Дисертації з теми "Budget Indonesia"
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Syakhroza, Akhmad. "Influence of politics on the budgeting process : a study of the fertiliser manufacturing industry in Indonesia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2001. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1043.
Повний текст джерелаWidjaja, Chaerul Anam. "Budget deficit impact on trade balance and financial policy adjustments in Indonesia, 1971-1993." Thesis, University of Bath, 1998. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760722.
Повний текст джерелаPardon, Lénaïc. "Modelling of the nitrogen budget of oil palm plantations to help reduce losses to the environment. Case study in Sumatra, Indonesia." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2017. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/52952/1/52952-pardon-2017-thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPardon, Lénaïc. "Modelling of the nitrogen budget of oil palm plantations to help reduce losses to the environment. Case study in Sumatra, Indonesia." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IAVF0018/document.
Повний текст джерелаHumanity faces the challenges of urgently decreasing the environmental impact of agriculture, shifting diets and increasing food production. Oil palm is a tropical perennial crop emblematic of these challenges. While its cultivation can be associated with environmental impacts, oil palm can produce 3 to 7 t of edible oil ha-1 in optimal conditions, which is 7 to 10 fold higher than in annual oil crops. In this context, improving palm oil production sustainability is crucial for both reducing negative environmental impacts and ensuring food security. Application of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilisers was identified as a major source of environmental impacts associated with the cultivation of oil palm. Life cycle assessments of palm oil have already been performed to help quantify impacts and identify potential improvements of management practices. However, the only available emission models to estimate N losses to environment are generally valid for annual crops and temperate climate conditions. The use of such general models in life cycle assessment may lead to very uncertain results or to low sensitivity of assessments to management practices. The overall objective of this research work was to help identify management practices to reduce N losses in the environment. The core of the work was hence to develop a model that estimates all N losses in oil palm plantations, while being sensitive to management practices. The study focused on N fluxes in industrial oil palm plantations on mineral soils. We performed four steps in order to complete the objectives of this research work. First, we conducted a literature review of all the existing knowledge about N fluxes and losses in plantations. Second, we compared 11 existing models that may be used to predict N losses in plantations. Third, we performed an in-depth Morris’s sensitivity analysis of one of the models, the APSIM-Oil palm process-based model. Fourth, we used all the information identified in the previous chapters, together with expert knowledge, to build IN-Palm, an agri-environmental indicator for N losses in oil palm plantations. We used the INDIGO® method and the fuzzy decision tree modelling approach to develop IN-Palm, and we validated this indicator using a field dataset of N leaching from a plantation in Sumatra, Indonesia. Our literature review and model comparison showed that oil palm peculiarities may impact significantly N dynamics and losses. We identified research gaps and uncertainties about N losses, their drivers and the modelling of oil palm peculiarities. We identified the main drivers of N losses and yield in the APSIM-Oil palm processbased model. We built IN-Palm, which uses 21 readily available input variables to estimate each N loss pathway. IN-Palm predictions of N leaching were acceptable, and IN-Palm has shown efficient to help testing management changes. This research constitutes a comprehensive synthesis of the available knowledge and models for N fluxes and losses in oil palm plantations. One of the main results is a novel agri-environmental indicator, IN-Palm, operationally-oriented, sensitive to local practices and environmental conditions, as well as potentially useable as an emission model for holistic approaches such as life cycle assessment. The INDIGO® method and fuzzy decision tree modelling approach were shown to be very well adapted for building agri-environmental indicators in contexts of knowledge scarcity. This indicator can be a useful base for further research about using agrienvironmental indicators to reduce uncertainty in life cycle assessment, and for future adaptations for other tropical perennial crops
Sörensson, Erika. "Making a living in the world of tourism : Livelihoods in backpacker tourism in urban Indonesia." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Social and Economic Geography, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1658.
Повний текст джерелаIn many ‘Third World’ societies tourism is seen as a force for economic development and socie-tal change. Employment in tourism has increased, new destinations have been drawn into tour-ism circuits, and many ‘Third World’ governments have adopted ‘pro-poor’ tourism policies as part of their poverty reduction strategies. However, the tourism sector appears to be particularly volatile and can be subject to dramatic fluctuations, both in terms of volumes and tourists’ des-tination choices, which means that people working in tourism are exposed to globalising forces and preferences far beyond their control.
The aim of this study is to explore the contents and meanings of work within tourism as narrated by formal and informal tourism workers in an urban backpacker enclave in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The study is concerned with the ‘receiving end’ of international tourism, and specifi-cally with the experiences of people who make their livelihoods within the low-budget tourism sector, in which ‘Western’ backpackers are key actors.
In this study the tourism phenomenon is seen from the context of global asymmetrical power relations, but social relations at the local level in Yogyakarta city are given centre stage. The social relations that constitute the Sosrowijayan area as a place are complex. While back-packers come to Sosrowijayan in search of cheap tourism facilities, the general public in Yogya-karta construct the area as the centre of prostitution in the city. However, the inhabitants of Sosrowijayan draw boundaries between people and places in very refined ways.
These boundaries are gendered in the sense that above all female sex workers are blamed for the negative perceptions of the area. They are constructed as ‘outsiders’ because of their ‘deviant’ lifestyle and ‘choice’ of occupation (social class) and because they are said to be migrants from other areas in Indonesia. In Sosrowijayan boundary constructions also take place between male tourism workers who claim allegiance to different groups and categories within their profession or livelihood niche. They make distinctions between ‘insiders’ and ‘outsiders’; the ‘insiders’ are born in the area, while the ‘outsiders’ are narrated as being from other parts of the city, or the country, and/or engage in sexual relations with Western tourists.
The study shows that relations of class, gender, and colonial and/or ‘race’ stereotypes come into play in encounters between tourists and tourist workers. Tourism workers consider themselves to be ‘providers of fun’ which means that they are supposed to meet the needs of the tourists, whatever those needs might be, such as material or sexual. In this relationship the Indonesian tourism workers might be interpreted as the racialised service class that make the backpacker-consumer possible. The study also shows that tourism workers in Sosrowijayan are not only immobile in comparison to the highly mobile backpackers from whom they earn their livelihoods, but also that they are at the receiving end of a type of mobility which is initiated and performed far beyond their control.
Delmelle, Pierre. "Geochemical, isotopic and heat budget study of two volcano-hosted hydrothermal systems: the acid crater lakes of Kawah Ijen, Indonesia, and Taal, philippines, volcanoes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212559.
Повний текст джерелаKoks, Josephus [Verfasser], Edzo [Akademischer Betreuer] Veldkamp, Alexander [Gutachter] Knohl, and Heinz [Gutachter] Flessa. "Tropical forest conversion to rubber and oil palm plantations: landscape-scale and inter-annual variability of soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes and the contribution of tree-stem emissions to the soil GHG budget in Jambi province, Sumatra, Indonesia / Josephus Koks ; Gutachter: Alexander Knohl, Heinz Flessa ; Betreuer: Edzo Veldkamp." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1213096316/34.
Повний текст джерелаAdi, Priyo Hari. "Rent-Seeking Behaviour in Local Government Budget in Indonesia." Thesis, 2018. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/37844/.
Повний текст джерелаHaryanto, Agus. "The effects of budget allocation on external borrowing the case of Indonesia /." 1991. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/27928698.html.
Повний текст джерелаRasyanti, Alina Hasna, and 艾麗娜. "Variable Pricing in Hotel Industry: A Case Study for Budget Hotel In Indonesia." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48724158927247845912.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣科技大學
工業管理系
101
The rising popularity of revenue management (RM) as a strategy to effectively allocate price and perishable resources nowadays is unquestionable. Relevant literatures in the context of RM are kept developing with their respective complexities, unexceptionally for hotel revenue management. However, not all of RM basic concepts could be applied to hotel industry, especially to budget hotels. Limited resource in advanced and integrated reservation system often hampers the process of recording booking request. This research therefore attempted to implement RM strategy in a more practical way through variable pricing, in a budget hotel in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. There are two customer segments involved in revenue calculation. The first segment is the group customer who dominated demand from January to June and from November to December, and the second is business customer who dominated demand from July to October. Variable pricing is implemented to obtain the optimum price for each month whereas revenue is achieved from simulating several scenarios under various conditions. Comparison of all scenarios proved that employing variable pricing would give better outcome, not only when executing it under current demand but also in the condition of stochastically or randomly generated demand. The result can be a good reference for hotel decision maker in the future.
Kurniawan, Syahrul. "Conversion of lowland forests to rubber and oil palm plantations changes nutrient leaching and nutrient retention efficiency in highly weathered soils of Sumatra, Indonesia." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0028-8706-8.
Повний текст джерелаRamadyanto, Widodo. "Fiscal Risks and Impacts Assessment on the Renewable Energy Policies in Indonesia." Thesis, 2019. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/38647/.
Повний текст джерелаSantoso, Slamet Budi. "Stakeholders Collaboration in Poverty Reduction Programs in South Sulawesi, Indonesia: A Case Study." Thesis, 2018. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/40044/.
Повний текст джерелаKoks, Josephus. "Tropical forest conversion to rubber and oil palm plantations: landscape-scale and inter-annual variability of soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes and the contribution of tree-stem emissions to the soil GHG budget in Jambi province, Sumatra, Indonesia." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-13F8-E.
Повний текст джерелаHidayat, Muhammad Syamsu, and MuhammadSyamsuHidayat. "Indonesia’s Health Decentralization: an Initial Evaluation Assessing Allocative Efficiency on Indonesia’s Health Budget." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78483481626391590451.
Повний текст джерела亞洲大學
健康管理研究所
94
Indonesia has enacted fiscal decentralization for six years. The first three years is a critical time for the continuance of this program. If it is considered less beneficial than the program will be likely to be suspended or dissolved. Important policy questions whether decentralization leads to more or less public/preventive health expenditure allocation, and whether local governments are effective in the provision of health care service. This study systematically examines these questions using data set on government health expenditure that are provided by the Indonesia’s Department of Health combined with secondary data from Indonesia Bureau of Statistic and Indonesia’s Demographic and Health Survey. The results show that local health expenditures decreased after devolution even though we could not assure whether it has any effect on children immunization coverage.
Arkas, Viddy. "A study of economic interchange between central and provincial governments in Indonesia : the case of East Kalimantan (Kalimantan Timur)." Thesis, 2009. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/30056/.
Повний текст джерела