний текст джерелаSmarta Flöden
BELTRAMI, Alberto. "Trnsys integrated modeling support tool for a fast building-plant system design." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/52297.
Повний текст джерелаBELTRAMI, Alberto. "Trnsys integrated modeling support tool for a fast building-plant system design." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/222107.
Повний текст джерелаAmin, Majdi Talal. "Dynamic Modeling and Verification of an Energy-Efficient Greenhouse With an Aquaponic System Using TRNSYS." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1450432214.
Повний текст джерелаEriksson, Rickard, and Pontus Andersson. "Thermal storage solutions for a building in a 4th generation district heating system : Development of a dynamic building model in Modelica." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-40114.
Повний текст джерелаPICCO, Marco. "Dynamic energy simulation toward integrated design of non-residential buildings. Model description simplifications and their impact on simulation results." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/222120.
Повний текст джерелаCIRRINCIONE, Laura. "SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL METHODS FOR IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE AND RESILIENCE OF SINGLE AND CLUSTERED GROUPS OF BUILDINGS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/496760.
Повний текст джерелаBouwer, Werner. "Designing a dynamic thermal and energy system simulation scheme for cross industry applications / W. Bouwer." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/592.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Ph.D. (Mechanical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
Cipriano, Jordi. "Energy characterization and experimental validation of natural ventilated semitransparent double skin PV components." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/286038.
Повний текст джерелаLos sistemas integrados Fotovoltaicos (FV) de doble piel, son components del edificio que combinan las funciones de envolvente, con las de illuminación natural, generación eléctrica y generación de energía térmica. La modelización de los procesos de transferència de energía de estos components, especialmente en situaciones de convección natural, plantea una alta complejidad y es uno de los inconvenientes principales para una diseminación masiva de esta tecnología. En las últimas décadas, se han llevado a cabo diferentes intentos para a superar este inconveniente y se han desarrollado diferentes modelos de simulación para evaluar la eficiéncia energética global de estos sistemas. Sin embargo, muy pocos estudios se han enfrentado al análisis detallado del rango de validez de estas correlaciones y modelos y tampoco de las limitaciones inherentes en su definición. El segundo inconvenient para una amplia propagación de estos components FV complejos, está relacionado con la dificultad para llevar a cabo campañas experimentales de medida de su comportamento energético en condiciones reales. Además de estos inconvenientes, se constata una carencia significativa de conocimiento sobre métodos para la calibración de los modelos de simulación de componentes FV ventilados . Esta tesis doctoral aborda todos estos inconvenientes mencionados anteriormente e introduce una metodología general para la caracterización energética y la validación experimental de los componentes FV ventilados. Esta investigación también contribuye a aumentar el conocimiento sobre métodos para integrar el desarrollo de modelos de simulación dinámica, con estrategias innovadoras para su calibración.
Double skin semi transparent components with Photovoltaic integrated systems are building components which combine functions of the building envelope with natural lighting, electricity and thermal energy generation. The energy transfer modeling of these components, especially under free convection situations, raises a high complexity and is the first main drawback for a massive dissemination of this technology. Many attempts to fill this gap have been undertaken and some dynamic simulation models of these components have been obtained in the last decades. However, very few studies have faced a detailed analysis of the valid range of these mathematical expressions and simulation models and of the restrictions entailed. The second drawback for a wide spread of these complex PV components is related to the difficulty in setting up monitoring and experimental campaigns to measure their real energy performance with sufficient accuracy and precision. Besides these drawbacks, there is also a lack of knowledge on methods for calibrating building energy simulation models in general, and specifically in the calibration of dynamic models of ventilated PV components. This PhD thesis addresses these existing drawbacks and introduces an overall methodology for the energy characterization and experimental validation of ventilated PV components. This research also contributes in increasing the knowledge on methods for coupling the mathematical development of dynamic simulation models with innovative approaches for its calibration with experimental measures.
CABONI, OMAR. "La simulazione termoenergetica dinamica del sistema edificio-impianti applicata a un caso studio:l'azienda ospedaliera "G. Brotzu"." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266777.
Повний текст джерелаŠteffek, Libor. "Simulace energetické náročnosti a reálné užívání budov." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-433629.
Повний текст джерелаNegrão, Cezar O. R. "Conflation of computational fluid dynamics and building thermal simulation." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1995. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21238.
Повний текст джерелаFigueiredo, António José Pereira de. "Energy efficiency and comfort strategies for Southern European climate : optimization of passive housing and PCM solutions." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17291.
Повний текст джерелаPursuing holistic sustainable solutions, towards the target defined by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is a stimulating goal. Exploring and tackling this task leads to a broad number of possible combinations of energy saving strategies than can be bridged by Passive House (PH) concept and the use of advanced materials, such as Phase Change Materials (PCM) in this context. Acknowledging that the PH concept is well established and practiced mainly in cold climate countries of Northern and Central Europe, the present research investigates how the construction technology and energy demand levels can be adapted to Southern Europe, in particular to Portugal mainland climate. For Southern Europe in addition to meeting the heating requirements in a fairly easier manner, it is crucial to provide comfortable conditions during summer, due to a high risk of overheating. The incorporation of PCMs into building solutions making use of solar energy to ensure their phase change process, are a potential solution for overall reduction of energy consumption and overheating rate in buildings. The PH concept and PCM use need to be adapted and optimised to work together with other active and passive systems improving the overall building thermal behaviour and reducing the energy consumption. Thus, a hybrid evolutionary algorithm was used to optimise the application of the PH concept to the Portuguese climate through the study of the combination of several building features as well as constructive solutions incorporating PCMs minimizing multi-objective benchmark functions for attaining the defined goals.
A procura de soluções de sustentabilidade holísticas que conduzam ao cumprimento dos desafios impostos pela Convenção-Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre as Alterações Climáticas é uma meta estimulante. Explorar esta tarefa resulta num amplo número de possíveis combinações de estratégias de poupança energética, sendo estas alcançáveis através do conceito definido pela Passive House (PH) e pela utilização de materiais de mudança de fase que se revelam como materiais inovadores neste contexto. Reconhecendo que este conceito já se encontra estabelecido e disseminado em países de climas frios do centro e norte da Europa, o presente trabalho de investigação foca-se na aplicabilidade e adaptabilidade deste conceito e correspondentes técnicas construtivas, assim como os níveis de energia, para climas do sul da Europa, nomeadamente em Portugal continental. No sudeste da Europa, adicionalmente à necessidade de cumprimento dos requisitos energéticos para aquecimento, é crucial promover e garantir condições de conforto no verão, devido ao elevado risco de sobreaquecimento. A incorporação de materiais de mudança de fase nas soluções construtivas dos edifícios, utilizando a energia solar para assegurar o processo de mudança de fase, conduz a soluções de elevado potencial para a redução global da energia consumida e do risco de sobreaquecimento. A utilização do conceito PH e dos materiais de mudança de fase necessitam de ser adaptados e otimizados para funcionarem integrados com outros sistemas ativos e passivos, melhorando o comportamento térmico dos edifícios e minimizando o consumo energético. Assim, foi utilizado um algoritmo evolutivo para otimizar a aplicabilidade do conceito PH ao clima português através do estudo e combinação de diversos aspetos construtivos, bem como o estudo de possíveis soluções construtivas inovadoras com incorporação de materiais de mudança de fase minimizando as funções objetivo para o cumprimento das metas inicialmente definidas.
Han, Yilong. "Urban Building Networks' Thermal-Energy Dynamics: Exploring, Mitigating, and Optimizing Inter-Building Effects." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/72956.
Повний текст джерелаPh. D.
Aijazi, Arfa N. (Arfa Nawal). "Machine learning paradigms for building energy performance simulations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111280.
Повний текст джерелаThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 134-138).
This research seeks to overcome a technical limitation of building energy performance simulations, the computation time, by using surrogate modeling, a class of supervised machine learning techniques where the output is a performance metric. Though early machine learning methods were introduced decades ago, the convergence of computation power, more data collection, and maturation of methods has led to an explosion in the types of problems machine learning can be applied to. A comparison of several common surrogate modeling techniques found that parametric radial basis functions and Kriging are highly accurate regression techniques for predicting building energy consumption. For a single climate, these regression techniques can predict the total energy consumption to within 2% of a detailed energy simulation, but in a fraction of a second, about five orders of magnitude faster. Integrating a Kriging surrogate model with multi-objective optimization, allowed for finding retrofit recommendations in Lisbon that are cost effective and can reduce the present-day energy consumption of an existing apartment by up to 20%. Similarly, integrating surrogate model with multi-objective optimization can find retrofit options in Boston that can reduce the present-day energy consumption and unmet hours in the future. Combined this body of works strives to add value to existing building energy performance simulation tools as more than just an exercise for code compliance but as a real design tool that can guide decision making.
by Arfa Nawal Aijazi.
S.M. in Building Technology
Vesterberg, Jimmy. "Improved building energy simulations and verifications by regression." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-117248.
Повний текст джерелаDet är vanligt med betydande skillnader mellan beräknad och verklig energi användning inom byggnadssektorn. Dessa beräkningar utförs ofta med hjälp av byggnads energi simulerings (BES) program där användaren måste göra ett flertal antaganden om den aktuella byggnaden och dess brukare. Det beräknade resultatet kontrolleras ofta i ett senare skede mot byggnadens faktiska behov av energi från nätet. I denna kontroll är det dock svårt att särskilja den energimängd som byggnaden behöver och den del som är kopplad till brukaren. Detta gör att lärdomarna som kan dras i denna verifieringsprocess ofta blir begränsade. Mot denna bakgrund, har det huvudsakliga syftet med denna avhandling varit att utveckla metoder som kan användas för att extrahera information om byggnadens prestanda från mätdata. De extraherade parametrarna skall kunna användas för att öka noggrannheten i prediktioner från BES modeller och för att verifiera byggnaders prestanda. Regression analys har ofta använts i det senare fallet i avseendet att verifiera energi användning. Denna avhandling fokuserar på att utveckla regressionsmodeller som ger en hög noggrannhet i modellens parametrar som möjliggör att de bl.a. kan användas för att kalibrera BES modeller och på så sätt minska den vanligt förekommande diskrepans mellan simulerat och faktiskt utfall. En BES kalibrerings metodik har utvecklats baserat på skattning av transmissions förluster ovan mark, inklusive luftläckage (värmeförlust koefficient) samt värmeförlust till mark (G) med hjälp av regressionsanalys. Denna kalibrerings metodik uppvisar lovande egenskaper i form av noggranna prediktioner och användarvänlighet. Goda prediktioner är dock ingen garanti för att modellens ingående parametrar är fysikaliskt rimliga. Därför har regressionsmodellernas parametrar utvärderats i termer av robusthet och överensstämmelse med oberoende beräkningar. Dessutom har en metod utvecklats för att minimerar solens inverkan på regressionsskattningarna. Slutligen har vikten av kalibrerade simuleringar undersökts. Parametrarna i de framtagna regressionsmodellerna visade sig vara robusta, med årliga variationer i värmeförlust koefficient mindre än 2%. Ytterligare visade sig G var i god överensstämmelse med oberoende beräkningar. Robustheten i värmeförlustfaktorn baserad på data från perioder av betydande solstrålning konstaterades också att vara hög, med en genomsnittlig absolut avvikelse på 4.0%. Fördelen med kalibrerade modeller visade sig främst vara en ökad noggrannhet i prediktioner och modell parametrar i absoluta tal. Med ökad tillgång till mätdata och lovande resultat i denna avhandling är det författarens övertygelse att de presenterade regressionsmodellerna kommer att ha sin plats i framtida bedömnings metoder av byggnaders energiprestanda.
Zhai, Zhiqiang 1971. "Developing an integrated building design tool by coupling building energy simulation and computational fluid dynamics programs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17617.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (p. 237-246).
Building energy simulation (ES) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can play important roles in building design by providing essential information to help design energy-efficient, thermally comfortable and healthy buildings. However, separate applications of ES and CFD usually cannot give an accurate prediction of building thermal and airflow behaviors due to the partial modeling of the problem. An integration of ES and CFD can eliminate many of the assumptions used in ES and CFD because of the complementary nature of ES and CFD results. This thesis studies the fundamentals, implementation and application of ES and CFD coupling, significantly advancing the knowledge and experience in this area. The study has been focused on the iterative coupling of individual ES and CFD programs, which shows good potential of providing reasonable results with acceptable computing costs. The research first analyzes the principles and challenges of ES and CFD program coupling. To bridge three major discontinuities in time-scale, spatial resolution and computing speed between ES and CFD programs, special coupling strategies have been developed. Particularly, the staged coupling strategies proposed can effectively reduce computing time while preserving the accuracy and details of the computed results. The study discusses the solution characteristics of iterative coupling simulation. Through theoretical analysis and numerical experiments, the research verifies the solution existence and uniqueness of a coupled simulation. The investigation concludes that a converged and stable simulation can be achieved with four different data coupling methods. The study has further developed an improved iteration and control algorithm for the coupled simulation. An integrated program, E+MIT-CFD, has been developed by coupling a new- generation ES program (E+) with a newly-developed ready-to-plug-in CFD solver (MIT- CFD). All the coupling methods and strategies proposed have been implemented in this program. The program has been well validated with various experimental facilities. The comparison of numerical solutions with experimental data reveals the advantages of the integrated simulation over the separate ES and CFD applications. The study further demonstrates the performance and capabilities of the coupled program through practical
(cont.) through practical design projects. Finally, sensitivity analysis of the coupling simulation to building characteristics and coupling strategies has been performed, based on which general guidelines are established for appropriate usage of the coupling simulation.
by Zhiqiang Zhai.
Ph.D.
Colella, Vanessa Stevens. "Participatory simulations : building collaborative understanding through immersive dynamic modeling." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61099.
Повний текст джерелаCastilho, Gabriela Mouriño. "Energy behaviour and consumption reduction in service buildings." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23298.
Повний текст джерелаIn view of the current global scenery, in which several nations are striving against global warming, energy efficiency rises as a cost-effective prospect. As the building sector accounts for over one-fifth of the total delivered energy consumed worldwide, it has great potential for implementing rationalization and energy efficiency measures. Service buildings are expected to have the highest growth in energy consumption when compared to residential buildings and are therefore the focus of this thesis. Energy reduction efforts for service buildings are vast; however, they are concentrated mostly on technological opportunities. Behaviour changes represent a great potential for reducing energy consumption without significant financial costs, but still, they are commonly disregarded. Hence, the present dissertation aims to propose a quantitative methodology to analyze occupants’ behaviours and their impact on energy consumption in service buildings. Results are acquired through the use of dynamic simulation, namely DesignBuilder software. Energy consumption due to behaviour is determined by simulating the occupant interactions with equipment, lighting and HVAC systems. To that end, three occupancy profiles were fixed: standard occupants’ interactions are defined by Decree-Law nº 79/2006; efficient occupants have extreme efficient behaviours leading to energy savings; inefficient ones lead to extreme energy waste. Dynamic simulation results give evidence of the occupancy impact on energy consumption. Efficient behaviours were able to reduce energy consumption by over 34%. However, regardless of the rigorousness of efficient behaviours, waste potential by inefficient occupants was always higher than saving potential. This result highlights the importance of understanding occupant behaviours and its accurate consideration of dynamic simulation tools.
No atual cenário mundial, no qual diversas nações lutam contra o aquecimento global, a eficiência energética se destaca como uma opção viável. O setor de edifícios é responsável pelo consumo de mais de um quinto da energia total gerada, e por isso possui grande potencial para a implementação de medidas de racionalização e eficiência energética. Espera-se que os edifícios de serviços tenham o maior crescimento no consumo de energia quando comparados aos edifícios residenciais, e, portanto, são o foco desta tese. As possibilidades de redução de energia para os edifícios de serviços são vastas; no entanto, estas se concentram principalmente em oportunidades tecnológicas. As mudanças de comportamento representam um grande potencial para reduzir o consumo de energia sem custos financeiros significativos, no entanto ainda são geralmente desconsiderados. Dessa forma, a presente dissertação visa propor uma metodologia quantitativa para análise dos comportamentos dos ocupantes e seu impacto no consumo de energia em edifícios de serviços. Os resultados foram adquiridos através do uso da simulação dinâmica de edifícios, pelo software DesignBuilder. O consumo de energia devido ao comportamento foi determinado pela simulação das interações entre os ocupantes e os equipamentos, sistema de iluminação e de aquecimento, ar condicionado e ventilação. Para este fim, foram considerados três perfis de ocupação: o ocupante de referência teve por base as definições do Decreto-Lei nº 79/2006; os ocupantes eficientes possuem comportamentos extremos e eficientes que levam a economias de energia; ocupantes ineficientes causam um desperdício extremo de energia. Resultados da simulação dinâmica evidenciam o impacto da ocupação no consumo de energia. Comportamentos eficientes . foram capazes de reduzir o consumo em mais de 34%. No entanto, independentemente do rigor dos comportamentos eficientes, o potencial de desperdício de energia pelos ocupantes ineficientes foi, em todos os casos, superior ao potencial de economia energética pelos ocupantes eficientes.Este resultado destaca a importância de compreender os comportamentos dos ocupantes e assegurar sua análise de forma precisa sobre as ferramentas de simulação dinâmica.
Lindgren-Mönestam, Björn. "Evaluation of energy performance in single family houses." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-80227.
Повний текст джерелаPesic, Nikola. "Geo-climatic potential for advanced natural ventilation comfort cooling approach in mid-rise office buildings in the north-western Mediterranean." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670793.
Повний текст джерелаEl objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar el potencial geo-climático para el ahorro de energía de enfriamiento de confort en los edificios de oficinas de mediana altura aplicando el concepto de ventilación natural avanzada (ANV). El enfoque es en la costa Mediterránea de Cataluña y las ubicaciones geográficas seleccionadas: Barcelona, Terrassa y Tarragona. La primera parte de investigación evalúa el potencial climático de ventilación natural (CPNV), un nivel teórico de disponibilidad de ventilación natural (NV) aplicando el modelo de confort térmico adaptativo. Para una comparación de los potenciales geo-climáticos en un contexto regional más amplio, están elegidas las ubicaciones a lo largo del Mediterráneo Norte: Valencia, Marsella, Roma, Koper, Split, Atenas y Nicosia. Los resultados confirman que NV es factible principalmente desde abril hasta octubre, mientras que en julio y agosto es considerablemente limitada. La segunda parte del trabajo examina los ahorros de energía de enfriamiento de un hipotético modelo “A” del edificio de oficinas de media altura. Las simulaciones de rendimiento de edificios (BPS) en la región de Cataluña demuestran una reducción anual de cargas de enfriamiento entre 22% y 51%. El mismo modelo posicionado a lo largo del Mediterráneo Norte muestra la reducción de las cargas anuales en un rango más amplio, entre 6% y 51%. La siguiente sección evalúa los niveles de vulnerabilidad al cambio climático aplicando escenarios climáticos para los años 2050 y 2080. Se indica que el potencial de ANV se reducirá cerca de cero en julio y agosto de 2080. Sin embargo, la introducción de unas técnicas de enfriamiento asistidas demuestra que ese impacto puede ser absorbido aproximadamente a la escala previamente evaluada en el horizonte de 2050. La última parte de investigación exhibe que el modelo “B” tiene un mejor nivel de la eficiencia energética del enfriamiento de confort: se fusionan técnicas de NV seleccionadas para aprovechar las temperaturas exteriores nocturnas más bajas por medios pasivos, cuyo potencial se refleja sobre la disminución de las cargas de enfriamiento activo diurno. Para este propósito, el modelo posicionado en Barcelona consigue la reducción anual de las cargas de enfriamiento en un 65% en las condiciones meteorológicas actuales. En conclusión, bajo las configuraciones climáticas proyectadas para 2050 y 2080, en Barcelona, Terrassa y Tarragona, la serie de BPS muestra un mayor nivel de resiliencia climática con la reducción de las cargas de enfriamiento entre 53% y 59%. El aporte clave de la investigación se encuentra en BPS experimentales del modelo “A” donde se detectan las debilidades del sistema ANV como consecuencia del cambio climático estimado. En relación con los rendimientos de enfriamiento limitados, ANV se cambia de un concepto autónomo a ser parte de un sistema de ventilación más complejo con los ciclos específicos diurnos y nocturnos. Este nuevo enfoque de diseño establecido basado en el almacenamiento dinámico de calor se asocia con una introducción del aire exterior con temperaturas más bajas durante la noche y las primeras horas de la mañana, como menos afectado por el futuro cambio climático regional. Un impulso ventajoso logrado en el desempeño energético se categoriza a través de las fortalezas y oportunidades. Por lo tanto, el modelo "B" representa la forma del edificio receptivo al clima con un sistema de enfriamiento de confort integrado sensible, lo que ofrece un mayor nivel de eficiencia energética, visto también como un factor adquirido de resiliencia frente a las amenazas estimadas del cambio climático. Tal prototipo de edificio hipotético puede resultar como un contribuyente beneficioso en el proceso actual de despliegue rápido de fuentes de energía renovables en el sector de la construcción regional, observado también desde la perspectiva de la transición energética en curso de la Unión Europea
Sommerfeldt, Nelson. "Demonstrating the significance of microclimate on annual building energy simulations using RadTherm." Thesis, KTH, Uthålliga byggnadssystem, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102850.
Повний текст джерелаAhmad, Mushtaq. "Systematic time-based study for quantifying the uncertainty of uncalibrated models in building energy simulations." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1191.
Повний текст джерелаCoonick, Alun Howard. "Dynamic aspects of a wind/diesel system with flywheel energy storage." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46726.
Повний текст джерелаWisniewski, Daniel. "Simulations of Dynamic Nuclear Polarization pathways in large spin ensembles." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/39045/.
Повний текст джерелаHøseggen, Rasmus Z. "Dynamic use of the building structure - energy performance and thermal environment." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1998.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objectives of this thesis have been to evaluate how, under which premises, and to what extent building thermal mass can contribute to reduce the net energy demand in office buildings. The thesis also assesses the potential thermal environmental benefits of utilizing thermal mass in office buildings, i.e. reduction of temperature peaks, reduction of temperature swings, and the reduction in the number of hours with excessive operative temperatures. This has been done by literature searches, and experimental and analytical assessments. This thesis mainly concerns office buildings in the Norwegian climate. However, the methods used and the results obtained from this work are transferable to other countries with similar climates and building codes.
Within the limitations of this thesis and based on the findings from all parts and papers this thesis comprises, it is shown that utilization of thermal mass in office buildings reduces the daytime peak temperature, reduces the diurnal temperature swing, decreases the number of hours with excessive temperatures, and increases the ability of a space to handle daytime heat loads. Exposed thermal mass also contributes to decrease the net cooling demand in buildings. However, thermal mass is found to have only a minor influence on the heating demand in office buildings.
The quantity of the achievements is dependent on the amount of exposed thermal mass, night ventilation strategy, and airflow rates. In addition, parameters such as set point temperatures, control ranges, occupancy patterns, daytime ventilation airflow rates, and prevailing convection regimes are influential for the achieved result. The importance of these parameters are quantified and discussed.
Hovedmålene med denne avhandlingen har vært å evaluere hvordan, under hvilke forutsetninger og i hvilken utstrekning termisk masse kan bidra til å redusere netto energibehov i kontorbygninger. Avhandlingen vurderer også hvilke potensielle fordeler termisk masse har for det termiske inneklimaet, dvs. reduksjon av maksimumstemperatur, temperatursvingninger og antall timer med overtemperaturer. Disse undersøkelsene er gjort gjennom søk i litteraturen, feltstudier og analytiske metoder. Avhandlingen omfatter i hovedsak kontorbygninger under norske forhold, men metodene og resultatene er overførbare til andre land med sammenlignbare klimatiske forhold og byggeskikk.
Innenfor avgrensningene gjort i avhandlingen og basert funnene i de ulike delene og artiklene avhandlingen består av, er det vist at utnyttelse av termisk masse i kontorbygg bidrar til å redusere netto energibehov. Termisk masse reduserer også maksimumstemperaturen dagtid, demper temperaturvariasjonene over døgnet og reduserer antall timer med overtemperaturer. Utnyttelse av termisk masse bidrar også til at rom kan tåle en høyere intern varmelast enn lette rom uten at dette går ut over den termiske komforten. Termisk masse har imidlertid liten betydning for energibehovet for oppvarming i kontorbygg.
Gevinsten med å utnytte termisk masse avhenger av tilgjengeligheten av eksponerte tunge materialer, strategi for nattventilasjon og ventilasjonsluftmengder. I tillegg innvirker parametere som settpunkttemperaturer, dødbånd og kontrollintervaller for ventilasjonen og bruksmønster. Innvirkningen av disse parametrene er diskutert og kvantifisert.
Bemis, Jamie (Jamie L. ). "Urban building energy modeling as a dynamic tool for sustainability planning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105072.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 33-34).
Cities around the world are actively aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in an effort to combat the negative consequences associated with anthropogenic climate change. The City of Boston is no exception-in 2011, then-mayor Tom Menino established the rigorous goals of reducing city-wide greenhouse gas emissions by 25% by 2020 and by 80% below 2005 levels by 2050. Given the realities of finite time and resources, it's critical to identify the most effective strategies to achieving energy efficiency in order to meet these objectives. This thesis explores how urban building energy modeling (UBEM) can be utilized to develop high-impact community-led energy efficiency programs. UBEM is a recently developed type of bottom-up energy modeling that presents a number of advantages over past urban energy modeling methods- namely, the ability for comparing complex scenarios, and the ability to generate hourly load profiles for individuals buildings. In addition, literature suggests that community-based energy efficiency programs achieve higher participation rates than traditional information-based programs. This thesis combines the technical benefits of UBEM with the practical advantages of community-led energy efficiency programs to develop a context-specific and community-based energy efficiency program for the Dudley Triangle neighborhood of Boston. It then explores how this type of a program can achieve the triple bottom line objectives of creating high quality local jobs, reducing environmental impacts, and supporting a local economy.
by Jamie Bemis.
M.C.P.
Liu, Jingyuan. "Diversity and templating in hydrazone dynamic combinatorial libraries : new building blocks, recognition and simulations." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613097.
Повний текст джерелаGarcia, Kerdan I. "Optimisation of building energy retrofit strategies using dynamic exergy analysis and exergoeconomics." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1546154/.
Повний текст джерелаPersson, Johannes. "Low-energy buildings : energy use, indoor climate and market diffusion." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Energiprocesser, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-143480.
Повний текст джерелаQC 20140321
Anastasopoulou, Kyriaki. "Creation of a Low Energy Building with the help of Energy Simulation." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-25325.
Повний текст джерелаOnline Presentation
Karami, Peyman. "Robust and Durable Vacuum Insulation Technology for Buildings." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-176494.
Повний текст джерелаDagens byggnader ansvarar för omkring 40% av världens energianvändning och står också för en väsentlig del av utsläppen av växthusgaser. I Sverige kan ca 21 % av energianvändningen relateras till förluster genom klimatskalet. Miljonprogrammet är ett namn för omkring en miljon bostäder som byggdes mellan 1965 och 1974, och många av dessa byggnader har en dålig energiprestanda efter dagens mått. Huvudsyftet med denna studie har varit att utforska möjligheterna att använda vakuumisoleringspaneler (VIP:ar) i byggnader med viss fokus på tillämpning i Miljonprogrammets byggnader. Med en värmeledningsförmåga som är ca 8 - 10 gånger bättre än för traditionell isolering erbjuder VIP:arna unika möjligheter till förbättrad termisk prestanda med minimal isolerings tjocklek. Denna avhandling hade tre huvudsyften. Det första var att undersöka nya alternativ för kärnmaterial som bland annat kan reducera kostnaden vid produktion av VIP:ar. Tre nyutvecklade nanoporösa kiselpulver har testats med olika stationära och transienta metoder. En inom projektet utvecklad testbädd som kan anslutas till TPS instrument (Transient Plane Source sensor), har använts för att mäta värmeledningsförmågan hos kärnmaterial för VIP:ar, vid varierande gastryck och olika mekaniska laster. Slutsatsen blev att transienta metoder är mindre lämpliga för utföra mätningar av värmeledningsförmåga för nanoporösa kiselpulver låg densitet. Avvikelsen i resultaten är dock minimal för densiteter ovan en gräns då värmeledningen genom fasta material blir dominerande jämfört med värmeöverföring genom strålning. Det andra syftet har varit att föreslå ett nytt monteringssystem för VIP:ar som kan användas för att förbättra energieffektiviteten i byggnader som är typiska för Miljonprogrammet. Genom parametrisk analys och dynamiska simuleringar har vi kommit fram till ett förslag på ett nytt monteringssystem för VIP:ar som har utvärderats genom fullskaleförsök i klimatkammare. Resultaten från fullskaleförsöken visar att den nya tekniska lösningen förbättrar väggens U-värde med upp till 56 %. En förbättrad värmegenomgångskoefficienten för väggen i mitten av en VIP blev mellan 0.118 till 0,132 W m-2K-1 och värmeledningstalet centre-av-panel 7 mW m-1K-1 uppnåddes. Detta arbete innehåller dessutom en ny metod för att mäta köldbryggor i anslutningar med hjälp av infraröd termografi. En effektiv värmeledningsförmåga för 10.9 mW m-1K-1 uppnåddes. Resultaten tyder även på att den verkliga termiska prestandan av VIP:ar i konstruktioner är något sämre än mätvärden för paneler i laboratorium. En effektiv värmeledningsförmåga av 10.9 mW m-1K-1 ger dock väggkonstruktionen en utmärkt termisk prestanda. Det tredje syftet har varit att bedöma miljöpåverkan av en VIP-isolerad byggnad, från produktion till drift, eftersom en livscykelanalys av hela byggnader som är isolerade med vakuumisoleringspaneler inte har gjorts tidigare. Slutsatsen var att VIP:ar har en större miljöpåverkan än traditionell isolering, i alla kategorier förutom ozonnedbrytande potential. VIP:ar har en mätbar påverkan på de totala utsläppen av växthusgaser och primärenergianvändningen i byggnader när både produktion och drift beaktas. Miljöpåverkan av de använda VIP:arna är dock positiv jämfört med GWP av en standardbyggnad (en minskning med 6 %) medan primärenergianvändningen ökade med 20 %. Slutsatsen var att ytterligare användning av VIP:ar gynnas av reducerad energiförbrukning och alternativa energikällor i produktionen av nanoporösa kiselpulver medan användningen av alternativa kärnmaterial och återvinning av VIP kärnor kan hjälpa till att minska miljöpåverkan. En känslighetsanalys visade att valet av VIP:ar har en betydande inverkan på miljöpåverkan, vilket ger möjlighet att reducera den totala användningen av primärenergi i en byggnad med 12 % och utsläppen av växthusgaser kan vara minska, så mycket som 11 % när det gäller både produktion och drift under 50 år. Avslutningsvis är det möjligt att dra slutsatsen att VIP:ar är ett mycket konkurrenskraftigt alternativ för att isolera byggnader som är typiska för Miljonprogrammet. Dock krävs ytterligare undersökningar för att minimera de mätbara miljöeffekter som förvärvats i denna LCA-studie för VIP-isolerade byggnader.
QC 20151109
Simulations of heat and moisture conditions in a retrofit wall construction with Vacuum Insulation Panels
Textural and thermal conductivity properties of a low density mesoporous silica material
A study of the thermal conductivity of granular silica materials for VIPs at different levels of gaseous pressure and external loads
Evaluation of the thermal conductivity of a new nanoporous silica material for VIPs – trends of thermal conductivity versus density
A comparative study of the environmental impact of Swedish residential buildings with vacuum insulation panels
ETICS with VIPs for improving buildings from the Swedish million unit program “Miljonprogrammet”
Doban, Nicolae. "Building predictive models for dynamic line rating using data science techniques." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187812.
Повний текст джерелаBontemps, Stéphanie. "Validation expérimentale de modèles : application aux bâtiments basse consommation." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0337/document.
Повний текст джерелаConstruction of low, passive and positive energy buildings is generalizing and existing buildings are being renovated. For this reason, it is essential to use simulation in order to estimate, among other things, energy and environmental performances reached by these new buildings. Expectations regarding guarantee of energy performance being more and more important, it is crucial to ensure the reliability of simulation tools being used. Indeed, simulation codes should reflect the behavior of these new kinds of buildings in the most consistent and accurate manner. Moreover, the uncertainty related to design parameters, as well as solicitations and building uses have to be taken into account in order to guarantee building energy performance during its lifetime.This thesis investigates the empirical validation of models applied to a test cell building. This validation process is divided into several steps, during which the quality of the model is evaluated as far as consistency and accuracy are concerned. Several study cases were carried out, from which we were able to identify the most influential parameters on model output, inspect the influence of time step on the empirical validation process, analyze the influence of initialization and confirm methodology’s ability to test the model
Caleiro, Luis Carlos Ferreira. "Dynamic simulation of strategies for thermal comfort using phase change materials." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14382.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, as global warming becomes one of the most urgent problems in the world, there is a need to find better ways to utilize energy: not only in the field of energy production, transmission, distribution, and consumption, but also in the area of energy storage. With energy storage technologies, it is possible to overcome the contradiction between the energy production and consumption, alleviate the tense production load of power plants at peak hours, and reduce consumers’ electricity costs by avoiding higher peak hour tariffs. Thermal energy storage, or heat and cold storage, allows the storage of heat or cold to be used later. This method needs to be reversible so it allows for multiple cycles. The technology that was studied for this effect was Phase Change Materials or PCMs. With that in mind, and with the help of dynamic building simulation software, EnergyPlus, several scenarios of an existing build that has PCM incorporated were studied in order to ascertain the real effect the technology is having on the case study, including thermal comfort.
Hoje em dia, com o aquecimento global a tornar-se um dos problemas mais urgentes da Terra, há necessidade de encontrar melhores maneiras de utilizar energia: não apenas no campo da produção de energia, transmissão, distribuição e consumo, mas também na área de armazenamento de energia. Com tecnologias de armazenamento de energia, é possível de ultrapassar a contradição entre a produção e consumo, aliviar a tensão que existe na produção nas estações de energia nas horas de pico e reduzir o custo de electricidade aos utentes ao evitar as tarifas nas horas de pico. A armazenagem de energia calorífica, do calor e frio, permite o armazenamento de calor ou frio para ser usado mais tarde. Este método precisa de ser reversível para permitir vários ciclos deste processo. A tecnologia estudada para este efeito foi os materiais que mudam de fase, ou PCMs (Phase Change Materials). Com isto em mente, e com a ajuda de software de simulação dinâmica, EnergyPlus, vários cenários de um edifício existente que tem PCM incorporado foram estudados em ordem de poder concluir o verdadeiro efeito que a tecnologia está a ter no caso estudo, incluindo o conforto térmico.
Hamm, Marc. "Dynamic mean field simulations of liquid crystalline and amorphous (co)polymers : building a model for polymer joining." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619528.
Повний текст джерелаNorbert, Harmati. "Energy performance optimization of administrative buildings in the function of occupant comfort." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2015. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=94816&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Повний текст джерелаИстраживање је усмерено на повећање ефикасности и унапређење енергетских перформанси вишеспратних административних зграда у умереним климатским условима. Посебан нагласак је на постизању и одржавању прихватљивих унутрашњих микроклиматских стандарда и термичког комфора корисника. Истраживања су заснована на комплексној вишекритеријумској оптимизацији уз примену најсавременије технологије динамичке енергетске симулације. Развијена је методологија, флексибилна и прилагодљива, за вредновање и унапређење енергетских перформанси у функцији корисничког комфора, за примене и на друге сличне и новопројектоване објекте. Формулисан модел је подобан за даља унапређења и примену у различитим климатским условима.
Istraživanje je usmereno na povećanje efikasnosti i unapređenje energetskih performansi višespratnih administrativnih zgrada u umerenim klimatskim uslovima. Poseban naglasak je na postizanju i održavanju prihvatljivih unutrašnjih mikroklimatskih standarda i termičkog komfora korisnika. Istraživanja su zasnovana na kompleksnoj višekriterijumskoj optimizaciji uz primenu najsavremenije tehnologije dinamičke energetske simulacije. Razvijena je metodologija, fleksibilna i prilagodljiva, za vrednovanje i unapređenje energetskih performansi u funkciji korisničkog komfora, za primene i na druge slične i novoprojektovane objekte. Formulisan model je podoban za dalja unapređenja i primenu u različitim klimatskim uslovima.
Rodríguez-Urdaneta, Alejandro. "Geographical Mapping of the Building Envelope Surface Optimal Optical Properties Minimizing the Energy used to Maintain Indoor Conditions." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energiteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-35491.
Повний текст джерелаVarios estudios han demostrado que las propiedades ópticas de las envolturas delos edificios son importantes en términos de consumo energético y de nivel deconfort térmico. Sin embargo, no se ha encontrado estudio alguno con respecto alas propiedades ópticas óptimas para las envolturas de los edificios.Conjuntamente, los desarrollos en la industria de bobinas metálicas revestidas hanhecho posible diseñar superficies selectivas rentables para el sector de laconstrucción. Basándose en lo anteriormente expuesto, este estudio pretendemapear las propiedades ópticas óptimas de la envoltura que minimizan el uso deenergía para edificios de gran volumen abierto localizados en Estocolmo,Copenhague, Liverpool, Ámsterdam, Berlín, Viena, Berna, Roma y Madrid.Un edificio podría ser visto como un sistema de conversión de energía solar muycomplejo, que es muy difícil de describir con precisión. No obstante, es posibleutilizar las herramientas de Simulación de Energía de Edificios (BES) para modelar,hasta cierto punto, su rendimiento térmico bajo una considerable cantidad desuposiciones simplistas. El programa de simulación TRNSYS 17 y el programa deoptimización GenOpt fueron seleccionadas para este estudio. Adicionalmente, conel fin de evaluar la metodología utilizada para la creación de los modelos desimulación para edificios de gran volumen abierto, se utilizaron datos detallados derendimiento térmico de edificios de pequeño volumen abierto, obtenidos durantemediciones pasivas del fabricante de acero SSAB, en Borlänge-Suecia. Lasvariaciones en el diseño de edificios de gran volumen abierto en toda Europa noestán bien documentadas, lo que constituye uno de los principales impedimentospara esta investigación. Sin embargo, los datos detallados y en orden cronológicode los niveles de aislamiento térmico (U-value) en la construcción europea,recopilados por el proyecto de la Unión Europea llamado iNSPiRe, permitieronalcanzar el objetivo de este estudio.El trabajo de simulación demostró que las propiedades ópticas óptimas de laenvoltura del edificio están relacionadas con la magnitud de las cargas decalefacción y refrigeración. En consecuencia, GenOpt fue utilizado para graficar lasensibilidad de las propiedades ópticas óptimas de la envolvente del edificio conrespecto a la proporción entre la demanda de calefacción y la demanda total deenergía (Qheat/Qtotal). En cuanto a las propiedades ópticas óptimas del edificio degran volumen abierto en las ubicaciones seleccionadas, se encontró que laasignación de propiedades ópticas óptimas no conduce a ahorros de energíasignificativos en ubicaciones con disponibilidad solar relativamente baja y altosniveles de aislamiento térmico. Sin embargo, un último estudio de propiedadesópticas de envolvente para un modelo de construcción de pequeño volumen abiertobasado en tres edificios existentes que difieren sólo en sus propiedades ópticas serealizó para 243 capitales mundiales. Las simulaciones reforzaron los resultadospara el edificio de gran volumen abierto en las localidades europeas, y ademásmostraron un enorme potencial de ahorro de energía para la mayoría de lascapitales mundiales. Esta investigación reitera los resultados obtenidos por Joudi (2015), "Posibles ahorros de energía por la elección inteligente de propiedadesópticas en las superficies interiores y exteriores del edificio".
Zhang, Rongpeng. "Dynamic Optimization of Integrated Active - Passive Strategies for Building Enthalpy Control." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/404.
Повний текст джерелаGallardo, Carla. "Residential building stocks and flows as dynamic systems : Chilean dwelling stock and energy modeling, including earthquakes." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for vann- og miljøteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18786.
Повний текст джерелаREALI, MAURO. "Development of innovative materials for building envelopes in dynamic behavior for energy saving and environmental sustainability." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/253016.
Повний текст джерелаThe energy saving, the exploitation of renewable energy, respect for the environment, and living comfort, represent the objectives of the research conducted, relating to the theme of Civil and Environmental Protection, in the building sector. Specifically, innovative glasses have been developed capable of reconciling contrasting aspects such as: guaranteeing the introspection of natural light and at the same time managing the external thermal contributions. The studied prototypes are able to adapt to external stimuli, thanks to organic photochromatic elements that, under the solar radiation, gradually darken by increasing the reflected energy and ensuring the containment of internal temperatures. When the solar radiation drops, they return transparent, letting the sunlight filter through. The ratio of the glasses is the shielding of the thermal energy thanks to the assembly of Low-E glasses, reflecting the infrared radiation, with photochromatic elements able to reflect, activating, the ultraviolet band and a large part of the visible radiation. In experimental campaigns, it was possible to appreciate the performance of experimental glasses, comparing them with those of a low-emission sample module (one of the most performing and widespread products on the market). The advantages of the experimental glasses were quantified, according to the technical procedures of the Standards UNI EN 410/2000 and UNI EN 673/2011, through the evaluation of the characteristic parameters of the windows, first of all the solar factor G which is the total thermal energy transmitted by glass and the light transmission factor v representing introjected natural light. The tests have confirmed the validity of the experimental modules that, at the most obscuring, have managed to screen 25% more thermal energy, compared to the reference sample and guarantee 8 ÷ 10 degrees K less temperature inside the boxes; while, in the transparent state, they guaranteed the introspection of natural light.
Huang, Puxi. "Hygrothermal performance of Moso bamboo-based building material." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715306.
Повний текст джерелаLam, King-hang, and 林勁恆. "Techniques for dynamic modelling of BIPV in supporting system design and BEMS." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39558460.
Повний текст джерелаSamant, Gajanan Balkrishna. "Verification of the "Energy Accumulation in Waves Travelling through a Checkerboard Dielectric Material Structure in Space-time" Using Spice Simulations." Digital WPI, 2009. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1210.
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