Готові списки джерел за темами / Bubble-cell interaction

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Bubble-cell interaction"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 1 червня 2024

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Зміст

  1. Статті в журналах
  2. Дисертації
  3. Книги
  4. Частини книг
  5. Тези доповідей конференцій

Статті в журналах з теми "Bubble-cell interaction":

1

Maxworthy, T. "Bubble formation, motion and interaction in a Hele-Shaw cell." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 173 (December 1986): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002211208600109x.

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We consider the motion of the flattened bubbles which form when air is injected into a viscous fluid contained in the narrow gap between two flat, parallel plates which make up a conventional Hele-Shaw cell, inclined at an angle x to the horizontal. We present a number of qualitative observations on the formation and interaction of the streams of bubbles that appear when air is injected continuously into the cell. The majority of this paper is then concerned with the shape and velocity of rise of single, isolated bubbles over a wide range of bubble size and cell inclination. We compare these results to theories by Taylor & Saffman (1959), and Tanveer (1986). It appears that the bubble characteristics found by an ad hoc speculation in Taylor & Saffman (1959) and by Tanveer (1986) only agree with the experimental results in the limit α → 0, and for large bubble widths (D). For finite values of α, it is necessary to use the measured bubble shape in order to calculate the rise velocity using the more general Taylor & Saffman (1959) formulation. Deviations from these theories for small D can be explained by considering the effects of the detailed flow close to the bubble surface.
2

Tomita, Y., and K. Sato. "Pulsed jets driven by two interacting cavitation bubbles produced at different times." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 819 (April 27, 2017): 465–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.185.

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An experiment is performed using high-speed photography to elucidate the behaviours of jets formed by the interactions of two laser-induced tandem bubbles produced axisymmetrically for a range of dimensionless interaction parameters such as the bubble size ratio, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}$, the distance between the two cavitation bubbles, $l_{0}^{\ast }$, and the time difference in bubble generation, $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}^{\ast }$. A strong interaction occurs for $l_{0}^{\ast }<1$. The first bubble produced (bubble A) deforms because of the rapid growth of the second bubble (bubble B) to create a pulsed conical jet, sometimes with spray formation at the tip, formed by the small amount of water confined between the two bubbles. This phenomenon is followed by bubble penetration, toroidal bubble collapse, and the subsequent fast contraction of bubble B accompanied by a fine jet. The formation mechanism of the conical jet is similar to that of a water spike developed in air from a deformed free surface of a single growing bubble; however, the pressures of the gases surrounding each type of jet differ. The jet behaviours can be controlled by manipulating the interaction parameters; the jet velocity is significantly affected by $\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}$ and $l_{0}^{\ast }$, but less so by $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}^{\ast }$ for $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}^{\ast }>\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}_{c}^{\ast }$ ($\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}_{c}^{\ast }$ being the critical birth-time difference). The optimum time of jet impact, at which bubble A reaches its maximum volume, depends on $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}^{\ast }$. It is generally later for larger values of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}$. A pulsed jet could be used to create small pores in a cell membrane; therefore, the reported method may be useful for application in tandem-bubble sonoporation.
3

Nguyen, Van Luc, Tomohiro Degawa, and Tomomi Uchiyama. "Numerical simulation of the interaction between a vortex ring and a bubble plume." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 29, no. 9 (September 2, 2019): 3192–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-12-2018-0734.

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Purpose This paper aims to provide discussions of a numerical method for bubbly flows and the interaction between a vortex ring and a bubble plume. Design/methodology/approach Small bubbles are released into quiescent water from a cylinder tip. They rise under the buoyant force, forming a plume. A vortex ring is launched vertically upward into the bubble plume. The interactions between the vortex ring and the bubble plume are numerically simulated using a semi-Lagrangian–Lagrangian approach composed of a vortex-in-cell method for the fluid phase and a Lagrangian description of the gas phase. Findings A vortex ring can transport the bubbles surrounding it over a distance significantly depending on the correlative initial position between the bubbles and the core center. The motion of some bubbles is nearly periodic and gradually extinguishes with time. These bubble trajectories are similar to two-dimensional-helix shapes. The vortex is fragmented into multiple regions with high values of Q, the second invariant of velocity gradient tensor, settling at these regional centers. The entrained bubbles excite a growth rate of the vortex ring's azimuthal instability with a formation of the second- and third-harmonic oscillations of modes of 16 and 24, respectively. Originality/value A semi-Lagrangian–Lagrangian approach is applied to simulate the interactions between a vortex ring and a bubble plume. The simulations provide the detail features of the interactions.
4

Pattinson, Oliver, Dario Carugo, Fabrice Pierron, and Nicholas Evans. "Ultra-high speed quantification of cell strain during cell-microbubble interactions." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010950.

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Interactions between oscillating microbubbles and cells are of fundamental importance in understanding cell behaviour, including mechanotransduction, during therapeutic microbubble treatment. However, it is challenging to quantify cell deformation due to the short time domains at which microbubble-induced deformations occur. Developments in both ultra-high speed imaging and image processing may allow for quantification of cell strain at high temporal and spatial resolutions. Here, we tested the hypothesis that ultra-high speed imaging and digital image correlation could be used to measure and quantify microbubble-induced cell deformation. A hypervision HPV-X camera and a custom-designed, compact acoustic cell-culture device were used together to image interactions between DSPC-microbubbles and MG-63 cells at up to 5 × 106 fps, under ultrasound exposure at 1 MHz. Dynamic cell deformation was measured using digital image correlation with MatchID software. Microbubbles associated with MG63 cells in the acoustic device. Microbubble oscillation resulted in a peak deformation of 350 nm and strain of 5% on the cell during the bubble expansion phase, isolated locally to the point of interaction. These data show that cell deformation can be quantified dynamically during bubble-cell interactions, suggesting that mechanical properties, and potentially corresponding therapeutic effects, can be quantified at high-frequency strain rates.
5

Maksimov, A. O., and T. G. Leighton. "Pattern formation on the surface of a bubble driven by an acoustic field." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 468, no. 2137 (August 17, 2011): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2011.0366.

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The final stable shape taken by a fluid–fluid interface when it experiences a growing instability can be important in determining features as diverse as weather patterns in the atmosphere and oceans, the growth of cell structures and viruses, and the dynamics of planets and stars. An example which is accessible to laboratory study is that of an air bubble driven by ultrasound when it becomes shape-unstable through a parametric instability. Above the critical driving pressure threshold for shape oscillations, which is minimal at the resonance of the breathing mode, regular patterns of surface waves are observed on the bubble wall. The existing theoretical models, which take account only of the interaction between the breathing and distortion modes, cannot explain the selection of the regular pattern on the bubble wall. This paper proposes an explanation which is based on the consideration of a three-wave resonant interaction between the distortion modes. Using a Hamiltonian approach to nonlinear bubble oscillation, corrections to the dynamical equations governing the evolution of the amplitudes of interacting surface modes have been derived. Steady-state solutions of these equations describe the formation of a regular structure. Our predictions are confirmed by images of patterns observed on the bubble wall.
6

Yuan, Fang, Chen Yang, and Pei Zhong. "Cell membrane deformation and bioeffects produced by tandem bubble-induced jetting flow." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 51 (December 9, 2015): E7039—E7047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518679112.

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Cavitation with bubble–bubble interaction is a fundamental feature in therapeutic ultrasound. However, the causal relationships between bubble dynamics, associated flow motion, cell deformation, and resultant bioeffects are not well elucidated. Here, we report an experimental system for tandem bubble (TB; maximum diameter = 50 ± 2 μm) generation, jet formation, and subsequent interaction with single HeLa cells patterned on fibronectin-coated islands (32 × 32 μm) in a microfluidic chip. We have demonstrated that pinpoint membrane poration can be produced at the leading edge of the HeLa cell in standoff distance Sd ≤ 30 μm, driven by the transient shear stress associated with TB-induced jetting flow. The cell membrane deformation associated with a maximum strain rate on the order of 104 s−1 was heterogeneous. The maximum area strain (εA,M) decreased exponentially with Sd (also influenced by adhesion pattern), a feature that allows us to create distinctly different treatment outcome (i.e., necrosis, repairable poration, or nonporation) in individual cells. More importantly, our results suggest that membrane poration and cell survival are better correlated with area strain integral (∫​εA2dt) instead of εA,M, which is characteristic of the response of materials under high strain-rate loadings. For 50% cell survival the corresponding area strain integral was found to vary in the range of 56 ∼ 123 μs with εA,M in the range of 57 ∼ 87%. Finally, significant variations in individual cell’s response were observed at the same Sd, indicating the potential for using this method to probe mechanotransduction at the single cell level.
7

Yu, J., Y. Hao, Z. X. Sheng, X. P. Zhang, J. P. Chen, J. Zhang, and J. Yang. "Application of higher-order FV-WENO scheme to the interaction between shock wave and bubble." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2701, no. 1 (February 1, 2024): 012116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2701/1/012116.

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Abstract The high-order finite volume-WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory) scheme combines the finite volume method with the WENO method, allowing for high-order accuracy and accurate simulation of complex physical phenomena. It has advantages in handling shock waves and bubble interactions. The idea of this method is to discretize the physical equations into a set of conservation equations and use the WENO method to calculate the numerical fluxes on each finite volume cell. This approach is effective in dealing with problems such as shock wave propagation, bubble deformation, and evolution. In fluid dynamics simulation and research, the high-order FV-WENO scheme has significant application prospects. It can provide accurate numerical solutions and simulate complex physical phenomena, making it widely applicable in scientific research and engineering. In this study, we simulated the interactions between shock waves and single or double bubbles, obtaining the complete process of bubble collapse with clear bubble interfaces and strong program stability.
8

Fei, K., C. H. Cheng та C. W. Hong. "Lattice Boltzmann Simulations of CO2 Bubble Dynamics at the Anode of a μDMFC". Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 3, № 2 (20 жовтня 2005): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2174067.

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This paper presents the bubble transport phenomenon at the anode of a micro-direct methanol fuel cell (μDMFC) from a mesoscopic viewpoint. Carbon dioxide bubbles generated at the anode may block part of the catalyst/diffusion layer and also the flow channels that cause the μDMFC malfunction. Lattice-Boltzmann simulations were performed in this paper to simulate the two-phase flow in a microchannel with an orifice which emulates the bubble dynamics in a simplified porous diffusion layer and in the flow channel. A two-dimensional, nine-velocity model was established. The buoyancy force, the liquid-gas surface tension, and the fluid-solid wall interaction force were considered and they were treated as source terms in the momentum equation. Simulation results and parametric studies show that the pore size, the fluid stream flow rate, the bubble surface tension, and the hydrophilic effect between the fluid and the solid wall play the major roles in the bubble dynamics. Larger pore size, higher methanol stream flow rate, and greater hydrophilicity are preferred for bubble removal at the anode diffusion layer and also the flow channels of the μDMFC.
9

Naire, Shailesh, and Oliver E. Jensen. "Epithelial cell deformation during surfactant-mediated airway reopening: a theoretical model." Journal of Applied Physiology 99, no. 2 (August 2005): 458–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00796.2004.

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A theoretical model is presented describing the reopening by an advancing air bubble of an initially liquid-filled collapsed airway lined with deformable epithelial cells. The model integrates descriptions of flow-structure interaction (accounting for nonlinear deformation of the airway wall and viscous resistance of the airway liquid flow), surfactant transport around the bubble tip (incorporating physicochemical parameters appropriate for Infasurf), and cell deformation (due to stretching of the airway wall and airway liquid flows). It is shown how the pressure required to drive a bubble into a flooded airway, peeling apart the wet airway walls, can be reduced substantially by surfactant, although the effectiveness of Infasurf is limited by slow adsorption at high concentrations. The model demonstrates how the addition of surfactant can lead to the spontaneous reopening of a collapsed airway, depending on the degree of initial airway collapse. The effective elastic modulus of the epithelial layer is shown to be a key determinant of the relative magnitude of strains generated by flow-induced shear stresses and by airway wall stretch. The model also shows how epithelial-layer compressibility can mediate strains arising from flow-induced normal stresses and stress gradients.
10

Wang, You, Xing Hua Wang, and Min Zhang. "Research on Mechanisms and Ground Uplifting Effects by Grouting Taken the Grouting-Soil-Building Interaction into Account." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 3488–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.3488.

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As excavation and precipitation involved in the foundation works will cause subsidence of the building foundation surrounding, grouting uplift technology is widely used to control settlement. In this paper, relied on rectification of one building, a three-dimensional finite difference model of grouting-soil-building interaction is established. Based on the method of imposed volumetric strain, the uplift process of grouting is simulated by expanding cell volume applied radial velocity to the grid nodes on the spherical slurry bubble. The variation regularity of surface deformation uplift, upper building deformation and internal forces on various stages of strata grouting are discussed and analyzed, and compared with the data on-site monitoring. The results show that the measured values and calculated values are in a good agreement. The method of applying the node speed to simulate non-uniform spherical expansion of multiple slurry bubble may predict the grouting uplifting preferably and provide a reference for design of grouting uplift and building rectification in the future.
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Статті в журналах

Дисертації з теми "Bubble-cell interaction":

1

Fauconnier, Maxime. "Acoustofluidics of nonspherical microbubbles : physics and mechanical interaction with biological cells." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSE1242.

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Sources d'effets acoustiques, mécaniques et thermiques importants, les microbulles de gaz sont largement utilisées à des fins industrielles et médicales. Entre autres, l'oscillation acoustique des microbulles permet d'internaliser des produits dans des cellules vivantes, ce qui ouvre la voie à de nombreuses applications thérapeutiques. Les régimes oscillatoires de grande amplitude nécessaires pour qu'il y ait une interaction significative avec les cellules peuvent être synonymes d'apparition d'instabilité de l'interface bulle et de modes dits non-sphériques d'oscillation de bulle, mais aussi d'implosion de bulle et de destruction cellulaire. Il semble donc nécessaire de contrôler leur dynamique afin de minimiser les effets néfastes et de maximiser l'action thérapeutique. Dans l’optique d’étudier l’action de la bulle oscillante à l’échelle cellulaire, ce manuscrit de thèse présente un travail expérimental en trois temps. Premièrement, la dynamique oscillatoire d'une bulle unique accrochée à une paroi est étudiée, notamment au travers des conditions d'apparition de ses modes non-sphériques. Dans un deuxième temps, les écoulements fluides, également appelés microstreaming, induits par une telle bulle non-sphérique sont analysés à partir d'une description quantitative de l'interface de bulle. Enfin, cette connaissance acquise sur une bulle oscillante est transposée à la configuration d'un couple bulle-cellule. Ces effets mécaniques induits s'appliquant sur une cellule à proximité sont analysés à la fois aux échelles de temps acoustique et fluidique
Sources of significant acoustic, mechanical and thermal effects, gas microbubbles are widely used for industrial and medical purposes. Among others, the acoustic oscillation of microbubbles make it possible to internalize products in living cells, which opens the way to numerous therapeutic applications. Large amplitude oscillatory regimes necessary for there to be a significant interaction with cells can be synonymous with the appearance of instability of the bubble interface and of the so-called nonspherical modes of bubble oscillation, but also to bubble collapse and cell destruction. It seems therefore necessary to control their dynamics in order to minimize the harmful effects and maximize the therapeutic action. With the view to study the action of the oscillating bubble at the cellular level, this thesis manuscript presents an experimental work in three stages. First, the oscillatory dynamics of a single bubble attached to a wall is studied, in particular through the conditions for the appearance of its nonspherical modes. Second, the appearance of fluid flows, also called microstreaming, induced by such a nonspherical bubble is analyzed on the basis of a quantitative description of its interface. Lastly, this knowledge acquired on an oscillating bubble is transposed to the configuration of a bubble-cell pair. The bubble-induced mechanical effects that apply on the cell are assessed at both the acoustic and the fluidic time scales
2

Ma, Ningning. "Quantitative studies of the bubble-cell interactions and the mechanisms of mammalian cell damage from hydrodynamic forces /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486459267518873.

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Книги з теми "Bubble-cell interaction":

1

Dey, Dipankar. Cell-bubble interactions during bubble disengagement in aerated bioreactors. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1998.

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Частини книг з теми "Bubble-cell interaction":

1

Tan, W. S., G. C. Dai, and Y. L. Chen. "Quantitative investigations of cell-bubble interactions using a foam fractionation technique." In Cell Culture Engineering IV, 321–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0257-5_35.

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2

Jordan, M., H. Sucker, F. Widmer, and H. M. Eppenberger. "Cell-bubble interactions during aeration are strongly influenced by surfactants in the medium and can be minimized in the newly developed bubble bed reactor." In Animal Cell Technology, 302–4. Elsevier, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-1845-8.50074-0.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Bubble-cell interaction":

1

Isono, Akane, and Nobuki Kudo. "A high-speed microscopic system for observation of bubble-cell interaction from a lateral direction." In 2017 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2017.8092145.

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2

Isono, Akane, and Nobuki Kudo. "A high-speed microscopic system for observation of bubble-cell interaction from a lateral direction." In 2017 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2017.8092661.

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3

Mondal, Joydip, Arpit Mishra, Rajaram Lakkaraju, and Parthasarathi Ghosh. "Numerical Examination of Jets Induced by Multi-Bubble Interactions." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87606.

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Jets produced by the interaction of collapsing cavitating bubbles containing high-pressure gases can be utilized for wide variety of applications e.g. particle erosion, medical purposes (lithotripsy, sonoporation), tannery effluent treatment, etc. Among the many parameters, this jetting is largely influenced by spatial orientation of bubbles, their times of inception, relative bubble size ratio. In this context, multiple cavitating bubbles are able to generate numerous simultaneous jets, under suitable conditions, hence operating over a wider coverage area. Such multi-bubble arrangements can go a long way in enhancing the erosive impact on a target location even at cryogenic temperature (< 123 K) and hence necessitate investigation. In this paper, different configurations of multiple-bubble interactions are numerically simulated to examine jets directed towards a target location (fictitious particle, cell etc.) using computational fluid dynamics. No phase change is considered and the effect of gravity is neglected. The transient behaviour of the interface between the two interacting fluids (bubble and ambient liquid) is modelled using VOF (volume of fluid) method. In this paper, results obtained for different bubble configurations through numerical simulation are validated against suitable literature and further explored to assess the resulting jet effects. The time histories of interacting bubbles are presented and the consequent flow-fields are evaluated by the pressure and velocity distributions obtained. The same calculation is repeated in cryogenic environment and the results are compared. An attempt is made to approach towards an optimum arrangement and conditions for particle erosion.
4

Gnanaskandan, Aswin, Xiaolong Deng, Chao-Tsung Hsiao, and Georges Chahine. "Modeling Microbubble Microvessel Interaction for Sonoporation Application." In ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2020-20407.

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Abstract Modeling the dynamics of microbubbles inside confined spaces has many potential applications in biomedicine, sonoporation being one classic example. Sonoporation is the permeabilization of a blood vessel’s endothelial cell membrane by acoustic waves in order to non-invasively deliver large-sized drug molecules into cells for therapeutic applications. By controlled activation of ultrasound contrast agents (UCA) in a microvessel, one can achieve better permeabilization without causing permanent damage associated with high intensity ultrasound. This paper considers numerically, the fluid-structure interactions (FSI) of UCA microbubbles with a microvessel accounting for large deformations. The modeling approach is based on a multi-material compressible flow solver that uses a Lagrangian treatment for numerical discretization of cells containing an interface between two phases and an Eulerian treatment for cells away from material interfaces. A re-mapping procedure is employed to map the Lagrangian solution back to the Eulerian grid. The model is first validated by simulating a microbubble oscillating due to an imposed ultrasound inside a microvessel and good agreement with experiments is obtained for both the bubble and vessel dynamics. The effect of vessel elasticity is then studied and it is shown that increasing the vessel elasticity damps the bubble oscillations. Then the effect of placing the bubble away from the axis of vessel is studied and it is shown that bubbles closer the vessel wall are capable of creating maximum deformation on the wall compared to those away from the wall.
5

Imai, Shinji, and Nobuki Kudo. "Development of a Microvascular Phantom for Studies on Microbubble Dynamics and Bubble-Cell Interaction Inside a Capillary." In 2018 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2018.8579713.

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6

Qu, Jie, Chaoran Dou, Jianzhi Li, Zhonghao Rao, and Ben Xu. "Numerical and Experimental Study of Bioink Transfer Process in Laser Induced Forward Transfer (LIFT) 3D Bioprinting." In ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2020-9147.

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Abstract As a promising 3D bioprinting process, laser induced forward transfer (LIFT) has attracted attention in the last decade due to its advantages of non-contact, nozzle-free, high dropping rate and high resolution. However, the mechanism of bubble/jet formation under laser inducement has not been well comprehended yet. To better understand the multiphase process, the bubble formation and jet process under single laser pulse was explored in this study, using both the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model and experimental study. The results showed that under a laser pulse with the Gaussian distribution, a vapor bubble was formed around 0.1μs, then the bubble was expanded over time. During the bubble expansion process, the maximum magnitude of velocity could reach as high as 22m/s. The pressure near the laser interaction area was around 4.72 × 107 Pa, which is 470 times of the ambient pressure. After increasing the pulse energy and focal spot area, the liquid bubble layer moved downward to complete the bioink transfer process after the collapse of glycerol vapor bubble, which showed similar flow characteristics as the experimental results under the same laser fluence (1.4J/cm2). When the laser fluence was decreased to 0.8 J/cm2, a regular jet flow could be observed. The proposed multiphase numerical model can be used to understand the mechanism of bubble/jet formation under laser inducement and provide some insights into the bioink transfer during LIFT process, in order to eventually optimize the LIFT 3D-printing process with greater cell viability.
7

Lee, S. T., and N. S. Ramesh. "Study of Foam Sheet Formation: Part III — Effects of Foam Thickness and Cell Density." In ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-1409.

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Abstract The existing cell growth model in the literature has been modified to include the gas loss effects due to surface evaporation experienced in a high surface to volume ratio of this foam sheet formation. As it exits from the high pressure die, nucleation occurs due to sudden pressure drop and then the sheet experiences natural cooling, expansion due to gas diffusion and gas loss from its surface. Rheological experiments were performed to supply simulation parameters for the modeling using the Haake rheometer. Both HCFC-22 and -142b were studied with low density polyethylene (LDPE) in generating the rheological data. They were also used to make foams to generate experimental data discussed in this paper using a 70 mm counter-rotating twin screw extruder. The theoretical and experimental results are compared in terms of foam density and foaming efficiency. Foaming efficiency is defined as the actual expansion over maximum possible theoretical expansion dictated by the ideal gas law for a particular blowing agent. The agreement is good when the foam expansion is under ten times and the deviation increases when the foam expands further, in which bubble-bubble interaction effects become significant.
8

Hochhalter, Matthew, and Stephen P. Gent. "Incorporating Light and Algal Effects Into CFD for Photobioreactor Design." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21310.

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The objective of this research is to develop models that represent the effects of light and algae and incorporate these effects within a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a photobioreactor (PBR). Several factors, including nutrient availability, carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity, and frequency of high and low light intensity periods, affect the efficiency of biomass yield within a photobioreactor. However, even with a general understanding of the affecting factors, scaling up of photobioreactors from a laboratory to a commercial level exist and provide a challenge concerning efficiency. The development and execution of an integrated light, algae, and CFD model can provide insight into more cost and time efficient configurations of PBRs. In depth CFD studies have been used to predict thermal-fluid effects, including bubble-liquid interaction and temperature profiles; however, studies concerning algae-liquid interactions appear sparsely. In order to better understand up-scaling issues, new modifications of previous CFD methods incorporate an algae particle tracking method, as well as light modeling. The particle tracking method considers the individual algae cell as a volume-less and mass-less particle that follows the liquid velocity profiles within the PBR. The light model takes into account algal concentration as well as bubble location and bubble concentration. The integration of the models allows for the average intensity of light experienced by an algae cell to be numerically estimated, alongside the frequency of light and dark periods the particle experiences. The long term goal of this research is to develop an algae growth model that incorporates light intensity and the flashing light effect. The present research is a continuum of previous work aimed at pursuing the optimum design of a column PBR which is commercially viable and effective at producing algal biofuels and bioproducts.
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Pellegrini, Marco, Giulia Agostinelli, Hidetoshi Okada, and Masanori Naitoh. "Eulerian Two-Phase Flow Modeling of Steam Direct Contact Condensation for the Fukushima Accident Investigation." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30937.

Повний текст джерела
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Анотація:
Steam condensation is characterized by a relatively large interfacial region between gas and liquid which, in computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analyses, allows the creation of a discretized domain whose average cell size is larger than the interface itself. For this reason generally one fluid model with interface tracking (e.g. volume of fluid method, VOF) is employed for its solution in CFD, since the solution of the interface requires a reasonable amount of cells, reducing the modeling efforts. However, for some particular condensation applications, requiring the computation of long transients or the steam ejected through a large number of holes, one-fluid model becomes computationally too expensive for providing engineering information, and a two-fluid model (i.e. Eulerian two-phase flow) is preferable. Eulerian two-phase flow requires the introduction of closure terms representing the interactions between the two fluids in particular, in the condensation case, drag and heat transfer. Both terms involve the description of the interaction area whose definition is different from the typical one adopted in the boiling analyses. In the present work a simple but effective formulation for the interaction area is given based on the volume fraction gradient and then applied to a validation test case of steam bubbling in various subcooling conditions. It has been shown that this method gives realistic values of bubble detachment time, bubble penetration for the cases of interest in the nuclear application and in the particular application to the Fukushima Daiichi accident.
10

Pellegrini, Marco, Giulia Agostinelli, Hidetoshi Okada, and Masanori Naitoh. "Eulerian Two-Phase Flow Modeling of Steam Direct Contact Condensation for the Fukushima Accident Investigation." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21766.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
Steam condensation is characterized by a relatively large interfacial region between gas and liquid which, in computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analyses, allows the creation of a discretized domain whose average cell size is larger than the interface itself. For this reason generally one fluid model with interface tracking (e.g. volume of fluid method, VOF) is employed for its solution in CFD, since the solution of the interface requires a reasonable amount of cells, reducing the modeling efforts. However, for some particular condensation applications, requiring the computation of long transients or the steam ejected through a large number of holes, one-fluid model becomes computationally too expensive for providing engineering information, and a two-fluid model (i.e. Eulerian two-phase flow) is preferable. Eulerian two-phase flow requires the introduction of closure terms representing the interactions between the two fluids in particular, in the condensation case, drag and heat transfer. Both terms involve the description of the interaction area whose definition is different from the typical one adopted in the boiling analyses. In the present work a simple but effective formulation for the interaction area is given based on the volume fraction gradient and then applied to a validation test case of steam bubbling in various subcooling conditions. It has been shown that this method gives realistic values of bubble detachment time, bubble penetration for the cases of interest in the nuclear application and in the particular application to the Fukushima Daiichi accident.

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