Статті в журналах: "Broadcasting – Canada"

1

Bates, Benjamin J. "Broadcasting Policy in Canada." Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 55, no. 4 (November 30, 2011): 605–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2011.619389.

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2

Attallah, Paul. "Public Broadcasting in Canada." Gazette (Leiden, Netherlands) 62, no. 3-4 (July 2000): 177–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0016549200062003002.

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3

MacLennan, Anne Frances. "Private Broadcasting and the Path to Radio Broadcasting Policy in Canada." Media and Communication 6, no. 1 (February 9, 2018): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v6i1.1219.

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The largely unregulated early years of Canadian radio were vital to development of broadcasting policy. The Report of the Royal Commission on Radio Broadcasting in 1929 and American broadcasting both changed the direction of Canadian broadcasting, but were mitigated by the early, largely unregulated years. Broadcasters operated initially as small, independent, and local broadcasters, then, national networks developed in stages during the 1920s and 1930s. The late adoption of radio broadcasting policy to build a national network in Canada allowed other practices to take root in the wake of other examples, in particular, American commercial broadcasting. By 1929 when the Aird Report recommended a national network, the potential impact of the report was shaped by the path of early broadcasting and the shifts forced on Canada by American broadcasting and policy. Eventually Canada forged its own course that pulled in both directions, permitting both private commercial networks and public national networks.

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4

Boardman, Anthony E., and Aidan R. Vining. "Public Service Broadcasting in Canada." Journal of Media Economics 9, no. 1 (January 1996): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327736me0901_5.

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5

Baldry, Brian D. "Introducing the CBC Broadcasting Centre, Toronto, Canada." SMPTE Journal 102, no. 11 (November 1993): 988–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5594/j03724.

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6

Laht, William V. "Planning of the Canadian Broadcasting Centre Toronto, Canada." SMPTE Journal 102, no. 11 (November 1993): 992–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5594/j03726.

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7

Zolf, Dorothy, and Paul W. Taylor. "Redressing the balance in Canadian broadcasting: A history of religious broadcasting policy in Canada." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 18, no. 2 (June 1989): 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000842988901800203.

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8

Bonina, Geneviève A. "Lessons from Canada." MedienJournal 35, no. 3 (March 25, 2017): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/medienjournal.v35i3.163.

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This article provides an overview of the current approach to evaluation within the Canadian broadcasting sector. Current evaluations take on a variety of labels and guises, but very few actually provide a valid and reliable methodology. The paper provides insight into the need for reform and explains what evaluation should look like to achieve professional evaluation standards. A portion of the proposed evaluation model is used in the context of the Canadian commercial radio licence renewal process to illustrate how it can be applied to evaluate media policy. More importantly, it demonstrates how it can provide lessons for other countries wanting to improve evaluation standards in the quest for heightened accountability.

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9

Grenier, Line. "Radio broadcasting in Canada: the case of ‘transformat’ music." Popular Music 9, no. 2 (May 1990): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143000003925.

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What do Michel Rivard's ‘Un trou dans les nuages’ and Marjo's ‘Les chats sauvages’ have in common? Both songs were released in 1987 by two well-known French-speaking Québécois artists; they sold over 500,000 copies each and remained on the Top-Ten chart of Radio-Activité for over seventy weeks. These songs were played repeatedly on AM and FM radio stations in Quebec. However, unlike most other hits, Rivard's middle of the road (MOR) ballad was even heard on dance-music radios and Marjo's slow-beat rock appeared on the regular playlist of stations devoted primarily to easy-listening music! In fact, these songs are two examples of ‘transformat’ radio music, that is songs that get airplay on various stations which according to their respective operating license, should specialise in different musical genres and display contrasting programming styles. Using examples drawn from an exploratory study of radio music in private (commercial) FM stations in the Eastern Townships (Québec), this article will address some of the issues raised by transformat music. After a brief analytical portrait of Canada's radio policies and format regulations, I shall examine contrasting explanations of this phenomenon which focus on genre/style, state policy and business/industry. In the closing section, I shall present outlines of an alternative approach which rests upon the acknowledgement of the specific contribution of radio to the social production of popular music and addresses transformats as the outcome of creative repetition broadcasting devices.

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10

King, Gretchen, and Felix Odartey-Wellington. "Challenging “Apartheid” on the Canadian Airwaves: The Community Media Advocacy Centre’s Critical and Intersectional Approach to Broadcasting Policy Advocacy, Scholarship, and Education." Canadian Journal of Communication 47, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 415–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjc.2022-0046.

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Background: Within research and teaching concerning broadcasting policymaking, there are evident gaps in Canadian communication studies that marginalize the self-determination of people who are Indigenous, racialized, or living with disAbilities. Analysis: The scholar-activism of the Community Media Advocacy Centre (CMAC) seeks to expand the canon of Canadian communications scholarship, especially in the area of broadcasting policy, to include Canada’s history of colonialism and discrimination against racialized people. Conclusion and Implications: This article summarizes the lessons CMAC is learning about broadcasting policy advocacy, scholarship, and education in Canada while advancing its critical and intersectional approach to disrupting settler colonialism and oppression in the media.

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11

Hayday, Matthew. "Brought To You by the Letters C, R, T, and C: Sesame Street and Canadian Nationalism." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 27, no. 1 (July 18, 2017): 95–137. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1040526ar.

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The wildly popular educational program Sesame Street arrived in Canada during a key transitional period for Canadian broadcasting policy in the early 1970s. An American-made program, it was threatened with cancellation by stations seeking to meet their Canadian content (CanCon) quotas with the least possible financial cost. A heated debate that included public protests and lobbying ensued, involving the Canadian Radio-Television Commission (CRTC), the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), the media, parliamentarians, parents and even children. Each group advanced their particular interests regarding the issue of Canadianizing television. Ultimately, the CBC provided a compromise solution with the Canadianization of Sesame Street, whereby a portion of the program’s segments would be replaced by Canadian-made material that aimed to provide messages about Canada for young children. This tumultuous debate and its ultimate solution reveal the ambivalent attitudes held by Canadians, private broadcasters, and even the CBC about both the CRTC’s Canadianization policies and the quantitative approaches used to meet its objectives. It also demonstrates the roles that activist groups and more established interests such as broadcasters have played in shaping Canadian broadcasting policy.

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12

Raboy, Marc. "Broadcasting Policy, Nationbuilding and Constitutional Politics in Canada and Quebec." Quebec Studies 18 (April 1994): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/qs.18.1.63.

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13

Cryle, Denis. "The Press and Public Service Broadcasting: Neville Petersen's News Not Views and the Case for Australian Exceptionalism." Media International Australia 151, no. 1 (May 2014): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1415100108.

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This article revisits historical rivalries between established and emerging media, namely the press and broadcasting, during the first half of the twentieth century. To this end, the author constructs a dialogue between Neville Petersen's broadcasting research and his own press research over a similar period. In his major work, News Not Views: The ABC, Press and Politics (1932–1947), Petersen (1993) elaborates in detail the ongoing constraints imposed by Australian newspaper proprietors on the fledgling Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) in their ultimately unsuccessful struggle to restrict its news supply and influence. Drawing on subsequent press research based on international forums, the author revisits this rivalry, particularly Petersen's thesis that Australian press proprietors exercised disproportionate influence over the national broadcaster when compared with other English-speaking countries, such as Britain and Canada.

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14

Mowbray, Mike, and Wade Rowland. "Dialogue on Public Broadcasting in Canada: An Interview with Wade Rowland." Stream: Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication 6, no. 1 (July 12, 2014): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/strm.v6i1.82.

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In framing the call-for-papers that kicked off this special issue, we asked potential contributors â€œwhat considerations might guide our attention as we think through public media as a socially central symbolic space that ought to be returned to the public interest? How might we come to re-inhabit public institutions?â€ Further to this, we queried possible contributors about the role and potentials of public broadcasting (notably the CBC) in a changing mediascape, and the possibilities for public media â€“ not limited to the specific domains of established public broadcasters such as the CBC and the provincial educational networks, but rather appealing to an open interpretation of the term â€“ that might be prefigured or imagined at present. As outlined in the introduction to this issue, the written pieces that arose from this line of questioning are varied and vital in their contributions. To place this exercise in context, it is important to note that this special issue of Stream was conceived and produced in conjunction with a public event held at the Wosk Centre for Dialogue at Simon Fraser University on February 6th, 2014 under the title â€˜Occupy Public Broadcasting: Alt. Futures for the CBCâ€™. That eveningâ€™s discussion brought together an eclectic panel and participating audience of media scholars, practitioners, activists, and concerned community members in dialogue and debate over the relative merits, limitations, and â€“ most importantly â€“ the future prospects for the CBC, other public broadcasters, and public media beyond this (circumscribed) context.

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15

Parnis, Deborah. "Tuning in the Future:Digital Technology and Commercial Radio Broadcasting in Canada." Journal of Canadian Studies 35, no. 3 (August 2000): 231–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcs.35.3.231.

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16

Zolf, Dorothy. "The impact of technological change on the broadcasting industry in Canada." Gazette (Leiden, Netherlands) 42, no. 2 (October 1988): 121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001654928804200205.

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17

Taurino, Giulia. "Distributing CanCon: CBC strategies for international distribution." Journal of Popular Television 8, no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jptv_00029_1.

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This article tackles the evolution of Canadian Broadcasting Corporation international distribution strategies at the intersection of the contemporary television landscape, by providing a context and definition for Canadian content (CanCon) rules, so as to consider more recent debates on the positioning of foreign streaming services in Canada in relation to existing broadcasting companies. The aim is to problematize media policies, by outlining the present state of the debate and updating the conversation to include global streaming TV players. Key questions are explored, such as whether CanCon rules are outdated forms of cultural protectionism or still represent viable answers to the risks of media imperialism.

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18

Field, Russell. "The Public Sportscaster: Docudrama, National Memory, and Sport History." Journal of Sport History 41, no. 2 (July 1, 2014): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.41.2.241.

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Abstract Due in large measure to its iconic Hockey Night in Canada telecasts, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) is known nationally for its interest in sport. The network has also sponsored its own sport-themed dramatic and documentary productions. Examining filmic representations of the history of hockey, this paper considers the 2006 CBC docudramatic production Canada Russia ’72. This paper explores the use of the docudrama form for telling historical sport stories while examining the role of Canada’s public broadcaster in producing sport films and promulgating national mythologiess.

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19

Raboy, M. "Lack of bucks riles Canucks: public broadcasting taking the heat in Canada." Screen 32, no. 4 (December 1, 1991): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/screen/32.4.429.

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20

Lloyd, Justine. "“A Girdle of Thought Thrown around the World”." Feminist Media Histories 5, no. 3 (2019): 168–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fmh.2019.5.3.168.

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This article outlines impulses toward internationalism in women's programming during the twentieth century at two public service broadcasters: the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) in Canada and the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) in Australia. These case studies show common patterns as well as key differences in the establishment of an international frame for the modern domestic sphere. Research conducted in paper and audio recording archives relating to nonfiction programming for women demonstrates pervasive tensions between women's international versus national solidarities. The article argues that these contradictions must be highlighted—rather than papered over in a simplistic understanding of such programming as reflecting a binary domestic ideology of private versus public, home versus world—to fully understand media history and cultural memory from a gendered perspective.

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21

Lupien, Philippe-Antoine. "Sport and public service in Canada: The roots of the inherent bonds between the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation/Radio-Canada and the Olympic Games." International Communication Gazette 79, no. 2 (March 2017): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048516689192.

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This article outlines the evolution of sports broadcasting on Canadian television, focusing on the broadcast of the Olympic Games. I argue that history of the Olympics on national television exemplifies the evolution of the idea of public service television in Canada. Specifically, it reflects the delicate balance between the nation’s public and private broadcasters, whose relationship extends far beyond mere competition. The public service raison d’être and mission have nonetheless been called into question throughout the development of television. Incidentally, the values of the Olympic movement were also called into question in this period, during which the Games evolved from an all-amateur Olympiad to a fully commercial spectacle designed for (and by) television.

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22

Creech, Kenneth C. "Book Review: Canada Lives Here: The Case for Public Broadcasting, by Wade Rowland." Journalism & Mass Communication Educator 71, no. 3 (September 2016): 375–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077695816637505.

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23

Monchalin, Lisa, and Olga Marques. ""Canada under Attack from Within": Problematizing "the Natives," Governing Borders, and the Social Injustice of the Akwesasne Dispute." American Indian Culture and Research Journal 38, no. 4 (January 1, 2014): 57–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aicr.38.4.m17273t2717mw667.

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When protests arose from a new Canadian federal policy requiring border officers to carry handguns in 2009, authorities shut down the border to Akwesasne Territory. An initial Canada Broadcasting Corporation news article on this highly publicized event caused an influx of people to post opinions to the online article's message board. Examining 657 of these comments, we analyze the embeddedness of discourses relating to securitization, sovereignty, and citizenship. Highlighting the contentious dichotomy that defines the problematic as either "the Natives" or "the State," this article reveals how many perceptions are filtered through a colonialist lens—a mentality that considers Native peoples a threat and assumes that Canada is "under attack from within."

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24

BRAËN, ANDRÉ. "EL MARCO JURÍDICO APLICABLE A LA TELEVISIÓN PÚBLICA EN CANADÁ." RVAP 81, no. 81 (August 1, 2008): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.81.2008.02.

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El marco jurídico aplicable a la televisión pública en Canadá así como su financiación han sufrido en los últimos tiempos profundas transformaciones. Este artículo explica el sistema de radiotelevisión pública en Canadá así como sus peculiaridades más significativas fruto de las especificidades del propio país (comunidades con distintas lenguas, la vasta extensión del territorio, la cercanía a los Estados Unidos). Kanadan telebista publikoari aplikatu dakiokeen esparru juridikoan, baita bere finantzaketan ere, aldaketa sakonak egon dira azken aldi honetan. Artikulu honek Kanadako irrati-telebista publikoaren sistema azaltzen du, eta baita ere herrialdearen berezitasunek (hizkuntza desberdinak dituzten komunitateak egoteak, lurraldearen handitasunak, Estatu Batuetatik gertu egoteak) sistema horri ematen dizkioten ezaugarri esanguratsuen. The legal framework of public television in Canada and its financing have been suffering deep transformations. This article explains the Canadian public broadcasting system together with its most significant peculiarities which are consequence of the uniquess of the country: communities with different languages, the vast extension of its territory, the proximity to the United States.

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25

Lesage, Frederik. "The Technological Imagination of Public Media." Stream: Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication 6, no. 1 (July 12, 2014): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/strm.v6i1.84.

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Although it has been nearly four decades since Raymond Williamsâ€™ book Television: technology and cultural form (Williams, 2003/1975) was first published, I find it helpful to return to this seminal work with a view of reflecting on the future of public media in Canada. Television is often remembered for Williamsâ€™ critique of technological determinism in Marshall McLuhanâ€™s theory of media. But the book should also be remembered for a number of other significant contributions, including the prescient chapter titled â€œAlternative technology, alternative uses?â€ in which Williams examined some of the innovations in broadcasting technologies being developed at the time. For Williams, these innovations represented at once a risk and an opportunity. The risk was that people in the United States and the United Kingdom who were in a position to shape the implementation of these innovations would remain complacent, allowing their deployment to be â€˜sorted out as we goâ€™ (Williams, 2003/1975, p. 140). The opportunity was that changes to broadcasting infrastructure could afford people the chance to address structural inequities and imagine alternative uses. Williams believed that the early stages in implementing new technological innovations represented an opportune moment for putting in place alternative organizational and policy arrangements for television broadcasting.

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26

Davis, Charles, and Emilia Zboralska. "Transnational over-the-top media distribution as a business and policy disruptor: The case of Netflix in Canada." Journal of Media Innovations 4, no. 1 (January 12, 2017): 4–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jmi.v4i1.2423.

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Digital disruption is often characterized as the conflict between the exponential rate of change in technology, and the slower-paced, incremental rate of change in law, economy, policy, and society writ-large (Franklin, 2012). The rapid encroachment of over-the-top (OTT) content distribution raises policy issues concerning jurisdiction, access, pricing, consolidation of ownership, and source diversity (Holt, 2014), while undermining many of the traditional policy instruments. In this paper, we analyze Netflix’s strategic expansion and meteoric growth in Canada, and focus on a landmark event in Canadian broadcasting policymaking: the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission’s (CRTC) “Let’s Talk TV” hearings of 2013-2014. Through an examination of public documents, we analyze the ways Netflix is considered an opportunity, ally, or a threat by consumers, broadcasters, independent producers, and governments. We show that in a reprioritization of values, many of the principles that motivated legacy broadcasting policy are being sidelined by a consumerist approach that gives freer rein to streamed services. However, Netflix’s refusal to provide the Commission with information it was ordered to produce suggests the most serious disruption is to the notion that online video distribution can or should be regulated in the public interest.

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27

Norman, Mark. "Saturday Night’s Alright for Tweeting: Cultural Citizenship, Collective Discussion, and the New Media Consumption/Production of Hockey Day in Canada." Sociology of Sport Journal 29, no. 3 (September 2012): 306–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.29.3.306.

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Drawing upon data collected during the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation’s 2011 Hockey Day in Canada broadcast, this paper examines how users of Twitter variously reproduced or contested this mediated television program. Three emergent themes from these data are discussed: the sociocultural importance of hockey to Canadians; the corporate sponsorship of Hockey Day in Canada; and the role of controversial commentator Don Cherry on the Canadian public broadcaster. These data suggest that new media can be a site for collective discussion on important sociopolitical issues, a conclusion that is discussed with reference to Scherer and Whitson’s (2009) argument that access to hockey broadcasts is a component of Canadian cultural citizenship; and Jenkins’ (2006a; 2006b) research on access to and participation in new media cultures.

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28

Meadows, Michael, and Lorna Roth. "Something New in the Air: The Story of First People's Television Broadcasting in Canada." Canadian Journal of Sociology / Cahiers canadiens de sociologie 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20460623.

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29

Bond, Jason, Brian Donahue, Mike Craymer, and Geoff Banham. "NRCan’s Compliance Program for high accuracy, GNSS services: ensuring compatibility with the Canadian Spatial Reference System." Geomatica 72, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/geomat-2019-0001.

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There are currently over 700 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) reference stations actively broadcasting corrections (Active Control Stations — ACSs) in Canada. This number has been consistently growing since the early 2000s. In 2009, the federal, provincial, and territorial members of the Canadian Council on Geomatics (CCOG) recognized that consumers of GNSS corrections data had very little ability to verify that service providers were following best practices to ensure the quality of their work. It is common for surveyors to delineate property boundaries or to define the location of civil infrastructure with significant economic value, so being dependent upon another party without quality assurance was perceived as a major risk. Additionally, this new dependence upon commercial ACSs for GNSS corrections posed a threat to the consistency of position values in Canada. To address this concern, CCOG tasked its Canadian Geodetic Reference System Committee (CGRSC) with developing a plan to describe, validate, and provide certification of the GNSS corrections services consumed by industry. This paper summarizes the development of Natural Resources Canada’s (NRCan) Compliance Program for High Accuracy, GNSS Services, and how it can benefit professional surveyors across Canada.

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30

Raboy, Marc. "The Role of the Public in Broadcasting Policy-Making and Regulation: Lesson for Europe from Canada." European Journal of Communication 9, no. 1 (March 1994): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267323194009001001.

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31

Smith, Bruce L., and Jerry C. Brigham. "Benchmark:Native radio broadcasting in North America: An overview of systems in the United States and Canada." Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 36, no. 2 (March 1992): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08838159209364166.

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32

Lehr, John C., Julie Bartlett, and Jeff Tabvahtah. "The distant beat of my father’s drums: Contemporary Aboriginal music and NCI-FM broadcasting, Manitoba, Canada." GeoJournal 65, no. 1-2 (February 2006): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10708-006-0014-0.

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33

Chaplin, Jon. "ESA Olympus provides distance learning in Europe." Industry and Higher Education 2, no. 1 (March 1988): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095042228800200112.

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OLYMPUS is a programme supported by 8 ESA member states, including the UK, Italy and Canada. Its objectives are to develop and prove, in orbit, key satellite technologies which will be relevant to commercial satellite programmes in the 1990s, and to demonstrate new applications of satellites for communications and broadcasting, stimulating all the players in the game. The use of the satellite for service demonstrations starting in 1989 will be normally free of charge but, in principle, the participating organizations will have to meet all other costs of the demonstration, including transport of the material to be transmitted to one of the few uplink stations.

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34

Czoli, Christine D., Elise Pauzé, and Monique Potvin Kent. "Exposure to Food and Beverage Advertising on Television among Canadian Adolescents, 2011 to 2016." Nutrients 12, no. 2 (February 7, 2020): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020428.

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Adolescents represent a key audience for food advertisers, however there is little evidence of adolescent exposure to food marketing in Canada. This study examined trends in Canadian adolescents’ exposure to food advertising on television. To do so, data on 19 food categories were licensed from Nielsen Media Research for May 2011, 2013, and 2016 for the broadcasting market of Toronto, Canada. The average number of advertisements viewed by adolescents aged 12–17 years on 31 television stations during the month of May each year was estimated using television ratings data. Findings revealed that between May 2011 and May 2016, the total number of food advertisements aired on all television stations increased by 4%, while adolescents’ average exposure to food advertising decreased by 31%, going from 221 ads in May 2011 to 154 in May 2016. In May 2016, the advertising of fast food and sugary drinks dominated, relative to other categories, accounting for 42% and 11% of all exposures, respectively. The findings demonstrate a declining trend in exposure to television food advertising among Canadian adolescents, which may be due to shifts in media consumption. These data may serve as a benchmark for monitoring and evaluating future food marketing policies in Canada.

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35

King, Gretchen, and Omme-Salma Rahemtullah. "Community radio contradictions in Canada: Learning from volunteers impacted by commercialising policies and practices." Journal of Alternative & Community Media 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/joacm_00064_1.

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Community radio has been defined by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as promoting non-profit ownership of stations and volunteer participation. The increasing commercialisation of community radio in Canada, evident in changing station practices and regulatory policies, has resulted in the erosion of volunteer run governance and programming. This article draws on community media, anti-oppression, and third-sector studies literature to investigate the experiences of volunteers from two stations, CHRY in Toronto and Radio Centre-Ville in Montral. Current Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) regulations define community radio by virtue of its place in the communities served. This article concludes that reducing the engagement and empowerment of volunteers in community radio programming and governance limits the place of community radio in the community. The authors will also identify best practices that are needed to re-centre community radio within the community while ensuring a sustainable non-profit community broadcasting sector.

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36

Ellis, Gavin. "Different strokes for different folk: Regulatory distinctions in New Zealand media." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 11, no. 2 (September 1, 2005): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v11i2.1053.

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For much of the past century there was broad acceptance of the stark contrast between the state’s involvement in the regulation of the content of broadcasting and its laissez-faire relationship with the columns of the press. The ‘failed market’ argument that substantiated regulation of the airwaves was difficult to counter. Fundamental changes in technology and media markets have, however, rendered the rationale open to challenge. Some aspects of the ‘failed market’, such as frequency scarcity, simply do not apply in the digital age. This article examines the nature of media regulation in New Zealand, noting its similarity to the dichotomous approach in Britain, Canada and Australia but also its divergence toward a more neoliberal market model that largely limits statutory oversight to matters that fall broadly into the categories of morals and ethics. It argues that, given the New Zealand government’s decision more than 15 years ago to forego regulation of ownership or the mechanisms that would serve the public good aspirations of a Reithian model, the continuing role of the state in regulation of broadcasting is questionable. A replacement model could be based on an effective regulatory body already present in the New Zealand media industry—the Advertising Standards Authority

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37

Chesterman, Michael. "Contempt: In the Common Law, but not the Civil Law." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 46, no. 3 (July 1997): 521–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300060796.

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To allow Court orders to be disobeyed would be to tread the road towards anarchy. If the orders of the Court can be treated with disrespect, the whole administration of justice is brought into scorn. Daily, thousands of Canadians resort to our Courts for relief against the wrongful acts of others. If the remedies that Courts grant to correct those wrongs can be ignored, then there will be nothing left but for each person to take the law into his own hands. Loss of respect for the Courts will quickly result in the destruction of our society. [O'Leary J, in Canada Metal Co. Ltd v. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (1975) 48 DLR 3d 641, 669 (High Court of Ontario)]

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38

Phillips, Ryan J., and George Martin. "Listing and protecting culturally significant events: intangible cultural heritage and policy considerations for hockey broadcasting in Canada." International Journal of Cultural Policy 26, no. 5 (September 16, 2019): 584–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2019.1659786.

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39

Judith G. Curtis. "Something New in the Air: The Story of First Peoples Television Broadcasting in Canada (review)." American Indian Quarterly 32, no. 4 (2008): 533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aiq.0.0025.

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40

Wu, Irene. "Canada, South Korea, Netherlands and Sweden: regulatory implications of the convergence of telecommunications, broadcasting and Internet services." Telecommunications Policy 28, no. 1 (February 2004): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2003.05.001.

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41

D’Amico-Cuthbert, Francesca. "“We Don’t Have Those American Problems”: Anti-Black Practices in Canada’s Rap Music Marketplace, 1985–2020." Canadian Journal of History 56, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 320–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.56-3-2021-0106.

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Beginning in the early to mid 1980s, Hip Hop culture appeared on Canadian stages and in homes, even as it was limited in supply on commercial radio and television. Unlike their American counterparts, mainstream Canadian emcees (many of whom were racialized as Black and identified with the city of Toronto) were notably dependent upon personal finances, under-resourced independent record labels, distribution deals, and state and not-for-profit grant monies to subsidize the conceptualization, production, and promotion of their art. Labelled “urban music” in an attempt to spatialize and covertly reference Blackness, Hip Hop in Canada, from the outset, was mapped against, in conflict with, and outside of the national imaginary. While building local scenes, an independent label system, and a cross-Canada college radio, television, and live music infrastructure and audience, Hip Hop artists developed spaces of resistance, circumvented industry-generated obstacles, and defined success on their own terms — all of which suggested that they were not solely at the will of the dominant white music industry. And yet artists simultaneously encountered anti-Black practices that constrained the creation and sustenance of a nationwide Hip Hop infrastructure and denoted an inequitable structuring of support for the arts in Canada. By examining the interface of Blackness, art, and the racial economy of Canada’s creative industries, this article will outline instances of Canada’s anti-Black racism as well as the challenges Hip Hop artists and industry professionals have faced in the areas of recording and label relations, music sales, broadcasting regulations, and the accolade system. These social relations — many of which are rooted in longer histories of race relations and anti-Blackness in Canada — resulted in industry-wide policies, practices, norms, and ideologies that unfairly disadvantaged Black artists and undermined the realization and marketplace potential of a Hip Hop infrastructure within and beyond Canada.

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42

BLATT, C. R., and K. B. McRAE. "EFFECT OF IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM RATE AND PLACEMENT ON TOMATO FRUIT YIELD AND SIZE." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 66, no. 4 (November 1, 1986): 653–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss86-065.

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Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Cabot’) was grown in Atlantic Canada on two soil types that contained either "high" (350–500 kg ha−1) or "low" (85–150 kg ha−1) soil P (Bray no 2). Application of water by trickle irrigation increased total (ripe + green fruit) marketable yields in 3 of 4 yr. Since there were no irrigation versus NPK fertilizer treatment interactions, all treatments were irrigated in subsequent experiments. On the "high" P soil, maximum yield was attained with side-banding P at 8.7 kg ha−1 at transplanting with preplant broadcast N and K. At the same broadcast N and K rates, it required 35 kg ha−1 of broadcast P to achieve the same yield. Similarly, on the "low" P soil with the same rates of N and K broadcast, banding P at rates up to 17.5 kg ha−1 was approximately four times as efficient as either banding or broadcasting all three nutrients in terms of increasing yield. Maximum ripe and total fruit yields, respectively, for the all-banded and all-broadcast methods (80 kg N, 70 kg P and 66 kg K ha−1) were 24 and 17% less than attained when P was banded at 35 kg ha−1 with the same rates of broadcast N and K. Doubling the N and K rates with P increased to 70 kg ha−1 further increased yields by 28% for the P-banded plus N and K broadcast method. However, these high N and K rates seriously depressed yields for the all-banded application. Banding P with broadcast N and K also produced larger fruit than either of the other two application methods. Results clearly demonstrated the yield advantage of irrigation and the superiority of side-banding P with broadcast N and K over banding or broadcasting all three nutrients for maximizing yields and fertilizer-use efficiency for tomato production in the Atlantic Region of Canada. Key words: Tomato, broadcast, banding, phosphorus efficiency, irrigation

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43

Klee, Marcus. ""Hands-Off Labour Forum": The Making and Unmaking of National Working-Class Radio Broadcasting in Canada, 1935-1944." Labour / Le Travail 35 (1995): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25143913.

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44

McCartney, Kevin D., and Garry Gray. "Big Oil U: Canadian Media Coverage of Corporate Obstructionism and Institutional Corruption at the University of Calgary." Canadian Journal of Sociology 43, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 299–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjs29415.

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A 2015 investigation by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) into the involvement of Enbridge Inc. at the University of Calgary drew widespread media attention in Canada on issues of academic integrity and legitimacy as well as renewed attention to the increasing centrality of corporate dollars in public institutions. All of this was further embedded in a public consideration of climate change and the contested legitimacy of carbon corporate interests. A qualitative content media analysis of 70 published stories from Canadian news sources reveals a stark contrast between corporate and non-corporate media frames. Our analysis shows the parallel efforts of the University of Calgary, Enbridge, and corporate media to frame out the central issues of corporate obstructionism in public institutions and, equally, institutional corruption around the mandate, purpose, and intention of those public institutions.

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45

Karamanos, R. E., F. L. Walley, and P. L. Flaten. "Effectiveness of seedrow placement of granular copper products for wheat." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 85, no. 2 (May 1, 2005): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s04-038.

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The practice of placing granular Cu fertilizers with the seed of cereals and oilseeds has been expanding in western Canada mainly due to the high cost of applying the minimum suggested broadcast and incorporation rate of 3.5 kg Cu ha-1. The hypothesis made is that annual applications of small amounts of Cu in the order of 1 kg Cu ha-1 will satisfy the Cu requirement of a crop and, over a period of years, have the same effect as a single broadcast and incorporated application. We tested this hypothesis in a number of experiments aimed at assessing the effectiveness of seedrow placement of a variety of Cu products (sulphate, oxysulphate and chelated) at various rates (0 to 4 kg Cu ha-1) in the year of application, its residual effect after four annual applications and whether it can be combined with foliar Cu applications to provide an agronomic and economic solution both in the short and longer terms. Annual seedrow applications of up to 4 kg ha-1 were both agronomically and economically inferior to broadcasting and incorporation of 4 kg ha-1 as Cu sulphate; the former provided a statistically significant grain yield increase only in 3 of 10 site-years and only when the Cu fertilizer was in sulphate or chelated forms. However, yield increases thus obtained were neither economical nor as good as those obtained with broadcast and incorporated copper sulphate. The residual effects of seedrow-applied Cu at rates up to 4 kg ha-1 were very small compared to a single, 4-yr old broadcasting and incorporation of 4 kg Cu ha-1, and were obtained primarily after 3 yr of annual applications and with sulphate or chelated products only. However, average yield increases as a result of residual effects in the fifth year were approximately 35% of those obtained with broadcasting and incorporation. Combining seedrow with foliar applications did not have any agronomic or economic advantage, since most benefit arose from the latter. Key words: Broadcast and incorporation, sulphate, oxysulphate, chelate, residual

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46

Anderson, Willow J. "‘Indian drum in the house’." International Communication Gazette 74, no. 6 (September 24, 2012): 571–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048512454824.

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This article investigates the production and consumption of Canadian Prime Minister Harper’s 2008 apology to the victims of residential schools. The apology used contextual elements and linguistic devices to construct a particular reality of both the government’s role in residential schools and the nature of Canadian diversity. By comparing themes from Harper’s speech to responses on the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation’s website, the article seeks to understand whether Canadians reaffirm or contest the prime minister’s message. The analysis reveals that although the majority felt the apology was appropriate and important, many contested the discourse that suggested that the attitudes that led to the schools have ‘no place’ in modern-day Canada. Instead the intercultural audience offered competing discourses of genocide and colonialism suggesting that Canada’s identity as it relates to its Aboriginal peoples is still a site of struggle.

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47

Murdocca, Carmela. "Visual Legalities of Race and Reparations." Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société 29, no. 02 (July 18, 2014): 219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cls.2014.6.

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Abstract Drawing attention to the legal and psychoanalytic genealogy of reparations, this article examines the relationship between reparations and racial difference through an analysis of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation’s documentary series 8th Fire: Aboriginal People, Canada and the Way Forward. The representational life of reparations in liberal settler colonialism is a repository for addressing the broader landscape of legality—sovereignty, self-determination and anti-colonialism—beyond the confines of international human rights mechanisms. This article considers the following questions: How do forms of testimony animate connections between reparations and racial difference? In what ways do visual and representational practices operate through racial and colonial temporalities central to reparative juridics? What is the relationship between reparations and possibilities for anti-colonialism? I argue that the social, legal, cultural, and representational life of reparations in settler colonialism is structured by racial difference.

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48

Sumner, Carolyne. "Writing for CBC Wartime Radio Drama: John Weinzweig, Socialism, and the Twelve-Tone Dilemma." Articles 36, no. 2 (October 1, 2018): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1051600ar.

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Radio drama was a quintessential source of entertainment for Canadian audiences during the Second World War, and the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) used the art form to distribute propaganda and garner support for the Canadian war effort. Similarly, CBC radio drama became an essential artistic outlet for artists and composers to articulate their political beliefs to a national audience. This article frames Canadian composer John Weinzweig’s works for the CBC radio drama series New Homes for Old (1941) within the socio-political climate of the 1930s and 1940s and suggests that radio drama provided Weinzweig with a national soapbox for his radical socialist ideals during a time of political upheaval. My research draws on archival materials from Library and Archives Canada, the CBC Music Library Archives, and Concordia’s Centre for Broadcasting and Journalism Studies to build upon the biographical work of Elaine Keillor and Brian Cherney. I establish Weinzweig’s socialist ties and argue that his political leanings prompted him to simplify his serial language in favour of a simplified modernist aesthetic, which appealed to Canada’s conservative wartime audiences. This study of Weinzweig’s radio works reveals how the composer desired to make serial compositions accessible and palatable, and shows how he incorporated vernacular idioms such as folk songs and national anthems as foils to the elitist European serial aesthetic. In doing so, I show how Weinzweig uses a powerful and pervasive medium to promote his unique compositional style and also to reflect the cultural, political, and aesthetic ideals of leftist socialism.

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49

YOUNG, DAVID. "The promotional state and Canada's Juno Awards." Popular Music 23, no. 3 (October 2004): 271–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143004000170.

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The scholarly literature on popular music has rarely addressed music awards shows and the role of the state with regard to popular music. In an effort to deepen what is known about both sets of issues, this article utilises the concept of a promotional state to examine Canada's Juno Awards. A promotional state employs state intervention to support domestic popular music, and the promotional state in Canada has been connected to the Junos in three ways (through Canadian content regulations, public broadcasting and government funding). The historical, political economic analysis in the article considers how the role of the promotional state has undergone changes with regard to the Juno Awards. There has been some ‘hollowing out’ of the promotional state's role since the Junos began in 1971, but the article contends that (in the interests of private capital) the role of this state has continued and even increased in some respects.

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50

Scherer, Jay, and Jordan Koch. "Living With War: Sport, Citizenship, and the Cultural Politics of Post-9/11 Canadian Identity." Sociology of Sport Journal 27, no. 1 (March 2010): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.27.1.1.

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If sport scholars are going to contribute to a critical (inter)national dialogue that challenges “official versions” of a post-9/11 geo-political reality, there is a need to continue to move beyond the borders of the US, and examine how nationalistic sporting spectacles work to promote local military initiatives that are aligned with the imperatives of neoliberal empire. In this article we provide a critical reading of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation’s nationally-televised broadcast of a National Hockey League game, colloquially known as Tickets for Troops. We reveal how interest groups emphasized three interrelated narratives that worked to: 1) personalize the Canadian Forces and understandings of neoliberal citizenship, 2) articulate warfare/military training with men’s ice hockey in relation to various promotional mandates, and 3) optimistically promote the war in Afghanistan and the Conservative Party of Canada via storied national traditions and mythologies.

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