Дисертації: "Breast"

1

Alakhras, Maram Mustafa. "Breast tomosynthesis: Novel detection of breast cancer." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14222.

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Purpose: To evaluate the impact of adding digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) to digital mammography (DM) on radiologists’ performance, confidence and identification of lesions. Also, to evaluate the radiation dose from DBT and DM and to assess image quality at different dose levels. Methods: Twenty six radiologists examined 50 cases in two modes, DM and DM+DBT. The radiologists were classified into three groups as having no DBT experience, workshop DBT and clinical DBT. Radiologists were asked to localize breast lesions, report their type and give a score of 1-5. The first study examined radiologists’ performance by: sensitivity, location sensitivity, specificity, ROC AUC and JAFROC FOM. The second study, using the same case set, looked at the radiologists’ confidence and their ability to identify lesion type. The third study was a phantom-based experiment to evaluate the mean glandular dose using DBT and DM. Eleven readers reported the visibility of lesions for all phantom images on both modalities. Results: All performance measures were significantly higher for DM+DBT compared with DM AUCs (0.788 vs 0.681, p< 0.0001) and JAFROC (0.745 vs 0.621, p< 0.0001). Similar results were obtained for readers with no DBT and with clinical DBT experience. The confidence of radiologists using DM+DBT was significantly higher than DM in scoring cancer (p<0.0001) and normal cases (p= 0.018). The number of stellate lesions correctly reported on DM+DBT was significantly higher than with DM (p< 0.0001). The radiation dose at a thickness of 50 mm was 13% higher for DBT than for DM. The visibility of lesions was acceptable at 50% mAs for DBT and for DM. Conclusions: Addition of DBT to DM significantly improved: radiologists’ performance whether or not they have DBT experience; radiologists’ confidence and the number of stellate lesions compared with DM. DBT radiation dose is slightly higher than DM dose. However, the exposure may be reduced by 50% mAs with no change in image quality.

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2

Merriman, Carolyn. "Breast Exam." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8534.

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3

Lagergren, Jakob. "Immediate breast reconstruction with implants in breast cancer patients /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-230-9/.

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4

Fredriksson, Irma. "Local recurrence after breast conserving surgery in breast cancer /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-255-8/.

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5

Cheok, Frida. "Participation in mammographic screenings in South Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc51843.pdf.

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6

Möller, Ernst Lodewicus. "Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in breast cancer patients after immediate breast reconstruction using the Breast-Q." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32865.

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Background Mastectomy is the mainstay of surgical treatment for women with breast cancer in South Africa. The increase in breast reconstruction after a mastectomy has prompted the need to evaluate patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) for this set of operative intervention. This study aimed to assess clinical and patient reported outcome measures in immediate breast reconstruction patients using the BREAST-Q and compare these with international cohorts. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on all patients who underwent immediate breast reconstruction between January 2011 and December 2016. This consisted of a retrospective clinical record review of perioperative outcomes, and a quality of life analysis using the BREAST-Q Post-Reconstruction questionnaire. Outcome predictors were identified using Chi-square, Fisher exact, One-way ANOVA, Student t-tests and Kruskal Wallis analysis of variance. A random-effect single arm meta-analysis was performed to compare the BREASTQ scores with international cohorts. Results A total of 52 patients were included with a mean age of 43.2 (+/-9.5) years. Eighteen patients (34.6%) developed early complications; of these 8 (44.4%) were major. Thirty-one patients (59.6%) developed late complications; of these 18 (58.1%) were major. Fifteen patients (28.8%) had failed reconstruction. There was a significantly higher risk of failure following a total mastectomy (TM) (p=0.02), tissue expander reconstruction (TE) (p< 0.01) and stage 2 breast cancer (p=0.01). Patients who underwent nipple reconstruction and immediate-delayed reconstruction before 12 months, reported higher well-being and satisfaction scores. Compared to international cohorts our BREAST-Q scores were lower but fall within the 95% confidence interval for Sexual Well-Being and Satisfaction with Nipples and Care. Conclusion Immediate breast reconstruction poses a high risk of complications and reconstructive failure especially, with TM and TE. Our BREAST-Q scores are comparable to international studies and may be useful in guiding patient consent.

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7

Pawluczyk, Olga. "Volumetric estimation of breast density for breast cancer risk prediction." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58694.pdf.

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8

Hall, Emma. "Benign breast disease as a risk factor for breast cancer." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322197.

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9

Okumura, Setsuko. "Feasibility of breast-conserving therapy for macroscopically multiple breast cancer." Kyoto University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/147559.

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10

Doan, Tram Bich. "Nuclear receptor networks in the normal breast and breast cancer." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17162.

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Nuclear receptors (NRs) have been targets of intensive drug development for decades due to their roles as key regulators of multiple developmental, physiological and disease processes. In the normal breast, a number of NRs are reported to be differentially expressed in different epithelial breast cell lineages and likely play a role in the differentiation and maintenance of the normal breast epithelial cell lineages. In breast cancer, expression of the estrogen and progesterone receptors remains clinically important in predicting prognosis and determining therapeutic strategies. More recently, there is growing evidence suggesting the involvement of multiple nuclear receptors other than the estrogen and progesterone receptors, in the regulation of various processes important to the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Identification of key NRs and the pathways they govern in the normal breast and breast cancer is important to our understanding of normal breastdevelopment and pave the way for rational design of prognostic and therapeutic targets for breast cancer. This thesis systematically investigates the expression and co-expression networks of NRs in the normal breast and how they are perturbed in breast cancer with a focus on the identification of network-based prognostic markers for breast cancer. This is done through analysis of multiple expression datasets, both publicly available and in-house generated, of primary normal breast and breast cancer tissues. Among the main findings of this work is the identification of NRs differentially expressed in normal breast epithelial cells at single cell level and the observation that there are major changes in the NR co-expression networks in breast cancer compared to the normal breast. We showed that cancer associated changes in NR co-expression networks are clinically relevant and that these changes can be used to identify NRs with prognostic values in estrogen receptor negative (ER-), HER2 and Basal subgroups of breast cancer. In addition, we demonstrated the utility of co-expression analysis in the identification of potential crosstalk in the signalling networks of different NRs by investigating the potential crosstalk of of MR and RARB in the normal breast and breast cancer.

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11

Haga, Gripsrud Birgitta. "Spectacular breasts : mapping our historical and contemporary cultural fascination with the breast." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434260.

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12

Želvienė, Aušra. "Women beliefs towards breast cancer, breast self-examination and mammography in connection with participation in breast cancer screening." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080129_121108-78281.

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The aim of the study is to assess the connection between women’s participation in breast cancer screening and beliefs towards breast cancer, breast self-examination and mammography. The objectives of the study: 1. To assess validity and reliability of Champion Health Belief Model Scale for beliefs towards breast cancer, breast self-examination and mammography screening for Lithuanian women. 2. To estimate perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, confidence and health motivation. 3. To compare beliefs towards breast cancer, breast self-examination and mammography screening of participant and non-participant women in the screening program. 4. To assess perceived barriers towards mammography screening. 5. To investigate the role of information about breast cancer and mammography screening for women‘s beliefs towards breast cancer, breast self-examination and mammography screening. CONCLUSIONS 1. Champion Health Belief Model Scale is a valid and reliable to assess beliefs towards breast cancer, breast self- examination and mammography. The barriers- mammography item “Regular mammography screening would make me worry about breast cancer” was inappropriate to the scale and expunged from the questionnaire. 2. Surveyed women did not feel much threat to get breast cancer. They overvalued benefits of breast self-examination and positively rated mammography screening. However, confidence to perform breast self-examination was properly low... [to full text]
Šio darbo tikslas buvo įvertinti atvykusių ir neatvykusių tikrintis mamografiškai moterų nuostatų į krūties vėžį, krūtų savityrą ir atrankinę mamografinę patikrą skirtumus. Tikslui pasiekti iškelti tokie uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti Champion VL sveikatos įsitikinimų modelio klausimyno tinkamumą tirti Lietuvos moterų nuostatoms į krūties vėžį, krūtų savityrą ir atrankinę mamografinę patikrą. 2. Nustatyti moterų suvoktą krūties vėžio grėsmę, apsaugančios nuo krūties vėžio pasekmių elgsenos naudą ir kliūtis šiai veiklai, sveikos gyvensenos motyvaciją. 3. Palyginti atvykusių ir neatvykusių tirtis mamografiškai dėl krūties vėžio moterų nuostatas į krūties vėžį, krūtų savityrą ir atrankinę mamografinę patikrą. 4. Įvertinti dalyvavusių atrankinėje mamografinėje patikroje dėl krūties vėžio moterų kliūtis tirtis mamografiškai. 5. Ištirti papildomos informacijos apie krūties vėžį, mamografinę patikrą įtaką moterų nuostatoms į krūties vėžį, savityrą bei atrankinę mamografinę patikrą ir moterų dalyvavimui atrankinės patikros programoje. Išvados: 1. Patikrintas ir įteisintas VL Champion sveikatos įsitikinimų modelio skalės klausimynas yra tinkamas Lietuvos moterų nuostatoms į krūties vėžį, krūtų savityrą ir atrankinę mamografinę patikrą tirti. Sveikos gyvensenos motyvacijos skalė turi būti padalinta į požiūrio į sveiką gyvenseną ir veiklos sveikatos labui subskales. Kliūčių tirtis mamografiškai teiginys “reguliarus mamografinis ištyrimas verstų mane nerimauti dėl krūties vėžio” išbrauktas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

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13

Schmidt, Christy Beth. "The development of a breast examination training instrument." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=646.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 165 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 43).

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14

Matic, Bratislav. "Sensor technology for the breast examination training instrument." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1883.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 52 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-52).

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15

Liu, Haixia. "Texture Feature Analysis of Breast Lesions in Automated 3D Breast Ultrasound." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-211923.

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This thesis investigated a variety of texture features performances on classifying and detecting breast lesions in automated 3D breast ultrasound (ABUS) images with computer-aided diagnosis and detection system. Regions detected by the computer-aided detection system could be categorized into benign and malignant classes, which are supposed to have different texture features. After normalization and segmentation on the original 3D ultrasound breast images automatically, we implemented four texture feature extraction algorithms on the detected targets. The proposed four algorithms are based on 3-dimensional gray level co-occurrence matrix (3-D GLCM), local binary pattern (LBP), Haar-Like and regional zernike moment (RZM) separately. Three major experiments were carried out on a set of ABUS images. In experiment one, we focused on distinguishing malignant lesions (165 samples) from benign lesions (258 samples). In experiment two, we added a number of normal cases (150 samples) to the dataset, by grouping them with benign lesions against malignant lesions and by isolating them from benign and malignant lesions. In experiment three, we tested texture features ability on reducing false positives in the existing computer-aided detection system. In this step, only normal cases (5263 samples) and malignant lesions (165 samples) were examined. To estimate the discrimination power of different texture features, Support VectorMachine (SVM) and AdaBoost classifiers were adopted in corporation withleave-one-patient-out and 10-fold cross validation schemes respectively. The areaunder the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC, also known as Az)values were analyzed corresponding to each texture feature extraction method. TheAz values computed in experiment one are compared as follows: Haar-Like feature'sperformance outweighs others' with the Az value of 0.86, followed by LBP (0.84),RZM(0.81) and 3-D GLCM (0.75). With respect to the results from experiment two,the Az value of grouping normal cases with benign lesions against malignant lesions isbetter than separating them from benign and malignant lesions, in general. Regardingthe outcome from experiment three, the Az value was increased from 0.79 to 0.82after adding LBP and Haralick features to the existing computer-aided detectionsystem. Based on the overall results, we concluded that texture features are useful on classifying benign and malignant lesions in ABUS images and they can improve the performance of the existing computer-aided detection system on detecting breast cancers.

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16

Lan, Shang-Lun. "Vitamin D in Normal Breast Tissue Correlates to Early Breast Carcinogenesis." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471623716.

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17

Vehmanen, Paula. "Breast cancer-predisposing genes in Finnish breast and ovarian cancer families." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2001. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/mat/bioti/vk/vehmanen/.

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18

Gaud, Lydia E. "Nursing Student's Breast Cancer Knowledge and Breast- self Examination Technique Confidence." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3246.

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Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women in the United States. Several factors have been identified that interfere with women's breast cancer screening practices, including lack of knowledge and confidence in the breast self-examination (BSE) technique, and lack of information provided by health care provider. One of the reasons nurses do not teach breast cancer detection could be the little emphasis given to breast cancer examination in nursing schools. The BSE is a measure of significant value in detecting cancer of the breast. However, less than half of the women in the United States are participating in breast cancer screening. The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate the relationship between the freshman and senior nursing students' breast cancer knowledge (BCK) and breast self-examination technique confidence (BSE_TC). An online survey was administered to measure the students' BCK and their BSE_TC. The social cognitive theory guided this study. A sample 100 nursing students (54 senior and 46 freshman) were included for hypothesis testing. The study results indicate that senior nursing students had higher mean scores on the BCK and BSE_TC, as would be expected. However, senior nursing students' BCK_BSE_TC scores were also very low. This is a concern for the future of breast cancer detection. This study provides data showing breast cancer screening concepts are unclear to freshman students, and remain unclear with senior students. Nursing educational curricula in breast cancer screening should be revised to affect improvements in nurses' role in advising and educating patients.

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19

TRIMBOLI, RUBINA MANUELA. "NEW TRENDS IN BREAST IMAGING FOR BREAST CANCER AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/699518.

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Background Qualitative, subjective reading of medical images have been the backbone of image interpretation for the past century, providing useful information to the treating physician. During the past two decades, advances in medical imaging technology have offered the possibility to extract high-resolution anatomic, physiologic, functional, biochemical, and metabolic information from clinical images, all of which reflect the molecular composition of the healthy or diseased tissue of organs imaged in the human body. We are now entering the era of ―quantitative imaging‖ recently formally defined as ―the extraction of quantifiable features from medical images for the assessment of normality, or the severity, degree of change, or status of a disease, injury, or chronic condition relative to normal‖. With appropriate calibration, most of the current imaging technologies can provide quantitative information about specific properties of the tissues being imaged. Purpose This doctoral thesis aims at exploring the possible use of imaging methods such as mammography and breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as imaging biomarkers, measuring functional, biochemical and metabolic characteristics of the breast through medical images. Part I. Breast arterial calcifications for cardiovascular risk Breast arterial calcifications (BAC) are easily recognizable on screening mammography and are associated with coronary artery disease. We tried to implement the estimation of BAC to be easily applicable in clinical prevention of cardiovascular disease. In particular, we evaluated the intra- and inter-observer reproducibility of i) a specifically developed semi-automatic tool and of ii) a semi-quantitative scale for BAC quantification on digital mammograms. Part II. Multiparametric breast MRI for breast cancer management Multiparametric breast MRI allows to simultaneously quantify and visualize multiple functional processes at the cellular and molecular levels to further elucidate the development and progression of breast cancer (BC) and the response to treatment. The purpose of our study was to verify the correlation between enhancement parameters derived from routine breast contrast-enhancement MRI and pathological prognostic factors in invasive BC as a condition for the use of MRI-derived imaging biomarkers in adjunct to traditional prognostic tools in clinical decision making. Part III. Artificial intelligence in Breast MRI Recent enthusiasm regarding the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) into health care and, in particular, into radiology has increased clinicians‘ expectations and also fears regarding the possible impact of AI on their profession. The large datasets provided by and potentially extractable from breast MRI make it the right 6 stuff for fitting AI applications. This session focuses on a systematic mapping review of the literature on AI application in breast MRI published during the past decade, analysing the phenomenon in terms of spread, clinical aim, used approach, and achieved results. Conclusions Medical images represent imaging biomarkers of considerable interest in evidence- based clinical decisionmaking, for therapeutic development and treatment monitoring. Among imaging biomarkers, BAC represent the added value of an ongoing and consolidated cancer screening to act for preventing the main cause of death among women in which traditional CV risk scores do not adequately perform. Breast MRI may act as a prognostic tool to improve BC management through the extraction of a plenty of functional cancer parameters. AI might certainly implement the use of imaging data interacting with and integrating quantitative imaging for improving patient outcome and reducing several sources of bias and variance in the quantitative results obtained from clinical images. The intrinsic multiparametric nature of MRI has the greatest potential to incorporate AI applications into the so called precision medicine. Nevertheless, AI applications are still not ready to be incorporated into clinical practice nor to replace the trained and experienced observer with the ability to interpret and judge during image reading sessions.

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20

Clark, Jacqueline. "Living with Breast Cancer: Emotion-Work Strategies in Breast Cancer Support Groups." NCSU, 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03122007-104945/.

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Research on stress and coping has attempted to explain how people deal with difficult life events, such as the diagnosis of a potentially life-threatening disease. Little attention, however, has been given to how people work together to cope with and manage the emotions evoked by such events. The present study looks at women who joined four breast cancer support groups to help them cope with the emotional fallout of the disease. Data from participant observation in these four groups, in addition to 35 in-depth interviews, are used to develop an analysis of how the women learned to cope collectively with their disease. Seven emotion-work strategies are identified and discussed, including: (a) seeking information; (b) concealing illness; (c) engaging in sexualized joking; (d) practicing compensatory femininity; (e) creating and sharing medicalized stories; (f) taking on the identity of breast cancer survivor; and (g) redefining illness as a blessing. The analysis shows how these strategies were influenced by the class-based resources the women brought with them to the groups. It also illustrates how these strategies (and thus the women?s coping efforts) were influenced and constrained by the mainstream breast cancer culture.

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21

Linda, Quazi Tanzil Afroze. "Developing Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) breast actuation system for detecting breast cancer." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6575.

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It is well known in medicine that changes in tissue elasticity may be related to pathological phenomena such as cancer and other disease. Physicians routinely use palpation as means of inspecting the thyroid, prostate, and breast, where a palpably hard mass can often indicate the presence of a malignant lesion. Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) has emerged as a relatively new elasticity imaging technique which can be used to spatially map and measure displacement patterns resulting from harmonic shear-wave propagation in soft tissue. Displacement fields are then used in reconstructing the tissue’s elastic property distributions. The feasibility of using MRE as a noninvasive means of characterizing the mechanical properties of silicone phantom mimicking human breast, was investigated though experiments involving MRE acquisitions of four phantoms. To achieve sufficient excitation of the phantom tissue, an acoustic actuator was developed. The results of these studies have shown the MRE acquisition to be successful in capturing sufficient data for elastic parameter reconstruction. Another different type of actuator has been developed and tested in the laboratory. The results show the potential for future use of this actuator in MRE experiments.

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22

Degan, Simone A. "Detection of inappropriate cell proliferation in breast epithelium leading to breast cancer." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420679.

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23

Fujishiro, Satsuki. "Cosmetic results and colmplications after breast conserving therapy for early breast cancer." Kyoto University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/151455.

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24

Ahern, Tracey. "Exploring the breast care nurse role in supporting women with breast cancer." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2015. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/948cd8463cefc632cc863f306fe66d6787737c0d24c4ee6a8b629fe57d62a7d6/7873232/201511_Tracey_Ahern_Thesis.pdf.

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Breast cancer is the most common female cancer worldwide and the incidence is increasing. Due to advances in diagnosis and treatment, the number of women surviving breast cancer is also increasing. Those living with and beyond a breast cancer diagnosis need access to a wide variety of information and support which may vary depending on their circumstances. Breast care nurses (BCNs) are well recognised by Australian breast cancer patients for the information and support they provide. However, even though the BCN role has existed within the Australian healthcare system since the 1990’s very little national research has reported on their role, including their different geographical work contexts. The Professional Navigation Framework, used in Canada, provided a useful theoretical framework to inform exploration of these gaps in service to breast cancer patients.

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25

Vitolo, Maria Giovanna. "Microwave breast imaging reconstruction." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10114/.

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In this thesis I analyzed the microwave tomography method to recognize breast can- cer. I study how identify the dielectric permittivity, the Helmoltz equation parameter used to model the real physic problem. Through a non linear least squares method I solve a problem of parameters identification; I show the theoric approach and the devel- opment to reach the results. I use the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, applied on COMSOL software to multiphysic models; so I do numerical proofs on semplified test problems compared to the specific real problem to solve.

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26

Vakkala, née Mustonen M. (Merja). "Apoptosis in breast lesions." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2000. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514256506.

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Abstract In this work the extent of apoptosis was studied in a set of 504 benign and malignant breast lesions to elucidate its role in breast tumor development and progression. Also the correlation of apoptosis with estrogen and progesterone receptor positivity, cell proliferation and patients' prognosis was studied. The breast lesions were also analyzed immunohistochemically with antibodies to apoptosis regulating proteins bcl-2 and bax, and caspases 3, 6 and 8. In addition, the immunohistochemical expression of NO• synthesizing enzyme iNOS in relation to apoptosis and angiogenesis was studied. Furthermore, the expression of the antioxidative enzyme MnSOD was studied in relation to apoptosis and cell proliferation. According to the results, the apoptotic index was lowest in benign breast lesions. It was higher in in situ carcinomas, where a gradual increase in the extent of apoptosis from grade I to III in situ carcinoma was seen. The apoptotic index in invasive carcinomas was higher than in in situ carcinomas, and also in invasive carcinomas there was a gradual increase in apoptosis from grade I to III carcinomas. The apoptotic index was highest in recurrent carcinomas. Strong bcl-2 expression was usually found in benign breast lesions but the immunoreactivity decreased in in situ and invasive carcinomas. There was a significant inverse association between bcl-2 immunoreactivity and the extent of apoptosis. Low bcl-2 immunoreactivity also associated with estrogen- or progesterone receptor negativity. In contrast, bax expression did not show any significant association with apoptosis, hormone receptors or the histologic types of tumors. Strong cytoplasmic caspase 3, 6 and 8 immunoreactivity was found in most carcinomas. It was weaker in in situ carcinomas and only weak immunoreactivity could be seen in benign breast lesions. There was a significant association between the extent of apoptosis and caspase immunoreactivity. iNOS expression was found in both tumor and stromal cells. iNOS expression in tumor cells was more frequently found in invasive than in in situ carcinomas. Its expression correlated significantly with a high apoptotic index and high vascularization of the lesion. There was significantly less MnSOD immunoreactivity in invasive breast carcinomas compared to in situ carcinomas or benign hyperplasias. MnSOD immunoreactivity did not associate with the extent of apoptosis, but there was a marginal inverse association between cell proliferation and MnSOD expression. Increased apoptosis was significantly associated with a high cell proliferation, and inversely associated with a positive estrogen status. A high apoptotic index (< 0.50%) was associated with a decreased survival of the patients. The results of this study show that apoptosis plays a decisive role in the development and progression of breast carcinoma. It is influenced not only by apoptosis regulating proteins, such as bcl-2 and caspases, but also by the estrogen receptor status. Apoptosis was also associated with iNOS positivity, the effect of which is mediated through increased NO• production. In line with the suggested role of MnSOD as a tumor suppressor gene, its expression was downregulated in invasive breast carcinoma. In conclusion, the association of apoptosis with patient survival in breast carcinoma may be secondary to its association with tumor cell proliferation and high tumor grade, not necessarily suggesting any causal association between apoptosis and survival.

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Villman, Kenneth. "Chemosensitivity in Breast Cancer." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : [Univ.-bibl. [distributör]], 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7459.

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28

Tamimi, S. O. "Stroma of breast diseases." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374564.

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29

Haen, Roel. "Breast cancer related lymphedema." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c4a83ffc-790f-46ec-bde2-3ac639dd7c89.

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Improvements in the treatment of breast cancer have resulted in better survival rates and less breast cancer related morbidity. Nevertheless, a significant group of patients still experience a diminished quality of life as a result of lymphedema. In the early, often reversible, stage of lymphedema patients can experience subjective changes in the affected area. However, with the traditionally available tools the lymphedema often remains clinically undetectable and patients are denied essential care that can prevent worsening. Furthermore, most lymphedema assessment tools fail to support a clear unambiguous definition of lymphedema. This underlines the need for a sensitive objective measurement method that can assess lymphedema in a subclinical stage. In this study we demonstrated that measuring tissue dielectric constant (TDC) using the MoistureMeter-D is an effective method to detect tissue water changes and could potentially provide a cost-effective adequate tool to measure the early onset of breast cancer related lymphedema (BCRL). Secondarily, we established the correlation between the novel TDC method and the frequently used arm volume measurements and self-assessment questionnaires. A group of 20 female patients with clinically BCRL were included. TDC measurements in both arms and all quadrant of both breast were recorded along with volumetric measurements of both arms. All patients were asked to complete a self-report questionnaire. The novel TDC method detected significantly higher tissue water levels in the affected arm and breast compared to the control side. The TDC ratio between control and affected side showed significant correlation with self-reported pain and discomfort in both arm and breast. In the arm, the TDC method also showed correlation with the volume measurement method. The TDC value of the arm was correlated to age, but not to BMI. This study demonstrates that measuring TDC using the MMD is an effective method for quantifying lymphedema in arm and breast and is an important tool in detecting early TWC changes.

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30

Bakir, Ayse. "Aluminium and breast cancer." Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/72586/.

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Al-based antiperspirant salts have been implicated as a causative factor in the development of breast cancer due to their proximity of application to the upper outer quadrant of the breast where the majority of breast cancers originate. Since mortality results from metastasis of breast cancer, this thesis has investigated the effects of Al chloride and Al chlorohydrate at 10-4M and 10-5M concentrations on the migratory and invasive abilities of four human breast cell lines. 10-5M was chosen as the concentration of Al previously measured in human nipple aspirate fluids. Effects on migration and invasion of MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MCF-12A and HMF-3A human breast cells were explored using time-lapse microscopy, wound-healing assays and xCELLigence technology. Molecular pathways involving MMP-9, MMP-2, MMP-14, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3, ferritin and NDRG-1 were studied using RT-PCR, western immunoblotting and gelatin zymography. Prior exposure to Al increased the motility of MCF-7 cells after 32 weeks, of MDA-MB-231 cells after 25 weeks of prior exposure and of MCF-12A cells after 11 weeks. At a molecular level, Al chloride and Al chlorohydrate at 10 -5 M and 10 -4 M concentrations affected MMP-9 and MMP-14 mRNA and protein levels in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-12A cells. Although Al did not alter the motility of HMF-3A cells, changes in MMP-9, MMP-2 and MMP-14 mRNA expression and MMP-14 protein levels were found. Levels of the MMP inhibitors, TIMP 1, 2, and 3 were altered in MDA- MB-231 cells. Changes were observed in TIMP-3 levels in MCF-12A cells and TIMP-2 expression in HMF-3A cells. In considering the effects of Al on iron homeostasis, Al chloride was found to enhance ferritin levels in MCF-7 cells after 27weeks and in MCF-12A cells after 1week. Al chlorohydrate increased ferritin levels in MDAMB-231 cells after 21weeks. NDRG-1 mRNA and protein levels in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-12A cells were also affected but only NDRG-1 mRNA was altered in HMF-3A cells. Overall, it can be concluded that Al salts increase migration and invasion of human breast epithelial cells irrespective of whether they are transformed (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231cells) or not (MCF-12A cells), and irrespective of whether the cancer cells are oestrogen responsive (MCF-7 cells) or not (MDA-MB-231 cells). The changes observed in the levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-14 and their inhibitors are indicative of a potential molecular pathway. The results demonstrate that exposure to Al chloride can increase ferritin levels, implicating alteration to iron homeostasis which is a known factor in the development of breast cancer. The results also showed that NDRG-1 expression, whose increase may depend on cell stress as for nickel, may not cause alterations observed in migration and invasion. In the light of these findings, it can be concluded that Al has mechanistic potential to cause metastatic tumour spread, which is the major reason for breast cancer mortality.

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31

Zeidan, Bashar. "Breast cancer biomarker discovery." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/360029/.

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Several environmental and genetic factors are involved in breast cancer development and prognosis. It is clear that mortality rate of breast and other cancers increase with advanced clinical and pathological stage. Early detection thus holds the best cure and identification of prospective markers for breast cancer early detection, as well as understanding the mechanisms of its tumourigenesis and metastatic spread are prerequisites for more effective disease management. This report describes our investigations in breast cancer biomarkers discovery. Here, serum samples from healthy volunteers and patients with breast tumours were analysed and compared to reveal diagnostic and prognostic breast cancer biomarkers. Biobanks hold a large number of samples that could provide statistically powerful cohorts with a wealth of lengthy follow up data; useful for pre disease / treatment biomarker discovery. However, ambiguous handling standards and source variability have limited their analysis. Conducting a two centre study, we illustrated that archival serum samples can be reliably analysed with high reproducibility. This highlights the utility of such samples for validation of markers discovered in recent studies. In addition, these samples could select for "real world" biologically stable marker entities. This work suggested that this is a potentially useful proteomic arena; however the corner stone for any future archival discovery projects remains dependent on multi centre immunovalidation. Breast cancer biomarkers including ER/PR and HER2 status; have led to targeted patient stratification and therapy. A more complex molecular sub classification could explain the different outcome within the disease sub groups. However, clinically reliable early detection and markers remain missing . Here, we investigated differentially expressed serum markers between non metastatic breast cancer, benign breast disease and healthy volunteers. Three validated candidate biomarkers (ANX A3, Apo Cl and a 6.4kDa biomarker) differentiating the three groups. Such breast cancer markers can be used as adjuncts to mammography. Further validation of these markers is ongoing and will be followed by elucidation of potential related molecular pathways. Finally, using a novel proteomic profiling platform, we identified and validated three prediction markers of post treatment outcome in early onset breast cancer. Here, ANX A2, Apo Cl and NOS2 were confirmed as serum prognosticators, and further validation and elucidation of their biological role in the disease holds promise for improved and personalised treatment regimes.

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32

Андрющенко, Володимир Вікторович, Владимир Викторович Андрющенко, and Volodymyr Viktorovych Andriushchenko. "Breast reconstruction following mastectomy." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/7598.

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33

Valencia, Lazenco Anai Alicia. "Breast implant surface development." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/breast-implant-surface-development(a3adf29e-6f81-4a22-8869-6f0f58aea62b).html.

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Bilateral breast augmentation is one of the most common cosmetic surgical procedures carried out on women in the western world. Breast augmentation involves increasing the volume of a woman‘s breasts through surgery by placing a silicone implant in the subglandular or subpectoral cavity. Although a capsule forms inevitably around breast implants as a natural part of healing, it can cause significant morbidity if the capsule becomes firm and contracted, a condition known as breast capsular contracture (BCC). The aetiology of BCC remains unknown however it is characterised by dense fibrocollagenous connective tissue with a local inflammatory response. Host response is influenced by several factors including implant surface texture, chemistry and interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix. Texturing holds the implant in place, thus preventing micromotion at the host prosthesis interface. While in smooth surfaces, the implant moves inside the breast, making the fibroblasts repeatedly produce collagen in response to this host-prosthesis shearing motion. In this thesis, the effect of surface characteristics and specific coatings on the cell-surface interaction has been examined on smooth compared to textured surfaces using commercially available breast implants. The properties of breast implants shells have been characterised using confocal laser microscopy, contact angle measurements, confocal Raman spectroscopy and tensile testing. Confocal laser microscopy was used to evaluate the topographical features and surface roughness of the implant surfaces. Contact angle measurements were carried out to determine the hydrophobicity of the implant surfaces. Chemical characterisation was carried out recording Raman images and spectra of the implants using confocal Raman spectrometer. The mechanical properties of the breast implant shells were measured via tensile testing. Adhesive interactions of breast-derived fibroblasts with breast implant surfaces were examined in-vitro. For this purpose, the effect of four molecule coatings (aggrecan, collagen I, fibronectin, and hyaluronic acid) was evaluated on fibroblast attachment, proliferation, fibroblast morphology, spreading, cytotoxicity and gene expression. Results from in-vitro assays demonstrated cell susceptibility to topography and protein coatings and further showed cytoskeletal re-organisation and modification with specific cell adhesion patterns. Combination of diverse topographies and specific coatings induced differential regulation of the expression of adhesion related genes, such as focal adhesion kinase, paxillin, vinculin, and α-actinin on breast fibroblasts. In conclusion, this thesis has demonstrated the extent and strength of cell adhesion and subsequent cell proliferation and differentiation. This is based on the physical interactions between cells and the extracellular environment in the form of topography and on the chemical interactions mediated by specific coatings. Precise characterisation of the silicone breast implant surfaces was achieved. This may play an important role in the development of improved breast implant surfaces with improved qualities leading the development of surfaces that may be less prone to capsular contracture.

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34

Irwin, Gareth William. "BRCAness in breast cancer." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.706986.

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Background - Breast cancer can be defined various techniques such as immunohistochemistry, gene expression profiles and the presence of genetic mutations. One of these subgroups possesses a sensitivity to DNA-damaging chemotherapy, the BRCAness phenotype. It remains difficult to define this subgroup prior to treatment. This project aims to define BRCAness in breast cancer by assessing BRCAness using three methods: microarray profiling, immunohistochemistry and genetic mutations. Results - A 44 gene signature to predict DNA Damage Repair Deficient Breast cancers was developed from a training cohort of FFPE derived breast tumours enriched for BRCA1/2 mutant cancers. This signature was retrospectively applied to a cohort of sporadic breast cancers and subsequently validated as predictive for improved outcome in a cohort of early-stage breast cancers treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy, a group that exhibits BRCAness. BRCA1 expression was measured by immunohistochemistry, however, this approach failed to predict benefit from chemotherapy in this study. Finally, a mutation, identified in SF3B1, plays a significant role in the DNA damage response and that absence or mutation of SF3B1 leads to sensitivity to DNA damage and this may be a predictor of BRCAness. Conclusion - In summary, we have shown that BRCAness is best defined by gene array profiling. We have shown that BRCA1 immunohistochemistry is of limited use for predicting patient outcomes in breast cancer. Finally, we identified of specific mutations within SF3B1 that induce sensitivity to DNA damage based chemotherapy.

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35

Walsh, Dicks Elizabeth L. "Surgery for breast cancer in St. John's : the statistics, the surgeons' view, the patients' view /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0032/MQ47486.pdf.

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36

Willson, Amy Tindall. ""If I told you what was going to happen, you wouldn't do it" : the breast cancer survivor's experience of chemotherapy : a project based upon an independent investigation /." View online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/5945.

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37

Lundin, Catarina Petersson. "Cytogenetic studies of benign breast lesions." Lund : Dept. of Clinical Genetics, University of Lund, 1998. http://books.google.com/books?id=eaJrAAAAMAAJ.

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38

Bhosle, Monali Jaysing. "Outcomes associated with adjuvant hormonal therapy are there any differences between black and white women with primary breast cancer? /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1189093998.

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39

Yeung, Shuk-chong Rene. "Self-evaluation of coping resources of cancer patients /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22330914.

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40

Hamsakutty, Haris Nopoulos Peg Schultz Susan K. "Association between structural measures of specific regional brain volumes measured by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and neurocognitive performance in elderly breast cancer survivors exposed to chemotherapy." [Iowa City, Iowa] : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/373.

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41

Cheng, Wing-ming Edward. "Emotional well-being in Chinese lung cancer patients." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3197157X.

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42

Schuller, Kelly L. "The framing effect and breast cancer treatment options do individual characteristics play a role? /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4629.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2006.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 97 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 56-65).

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43

Leung, Nga-shan Phyllis. "Cytological features in equivocal diagnoses (C3/4) of breast fine needle aspiration cytology /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36433883.

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44

Mitchell, Jill Laurin. "Construction of meaning in women's experiences with metastatic breast cancer." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1251832051&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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45

Westbrook, John M. "Attachment, optimism, coping, and social support as predictors of psychosocial and psychological adjustment in women with breast cancer." Connect to resource online, 2005. http://ulib.iupui.edu/utility/download.php?file=AAT3208853.pdf&ipfilter=campus_cas.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Fielding Graduate University, 2005.
Title from screen (viewed on July 23, 2009). School of Psychology, Fielding Graduate University. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-172).

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46

Lo, Hau-yan Phyllis. "Understanding breast cancer patients a 3-year follow-up study on psychosocial support groups /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42182189.

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47

Hammond, Lynn C. "A qualitative study of treatment issues of eight women with breast cancer." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1645.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 271 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 225-231).

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48

Dasch, Kimberly B. "Affective differentiation in breast cancer patients." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 70 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1885670961&sid=7&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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49

Andersson, Leni, Nina Nordell, and Annie Wong. "Get to know your breasts : A market research concerning AWARE Breast self-examination pad." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-109.

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Background and problem: During the last decade people have become increasingly aware of their health which has led to the establishment of a new market: Over-the-counter test. These tests enable a consumer to individually monitor and examine their health. A decease where such a test could have a large impact is breast cancer. The Breast self-examination pad AWARE has provided women with an opportunity to prevent the course of the decease to reach beyond treatable. This product is shortly made available to the majority of Swedish women. At present there has been no research conducted in Sweden regarding what women think about such a product.

Purpose: The purpose of this research thesis is to identify which factors to emphasize in the advertising of AWARE

Frame of reference: In this section theories regarding consumer behavior are presented. The chapter in concluded by the creation of a model which aids the fulfillment of the purpose.

Method: In order to accomplish the fulfillment the purpose a quantitative method has been utilized. The data collection constitutes of a market research in the Jönköping region where 354 female respondents were included.

Conclusion: The result presents to which degree the specific factors are important to enhance in the advertising of AWARE. The authors reached the conclusion that the Psychological factor is of highest importance.

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50

Jiao, Xiang. "Somatic Mutations in Breast Cancer Genomes : Discovery and Validation of Breast Cancer Genes." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för immunologi, genetik och patologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-182319.

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Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. However, the genetic alterations that lead to breast cancer are not fully understood. This thesis aims to identify novel genes of potential mechanistic, diagnostic or therapeutic interest in breast cancers by mutational analysis and whole-genome sequencing. In paper I, sequencing of 36 previously identified candidate genes in 96 breast tumors with patient-matched normal DNA determined the somatic mutation prevalence of these candidate genes and identified additional mutations in Notch, NF-κB, PI3K, and Hedgehog pathways as well as in processes mediating DNA methylation, RNA processing and calcium signaling. In paper II, comparison of massively parallel mate-pair sequencing results of a human genome before and after phi29-mediated multiple displacement amplification (MDA) revealed that MDA introduces structural alteration artifacts, with an emphasis on false positive inversions, and impairs the sensitivity to detect true inversions. Therefore, MDA has limited value in sample preparation for whole-genome sequencing for structural alteration detection. In paper III, massively parallel paired-end sequencing identified gene rearrangements in 15 hormone receptor negative breast cancers. Forty validated rearrangements were predicted to directly affect 30 genes, involved in epigenetic regulation, cell mitosis, signalling transduction and glycolytic flux. RNA interference-based assays revealed the potential roles in cell growth of some affected genes, among which DDX10 was implicated to be involved in apoptosis. In paper IV, a method for statistical evaluation of putative translocations detected by massively parallel paired-end sequencing was proposed. In an application of this method to analyse translocations detected by cancer genome deep paired-end sequencing, 76 putative translocations were classified into four categories, with the majority likely to be caused by mismapping due to repetitive regions. Taken together, this thesis provides insights into genes and pathways mutated in sporadic breast cancer genomes, which broaden our understanding of the genetic basis of breast cancer and may ultimately facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

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