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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 18 травня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Brown Blight of tea"

1

Chen, Yingjuan, Wenjun Qiao, Liang Zeng, Dahang Shen, Zhi Liu, Xiaoshi Wang, and Huarong Tong. "Characterization, Pathogenicity, and Phylogenetic Analyses of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Brown Blight Disease on Camellia sinensis in China." Plant Disease 101, no. 6 (June 2017): 1022–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-16-1824-re.

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Анотація:
Brown blight disease caused by Colletotrichum species is a common and serious foliar disease of tea (Camellia sinensis). Fungal isolates from several tea plantations causing typical brown blight symptoms were identified as belonging to the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex and the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex based on morphological characteristics as well as DNA analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Colletotrichum acutatum, a new causal agent associated with C. sinensis, showed high phenotypic and genotypic diversity compared with the more commonly reported C. gloeosporioides. Phylogenetic analysis derived from individual and combined ITS and GAPDH sequences clearly clustered C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides into separate species. Pathogenicity tests validated that both species were causal agents of tea brown blight disease and were highly pathogenic to tea leaves. However, the two groups of C. gloeosporioides with low levels of variability within their ITS and GAPDH regions differed in their virulence. This study reports for the first time the characterization of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides causing brown blight disease on tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) in China.
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Hairah, Ummul, Anindita Septiarini, Novianti Puspitasari, Andi Tejawati, Hamdani Hamdani, and Surya Eka Priyatna. "Classification of tea leaf disease using convolutional neural network approach." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 14, no. 3 (June 1, 2024): 3287. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v14i3.pp3287-3294.

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Leaf diseases on tea plants affect the quality of tea. This issue must be overcome since preparing tea drinks requires high-quality tea leaves. Various automatic models for identifying disease in tea leaves have been developed; however, their performance is typically low since the extracted features are not selective enough. This work presents a classification model for tea leaf disease that distinguishes six leaf classes: algal spot, brown, blight, grey blight, helopeltis, red spot, and healthy. Deep learning using a convolutional neural network (CNN) builds an effective model for detecting tea leaf illness. The Kaggle public dataset contains 5,980 tea leaf images on a white background. Pre-processing was performed to reduce computing time, which involved shrinking and normalizing the image prior to augmentation. Augmentation techniques included rotation, shear, flip horizontal, and flip vertical. The CNN model was used to classify tea leaf disease using the MobileNetV2 backbone, Adam optimizer, and rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function with 224×224 input data. The proposed model attained the highest performance, as evidenced by the accuracy value 0.9455.
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ANDO, Yasuo, and Nobuyoshi NARISAWA. "Influence of tea brown blight fungus Glomerella cingulata on the occurrence of tea gray blight caused by Pestalotia longiseta on leaves of tea plants." Japanese Journal of Phytopathology 55, no. 3 (1989): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.55.267.

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4

Wang, Z. H., Z. X. Zhao, N. Hong, Dejiang Ni, L. Cai, W. X. Xu, and Y. N. Xiao. "Characterization of Causal Agents of a Novel Disease Inducing Brown-Black Spots on Tender Tea Leaves in China." Plant Disease 101, no. 10 (October 2017): 1802–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-17-0495-re.

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Анотація:
A novel disease characterized by small brown-black spots (1 to 2 mm in diameter) on tender tea leaves (Camellia sinensis) has been observed in many regions of Hubei Province, China, which severely affects the yield and quality of tea. Tea leaf samples with typical symptoms were collected from three major tea-cultivation regions of Hubei, and were subjected to pathogen isolation for etiological analysis. As a result, 34 Pestalotiopsis isolates were obtained from 20 samples, and they were identified as Pestalotiopsis theae (14 isolates), P. camelliae (12), and P. clavispora (8), determined by morphologies and phylogenetic analysis based on internal transcribed spacer, and partial β-tubulin and translation elongation factor 1-alpha genes. Pathogenicity tests on detached tea leaves showed that no matter what mycelial discs or conidium suspensions were used, inoculation of the Pestalotiopsis fungi could result in small brown-black spots (1 to 2 mm in diameter) on wounded leaves, similar to those observed in the field in the sizes and colors. It also revealed that only P. theae had pathogenicity on unwounded tea leaves, and P. theae and P. clavispora showed significantly higher virulence than P. camelliae. Inoculation test with conidium suspension on intact tea leaves in the field further confirmed that P. theae as the pathogen of brown-black spots. Reisolation of the pathogens from diseased leaves confirmed that the symptom was caused by the inoculation of Pestalotiopsis fungi. The P. theae isolates responsible for brown-black spots were also compared with those for tea gray blight disease in growth rate, pathogenicity, and molecular characteristics in parallel. To our knowledge, this is the first report that the Pestalotiopsis fungi cause brown-black spot disease on tender tea leaves. The results provide important implications for the prevention and management of this economically important disease.
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Dutta, J., S. Gupta, D. Thakur, and P. J. Handique. "First Report of Nigrospora Leaf Blight on Tea Caused by Nigrospora sphaerica in India." Plant Disease 99, no. 3 (March 2015): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-14-0545-pdn.

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Анотація:
Tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] is an economically important non-alcoholic caffeine-containing beverage crop widely cultivated for leaves in India, especially in the Darjeeling district of West Bengal. In May 2012, distinct blight symptoms were observed on leaves of popular tea cultivars AV-2, Tukdah 78, Rungli Rungliot 17/144, and Bannockburn 157 in commercial tea estates of the Darjeeling district. This disease reduces yield and quality of the leaves. The initial symptoms were frequently observed on the young leaf margins and apices. Foliar symptoms are characterized by grayish to brown, semicircular or irregular shaped lesions, often surrounded by pale yellow zones up to 9 mm in diameter. The lesions later expand and the affected leaves turn grayish to dark brown and eventually the dried tissue falls, leading to complete defoliation of the plant. The disease causes damage to leaves of all ages and is severe in young leaves. A portion of the symptomatic leaf tissues were surface sterilized in 70% ethanol for 30 s, then in 2% NaClO for 3 min, rinsed three times in sterile distilled water, and plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA). The fungal colonies were initially white and then became grayish to brown with sporulation. Conidia were spherical to sub spherical, single-celled, black, 19 to 21 μm in diameter, and were borne on a hyaline vesicle at the tip of each conidiophore. Morphological characteristics of the isolates were concurring to those of Nigrospora sphaerica (1). Moreover, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA was amplified by using primers ITS1 and ITS4 and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. KJ767520). The sequence was compared to the GenBank database through nucleotide BLAST search and the isolate showed 100% similarity to N. sphaerica (KC519729.1). On the basis of morphological characteristics and nucleotide homology, the isolate was identified as N. sphaerica. Koch's postulates were fulfilled in the laboratory on tea leaves inoculated with N. sphaerica conidial suspension (106 conidia ml−1) collected from a 7-day-old culture on PDA. Six inoculated 8-month-old seedlings of tea cultivars AV-2 and S.3/3 were incubated in a controlled environment chamber at 25°C and 80 to 85% humidity with a 12-h photoperiod. In addition, three plants of each cultivar were sprayed with sterile distilled water to serve as controls. Twelve to 14 days after inoculation, inoculated leaves developed blight symptoms similar to those observed on naturally infected tea leaves in the field. No symptoms were observed on the control leaves. The pathogen was re-isolated from lesions and its identity was confirmed by morphological characteristics. It was reported that N. sphaerica is frequently encountered as a secondary invader or as a saprophyte on many plant species and also as a causative organism of foliar disease on several hosts worldwide (2,3). To our knowledge, this is first report of N. sphaerica as a foliar pathogen of Camellia sinensis in Darjeeling, West Bengal, India, or worldwide. References: (1) M. B. Ellis. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. CMI, Kew, Surrey, UK, 1971. (2) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases, Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab., ARS, USDA. Retrieved from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ July 01, 2013. (3) E. R. Wright et al. Plant Dis. 92:171, 2008.
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Ahmad, I., MNA Mamun, MS Islam, R. Ara, MAA Mamdud, and AKMR Hoque. "Effect of different pruning operations on the incidence and severity of various diseases of tea plant." Journal of Bio-Science 24 (July 18, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v24i0.37482.

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To analyze the effect of different pruning operation on the incidence and severity of different diseases of tea (Camellia sinensis) plant. An experiment was carried out at the Bilashchara Experimental Farm of Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI), Srimangal. Three places of the sections were selected randomly that received LP (Light Prune), DSK (deep skiff), MSK (medium skiff) and LSK (light skiff) operations. Every bush was critically observed before and after pruning operations and all infected diseases were recorded. Disease severity was expressed as percent disease index (PDI). MSTAT program was used for statistical snalysis. After pruning operation, maximum incidence 33.33% and severity 8.20% of Grey brown blight was found in LSK. Horse hair blight maximum incidence (18%) and maximum severity (6.27%) both were found in LSK. In thread blight maximum incidence was in MSK 22.67% and maximum severity was 7% in LSK. The highest % reduction of branch canker both in incidence and severity was observed in LP section followed by DSK, MSK and LSK. In case of Gall disease maximum incidence and severity both was LSK 24.67% and 7.60%. The highest incidence of black rot was in LSK 41.33% and severity 12.87% was in MSK. From the study, it was recommending that without using any chemicals, only by different pruning operations and proper cleaning can reduce the in incidence and severity of those diseases.J. bio-sci. 24: 01-09, 2016
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Guo, M., Y. M. Pan, Y. L. Dai, and Z. M. Gao. "First Report of Brown Blight Disease Caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on Camellia sinensis in Anhui Province, China." Plant Disease 98, no. 2 (February 2014): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-13-0896-pdn.

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Yellow Mountain fuzz tip, a cultivar of Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, is commonly grown in the Yellow Mountain region in Anhui Province of China. During 2011 to 2012, leaf and twig blight on tea plants occurred from July to September in growing regions. Symptoms of blight on leaves of infected plants were detected in 30 to 60% of the fields visited and up to 500 ha were affected each year. Symptoms began as small, water-soaked lesions on young leaves and twigs and later became larger, dark brown, necrotic lesions, 1 to 3 mm in diameter on leaves and 2 to 5 mm long on twigs. To determine the causal agent, symptomatic leaf tissue was collected from plants in Gantang and Tangkou townships in September 2012. Small pieces of diseased tea leaves and twigs were surface-disinfested in 2% NaClO for 3 min, rinsed twice in distilled water, plated on potato dextrose agar, and incubated at 28°C for 5 days. Eleven isolates were recovered and all cultures produced white-to-gray fluffy aerial hyphae and were dark on the reverse of the plate. The hyphae were hyaline, branching, and septate. Setae were 2- to 3-septate, dark brown, acicular, and 78.0 to 115.0 μm. Conidiogenous cells were hyaline, short, branchless, cylindrical, and 11.3 to 21.5 × 4.2 to 5.3 μm. Conidia were hyaline, aseptate, guttulate, cylindrical, and 12.5 to 17.3 × 3.9 to 5.8 μm. Appresoria were ovate to obovate, dark brown, and 8.4 to 15.2 × 7.8 to 12.9 μm. DNA was amplified using the rDNA-ITS primer pair ITS4/ITS5 (3), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (GAPDH) primer pair GDF/GDR (2) and beta-tubulin 2 gene (Tub2) primer pair Btub2Fd/Btub4Rd (4). Sequences (GenBank Accession Nos. KC913203, KC913204, and KC913205) of the 11 isolates were identical and revealed 100% similarity to the ITS sequence of strain P042 of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (EF423527), 100% identity to the GAPDH of isolate C07009 of C. gloeosporioides (GU935860), and 99% similarity to Tub2 of isolate 85 of C. gloeosporioides (AJ409292), respectively. Based on the above data, the 11 isolates were identified as C. gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. To confirm pathogenicity, Koch's postulate was performed and 4 ml of conidial suspension (1 × 105 conidia/ml) of each of the 11 isolates was sprayed on five leaves and five twigs per plant on four 12-month-old Yellow Mountain fuzz tip plants. Control plants were sprayed with distilled water. The inoculated plants were maintained at 28°C in a greenhouse with constant relative humidity of 90% and a 12-h photoperiod of fluorescent light. Brown necrotic lesions appeared on leaves and twigs after 7 days, while the control plants remained healthy. The experiments were conducted three times and the fungus was recovered and identified as C. gloeosporioides by both morphology and molecular characteristics. Tea plant blight caused by C. gloeosporioides was identified in Brazil (1), but to our knowledge, this is the first report of C. gloeosporioides causing tea leaf and twig blight on Yellow Mountain fuzz tip plants in Anhui Province of China. References: (1) M. A. S. Mendes et al. Page 555 in: Embrapa-SPI/Embrapa-Cenargen, Brasilia, 1998. (2) M. D. Templeton et al. Gene 122:225, 1992. (3) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, 1990. (4) J. H. C. Woudenberg et al. Persoonia 22:56, 2009.
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Som, P. R., and B. N. Chakraborty. "Changes in protein profile of different tea varieties on inoculation with brown blight pathogen." Аграрная Россия, no. 6-II (December 26, 2009): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30906/1999-5636-2009-0-131-132.

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Wan, Yuhe, Qinghua Chen, Wei Xu, and Yingjuan Chen. "Effect of Atractylodes essential oil on different Colletotrichum species causing tea brown blight disease." Scientia Horticulturae 324 (January 2024): 112610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2023.112610.

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Trihardianingsih, Liana, Andi Sunyoto, and Tonny Hidayat. "Classification of Tea Leaf Diseases Based on ResNet-50 and Inception V3." Sinkron 8, no. 3 (July 2, 2023): 1564–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v8i3.12604.

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Technological advances have made a major contribution to controlling plant diseases. One method for resolving issues with plant disease identification is the use of deep learning for digital image processing. Tea leaf disease is a plant disease that requires fast and effective control. So, in this study, we adopted the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures, namely ResNet-50 and Inception V3, to classify six types of diseases that attack leaves. The amount of data used was 5867, which were divided into six classes, namely healthy leaf, algal spot, brown blight, gray blight, helopeltis, and red spot. The process of distributing the data involves randomly splitting it into three portions, with an allocation of 80% for training, 10% for validation, and 10% for testing. The process of classification is carried out by adjusting the use of batch sizes in the training process to maximizehyperparameters. The batch sizes used are 16, 32, and 64. Using three different batch size scenarios for each model, it shows that ResNet-50 has better performance on batch size 32 with an accuracy value of 97.44%, while Inception V3 has the best performance on batch size 64 with an accuracy of 97.62%..
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Brown Blight of tea"

1

Das, Ruma. "Immunological studies on Brown Blight of tea Camellia Sinensis (L) O Kuntze." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/902.

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2

Datta, Shraboni. "Studies on the Biology of Brown blight disease of Tea, Camellia sinences(L.) O, Kuntze with special reference to the factors effecting its in incidence." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/891.

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3

Das, Gouri. "Studies on the Brown Blight disease of tea Camellia sinensis L. (O.) Kuntze cause by Glomerella cingulata (stoneman) Spauld. & Schrenk. and its interaction with phylloplane microorganisms." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1088.

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4

Sengupta, Debjani. "Serological studies on Blister blight of tea." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/893.

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5

Frercks, Birutė. "Genetic variation of brown rot blossom blight pathogens and their hosts sweet and sour cherry." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20141008_132136-79491.

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The aim of the research. To evaluate the genetic diversity in sweet and sour cher-ry populations, to characterize the injuries to blossoms and fruits caused by blossom blight brown rot, to identify the species composition of Monilinia patho-gens and to analyse the DNA polymorphism within and among pathogens popula-tions. Main tasks: 1. To analyse the genetic diversity of sweet and sour cherry cultivars and wild cherry population, growing in west Lithuania, using molecular marker methods (AFLP and SSR). 2. To determine factors affecting injuries caused by blossom blight. 3. To investigate characteristics of brown rot agent M. fructigena development in sweet and sour cherry cultivars differing in resistance to brown rot. 4. To identify species composition of Monilinia spp. in IH LRCAF stone fruit collection based on PCR methood and to evaluate inter- and intraspecific DNA polymorphism of Monilinia spp. based on AFLP method.
Tyrimų tikslas. Įvertinti trešnės ir paprastosios vyšnios populiacijų ge-netinę įvairovę, ištirti trešnės ir paprastosios vyšnios žiedų bei vaisių užsikrėtimo kaulavaisinių monilioze mechanizmus, nustatyti šios ligos sukėlėjų Monilinia rūšinę sudėtį bei išanalizuoti jų tarprūšinį ir vidurūšinį DNR polimorfizmą. Tyrimų uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti skirtingų pagal atsparumą moniliozinei degligei LAMMC SDI kaulavaisinių kolekcijoje augančių trešnės ir vyšnios veislių ir Vakarų Lietuvo-je augančios laukinės trešnės populiacijos genetinę įvairovę, naudojant molekuli-nius metodus (SSR ir PFIP) bei palyginti PFIP pradmenų kombinacijų informaty-vumo rodiklius. 2. Nustatyti žiedų pažeidimo moniliozine deglige (M. laxa) veiksnius: ištirti žiedo da¬lių atsparumą moniliozinei degligei, nustatyti kuriame žiedo raidos tarpsnyje jie yra jautriausi, įvertinti, ar kuokelių mechaninis pašalinimas (kastravimas) turi įtakos užsikrėtimui moniliozine deglige ir nustatyti ar žiedų ap-dulkinimas gali aktyvuoti augalo imunines reakci¬jas ir užkirsti kelią patogenui patekti į žiedo vidų. 3. Ištirti rudojo puvinio sukėlėjo M. fructigena vystymosi ypatumus kontrastinėse pa¬gal atsparumą rudajam puviniui trešnės ir vyšnios veislėse. Nusta-tyti, ar vaisiai jautresni patogenui yra nokimo pradžioje ar techninės brandos (skynimo) metu, įvertinti vaisių mechani¬nio pažeidimo poveikį užsikrėtimui ruduo-ju puviniu. 4. Identifikuoti Monilinia spp. LAMMC SDI kaulavaisinių kolekcijos augyne rūšinę sudėtį PGR... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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6

Das, Subir Kumar. "Studies om host-parasite interaction with special reference to grey blight disease of tea and its phylloplane microorganisms." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1065.

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7

Kouyoumjian, Richard E. "Comparison of compost tea and biological fungicides for control of early blight in organic heirloom tomato production." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1202499799/.

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8

Phillips, Stephen. "A cup of tea a study of the Tea Party Caucus in the United States House of Representatives." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/602.

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Over the course of the last few years, a new movement has taken the American political system by storm, the Tea Party. The movement has not only captivated our media but also the minds of ordinary Americans and political elites. According to popular consensus and academic opinion, the Tea Party is comprised of a group of conservative-leaning Republicans who want a smaller government and a lesser tax burden. This is what we think of the Tea Party, but is it true? It is perceived that Tea Party members differ significantly from their Republican colleagues in the House of Representatives, but do they? Do they truly represent the Tea Party philosophy and agenda? By creating an original data set on the Republican members of the United States House of Representatives, and examining variables such as the political lean, economic and employment make-up of a member's district, their endorsements and incumbency, as well as high priority legislative votes from the 112th Congress, I will be able to investigate the characteristics and tendencies of Tea Party Caucus members. Once one looks at the 242 member House Republican Caucus and further examines the sixty members of the Tea Party Caucus, the data shows that Tea Party Caucus members largely originate from safe Republican districts and have served in previous congressional terms. Analysis shows that Tea Party Caucus members do vary significantly from their House Republican colleagues when examining their districts, but do not vary as considerably when examining their voting patterns.
B.A.
Bachelors
Sciences
Political Science
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9

Saito, Belisa Cristina [UNESP]. "Characterization of corn inbred lines for disease resistance." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150400.

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O milho é uma das culturas mais extensamente cultivadas em todo mundo. A incidência e a severidade de doenças têm aumentado significativamente nos últimos anos acarretando perdas no rendimento e afetando a qualidade dos grãos. Muitos trabalhos têm sido desenvolvidos na tentativa de identificar híbridos resistentes às principais doenças que acometem a cultura do milho, mas poucos são os relatos de estudos com linhagens. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi: 1) identificar linhagens resistentes e susceptíveis com base na área abaixo da curva de progresso de doenças (AACPD) para os sintomas de ferrugem tropical (TR), ferrugem polissora (SR), cercosporiose (GLS), helmintosporiose (NLB), mancha marrom (PBS) e mancha branca (PLS); 2) identificar linhagens resistentes e suscetíveis com base nos parâmetros de adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica para os sintomas de cercosporiose, helmintosporiose, mancha marrom e mancha branca; 3) identificar as melhores datas de semeadura, com a maior ocorrência das doenças, para fins de avaliação de linhagens e outros genótipos para resistência. Cinquenta linhagens, derivadas de populações com grãos flint e dent, foram avaliadas em blocos casualizados com três repetições, aos 45, 60, 75 e 90 dias após a semeadura em duas épocas, para medição da AACPD. Para a análise de adaptabilidade e estabilidade, 41 linhagens foram avaliadas em blocos casualizados com três repetições, 30 dias após o florescimento feminino, em onze épocas de semeadura, usando o método de análise de regressão. Foram atribuídas notas de 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 e 9 correspondendo a 0, 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80 e > 80% de área foliar com sintomas de doença. Para a AACPD, a análise de variância conjunta foi significativa para TR, SR, GLS e PLS e a interação linhagens x épocas foi significativa para ferrugem tropical e polissora. Para GLS e NLB as 41 linhagens foram classificadas como resistentes, sendo que as maiores severidades de doenças ocorreram nas semeaduras entre Junho e Setembro. As linhagens IVF1-3, IVF1-7, IVF1 -9, IVF1-10, IVF1 -11, IVF1 -25, IVF1-230, IVD1-2, IVD1 -2-1, IVD1-3, IVD1-9, IVD1 -12, 2F, 3F, 6F, 9F, 10F, 4C, 2D e 7D foram classificadas como resistentes para as doenças estudadas, sendo indicadas para o desenvolvimento de sintéticos. Para a mancha marrom e mancha branca, as semeaduras de Abril, Junho, Julho e Agosto apresentaram maiores severidades de doenças. As linhagens IVD1-9, IVD1-10, 7D, 10D e 2F podem ser indicadas no desenvolvimento de sintéticos resistentes.
Corn is one of the most widely cultivated crops in the worldwide. The incidence and severity of diseases affecting crops have increased significantly in the past years, leading to yield losses and affecting grain quality. Many studies have been carried out with the attempt to identify hybrids that are resistant to the main diseases, but few reports have studied inbred lines. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: 1) identify resistant and susceptible inbred lines based on the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) for tropical rust, southern rust, gray leaf spot, northern leaf blight, physoderma brown spot and phaeosphaeria leaf spot; 2) identify resistant and susceptible inbred lines based on adaptability and stability parameters for symptoms of gray leaf spot (GLS), northern leaf blight (NLB), physoderma brown spot (PBS) and phaeosphaeria leaf spot (PLS); 3) identify the best planting dates, with the highest occurrence of diseases, for the purpose of evaluating inbred lines and other genotypes for resistance. For AUDPC, fifty inbred lines, derived from populations with flint and dent grains, were evaluated in randomized block designs with three replications, at 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after planting in two seasons. For the analysis of adaptability and stability, forty-one inbred lines were evaluated in randomized blocks with three replications, 30 days after silking, in eleven planting dates, using regression analysis method. The scale of scores from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 corresponding to 0, 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80 and > 80% of leaf area with disease symptoms was used. For AUDPC, the joint analysis of variance was significant for TR, SR, GLS and PLS, while the interaction inbred lines x environments, was significant for TR and SR. For GLS and NLB, forty-one inbred lines were classified as resistant and the highest severities of diseases occurred in planting dates between June and September. The inbred lines IVF1-3, IVF1-7, IVF1 -9, IVF1-10, IVF1 -11, IVF1 -25, IVF1-230, IVD1-2, IVD1 -2-1, IVD1-3, IVD1-9, IVD1 -12, 2F, 3F, 6F, 9F, 10F, 4C, 2D and 7D were classified as resistant to the diseases studied and are indicated to produce synthetics. For PBS and PLS, the plating dates of April, June, July and August showed higher disease severity. The inbred lines IVD1-9, IVD1-10, 7D,10D and 2F may be indicated to produce synthetics.
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Saito, Belisa Cristina. "Characterization of corn inbred lines for disease resistance /." Ilha Solteira, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150400.

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Orientador: João Antonio da Costa Andrade
Resumo: O milho é uma das culturas mais extensamente cultivadas em todo mundo. A incidência e a severidade de doenças têm aumentado significativamente nos últimos anos acarretando perdas no rendimento e afetando a qualidade dos grãos. Muitos trabalhos têm sido desenvolvidos na tentativa de identificar híbridos resistentes às principais doenças que acometem a cultura do milho, mas poucos são os relatos de estudos com linhagens. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi: 1) identificar linhagens resistentes e susceptíveis com base na área abaixo da curva de progresso de doenças (AACPD) para os sintomas de ferrugem tropical (TR), ferrugem polissora (SR), cercosporiose (GLS), helmintosporiose (NLB), mancha marrom (PBS) e mancha branca (PLS); 2) identificar linhagens resistentes e suscetíveis com base nos parâmetros de adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica para os sintomas de cercosporiose, helmintosporiose, mancha marrom e mancha branca; 3) identificar as melhores datas de semeadura, com a maior ocorrência das doenças, para fins de avaliação de linhagens e outros genótipos para resistência. Cinquenta linhagens, derivadas de populações com grãos flint e dent, foram avaliadas em blocos casualizados com três repetições, aos 45, 60, 75 e 90 dias após a semeadura em duas épocas, para medição da AACPD. Para a análise de adaptabilidade e estabilidade, 41 linhagens foram avaliadas em blocos casualizados com três repetições, 30 dias após o florescimento feminino, em onze épocas de semeadura, us... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Книги з теми "Brown Blight of tea"

1

ill, Cooper Floyd, ed. Brown Honey in Broomwheat Tea: Poems. New York, USA: HarperCollins, 1993.

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2

United Planters' Association of Southern India. Tea Research Institute., ed. Project report on forecasting blister blight disease and biology and control of primary root diseases in tea, April 1991 to March 1996. Valparai, Coimbatore Dist: UPASI Tea Research Institute, 1996.

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3

Bodner, Nadja, and Rachel Schmidlechner. Brown Owl's Birthday Tea. Independently Published, 2019.

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4

(Illustrator), Floyd Cooper, ed. Brown Honey in Broomwheat Tea. Tandem Library, 1999.

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(Illustrator), Floyd Cooper, ed. Brown Honey in Broomwheat Tea. HarperTrophy, 1996.

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6

(Illustrator), Floyd Cooper, and Ruby Dee (Narrator), eds. Brown Honey in Broomwheat Tea. Spoken Arts, 1997.

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7

Brown Honey in Broomwheat Tea. Paw Prints, 2008.

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8

Thomas, Joyce Carol. Brown Honey in Broomwheat Tea. HarperTrophy, 1996.

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9

Brown Owl's Birthday Tea: Big Book. Independently Published, 2020.

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10

Tea Planter's Vade Mecum: A Volume of Important Articles, Correspondence, and Information of Permanent Interest and Value Regarding Tea, Tea Blight, Tea Cultivation & Manufacture, Tea Machinery, Timbers for Boxes and Other Purposes, with a Practi. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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Частини книг з теми "Brown Blight of tea"

1

Aavola, R., P. Sooväli, S. Tamm, and A. Bender. "Crown Rust and Brown Blight Infection of Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars Representing Three Maturity Groups." In Breeding Grasses and Protein Crops in the Era of Genomics, 186–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89578-9_34.

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2

Kono, Y. "Structural Studies on Host-Specific Pathotoxins in Corn Blight and Citrus Brown Spot Diseases." In Phytotoxins and Plant Pathogenesis, 7–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73178-5_2.

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3

Vishunavat, Karuna, Kuppusami Prabakar, and Theerthagiri Anand. "Seed Health: Testing and Management." In Seed Science and Technology, 335–64. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5888-5_14.

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AbstractHealthy seeds play an important role in growing a healthy crop. Seed health testing is performed by detecting the presence or absence of insect infestation and seed-borne diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses. The most detrimental effect of seed-borne pathogens is the contamination of previously disease-free areas and the spread of new diseases. Sowing contaminated or infected seeds not only spreads pathogens but can also reduce yields significantly by 15–90%. Some of the major seed-borne diseases affecting yield in cereals, oilseeds, legumes, and vegetables, particularly in the warm and humid conditions prevailing in the tropical and sub-tropical regions, are blast and brown spot of rice, white tip nematode and ear-cockle in wheat, bacterial leaf blight of rice, downy mildews, smuts, head mould, seedling rots, anthracnose, halo blight, and a number of viral diseases. Hence, detection of seed-borne pathogens, such as fungi (anthracnose, bunt, smut, galls, fungal blights), bacteria (bacterial blights, fruit rots, cankers), viruses (crinkle, mottle, mosaic), and nematodes (galls and white tip), which transmit through infected seed to the main crop, is an important step in the management strategies for seed-borne diseases. Thus, seed health testing forms an essential part of seed certification, phytosanitary certification, and quarantine programmes at national and international levels. Detection of seed-borne/transmitted pathogens is also vital in ensuring the health of the basic stock used for seed production and in maintaining the plant germplasm for future research and product development. Besides the precise and reproducible testing methods, appropriate practices during seed production and post-harvest handling, including seed treatment and storage, are important components of seed health management and sustainable crop protection.
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4

Parasuraman, Malathy, and Priyantha Weerasinghe. "Application of mutation breeding techniques in the development of green crop varieties in Sri Lanka: the way forward." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 76–82. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0008.

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Abstract The Department of Agriculture (DOA) in Sri Lanka initiated mutation breeding in the 1960s with the introduction of a cobalt-60 source. The first rice mutant variety, MI 273, was released for general cultivation in 1971. M1 273, derived from irradiation of the H-4 variety, was identified as a drought-tolerant variety. An indirect rice mutant variety, developed by crossing the short mutant line BW267-3 with a highly adaptable variety, was released as BW 372 in 2013. It is moderately tolerant to blast, bacterial leaf blight, brown plant hopper, gall midge and iron toxicity, and thus increases productivity to 3-4 t/ha on lands prone to iron toxicity. The most popular groundnut variety cultivated in the country, 'Tissa', is a mutant developed by irradiation with gamma-rays at 200 Gy. It showed attributes of high yield, medium maturity (90-100 days) and high oil content (42%). 'Tissa' presently covers 80% of the groundnut cultivated area in Sri Lanka. A sesame mutant line, derived from the variety MI-3 irradiated at 200 Gy with 60Co gamma-rays, was released as 'Malee' (ANK-S2) in 1993. It is a high-yielding variety (1.1-1.8 t/ha) resistant to Phytophthora blight. A cherry-type mutant tomato variety, developed by irradiation of seeds with gamma-rays (320 Gy), was released as 'Lanka Cherry' in 2010. Improved attributes are pear-shaped fruits and bacterial wilt resistance. Narrow genetic variability in many crops is a constraint to the development of new varieties adapted to the changing climate. Hence, the DOA is emphasizing integration of induced mutagenesis in conventional breeding programmes to develop resistant/tolerant varieties having high yield, quality and health-promoting functional properties in field and horticultural crops. The newly installed gamma irradiation chamber facilitates the creation of genetic variability in food crops, thus paving the way for the development of greener varieties.
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Chaliha, Chayanika, and Eeshan Kalita. "Blister Blight Disease of Tea: An Enigma." In Diagnostics of Plant Diseases [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95362.

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Tea is one of the most popular beverages consumed across the world and is also considered a major cash crop in countries with a moderately hot and humid climate. Tea is produced from the leaves of woody, perennial, and monoculture crop tea plants. The tea leaves being the source of production the foliar diseases which may be caused by a variety of bacteria, fungi, and other pests have serious impacts on production. The blister blight disease is one such serious foliar tea disease caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Exobasidium vexans. E. vexans, belonging to the phylum basidiomycete primarily infects the young succulent harvestable tea leaves and results in ~40% yield crop loss. It reportedly alters the critical biochemical characteristics of tea such as catechin, flavonoid, phenol, as well as the aroma in severely affected plants. The disease is managed, so far, by administering high doses of copper-based chemical fungicides. Although alternate approaches such as the use of biocontrol agents, biotic and abiotic elicitors for inducing systemic acquired resistance, and transgenic resistant varieties have been tested, they are far from being adopted worldwide. As the research on blister blight disease is chiefly focussed towards the evaluation of defense responses in tea plants, during infection very little is yet known about the pathogenesis and the factors contributing to the disease. The purpose of this chapter is to explore blister blight disease and to highlight the current challenges involved in understanding the pathogen and pathogenic mechanism that could significantly contribute to better disease management.
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Chaliha, Chayanika, and Eeshan Kalita. "Blister Blight Disease of Tea: An Enigma." In Diagnostics of Plant Diseases [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95362.

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Tea is one of the most popular beverages consumed across the world and is also considered a major cash crop in countries with a moderately hot and humid climate. Tea is produced from the leaves of woody, perennial, and monoculture crop tea plants. The tea leaves being the source of production the foliar diseases which may be caused by a variety of bacteria, fungi, and other pests have serious impacts on production. The blister blight disease is one such serious foliar tea disease caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Exobasidium vexans. E. vexans, belonging to the phylum basidiomycete primarily infects the young succulent harvestable tea leaves and results in ~40% yield crop loss. It reportedly alters the critical biochemical characteristics of tea such as catechin, flavonoid, phenol, as well as the aroma in severely affected plants. The disease is managed, so far, by administering high doses of copper-based chemical fungicides. Although alternate approaches such as the use of biocontrol agents, biotic and abiotic elicitors for inducing systemic acquired resistance, and transgenic resistant varieties have been tested, they are far from being adopted worldwide. As the research on blister blight disease is chiefly focussed towards the evaluation of defense responses in tea plants, during infection very little is yet known about the pathogenesis and the factors contributing to the disease. The purpose of this chapter is to explore blister blight disease and to highlight the current challenges involved in understanding the pathogen and pathogenic mechanism that could significantly contribute to better disease management.
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7

Conrad, Joseph. "The Tea-Party." In Chance, edited by Martin Ray. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199549771.003.0007.

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“ ‘Amiable personality,’ I observed seeing Fyne on the point of falling into a brown study. But I could not help adding with meaning: ‘He hadn’t the gift of prophecy though.’ “Fyne got up suddenly with a muttered ‘No, evidently not.’ He was gloomy,...
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Edward Samura, Alusaine, Sahr N. Fomba, Augustine Mansarsy, Musa D. Saffa, Dan D. Quee, and Johnny E. Norman. "Seasonal Variation on the Incidence and Severity of Major Foliar Diseases of Cassava in Sierra Leone." In Cassava - Biology, Production, and Use. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98201.

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A diagnostic survey was conducted in the rainy and dry seasons from 2014 to 2015 to determine the incidence and severity of major diseases of cassava in Sierra Leone. At least three chiefdoms and five villages per district were targeted. The survey was carried out in fourteen districts of the country with geo references using a GPS. On the spot assessment was conducted in all fields. Prevalence, severity and incidence were calculated. The most dominant diseases included the cassava mosaic disease and the cassava bacterial blight. The prevalence of cassava mosaic disease was high with 69.1% and 61.5% in the rainy season and dry season, respectively. The prevalence of cassava bacterial blight was 100% and 92% in the rainy season and dry season, respectively. Diseases of less importance included white spot and brown spot diseases as well as cassava anthracnose disease. The study provides bases for the deployment of improved varieties and provides information on the seasonal prevalence, incidence and severity of cassava diseases in Sierra Leone.
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Shivappa, Raghu, Devanna B. Navadagi, Mathew Seikholen Baite, Manoj Kumar Yadav, Prabhukarthikeyan S. Rathinam, Keerthana Umapathy, Prajna Pati, and Prakash Chandra Rath. "Emerging Minor Diseases of Rice in India: Losses and Management Strategies." In Integrative Advances in Rice Research. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99898.

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Rice (Oryza sativa L) being one of the imperative food crops of the word contributes immensely to the food and nutritional security of India. The cultivation of rice is changed over the decades from a simple cultivation practices to the advanced cultivation to increase yield. Increased in rice yields especially after 1960s is mainly due to the introduction of high yielding semi-dwarf varieties which requires more inputs like chemical fertilizers, water and other resources. As a result, India achieved self sufficiency in rice and currently producing more than 115 MT of rice to meet country’s demand. Now India is exporting rice to other nations and earning foreign returns. With the change in rice cultivation practices, problems also aroused side by side. A number of biotic and abiotic stresses emerged as major constraints for rice cultivation in diverse agro-climatic conditions and growing ecologies. Diseases are the major biotic constraints to rice which can reduce the yields by 20–100% based on severity. Major diseases like blast, brown spot, bacterial blight, sheath blight and tungro still causing more damage and new minor diseases like bakanae, false smut, grain discoloration, early seedling blight, narrow brown spot, sheath rot have emerged as major problems. The losses due to these diseases may 1–100% based on the growing conditions, varietal susceptibility etc.., At present no significant source of resistance available for any of the above emerging diseases. But looking into the severity of these diseases, it is very important to address them by following integrated management practices like cultural, mechanical, biological and finally chemical control. But more emphasis has to be given to screen gerrmplasm against these diseases and identify stable source of resistance. Finally utilizing these sources in resistance breeding program by employing molecular breeding tools like marker assisted selection (MAS), marker assisted back cross breeding (MABB), gene pyramiding and transgenic tools. The present chapter discusses the importance of these emerging minor diseases of rice, the losses and possible management measures including resistance breeding.
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Cruz, Sergio Manuel Serra, and Gizelle Kupac Vianna. "Using MLP Neural Networks to Detect Late Blight in Brazilian Tomato Crops." In Deep Learning and Neural Networks, 1087–108. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0414-7.ch061.

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The food quality is a major issue in agriculture, economics, and public health. The tomato is one the most consumed vegetables in the world, having a significant production chain in Brazil. Its culture permeates many economic and social sectors. This paper presents a technological approach focused on enhancing the quality of tomatoes crops. The authors developed intelligent computational strategies to support early detection of diseases in Brazilian tomato crops. Their approach consorts real field experiments with inexpensive computer-aided experiments based on pattern recognition using neural networks techniques. The recognition tasks aimed at the identification foliage diseases named late blight, which is characterized by the incidence of brown spots on tomato leaves. The identification method achieved a hit rate of 94.12%, by using digital images in the visible spectrum of the leaves.
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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Brown Blight of tea"

1

Gowthami, M., Nila Baaradhy I, Nithin V, and Subhash J. "A Survey on Tea Plant Disease Prediction for Blister Blight." In 2024 Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in Information Technology and Engineering (ICETITE). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ic-etite58242.2024.10493470.

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Kartikaningsih, Hartati, Eka Deviana Mufti, and Ardian Eko Nurhanief. "Fucoxanthin from brown seaweed Sargassum cristaefolium tea in acid pH." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND MATERIAL ENGINEERING (ICCMME 2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4983436.

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Hewawitharana, G. H. A. U., U. M. L. A. Nawarathne, A. S. F. Hassan, Lochana M. Wijerathna, G. D. Sinniah, Samitha P. Vidhanaarachchi, Jagath Wickramarathne, and Janaka L. Wijekoon. "Effectiveness of Using Deep Learning for Blister Blight Identification in Sri Lankan Tea." In 2023 International Research Conference on Smart Computing and Systems Engineering (SCSE). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scse59836.2023.10215029.

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Mgeladze, Merab, Antaz Kikava, Zhana Tchitanava, Ilia Kalandadze, and Besik Kalandadze. "SOME REGULARITIES OF DEGRADATION OF (14C)-LABELED TEA (Tea Sinensis) BIOMASS IN RED AND BROWN FOREST SOILS." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s20.051.

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The studies using (14C)-labeled tea (Tea Sinensis) biomass have demonstrated that tea biomass is degraded in red (Nitisols Ferralic) and brown forest (Humic Cambisols) soils. The application of manganese sludge and manganese sulfate (MnSO4) in these soils increases the mineralization in both soil taxa evidencing an active participation of Mn ions in the degradation of phenolic substances. When applying manganese sludge and/or MnSO4 to the experimental samples, most of 14CO2 is released during the first 60 days as a result of the labeled tea biomass mineralization. The modification (decrease) of MgCO3 of hydrolysis pH reaction of both, the red (Nitisols Ferralic) and brown forest (Humic Cambisols) soil areas and the addition of manganese sludge and or MnSO4 to them dramatically (almost twice or thrice) increase the tea biomass mineralization rate, which was assessed by quantifying 14CO2. The amount of ash in all test reduces as compared to the reference what can be explained by the chemical properties of organic compounds produced as interim products during the biomass degradation.
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Robertson, Alison. "Corn diseases of 2014: Northern corn leaf blight, Physoderma brown spot, ear and stalk rots." In Proceedings of the 24th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-154.

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Kartikaningsih, Hartati, Yahya, Sri Dayuti, Agus Tumulyadi, and Rifqi Saiqul Umam. "Characteristics brown seaweed tea Sargassum cristaefolium from Talango Island, Madura, East Java." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOLOGY AND APPLIED SCIENCE (ICOBAS). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5115620.

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Motamarri, Venkateshwar, and Sreejith Sreenivasan. "Novel Convolutional Neural Network that Uses a Two-Stage Inception Module for Bacterial Blight and Brown Spot Identification in Rice plant." In 2020 4th International Conference on Imaging, Signal Processing and Communications (ICISPC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icispc51671.2020.00009.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Brown Blight of tea"

1

Bostock, Richard M., Dov Prusky, and Martin Dickman. Redox Climate in Quiescence and Pathogenicity of Postharvest Fungal Pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586466.bard.

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Monilinia fructicola causes brown rot blossom blight and fruit rot in stone fruits. Immature fruit are highly resistant to brown rot but can become infected. These infections typically remain superficial and quiescent until they become active upon maturation of the fruit. High levels of chlorogenic acid (CGA) and related compounds occur in the peel of immature fruit but these levels decline during ripening. CGA inhibits cutinase expression, a putative virulence factor, with little or no effect on spore germination or hyphal growth. To better understand the regulation of cutinase expression by fruit phenolics, we examined the effect of CGA, caffeic acid (CA) and related compounds on the redox potential of the growth medium and intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. The presence of CA in the medium initially lowered the electrochemical redox potential of the medium, increased GSH levels and inhibited cutinase expression. Conidia germinated in the presence of CA, CGA, or GSH produced fewer appressoria and had elongated germ tubes compared to the controls. These results suggest that host redox compounds can regulate fungal infectivity. In order to genetically manipulate this fungus, a transformation system using Agrobacterium was developed. The binary transformation vector, pPTGFPH, was constructed from the plasmid pCT74, carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) driven by the ToxA promoter of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and hygromycin B phosphotransferase (hph) under control of the trpC promoter of from Aspergillus nidulans, and the binary vector pCB403.2, carrying neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII) between the T-DNA borders. Macroconidia of M. fructicola were coincubated with A. tumefaciens strain LBA 4404(pPTGFPH) on media containing acetosyringone for two days. Hygromycin- and G418-resistant M. fructicola transformants were selected while inhibiting A. tumefaciens with cefotaxime. Transformants expressing GFP fluoresced brightly, and were formed with high efficiency and frequency of T-DNA integration frequency. The use of these transformants for in situ studies on stone fruit tissues is discussed.
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