Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Breast elasticity"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Breast elasticity"
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Dzoic Dominkovic, Martina, Gordana Ivanac, Kristina Bojanic, Kristina Kralik, Martina Smolic, Eugen Divjak, Robert Smolic, and Boris Brkljacic. "Exploring Association of Breast Pain, Pregnancy, and Body Mass Index with Breast Tissue Elasticity in Healthy Women: Glandular and Fat Differences." Diagnostics 10, no. 6 (June 10, 2020): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10060393.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Breast sonoelastography is a relatively novel ultrasound (US) method that enables estimation of tissue stiffness to estimate the elasticity of normal breast tissue and seek to correlate it with well-known breast cancer risk factors. Two hundred women of different age were included in the study and completed a questionnaire about personal, familiar, and reproductive history. Glandular and fatty tissue elasticity in all breast quadrants was measured by shear wave elastography (SWE). Mean elastographic values of breast tissue were calculated and compared to personal history risk factors. Elasticity of normal glandular tissue (66.4 kilopascals (kPa)) was higher than fatty tissue (26.1 kPa) in all breast quadrants and in both breasts. Lower outer quadrant (LOQ) had the lowest elasticity values of both parenchyma and fat. Higher elasticity values of breast tissue were confirmed in the left breast than in the right breast. Glandular and fat tissue elasticity negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI). Women with mastodynia had higher glandular elastographic values compared to subjects without breast pain. Nuliparity was also associated with higher elasticity of glandular breast tissue. The results of this study are promising and could, over time, contribute to a better understanding of glandular breast tissue elasticity as a potential risk factor for breast cancer.
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Patel, Bhavika K., Kay Pepin, Kathy R. Brandt, Gina L. Mazza, Barbara A. Pockaj, Jun Chen, Yuxiang Zhou, et al. "Global tissue stiffness on breast MR elastography: High-risk dense breast patients have higher stiffness compared to average-risk dense breast patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 10541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.10541.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
10541 Background: Biomechanical tissue properties may vary in the breasts of patients at elevated risk for breast cancer. We aim to quantify in vivo biomechanical tissue properties in various breast densities and in both normal risk and high risk women using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)/MRE and examine the association of biomechanical properties of the breast with cancer risk. Methods: In this IRB–approved prospective single-institution study, we recruited two groups of women differing by breast cancer risk to undergo a 3.0 T dynamic contrast enhanced MRI/MRE of the breast. Low-average risk women were defined as having no personal or significant family history of breast cancer, no prior high risk breast biopsies and a negative mammography within 12 months. High-risk breast cancer patients were recruited from those patients who underwent standard of care breast MR. Within each breast density group (non-dense versus dense), two-sample t-tests were used to compare breast stiffness, elasticity, and viscosity across risk groups (low-average vs high). Results: There were 50 low-average risk and 86 high-risk patients recruited to the study. The risk groups were similar on age (mean age = 55.6 and 53.6 years), density (68% vs. 64% dense breasts) and menopausal status (66.0% vs. 69.8%). Among patients with dense breasts, mean stiffness, elasticity, and viscosity were significantly higher in high risk patients ( N = 55) compared to low-average risk patients ( N = 34; all p < 0.001). In the multivariate logistic regression model, breast stiffness remained a significant predictor of risk status (OR=4.26, 95% CI [1.96, 9.25]) even after controlling for breast density, MRI BPE, age, and menopausal status. Similar results were seen for breast elasticity (OR=4.88, 95% CI [2.08, 11.43]) and viscosity (OR=11.49, 95% CI [1.15, 114.89]). Conclusions: Structurally-based, quantitative biomarker of tissue stiffness obtained from global 3D breast MRE is associated with differences in breast cancer risk in dense breasts. As such, tissue stiffness could provide a novel prognostic marker to help identify the subset of high-risk women with dense breasts who would benefit from increased surveillance.[Table: see text]
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Cosgrove, D., C. Doré, R. Hooley, E. B. Mendelson, L. Barke, A. Cossi, B. Cavanaugh, and L. Larsen. "Shearwave Elasticity Measurements of Breast Fat." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 37, no. 8 (August 2011): S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.05.224.
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Sutradhar, Alok, and Michael J. Miller. "In vivomeasurement of breast skin elasticity and breast skin thickness." Skin Research and Technology 19, no. 1 (August 14, 2012): e191-e199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0846.2012.00627.x.
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Barr, Richard G. "Real-Time Ultrasound Elasticity of the Breast." Ultrasound Quarterly 26, no. 2 (June 2010): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ruq.0b013e3181dc7ce4.
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Moon, Jin Hee, Ji-Young Hwang, Jeong Seon Park, Sung Hye Koh, and Sun-Young Park. "Impact of region of interest (ROI) size on the diagnostic performance of shear wave elastography in differentiating solid breast lesions." Acta Radiologica 59, no. 6 (September 12, 2017): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185117732097.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Shear wave elastography (SWE) using a region of interest (ROI) can demonstrate the quantitative elasticity of breast lesions. Purpose To prospectively evaluate the impact of two different ROI sizes on the diagnostic performance of SWE for differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions. Material and Methods A total of 154 breast lesions were included. Two types of ROIs were investigated: one involving an approximately 2-mm diameter, small round ROIs placed over the stiffest area of the lesion, as determined by SWE (ROI-S); and another ROI drawn along the margin of the lesion using a touch pen or track ball to encompass the entire lesion (ROI-M). Maximum elasticity (Emax), mean elasticity (Emean), minimum elasticity (Emin), and standard deviation (SD) were measured for the two ROIs. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) as well as the sensitivity and specificity of each elasticity value were determined. Results The AUCs for ROI-S were higher than those for ROI-M when differentiating benign and malignant breast solid lesions. The Emax, Emean, Emin, and SD of the elasticity values for ROI-S were 0.865, 0.857, 0.816, and 0.849, respectively, and for ROI-M were 0.820, 0.780, 0.724, and 0.837, respectively. However, only Emax ( P = 0.0024) and Emean ( P = 0.0015) showed statistically significant differences. For ROI-S, the sensitivity and specificity of Emax were 78.8% and 84.3%, respectively, and those for Emean were 80.8% and 81.4%, respectively. Conclusion Using ROI-S with Emax and Emean has better diagnostic performance than ROI-M for differentiating between benign and malignant breast lesions.
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Jha, Anamika. "Ultrasonographic Elasticity Contrast Index of Palpable Breast Lumps." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 56, no. 212 (August 31, 2018): 787–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.3536.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: Elastrography used in addition to grey scale sonography increases its specificity. Elasticity contrast index (ECI) is based on strain elastrography and being a quantitative parameter, maybe more easy to obtain and reproducible while researches has been done in ECI in thyroid lesions, this is the first study, to the best of our knowledge to evaluate in breast lesions. This study was done to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Elasticity Contrast Index (ECI) in differentiating benign from malignant lesions of breast and to determine its cutoff value.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study done at tertiary health care centre, which involved retrospective evaluation of data collected from September 2016 to March 2017. Conventional sonography was done followed by elastography on commercially available ultrasound machine. ECI was calculated in thyroid protocol available in the unit. Histopathological diagnosis was obtained for all the lesions and taken as gold standard.
Results: A total of 89 breast lumps were evaluated, of which was 61 (69.3%) were benign and 27 (30.7%) malignant on histopathology. Independent t test revealed the average ECI value of benign lesions was 2.48 and malignant 5.1. Receiver operating curve showed ECI value of 3.25 as the cutoff, above which the lesions were malignant.
Conclusions: ECI is a quantitative elastography technique which can be easily used as an adjunct during breast sonography and can increase its specificity for diagnosing a lesion as malignant. This could reduce the number of false positive biopsies.
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Kryzhanovskii, Edvard V., Alexander B. Yavorsky, Lim Kwong Choong, and Muslim Liew Bin Abdullah. "Breast state improvement by using the lymphatic drainage disposable bra pads." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 3 (February 27, 2019): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20190925.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: The health and good esthetic conditions of the breast are important indicators of women’s life quality. One factor that negatively affects this quality is the breast ptosis, associated with the sagging of the mammary glands due to tissue stretching and the loss of tissue and skin elasticity. New tools and methods able to improve the shape and beautiful contour of the breast are highly desirable.Methods: We investigated how the disposable bra pads by BAE International Inc., having the lymphatic drainage effect for the breast, influenced the female breast state. We applied two methods, the ultrasound elasticity imaging and the pattern recognition of the nipples position, to monitor the breast state dynamics in two groups of females, the study and control ones.Results: Preliminary results showed that both the breast elasticity and the pattern of nipple positions improved for females wearing the bra pads as compared to females wearing regular bras without pads (P<0.05 for the difference between the two groups of females).Conclusions: Overall, the bra pads by BAE can be considered as an effective tool encouraging metabolism by improving the flow of blood circulation and lymph in the breast.
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Fan, Huaiyu, Junshan Ma, and Carol Garcia. "Application of Elasticity Imaging Techniques Based on Ultrasound in Breast Tumor Activity, Blood Supply, and Benign and Malignant Tumor Diagnosis." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 10, no. 9 (August 1, 2020): 2163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2020.3151.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: The purpose of the study is to discuss the application of ultrasound elasticity imaging techniques in the diagnosis of breast tumor activity, blood supply, benign and malignant tumor diagnosis, and help better diagnosing. Methods: 94 lesions of 84 femalebreast lesions patients were evaluated by conventional ultrasound and static ultrasound elasticity imaging techniques, including 29 malignant lesions and 65 benign lesions. The ultrasonic image was processed by image denoising algorithm. 5-point scale criteria were used to evaluate the elasticity of each lesion, and measure the strain rate (SR) and the mean value of strain color histogram of each lesion. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to analyze the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (Az) of various indicators, and evaluate the diagnostic value of conventional ultrasound, static ultrasound elastic imaging, and the combination of the two. Results: the highest Az value of 0.941 was obtained by combining the three static ultrasound elasticity imaging techniques, namely, scoring method, SR method, and strain color histogram method with conventional ultrasound. It was higher than that (0.891) based on conventional ultrasound breast image report and data system (BI-RADS). Moreover, the diagnosis sensitivity was significantly improved, and the specificity was basically unchanged. Conclusion: the combination of static ultrasound elasticity imaging techniques and conventional ultrasound can reduce the number of benign breast lesions and avoid the omission of malignant lesions requiring biopsy. Static ultrasound elasticity imaging techniques are helpful to distinguish the breast lesions. It can be used as a supplement to conventional ultrasound and improve the diagnostic efficiency of ultrasound.
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Huang, Y., J. Sanz, N. Rodríguez, X. Duran, A. Martínez, X. Li, P. Foro, et al. "Quantitative assessments of late radiation-induced skin and soft tissue toxicity and correlation with RTOG scales and biological equivalent dose in breast cancer." Clinical and Translational Oncology 24, no. 5 (November 18, 2021): 836–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12094-021-02729-z.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Purpose Radiation-induced toxicity (RIT) is usually assessed by inspection and palpation. Due to their subjective and unquantitative nature, objective methods are required. This study aimed to determine whether a quantitative tool is able to assess RIT and establish an underlying BED-response relationship in breast cancer. Methods Patients following seven different breast radiation protocols were recruited to this study for RIT assessment with qualitative and quantitative examination. The biologically equivalent dose (BED) was used to directly compare different radiation regimens. RIT was subjectively evaluated by physicians using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) late toxicity scores. Simultaneously an objective multiprobe device was also used to quantitatively assess late RIT in terms of erythema, hyperpigmentation, elasticity and skin hydration. Results In 194 patients, in terms of the objective measurements, treated breasts showed higher erythema and hyperpigmentation and lower elasticity and hydration than untreated breasts (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.019, respectively). As the BED increased, Δerythema and Δpigmentation gradually increased as well (p = 0.006 and p = 0.002, respectively). Regarding the clinical assessment, the increase in BED resulted in a higher RTOG toxicity grade (p < 0.001). Quantitative assessments were consistent with RTOG scores. As the RTOG toxicity grade increased, the erythema and pigmentation values increased, and the elasticity index decreased (p < 0.001, p = 0.016, p = 0.005, respectively). Conclusions The multiprobe device can be a sensitive and simple tool for research purpose and quantitatively assessing RIT in patients undergoing radiotherapy for breast cancer. Physician-assessed toxicity scores and objective measurements revealed that the BED was positively associated with the severity of RIT.
Дисертації з теми "Breast elasticity"
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Kadour, Michael J. "Assisted-freehand ultrasound elasticity imaging of the breast." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670171.
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von, Lavante Etienne. "Segmentation and sizing of breast cancer masses with ultrasound elasticity imaging." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:81225f61-6b83-405b-aed5-17b316ed586a.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Uncertainty in the sizing of breast cancer masses is a major issue in breast screening programs, as there is a tendency to severely underestimate the sizing of malignant masses, especially with ultrasound imaging as part of the standard triple assessment. Due to this issue about 20% of all surgically treated women have to undergo a second resection, therefore the aim of this thesis is to address this issue by developing novel image analysis methods. Ultrasound elasticity imaging has been proven to have a better ability to differentiate soft tissues compared to standard B-mode. Thus a novel segmentation algorithm is presented, employing elasticity imaging to improve the sizing of malignant breast masses in ultrasound. The main contributions of this work are the introduction of a novel filtering technique to significantly improve the quality of the B-mode image, the development of a segmentation algorithm and their application to an ongoing clinical trial. Due to the limitations of the employed ultrasound device, the development of a method to improve the contrast and signal to noise ratio of B-mode images was required. Thus, an autoregressive model based filter on the radio-frequency signal is presented which is able to reduce the misclassification error on a phantom by up to 90% compared to the employed device, achieving similar results to a state-of-the art ultrasound system. By combining the output of this filter with elasticity data into a region based segmentation framework, a computationally highly efficient segmentation algorithm using Graph-cuts is presented. This method is shown to successfully and reliably segment objects on which previous highly cited methods have failed. Employing this method on 18 cases from a clinical trial, it is shown that the mean absolute error is reduced by 2 mm, and the bias of the B-Mode sizing to underestimate the size was overcome. Furthermore, the ability to detect widespread DCIS is demonstrated.
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Brown, Richard George. "Three-dimensional motion capture for the DIET breast cancer imaging system." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1250.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer in the world today. The search for effective treatment and screening methods is a highly active area of research. The Digital Image-based ElastoTomography (DIET) project is a new breast cancer screening system under development, where surface motion from the mechanically actuated breast is measured in 3D, and used as input to an inverse problem solving for breast elasticity. Cancerous lesions appear as high contrast features, being an order of magnitude stiffer than healthy tissue. The 3D motion capture is measured by an array of digital cameras using computer vision techniques. This thesis presents a complete imaging system and algorithms for the capture of 3D breast surface motion. The main components of the 3D motion capture system are the hardware and software image capture system, camera calibration, intra-image feature tracking, and 3D surface and motion reconstruction. Accurate algorithms for each of these components are developed, with a view to future development and potential modifications needed for a clinically-appropriate system. A number of the algorithms developed have potential applications outside of the DIET system. Proof of concept studies demonstrate the viability of the system, with full motion reconstruction being performed on silicone gel phantoms, designed to approximate human soft tissue, in a number of laboratory experiments.
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Ikeda, Víctor Yoiti. "Integração entre os mercados de soja de Paranaguá (PR) e Sorriso (MT): impacto da nova rota de exportação pelo Porto de Santarém (PA)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-26052015-151808/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar os efeitos da exportação de soja pelo Porto de Santarém (PA) no processo de formação de preços no mercado interno avaliando a integração tradicional entre os mercados no porto de Paranaguá (PR) e no município de Sorriso (MT). O período analisado foi de 2004 a 2013, com valores diários, dividido em dois subperíodos tomando como base para a divisão o potencial ponto de quebra estrutural no nível das diferenças relativas (percentuais) de preços entre Sorriso (MT) e Paranaguá (PR). O primeiro subperíodo considerou os preços de janeiro/04 a março/07, caracterizado pela ausência ou pela adaptação do mercado às novas oportunidades surgidas com a entrada em operação efetiva do porto de Santarém (PA). Já o segundo foi de março/07 a dezembro/13, considerando volumes mais expressivos e consolidados de exportações pelo porto paraense. Os testes de cointegração mostraram que as séries de preços se mantiveram cointegradas nos dois períodos analisados, porém o resultado interessante foi que as estimativas dos coeficientes da regressão da relação de equilíbrio de longo prazo apresentaram elasticidades de transmissão de preços estatisticamente diferentes. Considerando a modelagem VEC, foi observada pela análise de decomposição da variância que houve relativa redução da influência de Paranaguá (PR) nas mudanças de preços em Sorriso (MT) no segundo subperíodo, porém, sua importância permaneceu elevada. Já através da análise de impulsos, constatou-se que as mudanças de preços em Paranaguá (PR) são transmitidas integralmente (elasticidade unitária) a Sorriso (MT) no primeiro período e em torno de 80% no segundo, evidenciando que os preços na região mato-grossense se tornaram menos voláteis. O trabalho concluiu que, dado o processo transitório em termos logísticos observados no Brasil, principalmente no que diz respeito à finalização das obras na BR-163 e expansão da capacidade de escoamento por Santarém (PA), os preços de Sorriso (MT) ainda se mantém integrados ao porto de Paranaguá (PR). Existem, porém, várias evidências que apontam mudanças na formação de preço de Sorriso (MT) após a intensificação das exportações por Santarém (PA).The objective was to analyze the effects of soybean exports through the Port of Santarem (PA) in the price formation process at the domestic market. It was evaluating the integration prices of two traditional markets: the port of Paranagua (PR) and Sorriso (MT). The study period was from 2004 to 2013, with daily values, divided into two sub-periods according to the potential structural break point at the level of relative prices differences (percentage) between Sorriso (MT) and Paranagua (PR). The first sub-period considered prices from January/04 to March/07, characterized by the absence or adaptation to new market opportunities from the effective beginning port of Santarem (PA) operation. The second was from March/07 to December/13, considering most significant and consolidated volumes exports by port of Santarem. The cointegration tests showed that the price series remained cointegrated in both periods analyzed, but an interesting result was the estimates regression coefficients of long-run equilibrium relationship showed transmission price elasticity statistically different. Considering the VEC model, was observed by analysis of variance decomposition that there was a relative reduction of the influence of Paranagua (PR) in price changes in Sorriso (MT) in the second sub-period, however, this importance remained high. By Pulse analysis, it was found that price changes in Paranaguá (PR) are transmitted in full (unit elasticity) to Sorriso (MT) in the first period and around 80% in the second, showing that prices at Mato Grosso region became less volatile. The work concluded that, given the transitional process in terms of logistics observed in Brazil, especially with regard to the completion of works on the BR-163 and expansion of the flow capacity by Santarem (PA), Sorriso (MT) prices still maintains integrated into the port of Paranagua (PR) . However, there are several evidences those changes in the formation of Sorriso (MT) price after the intensification of exports by Santarem (PA).
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CUNTO, GABRIEL G. de. "Aplicação do conceito "vazamento antes da falha" (LEAK BEFORE BREAK) em tubulações de aço 316LN soldado com metal de adição 316L." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2017. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/27963.
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Este trabalho apresenta um estudo prático da aplicação do conceito Leak Before Break (LBB), usualmente aplicado em usinas nucleares, em uma tubulação fabricada a partir de aço AISI 316LN soldada com a utilização de eletrodo revestido AISI 316L. O LBB é um critério fundamentado em análises de mecânica da fratura, que considera que um vazamento proveniente de uma trinca, presente em uma tubulação, possa ser detectado por sistemas de detecção de vazamento, antes que esta trinca alcance um tamanho crítico que implique na falha da tubulação. Na tubulação estudada, foram realizados ensaios mecânicos de tração e análises de Ramberg-Osgood, bem como ensaios de tenacidade à fratura para a obtenção da curva de resistência J-R do material. Os ensaios foram realizados considerando o metal base, a solda e a zona termicamente afetada (ZTA), nas temperaturas de operação de uma planta nuclear. Para as propriedades mecânicas encontradas nos ensaios foram realizadas análises de carga limite para se determinar o tamanho da trinca que cause um vazamento detectável e, também, o seu tamanho crítico que cause a falha por colapso plástico. Para o tamanho crítico de trinca encontrado na solda, região que apresentou a menor tenacidade, foram realizadas análises de Integral J e de módulo de rasgamento T, considerando falha por rasgamento dúctil. Os resultados demonstram um comportamento bem definido entre o metal base, a ZTA e a solda, onde o metal base apresenta um comportamento altamente tenaz, a solda um comportamento pouco tenaz e a ZTA apresentou propriedades mecânicas intermediárias entre o metal base e a solda. Utilizando o software PICEP, foram determinadas as curvas de taxa de vazamento versus tamanho de trinca e também o tamanho crítico da trinca, considerando análise por carga limite. Observou-se que, após certo tamanho de trinca, a taxa de vazamento do metal base é muito maior do que para a ZTA e solda, para um mesmo comprimento de trinca. Isso ocorre porque é esperado que a trinca cresça de forma mais arredondada no metal base, devido à sua maior tenacidade. O menor tamanho crítico de trinca foi encontrado para o metal base para trincas circunferenciais. Para as análises de Integral J realizadas na solda, foi demonstrado que a falha por rasgamento dúctil não ocorrerá nas condições consideradas e essa hipótese foi sedimentada pela análise de mecânica da fratura elasto-plástica (MFEL) com o uso do diagrama J/T. Dessa forma, pode-se concluir que a tubulação estudada estaria apta a ser empregada em um circuito primário de um reator que utilizasse o critério de LBB, nas condições de carregamento e geometria consideradas. Adicionalmente, concluiu-se que nessas condições apenas o modo de falha por colapso plástico é esperado.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Zanetta, Neto Ary Cera. "Efeitos de choques globais na economia brasileira: uma análise a partir do GVAR." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11935.
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O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a propagação de choques econômicos de alguns países sobre o crescimento econômico brasileiro, com principal destaque para China, Estados Unidos da América (EUA) e Argentina, que são os principais parceiros comerciais do Brasil. O aumento do comércio com a China tornou o Brasil muito mais vulnerável a choques no PIB chinês e menos vulnerável, do que no passado recente, a choques no PIB americano, enquanto que a influência da Argentina manteve-se estável. Foi aplicada a metodologia Vetor Autorregressivo Global (Global Var – GVAR), introduzida por Pesaran, Schuermann e Weiner (2004), Garratt, Lee, Pesaran e Shin (2006) e Dées, Di Mauro, Pesaran e Smith (2007), para analisar os canais de comércio e a transmissão de choques entre o resto do mundo e o Brasil. Usando dados trimestrais a partir de 1990 até o final de 2013, foi possível constatar que o aumento da relevância da economia Chinesa na balança comercial Brasileira exerce pressão sobre o crescimento econômico do Brasil. Em suma, a China tornou-se mais relevante para o crescimento econômico do Brasil do que os EUA e a Argentina.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of variations in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of countries and economic blocks over Brazilian economic growth, with emphasis on China, United States of America (USA) and Argentina, which are the main commercial partners of Brazil. The increase in trading with China has made Brazil more vulnerable to shocks in Chinese GDP and less vulnerable, than in the recent past, to shocks in American GDP, and stability in the case of Argentina. It has been applied the methodology Global Vector Autorregressive (Global Var – GVAR), introduced, explained and expanded by Pesaran, Schuermann and Weiner (2004), Garratt, Lee, Pesaran and Shin (2006) and Dées, Di Mauro, Pesaran and Smith (2007) to analyze the trading channels and the transmission of shocks between the rest of the world and Brazil (specially with China, USA and Argentina). Using a sample from the first quarter of 1990 to the third quarter of 2013 it is possible to see that the increase of relevance of the Chinese economy on the Brazil trade balance increased the relevance of the Chinese economy over the Brazilian economy. Therefore, the conclusions of this work indicate a considerable vulnerability of the Brazilian economy to the Chinese economic cycle and, in a lower degree than in the past, to the American and Argentinian economies.
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Villela, Bernardo Antunes Maciel. "Demanda por veículos novos no Brasil: uma análise robusta a quebras estruturais." reponame:Repositório Institucional do BNDES, 2014. https://web.bndes.gov.br/bib/jspui/handle/1408/7108.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O setor automotivo é bastante representativo na economia nacional, o que motivou a realização deste estudo sobre a demanda por veículos novos no Brasil. No presente trabalho, é abordado um modelo econométrico que permite calcular as elasticidades do preço, da renda e do crédito em relação à demanda por veículos, sob a luz da teoria da cointegração. Analisando-se o período de junho de 2000 a janeiro de 2014, verifica-se a ocorrência de três quebras estruturais. Estas quebras dividem o intervalo de tempo analisado em quatro subperíodos, cada um com uma dinâmica própria. A constatação deste fato, muitas vezes negligenciado na literatura científica prévia, é um dos principais resultados deste trabalho: afinal, conclusões bastante distintas seriam obtidas ao se considerar o período todo sem quebras. Vale também destacar que o crédito se mostrou relevante para a demanda em todos os subperíodos: acredita-se, portanto, ser efetiva a implementação de uma política de estímulo ao setor, por meio do incentivo ao crédito. Por último, comenta-se que, no passado recente, a cada 1% de redução no preço do automóvel, a demanda aumentou numa proporção 30% maior. Este resultado corrobora com a percepção de que a redução de impostos pode alavancar a venda de veículos.The automotive sector is fairly representative in the national economy, which motivated this study on the demand for new vehicles in Brazil. The present work discusses an econometric model which allows the calculation of the price, income and credit elasticities on the demand for vehicles in the light of the cointegration theory. Analyzing the period from June 2000 to January 2014, it is possible to observe three structural breaks. These breaks divide the time interval analyzed in four sub-periods, each with its own dynamics. The perception of this fact often overlooked in previous literature is one of the main findings of this work. In fact, very different conclusions would be obtained by considering the entire period without breaks. It is also worth noting that credit has been relevant to the demand in all sub-periods. Therefore, it seems to be effective to implement a policy to boost the automotive sector by encouraging credit. Finally, it is said that in recent history for each 1% reduction in car price, demand has increased in a 30% higher rate. This result corroborates the perception that tax cuts may boost the sale of vehicles.
Dissertação (mestrado) - Fundação Getulio Vargas, Escola de Pós-Graduação em Economia, Rio de Janeiro, 2014.
Bibliografia: p. 54-56
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chen, Wei-liang, and 陳韋良. "Elasticity Analysis of Continuous Breast Ultrasound Images." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48182092552492662615.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立中正大學
資訊工程研究所
91
Elastography is a recently developed technique of imaging the tissue elasticity. The tissue elasticity of a lesion is also a useful US diagnosis criterion. In general, elastograms are created by comparing ultrasound (US) radio-frequency (RF) waveforms obtained before and after a light compression of the tissue. However, in this paper, the elasticity analysis is applied directly in the B-mode US images without the complicated RF extraction system. At first, a segmentation method, called level set, is used to segment the tumor contours from the continuous US images. Three elasticity features, contour difference, area difference and shift distance, are proposed to compare the tumor contours of the uncompressed and compressed US images. A shape feature, solidity, is also used for comparison. In general, the elasticity analysis is applied for two US images with and without compression. In this paper, the elasticity analysis is applied for the continuous 2D US images which are obtained during the probe being pressed. From the experimental results, the continuous elasticity analysis is better than the conventional elasticity analysis using only two images. One hundred of cases including 60 benign cases and 40 malignant cases are used in the experiments. An support vector machine based on the proposed four features is used to diagnosis the tumors. The accuracy of SVM is 87.00% (87/100) and the ROC area index AZ is 0.9140.
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Dougherty, Daniella. "Improving Breast Health: The Use of Hormonal Combinations to Reduce Mammographic Breast Density and the Utility of Shear Wave Elastography as a Biomarker of the Effects of these Interventions." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/129092.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Breast cancer is a major health concern in both developed and developing countries. Although there are many factors that can increase one’s risk of breast cancer; mammographic breast density is labelled as the greatest, modifiable risk factor of breast cancer. So much so, it has been used as a surrogate endpoint in breast cancer intervention trials. Mammographic breast density does have its flaws, especially when being used to monitor therapeutic interventions used to reduce breast cancer risk in clinical practice or clinical trials. To name a few, mammographic breast density responds to interventions slowly, taking up to one and a half years to show significant changes within the breast tissue. Mammographic breast density also requires women to have mammograms, which are not the most pleasant experience, and can lead to women not attending breast cancer screenings or high attrition rates in breast cancer trials. Also, the quantification of mammographic breast density itself can occur in a subjective manner, which can lead to substantial assessor influence on the results. There appears to be a gap in the literature for a biomarker for mammographic breast density, which responds (in a timelier manner) to treatments aimed at reducing mammographic breast density and subsequently breast cancer risk. This thesis aimed to investigate if breast elasticity, as measured by shear wave elastography, is a viable biomarker for mammographic breast density, which can be used in clinical practice or research. This thesis consisted of two main focuses. Firstly, determining if elasticity responds to treatment that also alter mammographic breast density. Secondly, determining a standardised protocol to objectively measure whole breast elasticity, using the SuperSonic™ Imagine Aixplorer® ShearWave™ elastography machine. The first focus consisted of three clinical trials. The first, an analysis of a patient database of women who used HAVAHT+Ai™ to reduce mammographic breast density. The second, a three-month, open-labelled, pharmacokinetic sub-study, determining if breast elasticity changes occurred with HAVAHT+Ai™, as it was shown to reduce mammographic breast density in the initial study. Lastly, a 12-month, open labelled, clinical trial of a combination of a selective androgen receptor modulator and an aromatase inhibitor. Analysing the effect of this combination on mammographic breast density and breast elasticity, enabling the determination of consistency with the elasticity response with two interventions that were shown to reduce mammographic breast density. Correlations between breast elasticity and mammographic breast density variables are also discussed with the potential favourable uses of these in clinical and research settings. The second focus included two studies. The first, an analysis of what shear wave elastography protocols created the most precise data. Secondly, an eight-week study, determining the effects of the hormonal changes of the menstrual cycle, patient position, and repeat measurements of breast elasticity, using shear wave elastography. Using this data to create a description of a standardised protocol to use when using shear wave elastography to measure whole breast elasticity, which will aid and standardised future use and research of breast elasticity as a biomarker for mammographic breast density and breast cancer risk.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Adelaide Medical School, 2020
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Rajagopal, Vijayaraghavan. "Modelling Breast Tissue Mechanics Under Gravity Loading." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/704.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis presents research that was conducted to develop anatomically realistic finite element models of breast deformation under a variety of gravity loading conditions to assist clinicians in tracking suspicious tissues across multiple imaging modalities. Firstly, the accuracy of the modelling framework in predicting deformations of a homogeneous body was measured using custom designed silicon gel phantoms. The model predicted surface deformations with an average RMS error of 1.5 mm +/- 0.2 mm and tracked internal marker locations with an average RMS error of 1.4 mm +/- 0.7 mm. A novel method was then developed to determine the reference configuration of a body, when given its mechanical properties, boundary conditions and a deformed configuration. The theoretical validity of the technique was confirmed with an analytic solution. The accuracy of the method was also measured using silicon gel experiments, predicting the reference configuration surface with an average RMS error of 1.3 mm +/- 0.1 mm, and tracking internal marker locations with an average error of 1.5 mm +/- 0.8 mm. Silicon gel composites were then created to measure the accuracy of standard techniques to model heterogeneity. The models did not match the experimentally recorded deformations. This highlighted the need for further validation exercises on modelling heterogeneity before modelling them in the breast. A semi-automated algorithm was developed to fit finite element models to the skin and muscle surfaces of each individual, which were segmented from breast MR images. The code represented the skin with an average RMS error of 1.46 mm +/- 0.32 mm and the muscle with an average RMS error of 1.52 mm +/- 0.3 mm. The framework was then tested using images of the breast obtained under different gravity loading conditions and neutral buoyancy. A homogeneous model was first developed using the neutral buoyancy images as a representation of the reference configuration. The model did not accurately capture the regional deformations of the breast under gravity loading. However, the gross shape of the breast was reproduced, indicating that a biomechanical model of the breast could be useful to reliably track tissues across multiple images for cancer diagnosis.This research was sponsored by the Top Achiever Doctoral Scholarship and the University of Auckland Doctoral Scholarship. Extra funding for travel was provided by the Graduate Research Fund and the John Logan Campbell Trust Fund.
Книги з теми "Breast elasticity"
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Barr, Richard G. Breast Elastography. Thieme Medical Publishers, Incorporated, 2014.
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Hop, Jon D., and J. L. Marsh. Injuries of the pelvis and hip in children. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.014008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
♦ Displaced cervical fractures must be reduced and then fixed with lag screws♦ Avascular necrosis remains a significant problem♦ Intertrochanteric fractures may be treated closed with traction if an adequate reduction can be obtained and held♦ Dislocated hips should be reduced as soon as possible, open if necessary♦ Pelvic fractures are associated with a high mortality not so much from bleeding from pelvic veins as from accompanying major trauma to the rest of the body♦ The elasticity of children’s bones allows for single breaks in the pelvic ring.
Частини книг з теми "Breast elasticity"
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Li, Q. S., G. Y. H. Lee, C. N. Ong, and C. T. Lim. "Probing the Elasticity of Breast Cancer Cells Using AFM." In IFMBE Proceedings, 2122–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92841-6_530.
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Pathmanathan, Pras, David Gavaghan, Jonathan Whiteley, Sir Michael Brady, Martyn Nash, Poul Nielsen, and Vijay Rajagopal. "Predicting Tumour Location by Simulating Large Deformations of the Breast Using a 3D Finite Element Model and Nonlinear Elasticity." In Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2004, 217–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30136-3_28.
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Knops, R. J., and C. A. Stuart. "Quasiconvexity and Uniqueness of Equilibrium Solutions in Nonlinear Elasticity." In The Breadth and Depth of Continuum Mechanics, 473–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61634-1_21.
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Barr, Richard G. "Breast elastography." In Tissue Elasticity Imaging, 21–46. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-809662-8.00002-4.
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"- Breast Elasticity Imaging." In Physics of Mammographic Imaging, 240–57. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b13066-24.
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Amy, Dominique. "Breast Elastography." In Elastography - Applications in Clinical Medicine [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102445.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Breast elastography has become a key complementary technique. A modality in the framework of breast pathology, complementary of B-mode imaging and colour doppler analysis. Breast ultrasound has provided morphological grayscale images and functional flow analysis of the soft breast tissues. Elastography now brings new physio-pathological information through the assessment of tissue elasticity. There are two different modalities: Real Time Elastography (RTE) and Shear Waves (SWE) ultrafast Imaging. Both techniques require a minimum adhesion to the skill rules for acquisition and interpretation so as to limit the operator dependant dimension and diagnostic errors. Elastography thus becomes perfectly reproducible with good accuracy in the different scores of the RTE or SWE classification. The aim of elastography in cancer screening is to achieve reliable lesion characterisation and better therapy monitoring/management.
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Kohzuki, Yohichi. "Temperature Dependence of the Stress Due to Additives in KCl Single Crystals." In Elasticity of Materials [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104552.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The influence of the state of additive cations on the various deformation characteristics was studied for KCl:Sr2+ single crystal at room temperature. This result gives the heat treatment suitable for the crystal immediately before deformation tests, such as compression and tension. Four kinds of single crystals (KCl: Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+ or Ba2+) were plastically deformed by compression at 77 to room temperature. The plasticity of the crystal depends on dislocation motion from a microscopic viewpoint. When a dislocation breaks away from the defect around the additive cation with the help of thermal activation on the slip plane in the crystal, the variation of effective stress with the temperature was investigated by the combination method of strain-rate cycling tests and ultrasonic oscillations. Furthermore, the critical temperature Tc at which the effective stress due to the additives is zero was estimated for each of the crystals. As a result, Tc value tends to be larger with the divalent cationic size.
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Breitgand, David, Amir Epstein, and Benny Rochwerger. "Resource Management Mechanisms to Support SLAs in IaaS Clouds." In Achieving Federated and Self-Manageable Cloud Infrastructures, 288–307. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1631-8.ch015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The authors consider elastic multi-VM workloads corresponding to multi-tier application and study the fundamental problems of VM placement optimization, subject to policy constraints, elasticity requirements, and performance SLAs. Numerous algorithmic and architecture proposals appeared recently in the area of resource provisioning in IaaS. The chapter provides a comprehensive review of related work in this field and presents the authors’ recent scientific findings in this area obtained in the framework of an EU funded project, RESERVOIR. The chapter discusses horizontal elasticity support in IaaS, its relationship to SLA protection, VM placement optimization and efficient capacity management to improve cost-efficiency of cloud providers. Elastic services comprise multiple virtualized resources that can be added and deleted on demand to match variability in the workload. A Service owner profiles the service to determine its most appropriate sizing under different workload conditions. This variable sizing is formalized through a service level agreement (SLA) between the service owner and the cloud provider. The Cloud provider obtains maximum benefit when it succeeds to fully allocate the resource set demanded by the elastic service subject to its SLA. Failure to do so may result in SLA breach and financial losses to the provider. The chapter defines a novel combinatorial optimization problem called elastic services placement problem to maximize the provider’s benefit from SLA compliant placement. It demonstrates the feasibility of our approach through a simulation study, showing that we are capable of consistently obtaining good solutions in a time efficient manner. In addition, we discuss how resource utilization level can be improved through an advanced capacity management leveraging elastic workload resource consumption variability.
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Calvo, Guillermo. "The Liquidity Approach to Financial Crises1." In Macroeconomics in Times of Liquidity Crises. The MIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035415.003.0002.
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The chapter focuses sharply on liquid assets, and is the heart of the book. It distinguishes between intrinsic and extrinsic liquidity, centering on the latter. Extrinsic liquidity may break down on the spur of the moment and generate socially costly Liquidity Crunch. A substantive part of the chapter is devoted to discussing relative resilience of liquid assets, and focuses on Keynes's Price Theory of Money, the resilience of the US dollar, the weakness of bonds denominated in that currency, and of currencies of emerging-market economies. The chapter claims that recent financial crises can realistically be modeled as old-fashioned bank runs, and that assets' liquidity may be a function of policy. Special attention is paid to a phenomenon called Liquidity Deflation, which helps to rationalize Liquidity Trap as a consequence of loss of money liquidity rather than on the conventional explanation based on the infinite interest elasticity of money demand.
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Moore, Robbie. "Lounging Bodies: The Lobby and Piazza." In Hotel Modernity, 27–58. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474456654.003.0002.
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This chapter considers oversized American hotel lobbies and the kinds of bodies that were imagined to inhabit it. It focusses on Henry James’s early travel journalism, ‘Daisy Miller’ and The American, as well as Fanny Fern’s writing on hotel etiquette. For James, the lobby produced a new kind of masculinity and a new kind of body: the stretched-out, elastic body of leisured bourgeois men. James’s fiction contains a hidden genealogy of long-legged men, many of whom were drawn to big hotel spaces. If the genteel ideal of the well-mannered body was self-control and self-possession, James’s long-legged men breach the genteel code. Their elasticity confounds the margin between self and other, and by melding into hotel furniture and architectural structures, they also confound the margin between human and stuff. In ‘Daisy Miller’, the comingling of elastic bodies means that servants, bourgeois gentlemen and counts, minor characters and major characters, all look the same. Hotel lobbies and hotel bodies are shown to be disruptive agents in Victorian culture with ambivalent social potential.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Breast elasticity"
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Skerl, Katrin, Sandy Cochran, and Andrew Evans. "Automatic estimation of elasticity parameters in breast tissue." In SPIE Medical Imaging, edited by Johan G. Bosch and Marvin M. Doyley. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2043578.
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Xu, Chaoxian, Yuhua Wang, Ningcheng Jiang, Hongqin Yang, Juqiang Lin, and Shusen Xie. "Elasticity measurement of breast cancer cells by atomic force microscopy." In Twelfth International Conference on Photonics and Imaging in Biology and Medicine (PIBM 2014), edited by Qingming Luo, Lihong V. Wang, and Valery V. Tuchin. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2069116.
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Matsumura, T., T. Umemoto, Y. Fujihara, E. Ueno, M. Yamakawa, T. Shiina, and T. Mitake. "Measurement of elastic property of breast tissue for elasticity imaging." In 2009 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2009.5442044.
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Dastjerdi, Maryam Mehdizadeh, and Ali Mahloojifar. "Towards Realistic Modeling of Breast Elasticity Modulus Alterations in Medical Simulation." In 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Knowledge Acquisition and Modeling Workshop (KAM 2008 Workshop). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/kamw.2008.4810699.
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Hall, T. J., A. M. Sommer, E. S. Burnside, G. A. Sisney, G. K. Hesley, N. J. Hangiandreou, and W. E. Svensson. "P3D-2 ROC Analysis of Ultrasound Elasticity Imaging of Breast Abnormalities." In 2006 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2006.522.
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Tsukune, Mariko, Maya Hatano, Yo Kobayashi, Tomoyuki Miyashita, and M. G. Fujie. "Boundary condition generating large strain on breast tumor for nonlinear elasticity estimation." In 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6610637.
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Zhang, Jingdan, Shaohua Kevin Zhou, Shelby Brunke, Carol Lowery, and Dorin Comaniciu. "Detection and retrieval of cysts in joint ultrasound B-mode and elasticity breast images." In 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2010.5490387.
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Shirai, Yuki, Zhimeng Li, and Atsushi Sakuma. "Position Identification of Inclusions in Soft Objects by Indentation Testing." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70546.
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The incidence rate of breast cancer for women in Japan is increasing each year. The three main methods of screening for breast cancer are finger palpation, mammography and breast ultrasound. These methods must be improved to decrease the incidence rate. This involves the development of personal, easy-to-use devices that facilitate cancer diagnosis. This study evaluates an indentation device developed to imitate traditional finger palpation and identify the position of the tumor inside the breast. The identification procedure is based on the extended Hertzian contact theory, which was developed to evaluate the elasticity of a thin specimen. In this extended theory, the thickness effect of the specimen is represented by a thickness parameter, and the position can be identified by the analysis of the effect. The procedure is verified by using FEM for ideal inclusion model in soft object, and the accurateness of the identification is discussed for the development. In the verification, some difference in the identified position between the condition and the result of FEM is observed with the difference of the identified elasticity of the object. It was reported that the approximation of accurate elasticity could affect the accuracy of position identification. Subsequently, the identification accuracy of Young’s modulus and thickness of specimen is discussed considering the problem of inclusion. Using the proposed approach, high accuracy can be observed in the range of 5 mm to 15 mm; however, a greater level of accuracy in identification remains to be achieved in other ranges. Thus, it is concluded that identification is possible using the extended Hertzian contact theory; however, for accurate identification of cancer position in a breast, the theory requires further modification.
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Yang Xiao, Jie Zeng, Ming Qian, Rongqin Zheng, and Hairong Zheng. "Quantitative analysis of peri-tumor tissue elasticity based on shear-wave elastography for breast tumor classification." In 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6609704.
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Singh, M. Suheshkumar, K. Rajan, R. M. Vasu, and K. Sijeesh. "A novel two sources ultrasound modulated optical tomographic system for screening breast cancer through elasticity characterization." In 2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP 2009. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2009.5414070.
Повний текст джерелаЗвіти організацій з теми "Breast elasticity"
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Chensvert, Thomas L. NMR Reconstructive Elasticity Imaging of Breast: Surrogate Remote Palpation Using Quantitative 3-D Displacement and Strain Estimations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada391282.
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