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Статті в журналах з теми "Brebis laitières"
BOCQUIER, F., P. GUILLOUET, and F. BARILLET. "Alimentation hivernale des brebis laitières : intérêt de la mise en lots." INRAE Productions Animales 8, no. 1 (February 21, 1995): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1995.8.1.4101.
Повний текст джерелаBOCQUIER, F., and G. CAJA. "Production et composition du lait de brebis : effets de l’alimentation." INRAE Productions Animales 14, no. 2 (April 16, 2001): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2001.14.2.3734.
Повний текст джерелаVERMOREL, M. "Emissions annuelles de méthane d’origine digestive par les ovins, les caprins et les équins en France." INRAE Productions Animales 10, no. 2 (April 7, 1997): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1997.10.2.3991.
Повний текст джерелаBARILLET, F., and F. BOCQUIER. "Le contexte de production des ovins laitiers en France : principaux objectifs de recherche-développement et conditions de leur mise en oeuvre." INRAE Productions Animales 6, no. 1 (February 27, 1993): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1993.6.1.4183.
Повний текст джерелаMbayahaga, J., C. Baudoux, S. N. M. Mandiki, J. L. Bister, R. Branckaert, and R. Paquay. "Parametres de reproduction et de production des petits ruminants locaux au Burundi." Animal Genetic Resources Information 20 (April 1996): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900000870.
Повний текст джерелаLAMBERT-DERKIMBA, A., F. CASABIANCA, and E. VERRIER. "L’inscription du type génétique dans les règlements techniques des produits animaux sous AOC : conséquences pour les races animales." INRAE Productions Animales 19, no. 5 (December 14, 2006): 357–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2006.19.5.3502.
Повний текст джерелаGargouri, A. "Production et composition du lait de brebis : effets de l’apport de lipides protégés." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 58, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9931.
Повний текст джерелаROUEL, J., J. BONY, G. LAIGNEL, G. LIENARD, and M. THERIEZ. "Dans une exploitation laitière, un troupeau ovin complémentaire. Mise au point d’un système de production en ferme expérimentale." INRAE Productions Animales 8, no. 5 (October 24, 1995): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1995.8.5.4148.
Повний текст джерелаBocquier, F., F. Barillet, P. Guillouet, and M. Jacquin. "Prévision de l'énergie du lait de brebis à partir de différents résultats d'analyses : proposition de lait standard pour les brebis laitières." Annales de Zootechnie 42, no. 1 (1993): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/animres:19930106.
Повний текст джерелаLE DU, J., J. F. COMBAUD, P. LAMBION, Y. DANO, G. GUIONNEAU, and P. ROLLAND. "Productivités horaires du trayeur dans deux installations de traite de petites dimensions pour brebis laitières." Annales de Zootechnie 35, no. 2 (1986): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/animres:19860205.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Brebis laitières"
Machefert, Coralie. "Déterminisme génétique des spectres moyen infrarouge du lait et de l'efficience alimentaire, vers la caractérisation de l'adaptabilité des brebis laitières." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP144.
Повний текст джерелаDue to the growing need to improve feed autonomy on dairy sheep farms, selecting animals capable of optimizing the use of their feed while maintaining quality milk production is becoming a major challenge. To achieve this objective, the use of effective, rapid, inexpensive and non-invasive phenotyping methods is a key point. Among these tools, milk analysis by mid-infrared (MIR) spectrometry, already routinely used in milk recording, is a promising solution. The aims of the thesis project were to study the genetic determinism of feed efficiency in dairy sheep, and to assess the ability of milk MIR spectra for identifying the most efficient ewes. It also aimed to explore the genetic variability captured by milk MIR spectra, and the possibility of using these spectra in phenomic selection. To this end, the thesis project was based on data from the European H2020 SMARTER project, collected on commercial Lacaune ewe farms, as well as on data collected at the INRAE La Fage experimental unit. Work on feed efficiency has shown that collective feeding remains the main challenge in assessing this trait on commercial dairy sheep farms. Under these collective feeding conditions, two approximate feed efficiency traits were proposed and evaluated. They showed low to moderate heritabilities (from 0.08 ± 0.02 to 0.21 ± 0.03) during lactation. The use of MIR spectra to distinguish the most efficient or inefficient animals showed moderate classification accuracy (average accuracy from 0.59 to 0.81). The genetic study of MIR spectra showed that transmittances along the MIR spectra of Lacaune ewe's milk were heritable traits (from 0.13 ± 0.01 to 0.42 ± 0.02), showing different heritability profiles between the first and second half of lactation that could not be explained by a genetic-environmental interaction. As expected, these transmittances showed strong genomic correlations with milk components estimated by spectrometry, but also low to moderate genomic correlations with other, not directly related traits to the spectrum (somatic cell score (SCS), mobilization of body reserves). In addition, we have shown that spectral data are a useful source of information for the study of complex traits, as they are moderately to strongly genetically correlated with approximate feed efficiency traits. Finally, milk MIR spectra have shown promise in phenomic predictions of milk production traits and a health trait (SCS in lactation) included in current breeding goals, but not for udder morphology traits
Casu, Sara. "Recherche de QTL contrôlant la cinétique de l'émission du lait et la morphologie de la mamelle chez les brebis laitières." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INAP0024.
Повний текст джерелаFraysse, Joël. "Etude des facteurs de variation de la composition chimique du lait des troupeaux de brebis laitières dans le Rayon de Roquefort et les Pyrénées Atlantiques." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT011A.
Повний текст джерелаMehaba, Nabil. "Heat stress effects and nutritional alleviation strategies in small ruminants." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670657.
Повний текст джерелаIn the current thesis the effects of heat stress (HS) on performance of Lacaune dairy ewes (Exp.1) as well as the response of HS Murciano-Granadina dairy goats to dietary L-carnitine (Exp. 2) and methionine (Exp. 3) were evaluated. In the 3 Exp., animals were fed a total mixed ration and milked x2 daily. The environmental conditions were: thermal neutral (TN; THI = 59-65) and HS (day, THI = 83; night, THI = 75). Photoperiod (light- dark) was constant (12-12 h). Rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), DMI, water intake (WI) and milk yield (MY) were recorded daily, whereas milk for composition was sampled weekly and BW was registered at the start and the end of each period. In Exp.1, ewes (n = 8) were exposed to TN or HS in a crossover design with 2 periods (21 d each). Further, ewes were administered with glucose, insulin and epinephrine to evaluate the metabolic responses. HS increased RT, RR, WI and BW loss, but reduced DMI, and milk fat and protein contents without affecting MY. Despite the reduced DMI by HS, blood NEFA did not change, but creatinine values increased. Response to the metabolic challenges indicated that HS ewes had faster uptake of glucose and greater resistance to lipolytic signals compared to TN ewes. In Exp.2 & 3 with dairy goats, the design was 4 × 4 Latin square as 2 dietary factors were added to the 2 environmental conditions. The 2 dietary conditions were control (CON) without supplementation vs. rumen protected L-carnitine (CAR, Exp. 2) or rumen protected methionine (Met, Exp. 3). In Exp. 2, HS goats experienced increased RT and RR. Additionally, HS goats suffered 26% loss in DMI, but they tended to eat longer particle sizes. CAR dramatically increased blood free-, acetyl, and total-carnitine concentrations. Despite this efficient absorption, CAR had no effect on DMI, milk production or blood metabolites in TN or HS conditions. In Exp.3, DMI for TN goats was limited to 2.0 kg/d, whereas HS goats were kept feeding ad libitum. Consequently, HS goats had only 9.8% (although significant) less DMI than TN. Consequently, no changes in MY were detected. Expected increments in RT and RR due to HS were detected but Met resulted in less RR in the morning and lower RT in the afternoon. In addition, Met avoided the typical BW loss under HS conditions. The profile of blood amino acids (AA) revealed less basal Met concentration, despite the comparable DMI levels. Additionally, HS goats were in shortage of glutamate, which could be related to the inflammation and immune response at the gastrointestinal level. Met supplementation spared glutamate regardless the ambient temperature. Overall, HS negatively affected the performance of dairy ewes. Metabolic adaptations of dairy ewes to HS included reduced body fat mobilization and increased muscle protein breakdown. Methionine, but not L-carnitine, had some beneficial effects on the performance of heat-stressed dairy goats. Probably some more AA in addition to methionine should be supplemented under HS conditions.
Cette thèse, étude les effets du stress thermique (ST) sur les performances des brebis laitières Lacaune (Exp.1) ainsi que la réponse des chèvres laitières Murciano-Granadina à la L-carnitine (Exp.2) et à la méthionine (Exp. 3) sous conditions de ST. Dans les 3 Exp, les animaux ont reçu une ration totale mélangée et traitent x2 par jours. Les conditions environnementales étaient : thermoneutralité (TN; THI = 59-65) et ST (jour, THI = 83; nuit, THI = 75). La photopériode (jour-nuit) était constante (12-12 h). La température rectale (TR), le rythme respiratoire (RR), la MSI, la prise d’eau (PE) et la production de lait (PL) ont été enregistrés quotidiennement, tandis que le lait pour la composition a été échantillonné chaque semaine et PV a été enregistré au début et à la fin de chaque période. Dans Exp.1, les brebis (n = 8) ont été exposées au TN ou au ST avec permutation de 2 périodes (21 j chacune). En plus, les brebis ont été administrées avec du glucose, de l’insuline et de l’épinéphrine pour évaluer la réponse métabolique. Le ST a augmenté le TR, RR, PE et a réduit le PV, mais a réduit l’IMS et le contenu en matières grasses et en protéines du lait sans affecter la PL. Malgré la réduction de l’IMS par le ST, le AGNE sanguin n’a pas changé, mais les valeurs de créatinine ont augmenté. La réponse aux défis métaboliques a indiqué que les brebis ST avaient une absorption plus rapide du glucose et une plus grande résistance aux signaux lipolytiques que les brebis TN. Dans Exp.2 & 3 avec des chèvres laitières, le design expérimental était un carré latin 4 × 4 car 2 facteurs alimentaires ont été ajoutés aux 2 conditions environnementales. Les 2 conditions alimentaires étaient control (CON) sans supplémentation et une supplémentation avec la L-carnitine protégée du rumen (CAR, Exp. 2) ou avec la méthionine protégée du rumen (Met, Exp. 3). Dans Exp. 2, les chèvres ST ont demontré une augmentation du TR et RR accrues. De plus, les chèvres ST ont réduit de 26% l’IMS, mais elles avaient tendance à manger des particules plus longues. La CAR a considérablement augmenté les concentrations libres, d’acétyle et carnitine totale de sang. Malgré cette absorption efficace, la CAR n’a eu aucun effet sur l’IMS, la PL ou les métabolites sanguins dans les conditions TN ou ST. Dans Exp.3, l’IMS pour les chèvres TN était limité à 2,0 kg/j, tandis que les chèvres ST étaient nourries ad libitum. Par conséquent, les chèvres ST avaient seulement 9,8% (bien que significatif) de moins d’IMS que TN. Par conséquent, aucun changement dans PL n’a été détecté. Des augmentations attendues de la TR et du RR dues au ST ont été détectées, mais la Met a entraîné une diminution du RR le matin et une TR plus basse l’après-midi. De plus, Met a évité la perte de PV typique dans les conditions ST. Le profil des acides aminés du sang (AA) a révélé une concentration en Met basale inférieure, malgré des niveaux de DMI comparables. De plus, les chèvres ST manquaient de glutamate, ce qui pourrait être lié à l’inflammation et à la réponse immunitaire au niveau gastro-intestinal. La supplémentation rencontrée a épargné le glutamate quelle que soit la température ambiante. Globalement, le ST a affecté négativement la performance des brebis laitières. Les adaptations métaboliques des brebis laitières au ST comprenaient une mobilisation réduite des graisses corporelles et une dégradation accrue des protéines musculaires. La méthionine, mais pas la L-carnitine, a eu certains effets bénéfiques sur les performances des chèvres laitières soumises à un ST. Probablement un peu plus d’AA en plus de la méthionine devrait être supplémenté dans les conditions ST.
Oget, Claire. "Effet pléiotrope de la mutation R96C dans le gène SOCS2 chez la brebis laitière." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0100.
Повний текст джерелаIn this PhD thesis, we investigated a mutation in the SOCS2 gene (Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling 2) with a pleiotropic effect, i.e. it affects several traits of interest in the Lacaune dairy sheep. This mutation is unfavourable for mastitis resistance (udder inflammation), and favourable for growth and milk production traits..T Located in the highly conserved binding domain of the SOCS2 protein, this point mutation (SNP - Single Nucleotide Polymorphism), l ocated in the highly conserved binding domain of the SOCS2 protein, causes the loss of functionality of the protein that is involved in a major signalling pathway in mammals:, the JAK (Janus Kinase) / STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) pathway, regulating a large spectrum of cytokines and growth factors. The first objective of this PhD thesis was to provide a basis for considering this mutation in the context of genomic selection in the Lacaune breed. Weighted evaluation methods, and the addition of the SOCS2 SNP among the chip markers, brought gains in accuracy on predictions (+3.99% and +0.26% respectively on average), suggesting the possibility of more efficient selection. The Gene Content method was also interesting because it made it possibleallowed to dissociate the genetic value due to the SOCS2 gene from that of the other genes (polygene). Thus, we have shown that the current selection in Lacaune breed allows reducing the frequency of the unfavourable SOCS2 allele while improving the resistance to mastitis explained by the remaining part of the genome. The second objective was to study the effects of SOCS2 on traits of interest not yet investigated: udder infection status and reproduction in females, and growth in males. Association studies with a 960 SNP chip, including SOCS2 SNP, confirmed the effect of SOCS2 on milk production and mammary inflammation, and showed a direct effect on infection using new fine phenotypes (bacteriology, clinical examinations). Linear models showed that the SOCS2 mutation was associated with: i) an increase in weight in young males (+1.5%), as observed in ewes, and ii) a decrease in the artificial insemination success rate in ewes (+1.3 times the risk of failure), with no effect on prolificacy. These striking and original results on reproduction pave the way for further analyses to determine in particular at what biological stage (ovulation, fecundation, embryonic implantation, etc.) the SOCS2 protein could be involved. The last objective was to determine the role of the SOCS2 protein in the underlying biological immune mechanisms of immunity by investigating the response of 14 homozygous carrier and non-carrier ewes to intramammary infection by Staphylococcus aureus. All ewes developed two peaks of immune cell recruitment to the udder at 20 and 88 hours post-inoculation (T20 and T88). Differential analysis of the expressed genes confirmed a modification of the transcriptome from T16 related to the activation of the immune system, the DNA repair and the cellular apoptosis pathways. Ewes carrying the SOCS2 mutation were distinguished from wild ewes by an increased clinical response at T56 and a difference in T lymphocyte recruitment at the time of the inflammatory peaks. At T56, a total of 177 genes were differentially expressed between the two genotypes. A functional analysis of these genes, and the integration between gene expression and phenotypes, suggest that the mutation leads to an over activation of signal transmission and regulatory pathways (interferons, STAT3) with a deleterious impact on the clinical status of ewes
Bardini, Thierry. "Modèle technique et modernisation : le cas du lait de brebis dans le rayon de Roquefort, 1950-1985." Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100096.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation proposes a new analysis of the field of technological change in agricultural production based on the case study of the ewe milk production in the Roquefort area (southern France) between 1950-1985. The first part of the dissertation is devoted to the presentation of its conceptual and methodological framework. The concepts of technological model and controversy are central in this framework. A technical model is the expression of a global logic of organization of the dynamics of innovation transforming a production as a whole, but often studied separately. The concept of controversy, inherited from the actor-network theory, reveals the genesis and transformation of the technological model. The second part of dissertation is devoted to the case study from the standpoint of the methodology developed in the first part. This empirical part uses two ways of gathering information to analyze the Roquefort technological model and the central controversy on the artificial insemination technology. The genetic improvement of the Lacaune ewe id fundamental for the modernization of the milk production not only in a technological, but also in a social perspective. This analysis shows how the breeders control and manage the modernization of the production by acting as representatives for all the farmers producing milk. The author proposes in his conclusion a new way to characterize the overproduction crisis in the Roquefort area since 1976. He also insists on the methodological value of an analysis based on the concept or technological model, between translation and tradition
Renard, Catherine. "Production, caractérisation, purification d'acides galacturoniques et de dérivés pectiques : étude de leurs effets sur la lactation des brebis." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD399.
Повний текст джерелаFirmin, Stéphane. "Efficacité de détoxication de l'aflatoxine B1 et de l'ochratoxine A par un adsorbant organique : évaluation par la balance d'excrétion et les paramètres toxicocinétiques chez le rat et la brebis laitière." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00673423.
Повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Brebis laitières"
Roffet-Salque, Mélanie, Pascale Gerbault, and Rosalind E. Gillis. "Une histoire de l’exploitation laitière : approches génétique, archéozoologique et biomoléculaire." In Regards croisés: quand les sciences archéologiques rencontrent l'innovation, 1–24. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.3788.
Повний текст джерела