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Статті в журналах з теми "Brachylaima"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 31 січня 2023

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1

Gérard, Claudia, Armelle Ansart, Nolwenn Decanter, Marie-Claire Martin, and Maxime Dahirel. "Brachylaima spp. (Trematoda) parasitizing Cornu aspersum (Gastropoda) in France with potential risk of human consumption." Parasite 27 (2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2020012.

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The edible land snail Cornu aspersum, native to the Mediterranean coastlines of North Africa, is widely distributed on most continents and often invasive in areas where introduction is recent. This species could contribute to the geographic spread of parasites as demonstrated for Brachylaima spp. These cosmopolitan trematodes may represent a threat to human health, like in Australia where Brachylaima cribbi infects humans. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time the occurrence of Brachylaima spp. in two French populations of C. aspersum, Thorigné-Fouillard (Ille-et-Vilaine), and Arçais (Deux-Sèvres), with an overall prevalence of 10.4% (Thorigné-Fouillard) and 73.3% (Arçais), respectively and a metacercarial intensity on average three times higher in Thorigné-Fouillard (37) than in Arçais (11). Cornu aspersum may act as a first and second intermediate host, as demonstrated in Arçais. The morphometrics of metacercariae, particularly the great body length about 2 mm, discriminate our Brachylaima species from those already described in C. aspersum (B. cribbi in Australia, and B. aspersae, B. llobregatensis and B. mascomai in Europe). Molecular analysis, based on 28S and COI, suggests the occurrence of two species in our study, one of which is probably Brachylaima mesostoma, an intestinal parasite of passeriform birds described in Central Europe. We underline the need for further research to identify species of Brachylaima in France and measure the health hazard of consuming field-collected snails.

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2

Butcher, Andrew R. "Children, snails and worms: the Brachylaima cribbi story." Microbiology Australia 37, no. 1 (2016): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma16012.

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Brachylaimids are parasitic trematode fluke worms that have a terrestrial life cycle involving land snails and slugs as the first and/or second intermediate hosts for the cercarial and metacercarial larval stages. A wide range of mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians are the definitive hosts for the adult worm. Brachylaima spp. have been reported from most continents including Europe, Africa, Asia, North and South America and Australia. There are over 70 described species in the genus with seven species indigenous to Australia. Although Brachylaima spp. are a cosmopolitan terrestrial trematode they have not been recorded to infect humans other than the three Brachylaima cribbi infections reported in two children and an adult from South Australia.

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3

Matoba, Y., D. Yamada, M. Asano, Y. Oku, K. Kitaura, K. Yagi, F. Tenora, and M. Asakawa. "Parasitic helminths from feral raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Japan." Helminthologia 43, no. 3 (June 1, 2006): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-006-0027-8.

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AbstractAn epidemiological survey of 1688 free-ranging raccoons (Procyon lotor) captured on the Japanese main islands of Hokkaido, Honshu and Kyushu was undertaken to determine whether Baylisascaris procyonis, which provokes fatal neurological larva migrans was present; however, the worm was not detected in any of these individuals. A helminthological investigation was carried out on 229 of the captured racoons and the following worms obtained: Toxocara tanuki, Porrocaecum sp., Molineus legerae, Ancylostoma kushimaense, Aonchotheca putorii, Centrorhynchus sp., Centrorhynchus bazaleticus, C. elongatum, Plagiorhynchidae gen sp., Hemiechinosoma sp., Metagonimus takahashii, M. miyatai, Euparyphium sp., Plagiorchis muris, Brachylaima sp., and Taenia hydatigena. These were the first records of Porrocaecum sp., M. miyatai, Brachylaima sp. and T. hydatigena obtained from Japanese feral raccoons. Scanning electron microscopic and/or molecular analyses were performed for both T. tanuki and T. hydatigena as these helminths both have a zoonotic counterpart amongst their families.

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4

HENEBERG, PETR, JILJÍ SITKO, and JIŘÍ BIZOS. "Molecular and comparative morphological analysis of central European parasitic flatworms of the superfamily Brachylaimoidea Allison, 1943 (Trematoda: Plagiorchiida)." Parasitology 143, no. 4 (January 28, 2016): 455–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118201500181x.

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SUMMARYThe Brachylaimoidea are digenean parasites of vertebrates, including humans, domestic animals, poultry and wild game. Numerous Brachylaimoidea, particularly adults ofBrachylaimaandLeucochloridium, are difficult to identify to species. We provide and analyse sequences of two nuclear (18S rDNA, ITS2) and two mitochondrial (CO1, ND1) DNA loci of central European species of the Brachylaimoidea, namelyLeucochloridium holostomum, Leucochloridium paradoxum, Leucochloridium perturbatum, Leucochloridium subtilis, Leucochloridium vogtianum, Urotocus rossitensis, Urogonimus macrostomus, Michajlovia migrata, Leucochloridiomorpha lutea, Brachylaima arcuatus, Brachylaima fuscataandBrachylaima mesostoma. We identified three clades in the genusLeucochloridium, which do not correspond to the previously suggested subgeneraNeoleucochloridium, PapilloleucochloridiumandLeucochloridium. We reject classification ofUrotocusandUrogonimusin Leucochloridiinae, and, instead, re-establish the subfamilies Urotocinae and Urogoniminae. We synonymize the genusRenylaimawith the genusBrachylaima. We rejectM. migrataas a member of Leucochloridiinae sensu stricto or Brachylaimidae suggested by some previous authors. We found that the previously sequencedGlaphyrostomumsp. does not cluster with any hitherto sequenced Brachylaimidae. We also provide comparative measurements of the examined central European Brachylaimoidea, address the the specificity of their localization in the host and discuss their host-specific prevalence and intensity of infections based on the extensive dataset of birds examined in 1962–2015.

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5

Cribb, T. H. "Introduction of a Brachylaima species (Digenea: Brachylaimidae) to Australia." International Journal for Parasitology 20, no. 6 (October 1990): 789–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(90)90013-d.

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6

Akramova, Jangubaev, Arapbaev, Yorkulov, Rabbimov, and Azimov. "HELMINTHS OF DOMESTIC AND WILD GALLIFORMES IN UZBEKISTAN." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 22 (May 19, 2021): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6046256-1-3.2021.22.44-50.

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We found that parasitic worms were widespread in the study Galliformes of Uzbekistan. The total helminth infection rate in domestic and wild Galliformes was 50.5%. 43 species of helminths belonging to cestodes, trematodes and nematodes were identified in infected birds. For the first time for the helminth fauna of Uzbekistan, we recorded 3 species of trematodes (Brachylaima fuscatus, Collyriculum faba and Echinostoma miyagawai) and 10 species of nematodes (genera: Capillaria, Aonchotheca, Ascaridia, Heterakis, Dispharynx, Streptocara, Tetrameres, Diplotriaena and Splendidofilaria). In our collected materials, representatives of the Cestoda class were represented by 10 common and widespread species. The Trematoda class was represented by 11 species in the study territory. Two species Brachylaima fuscatus (Rudolphi, 1819) and Cоrrigia corrigia (Braun, 1901) were first recorded in the Himalayan snowcock; and Echinostoma miyagawai Ichii, 1932 in the partridge in the mountainous territories of Central Uzbekistan. The Nematoda class was characterized by the greatest species diversity in Galliformes of Uzbekistan – we recorded 22 species. Among them, Diplotriaena perdicis Sonin et Spassky, 1958; Splendidofilaria gvozdevi Sonin et Baruś, 1978; and Splendidofilaria papillocerca (Lubimov, 1946) were recorded by us for the first time for Galliformes.

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7

Nakao, Minoru, Tsukasa Waki, Mizuki Sasaki, Jason L. Anders, Daisuke Koga, and Mitsuhiko Asakawa. "Brachylaima ezohelicis sp. nov. (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae) found from the land snail Ezohelix gainesi , with a note of an unidentified Brachylaima species in Hokkaido, Japan." Parasitology International 66, no. 3 (June 2017): 240–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2017.01.015.

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8

Orlovskaya, O. M., та N. Е. Dokuchaev. "Трематоды (Trematoda, Plathelminthes) азиатского бурундука (Tamias sibiricus) Магаданской области." Bulletin of the North-East Science Center, № 4 (29 грудня 2021): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34078/1814-0998-2021-4-109-116.

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Data on trematodes (Trematoda) of the Siberian Cipmunk (Tamias sibiricus) in Magadan Oblast are presented. Four trematode species of the two families (Plagiorchiidae Lühe, 1901 (Plagiorchis vespertilionis (Müller, 1780); Pl. elegans (Rudolphi, 1802), Pl. eutamiatis (Schulz, 1932), and Brachylaimidae Goyeux et Folay, 1930 (Brachylaima recurva (Dujardin, 1845)) are identified. An illustrated description of all the four species of trematodes, first noted in the Chipmunk in the North-East of Russia, is given.

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9

Fedatto-Bernardon, Fabiana, Thainá Dutra-Vieira, and Gertrud Müller. "First record of Brachylaima (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae) in Salvator merianae (Squamata: Teiidae)." Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 88, no. 3 (September 2017): 765–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmb.2017.06.006.

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10

Butcher, Andrew R., Helen M. Palethorpe, and David I. Grove. "The susceptibility of inbred mice to infection with Brachylaima cribbi (Digenea: Brachylaimidae)." Parasitology International 51, no. 1 (March 2002): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5769(01)00102-7.

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11

Butcher, Andrew R., Helen M. Palethorpe, and David I. Grove. "Response to re-infection with Brachylaima cribbi in immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice." Parasitology International 52, no. 3 (September 2003): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5769(03)00026-6.

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12

González-Moreno, O., M. Gracenea, and M. A. Carretero. "Intrageneric status of two Brachylaima (Trematoda) sympatric species: morphological and biological characterization." Parasitology International 47 (August 1998): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5769(98)80815-5.

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13

Torres, J., R. García-Perea, J. Gisbert, and C. Feliu. "Helminth fauna of the Iberian lynx, Lynx pardinus." Journal of Helminthology 72, no. 3 (September 1998): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00016473.

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AbstractSpecimens of 12 helminth species were collected from carcasses of eight Lynx pardinus (Temminck, 1827), a carnivore endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. These species included: Brachylaima sp. (12.5%) (Trematoda); Taenia pisiformis (12.5%), T. polyacantha (25%), T. taeniaeformis (25%) and Mesocestoides litteratus (37.5%) (Cestoda); Eucoleus aerophilus (12.5%), Ancylostoma tubaeforme (12.5%), Toxocara cati (37.5%), Toxascaris leonina (62.5%), Vigisospirura potekhina potekhina (12.5%), Mastophorus muris (12.5%) and Physaloptera praeputialis (12.5%) (Nematoda). The helminth fauna in Iberian lynx is compared with that of L. canadensis and L. rufus in America, and for L. lynx in Eurasia. The potential relationships between the parasitological data and some geographical, historical and dietary factors are discussed.

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14

Thiengo, Silvana C., and Suzana B. Amato. "Phyllocaulis variegatus (Mollusca: Veronicellidae), a new intermediate host for Brachylaima sp. (Digenea: Brachylaimatidae)." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 90, no. 5 (October 1995): 621–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02761995000500015.

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15

Butcher, A. R., J. K. Brealey, D. I. Grove, and R. B. Dymock. "Brachylaima cribbi(Digenea: Brachylaimidae): scanning electron microscopical observations of the life-cycle stages." Journal of Helminthology 76, no. 3 (September 2002): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2002119.

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AbstractBrachylaima cribbiis a recently described species of terrestrial trematode that infects mammals and birds with helicid land snails as its first and second intermediate hosts. The adult worm is 2.5–6.0 mm long by 0.5–0.8 mm wide being a long slender cylindrical worm with oral and ventral suckers in the anterior quarter and genital pore in the posterior quarter. Scanning electron microscopy shows that there is a dense covering of tegumental spines at the anterior end which diminishes towards the posterior extremities of the worm. Development of spines was observed in juvenile and mature adult worms. In young worms 1–3 weeks post infection (wpi) spines appear as buds with a serrated edge each having 1–4 spikes per spine. As the worm ages the spines broaden and by 5 wpi the number of spikes per spine increases to an average of 8.1. The serial development of oral sucker papillae in the cercaria, metacercaria and adult worm was observed with the finding of an elongated papilla with a bifurcated tip on the cercaria becoming a shorter and thicker elongated papilla with a large central stoma on the metacercaria. In the adult worm, this papilla becomes dome-shaped with a small central stoma. For some of these papillae a cilium could be seen extended from the central stoma. Other life-cycle stages illustrated were the hatched egg with an extruded egg membrane minus an operculum and a portion of the branched sporocyst dissected from the digestive gland of the land snailTheba pisanashowing a terminal birth pore. Scanning electron microscopy morphological features of the adult worm observed for the first time in aBrachylaimawere the unarmed cirrus extended from the genital pore with released sperm present and the Laurer's canal opening visible in tegumental folds on the dorsal surface approximately 300 μm posterior to the genital pore.

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16

Awharitoma, A. O., C. E. Okaka, and S. E. Obaze. "Larval stages of Brachylaima fuscatum in the terrestrial snail Limicolaria aurora from southern Nigeria." Journal of Helminthology 77, no. 1 (March 2003): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2002155.

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AbstractOf 150 specimens of the gastropod snail Limicolaria aurora examined from the Edo and Delta states of Nigeria, 63.4% were infected with larval digeneans comprising mother sporocysts (12.1%) daughter sporocysts (20.4%) cercariae (43.1%) and metacercariae (24.5%). Attempts to experimentally infect three 14-day-old chicks (Gallus domesticus) and two laboratory-bred 4-month-old mice (Mus musculus) by oral feeding and peritoneal injection with cercariae were negative, although experimental infections of chicks via a cloacal drop yielded 62 immature and 37 mature worms from the intestinal caeca and ileum. The worms were identified as Brachylaima fuscatum (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae). The study also revealed that L. aurora acts as an intermediate host for B. fuscatum, in addition to Eulota sp., Helix sp., Helicella sp., Oxychilus sp. and Agrolimax sp.

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17

Butcher, Andrew R., Graham A. Talbot, Robert E. Norton, Martyn D. Kirk, Thomas H. Cribb, Jocelyn R. L. Forsyth, Brodie Knight, and A. Scott Cameron. "Locally acquired Brachylaima sp. (Digenea: Brachylaimidae) intestinal fluke infection in two South Australian infants." Medical Journal of Australia 164, no. 8 (April 1996): 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb122125.x.

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18

Waki, Tsukasa, Mizuki Sasaki, Kazuyuki Mashino, Takashi Iwaki, and Minoru Nakao. "Brachylaima lignieuhadrae n. sp. (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae) from land snails of the genus Euhadra in Japan." Parasitology International 74 (February 2020): 101992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2019.101992.

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19

Nakao, Minoru, Mizuki Sasaki, and Tsukasa Waki. "Brachylaima succini sp. nov. (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae) from Succinea lauta, an amber snail in Hokkaido, Japan." Parasitology International 77 (August 2020): 102104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2020.102104.

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20

Milazzo, C., A. Ribas, J. Casanova, M. Cagnin, F. Geraci, and C. Bella. "Helminths of the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) (Berkenhout, 1769) in the city of Palermo, Italy." Helminthologia 47, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 238–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-010-0037-4.

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AbstractA helminthological survey was performed on 143 brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) from the city of Palermo (Italy). The overall prevalence of helminth infection was 98.60 %. The following parasites were found: Brachylaima sp. (prevalence 8.39 %) (Trematoda); Taenia taeniaeformis larvae (11.89 %), Rodentolepis nana (13.29 %), Hymenolepis diminuta (24.48 %) (Cestoda); Gongylonema sp., (4.90 %), Syphacia muris (8.39 %), Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (18.88 %), Eucoleus gastricus (30.07 %), Mastophorus muris (30.77 %), Capillaria hepatica (54.55 %), Heterakis spumosa (82.52 %) (Nematoda) and one acanthocephalan (0.70 %). The species found in males were also present in females, with the exception of the acanthocephalan. No significant differences were found between males and females in prevalence (P%) or mean infection intensity (MI). However, a significant correlation between both P% and MI, as well as host age, was observed in some helminth species. Hosts were infected by one to six helminth species (median = 3). This is the first report from Sicily of helminths in R. norvegicus.

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21

SMALES, LESLEY R. "Helminths of the Hydromyini (Muridae: Hydromyinae) from Papua New Guinea with the description of a new species of Labiobulura (Nematoda: Ascaridida)." Zootaxa 1332, no. 1 (October 12, 2006): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1332.1.4.

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From a survey of helminths of the alimentary tracts of 26 hydromyins; 11 Leptomys, 1 Mayermys, 3 Neohydromys, 9 Paraleptomys, and 2 Parahydromys from Papua New Guinea an acanthocephalan, Porrorchis hydromuris; a cestode, Mathevotaenia sp.; the trematodes, Brachylaima sp., and a psilostome; and the nematodes, Heterakis fieldingi, Odilia mackerrasae, O, emanuelae, Protospirura kaindiensis, Rictularia mackerrasae, and Capillaria sp. s.l., as well as encapsulated larval ascaridids were found. All represent new host records. Labiobulura leptomyidis n. sp. (Subuluridae), differs from its congener in having longer spicules, no spines on the chordal lobes of the buccal cavity and it is described from Leptomys spp. Spirurida or Ascaridida were the dominant taxa in each helminth assemblage, with dietary preferences being a determinant. Either coevolution and or host switching, sometimes associated with migration between Australia and Papua New Guinea, also appear to have influenced the development of the helminth assemblage in each host taxon.

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22

Montgomery, S. S. J., and W. I. Montgomery. "Cyclic and non-cyclic dynamics in populations of the helminth parasites of wood mice, Apodemus sylvaticus." Journal of Helminthology 62, no. 1 (March 1988): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00011263.

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ABSTRACTTwo populations of Apodemus sylvaticus, one in deciduous woodland and another in coniferous forest in Co. Down, Northern Ireland, were trapped at monthly intervals over 33 months. The dynamics, reproduction and age structure of the mouse populations differed between years with over a 40 fold range of population size. Nine species of helminths were recovered from the alimentary tract and associated organs of the mice. The prevalence and mean worm burden of the cestodes, Catenotaenia lobata, Hymenolepis hibernia and Taenia taeniaeformis varied erratically. The trematodes, Corrigia vitta and to a lesser degree Brachylaima recurva, had seasonal changes in abundance. The nematodes Capillaria murissylvatici and Nematospiroides dubius had strongly seasonal cycles of abundance associated with the onset of host reproduction. Trichuris muris was the rarest helminth. Despite protracted periods of absence this species maintained a seasonal increase in mean worm burden in late winter. The nematode, Syphacia stroma, had a weakly seasonal pattern of dynamics. The bases of these cyclical and non-cyclical dynamics of the helminths of A. sylvaticus are discussed.

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23

Gracenea, Mercedes, and Olga Gonzalez-Moreno. "Life Cycle of Brachylaima mascomai n. sp. (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae), a Parasite of Rats in the Llobregat Delta (Spain)." Journal of Parasitology 88, no. 1 (February 2002): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3285403.

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24

Gracenea, Mercedes, and Olga González-Moreno. "LIFE CYCLE OF BRACHYLAIMA MASCOMAI N. SP. (TREMATODA: BRACHYLAIMIDAE), A PARASITE OF RATS IN THE LLOBREGAT DELTA (SPAIN)." Journal of Parasitology 88, no. 1 (February 2002): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[0124:lcobmn]2.0.co;2.

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25

Żbikowska, Elżbieta, Anna Marszewska, Anna Cichy, Julita Templin, Anna Smorąg, and Tomasz Strzała. "Cepaea spp. as a source of Brachylaima mesostoma (Digenea: Brachylaimidae) and Brachylecithum sp. (Digenea: Dicrocoeliidae) larvae in Poland." Parasitology Research 119, no. 1 (November 25, 2019): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-019-06516-2.

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AbstractParasite diagnostics were carried out on 11 Polish populations of Cepaea spp. In three of them, coming from the roadside ditches of a village (Rytel, northern Poland), very high (up to 60%) prevalence of Brachylaima mesostoma was observed. This study provides the first molecular evidence of the presence of B. mesostoma inside Cepaea spp. in Europe. In a few snails from a population found in a private garden in a small town (Chełmża, northern Poland), larvae of Brachylecithum sp. were present. Cercariae and/or metacercariae of B. mesostoma were observed in both species of Cepaea: C. hortensis and C. nemoralis, whereas larvae of Brachylecithum sp. were found only in C. nemoralis. Both species of parasites inhabited snail hepatopancreas whose structure was significantly damaged by larvae. There was no significant connection between parasite invasion and snail host morphotype. The research did not allow the reasons for the high prevalence of B. mesostoma in Cepaea spp. to be explained, and also did not explicitly indicate how the parasite invaded Cepaea spp. individuals making them, at the same time a second intermediate host. However, it poses important questions about the life cycle of the parasite that may threaten extensively kept small-size farms of poultry.

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26

ISMAIL, Fatma Mohamed Abdualrazig Khalifa, and Gözde GÜRELLİ. "Natural infection of the land snails Xerolenta obvia, Zebrina detrita, andMonacha samsunensis by Brachylaima sp. metacercariae in Kastamonu, Turkey." TURKISH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 42 (2018): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1705-61.

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SATO, Hiroshi, Yasushi IHAMA, Takashi INABA, Makoto YAGISAWA, and Haruo KAMIYA. "Helminth Fauna of Carnivores distributed in North-Western Tohoku, Japan, with Special Reference to Mesocestoides paucitesticulus and Brachylaima tokudai." Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 61, no. 12 (1999): 1339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.61.1339.

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Butcher, A. R., and D. I. Grove. "Seasonal variation in rates of sporocyst and metacercarial infection by Brachylaima cribbi in helicid and hygromiid land snails on the Yorke Peninsula, South Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 53, no. 6 (2005): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo05054.

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Brachylaima cribbi is a terrestrial trematode parasite of humans and other mammals, birds and reptiles, with helicid and hygromiid summer-aestivating land snails acting as first and second intermediate hosts. Beginning in April, seasonal variations in rates of sporocyst and metacercarial infection by B. cribbi were studied in Cochlicella acuta, Cernuella virgata and Theba pisana over 1 year at four ecologically diverse sites on the Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. The overall mean sporocyst prevalence rate in April was 2.7%. Sporocyst prevalences peaked during spring (10–78% for C. acuta, 12–44% for C. virgata and 10–18% for T. pisana). Metacercarial infection rates varied markedly from 10% to 98% at the start of the study. Overall metacercarial infection rates peaked with winter rains for T. pisana (average 50% infected) and in spring for C. acuta and C. virgata (average 80% infected) then declined in summer for all species. The average numbers of metacercariae per infected snail over the study period were 5.4 for C. virgata, 3.9 for C. acuta and 2.2 for T. pisana, with maximum numbers in winter or spring. Conditions on the Yorke Peninsula favour hyperinfection with this parasite.

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Marques, Juçara de Souza, Bárbara Marum Rocha, Pedro Paulo de Abreu Manso, and Sthefane D'Ávila. "New insights on the morphology of a digenean parasite (Digenea: Brachylaimidae,Brachylaima mazzantii(Travassos, 1927)) using confocal laser scanning microscopy." Zoosystema 39, no. 4 (December 2017): 449–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2017n4a1.

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Wheeler, Terry A., Mere Roberts, Mary Beverley-Burton, and D. G. Sutton. "Brachylaima apoplania n. sp. (Digenea: Brachylaimidae) from the Polynesian Rat, Rattus exulans (Rodentia: Muridae), in New Zealand: Origins and Zoogeography." Journal of Parasitology 75, no. 5 (October 1989): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3283049.

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Segade, P., C. Crespo, N. García, J. M. García-Estévez, C. Arias, and R. Iglesias. "Brachylaima aspersae n. sp. (Digenea: Brachylaimidae) infecting farmed snails in NW Spain: Morphology, life cycle, pathology, and implications for heliciculture." Veterinary Parasitology 175, no. 3-4 (February 2011): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.10.026.

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32

Taroda, Alessandra, Luiz Daniel de Barros, Dauton Luiz Zulpo, Ivo Alexandre Leme da Cunha, Milaine Cristiane Dantas Custódio Paiva, Ana Sue Sammi, Joeleni Rosa dos Santos, Milton Hissashi Yamamura, Odilon Vidotto, and João Luis Garcia. "Occurrence of gastrointestinal and renal helminths inZenaida auriculata (Des Murs, 1847) trap-captured from Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 22, no. 3 (September 2013): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612013000300016.

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This study aimed to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal and renal helminths from naturally infected Zenaida auriculatacaptured in Londrina, Paraná State. Two hundred and one Eared doves were trapped and the gastrointestinal and renal helminths were collected and identified according to morphological structures. One hundred and sixteen (57.71%) doves were parasitized by helminths with specific prevalences forOrnithostrongylus quadriradiatus in 50 doves (24.88%),Ascaridia columbae in 47 (23.38%), Paratanaisia bragai and P. confusa in 34 (16.92%),Tetrameres fissispina in 17 (8.46%), Synhimantus nasuta in 14 (6.47%), Brachylaima mazzantii in 4 (1.99%) and Raillietina allomyodes in 2 doves (1.00%). Seventy four/201 (37.00%) birds were infected with only one species, and 96/201 (48.00%) pigeons were infected with nematodes. The association between different classes of helminths occurred in 40/201 (20.00%) animals. The results showed statistically differences between the presence of nematode (p = 0.00001) and trematode species (p ≤ 0.05) in the doves, and there was an association between the local of capture and the presence of trematodes and A. columbae (p ≤ 0.05). This study is the first to report the infection of Z. auriculata from Brazil with O. quadriradiatus, A. columbae, T. fissispina, S. nasuta, R. allomyodes, P. bragai and P. confusa.

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SEGADE, P., J. GARCÍA-ESTÉVEZ, C. ARIAS, and R. IGLESIAS. "Parasitic infections in mixed system-based heliciculture farms: dynamics and key epidemiological factors." Parasitology 140, no. 4 (January 2, 2013): 482–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182012001795.

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SUMMARYHeliciculture is an excellent alternative to obtain edible snails but its viability is seriously threatened by pathogens. A parasitological survey was conducted in 3 mixed system-based heliciculture farms in Galicia (NW Spain), with the species Tetrahymena rostrata, Tetrahymena limacis, Tetratrichomonas limacis, Cryptobia helicogenae, Brachylaima aspersae (metacercariae and sporocysts), Alloionema appendiculatum, Nemhelix bakeri, and Riccardoella limacum being commonly found infecting Helix aspersa aspersa (petit-gris) snails. With the exception of C. helicogenae, N. bakeri, and B. aspersae sporocysts, all species were also detected in Helix aspersa maxima (gros-gris) snails, although generally with lower parameters. Most monoxenous infections, and consequently multiple parasitism, exhibited a rising trend during the first 2 months of intensive mating, with tendencies being slowed down or even reversed during the third month as a result of accumulated mortality and a sampling-derived reduction in host density. No parasites were vertically transmitted and infections were initially acquired from invading gastropod and micromammal reservoirs during fattening. Finally, artificial hibernation reduced significantly the prevalence of most species. These results confirm the importance of parasites in heliciculture and emphasize the need to prevent the entry of wild reservoirs into the farms and to rapidly remove the carcasses of dead snails from the reproduction units and fattening pens.

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Gállego, Laia, and Mercedes Gracenea. "Praziquantel efficacy against Brachylaima sp. metacercariae (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae) parasitizing the edible landsnail Cornu aspersum and its HPLC-MS/MS residue determination." Experimental Parasitology 157 (October 2015): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2015.06.013.

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35

Butcher, A. R., and D. I. Grove. "Description of the life-cycle stages of Brachylaima cribbi n. sp. (Digenea: Brachylaimidae) derived from eggs recovered from human faeces in Australia." Systematic Parasitology 49, no. 3 (July 2001): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1010616920412.

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36

Butcher, Andrew R., Paramaswaami Parasuramar, Cherie S. Thompson, and David I. Grove. "First report of the isolation of an adult worm of the genus Brachylaima (Digenea: Brachylaimidae), from the gastrointestinal tract of a human." International Journal for Parasitology 28, no. 4 (April 1998): 607–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(97)84372-x.

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37

Cribb, T. H. "The brachylaimidae (Trematoda: Digenea) of Australian native mammals and birds, including descriptions of Dasyurotrema n. g. and four new species of Brachylaima." Systematic Parasitology 22, no. 1 (May 1992): 45–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00009636.

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38

Rząd, Izabella, Agata Stapf, Sławomir Adam Kornaś, Ewa Dzika, Rusłan Sałamatin, Adam Kaczmarek, Jerzy Kowal, Marek Wajdzik, and Kazimierz Zalewski. "Intestinal Helminth Communities of Grey Partridge Perdix perdix and Common Pheasant Phasianus colchicus in Poland." Animals 11, no. 12 (November 28, 2021): 3396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11123396.

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The aim of this study was to describe the morphology and means of identification of helminths in native partridges (65) and introduced pheasants (32) in Poland and to determine the level of intestinal infection of these birds by helminths using parasitological and ecological indices. The birds were acquired during the hunting season in the years 2015–2017. Nematodes, Capillaria phasianina, cestodes, Railietina friedbergeri, and one trematode, Brachylaima sp. were recorded for the first time in partridges in Poland. Our findings indicate that parasites are more prevalent in pheasants (prevalence 70.4%) than in partridges (prevalence 50.0%). The component community and infracommunity of parasites of partridges are more diverse (Simpson’s diversity index: 0.63 and mean Brillouin diversity index: 0.10 ± 0.17) and less dominated by a single parasite species (Capillaria sp., Berger-Parker dominance index: 0.53) than the pheasant parasite community (Simpson’s diversity index: 0.07, mean Brillouin diversity index: 0.005 ± 0.02, dominant species Heterakis gallinarum, Berger-Parker dominance index: 0.96). There were statistically significant differences between partridges and pheasants in the Brillouin diversity index and in the prevalence of Heterakis gallinarum (55.6% in pheasants vs. 19.0 in partridges). There were significant differences between wild and farmed partridges in the prevalence of infection by Capillaria sp. (4.3% vs. 37.5%) and H. gallinarum (39.1 vs. 6.2%). In conclusion, the pheasant was shown to be a reservoir, carrier, and shedder of nematodes, which may increase the risk of infection in partridges.

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Nakao, Minoru, Mizuki Sasaki, Tsukasa Waki, Jason L. Anders, and Hirotaka Katahira. "Brachylaima asakawai sp. nov. (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae), a rodent intestinal fluke in Hokkaido, Japan, with a finding of the first and second intermediate hosts." Parasitology International 67, no. 5 (October 2018): 565–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2018.04.010.

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40

Köse, Mustafa, Mustafa Eser, Kürşat Kartal, and Mehmet Fatih Bozkurt. "Infections of Larval Stages of Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Brachylaima sp. in Brown Garden Snail, Helix aspersa, in Turkey." Korean Journal of Parasitology 53, no. 5 (October 29, 2015): 647–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.5.647.

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41

Bosch, Marc, Jordi Torres, and Jordi Figuerola. "A helminth community in breeding Yellow-legged Gulls (Larus cachinnans): pattern of association and its effect on host fitness." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 777–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-252.

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We studied the community of helminths parasitizing adult Yellow-legged Gulls (Larus cachinnans) sampled during three consecutive breeding seasons in a western Mediterranean colony. The helminth community was depauperate, probably because of the high trophic dependence of the gullery on waste food from refuse dumps. The prevalences of two helminth species varied both among years and between the sexes of gulls, while the intensity of parasitism did not vary significantly for any helminth species. No clear pattern of association between helminth species was detected, showing an unstructured helminth community in which the occurrence of any species was not restricted or favoured by the occurrence of any other species. The lack of associations might be influenced by the fact that only one core species occurred in the helminth community. Negative relationships were found between occurrence of certain helminths and body condition of hosts. Gulls infected by Tetrabothrius (Tetrabothrius) erostris were leaner than uninfected gulls; interestingly this negative relationship varied with the presence/absence of Cosmocephalus obvelatus. Moreover, body condition of gulls infected by C. obvelatus varied according to the year of sampling, while that of uninfected individuals showed no variability. High intensities of the parasites Eucoleus contortus and Brachylaima sp. were associated with poorer body condition of the host. In the case of E. contortus, this negative relationship with gulls' body condition was more pronounced in male than in female gulls. The results show that helminth pathogenicity can be affected by helminth community structure, environmental factors, and traits of the host.

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SULEMAN, Suleman, and Mian Sayed KHAN. "First report of the genus Brachylaima Dujardin, 1843 (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae)from the small intestine of common myna (Acridotheres tristis) of district Swabi,Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan." TURKISH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 40 (2016): 595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1510-36.

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43

Butcher, Andrew, Helen Palethorpe, and David Grove. "Effects of sex and age on the susceptibility of C57BL/6J mice to infection with Brachylaima cribbi and the course of infection in NOD SCID mice." Parasitology Research 88, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 668–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-002-0642-3.

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Costa-Neto, S. F., T. S. Cardoso, R. G. Boullosa, A. Maldonado, and R. Gentile. "Metacommunity structure of the helminths of the black-eared opossum Didelphis aurita in peri-urban, sylvatic and rural environments in south-eastern Brazil." Journal of Helminthology 93, no. 6 (September 17, 2018): 720–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x18000780.

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AbstractAmong the Brazilian marsupials, the species of the genus Didelphis are the most parasitized by helminths. This study aimed to describe the species composition and to analyse the helminth communities of the Atlantic Forest common opossum Didelphis aurita at infracommunity and component community levels using the Elements of Metacommunity Structure Analysis, considering peri-urban, sylvatic and rural environments in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Seventy-three specimens of D. aurita were captured during the study. Fourteen species of helminths were collected: nine of the phylum Nematoda (Trichuris minuta, Trichuris didelphis, Globocephalus marsupialis, Heterostrongylus heterostrongylus, Travassostrongylus orloffi, Viannaia hamata, Aspidodera raillieti, Cruzia tentaculata and Turgida turgida); four of the phylum Platyhelminthes (three species of Trematoda, Duboisiella proloba, Brachylaima advena and Rhopalias coronatus, and one species of the class Cestoda); and one species of the phylum Acanthocephala (Oligacanthorhynchus microcephalus). More than 95% of the animals were infected with parasites. The most abundant parasite species were V. hamata, T. turgida, C. tentaculata and T. orloffi. The nematodes T. turgida, C. tentaculata and A. raillieti were the most dominant species in the three environments. The analysis of the metacommunity structure indicated a structured pattern as a function of the environmental gradient, but only when all localities were considered together. At the infracommunity and component community levels, quasi-nested and nested structures with stochastic species loss were observed, respectively. The results indicate that the settlement of helminth species in the opossums can be attributed to the heterogeneity among individual hosts in relation to their exposure to parasites and to extrinsic factors, which vary among habitats, considering a regional scale. On a local scale, the characteristics of this host species may promote homogenization among individual hosts in terms of their exposure to the helminths. This study constitutes a new host record for the species G. marsupialis and T. didelphis and represents a pioneering investigation of the helminth metacommunity of a Neotropical marsupial.

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45

Vieira, Paulo C., Masaki Himejima, and Isao Kubo. "Sesquiterpenoids from Brachylaena hutchinsii." Journal of Natural Products 54, no. 2 (March 1991): 416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50074a011.

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46

Herman, P. P. J. "ASTERACEAE." Bothalia 28, no. 1 (October 2, 1998): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v28i1.613.

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Beentje, H. J. "The Genus Brachylaena (Compositae: Mutisieae)." Kew Bulletin 55, no. 1 (2000): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4117759.

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48

Cordeiro, Norbert J., and Mwangi Githiru. "Conservation evaluation for birds of Brachylaena woodland and mixed dry forest in north-east Tanzania." Bird Conservation International 10, no. 1 (March 2000): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900000058.

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Three forest and woodland sites were surveyed in the lowlands of the East Usambara mountains, Tanzania, from August to October, 1996. Bombo East I and II Proposed Forest Reserves (PFR) and Bombo West FR were previously unknown biologically. Our fieldwork revealed several records of conservation interest. Four species of global conservation concern (Amani Sunbird Anthreptes pallidigaster, Southern Banded Snake Eagle Circaetus fasciolatus, Fischer's Turaco Tauraco fischeri and Plain-backed Sunbird Anthreptes reichenowi) were recorded, with a further seven species of regional concern. These sites were not as rich in bird species as other East Usambara lowland forests. Bombo East I PFR had the highest richness, which included the presence of three montane species that were most likely cold-season visitors. The Endangered Sokoke Scops Owl Otus ireneae, otherwise known from similar woodland habitat in Kenya as well as lowland forest in the East Usambaras, was apparently absent at these sites. It is also clear from our survey that at least four threatened mammals and one possibly endemic snake inhabit the Brachylaena woodlands and mixed dry forest. Thus, our results indicate that the previously unexplored Brachylaena woodlands and mixed dry forest in north-east Tanzania are an additional habitat to some fauna of threatened status and do, therefore, merit conservation attention. The Brachylaena tree is highly favoured for charcoal production and the enormous demand for this product is increasing the degradation of these woodland patches. Larger tracts of unprotected Brachylaena woodland should receive immediate conservation attention.

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Zdero, C., and F. Bohlmann. "Sesquiterpene lactones from the Genus brachylaena." Phytochemistry 26, no. 9 (1987): 2597–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)83886-8.

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50

Mellem, J., H. Baijnath, and B. Odhav. "Antidiabetic potential of Brachylaena discolor." African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines 12, no. 1 (April 10, 2015): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v12i1.6.

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