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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "BOX-BEHNKEN DESIGNS"

Kiwu, Lawrence Chizoba, Desmond Chekwube Bartholomew, Fidelia Chinenye Kiwu-Lawrence, Chukwudi Paul Obite, and Okafor Ikechukwu Boniface. "Evaluating Percentage Rotatability For The Small Box – Behnken Design." Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Studies 2, no. 2 (August 13, 2021): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jmss.2021.2.2.3.

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Rotatability property for the Small Box-Behnken design is discussed in this paper. This paper aimed at applying a measure of obtaining percentage rotatability on the Small Box-Behnken designs to determine if the Small Box-behnken designs are rotatable or not and investigated the extent of rotatability in terms of percentage. The factors, q, considered range from 3 to 11. The results showed that for factors q, the Small Box-Behnken design is rotatable for q = 3 factors, near rotatable for q = 4, 7 factors and not rotatable for q = 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 11 factors.

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Hinkelmann, Klaus, and Jinnam Jo. "Linear trend-free Box–Behnken designs." Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 72, no. 1-2 (September 1998): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3758(98)00042-1.

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Rashid, Fareeha, Muhammad Akram, Atif Akbar, and Anum Javed. "Some new augmented fractional Box–Behnken designs." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 46, no. 4 (March 23, 2016): 2007–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2015.1032423.

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Pham, Tung-Dinh, and Nam-Ky Nguyen. "Small Box–Behnken designs with orthogonal blocks." Statistics & Probability Letters 85 (February 2014): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spl.2013.10.019.

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Draper, Norman R., Timothy P. Davis, Lourdes Pozueta, and Daniel M. Grove. "Isolation of Degrees of Freedom for Box-Behnken Designs." Technometrics 36, no. 3 (August 1994): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1269372.

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Draper, Norman R., Timothy P. Davis, Lourdes Pozueta, and Daniel M. Grove. "Isolation of Degrees of Freedom for Box—Behnken Designs." Technometrics 36, no. 3 (August 1994): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00401706.1994.10485805.

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Arshad, Hafiz Muhammad, Munir Akhtar, and Steven G. Gilmour. "Augmented Box-Behnken Designs for Fitting Third-Order Response Surfaces." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 41, no. 23 (October 10, 2012): 4225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2011.568154.

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Edwards, David J., and Robert W. Mee. "Fractional Box–Behnken Designs for One-Step Response Surface Methodology." Journal of Quality Technology 43, no. 4 (October 2011): 288–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224065.2011.11917866.

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Ebrahimi-Najafabadi, Heshmatollah, Riccardo Leardi, and Mehdi Jalali-Heravi. "Experimental Design in Analytical Chemistry—Part I: Theory." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 97, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.sgeebrahimi1.

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Abstract This paper reviews the main concepts of experimental design applicable to the optimization of analytical chemistry techniques. The critical steps and tools for screening, including Plackett-Burman, factorial and fractional factorial designs, and response surface methodology such as central composite, Box-Behnken, and Doehlert designs, are discussed. Some useful routines are also presented for performing the procedures.

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Habrat, Witold, Marcin Żółkoś, Janusz Świder, and Elżbieta Socha. "Forces modeling in a surface peripheral grinding process with the use of various design of experiment (DoE)." Mechanik 91, no. 10 (October 8, 2018): 929–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2018.10.165.

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The paper presents forces modeling with the use of DoE models, such as (Box-Wilson) central composite design in face centered variant (CCF) and Box-Behnken design in a surface peripheral grinding process of 100Cr6 steel with M3X60K5VE01-35 grinding wheel. Experiment design and result analysis were done with the use of Design-Expert software. Force models, obtained with application of selected designs of experiment, were compared on the basis of the coefficient of determination, and values of residual standard deviation.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "BOX-BEHNKEN DESIGNS"

Jo, Jinnam. "Construction and properties of Box-Behnken designs." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37247.

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Box-Behnken designs are used to estimate parameters in a second-order response surface model (Box and Behnken, 1960). These designs are formed by combining ideas from incomplete block designs (BIBD or PBIBD) and factorial experiments, specifically 2^k full or 2^k-1 fractional factorials. In this dissertation, a more general mathematical formulation of the Box-Behnken method is provided, a general expression for the coefficient matrix in the least squares analysis for estimating the parameters in the second order model is derived, and the properties of Box-Behnken designs with respect to the estimability of all parameters in a second-order model are investigated when 2^kfull factorials are used. The results show that for all pure quadratic coefficients to be estimable, the PBIB(m) design has to be chosen such that its incidence matrix is of full rank, and for all mixed quadratic coefficients to be estimable the PBIB(m) design has to be chosen such that the parameters λ₁, λ₂, ...,λ_m are all greater than zero. In order to reduce the number of experimental points the use of 2^k-1 fractional factorials instead of 2^k full factorials is being considered. Of particular interest and importance are separate considerations of fractions of resolutions III, IV, and V. The construction of Box-Behnken designs using such fractions is described and the properties of the designs concerning estimability of regression coefficients are investigated. Using designs obtained from resolution V factorials have the same properties as those using full factorials. Resolutions III and IV designs may lead to non-estimability of certain coefficients and to correlated estimators. The final topic is concerned with Box-Behnken designs in which treatments are applied to experimental units sequentially in time or space and in which there may exist a linear trend effect. For this situation, one wants to find appropriate run orders for obtaining a linear trend-free Box-Behnken design to remove a linear trend effect so that a simple technique, analysis of variance, instead of a more complicated technique, analysis of covariance, to remove a linear trend effect can be used. Construction methods for linear trend-free Box-Behnken designs are introduced for different values of block size (for the underlying PBIB design) k. For k= 2 or 3, it may not always be possible to find linear trend-free Box-Behnken designs. However, for k ≥ 4 linear trend-free Box-Behnken designs can always be constructed.
Ph. D.

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SHARMA, ANUJ. "DEVELOPMENT, CHARACTERIZATION AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE ROTOR." Thesis, DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18893.

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Industrial development is one of the pioneer enablers of the economic and social prosperity of any nation. High efficiency, low cost and reliable system are the most critical factors that are focussed by industries. New developments in this direction are observed in the past few decades. Researchers thrive for new inventions and technologies by which high-quality output can be attained with effective and robust systems. Materials play an essential role in achieving high efficiency by providing an outcome-based response to any process. With the advent of composite materials, industries have started focusing on using lighter weight materials with the same mechanical properties. Metal matrix composites have the edge over the parent metals for rotor applications as it has a higher specific modulus and specific modulus is the critical material factor for vibration responses. Aluminium /alumina MMCs have shown prominent growth in the composite material market because of their compatibility with the rotor systems. Several types of research are available for the development of aluminium based metal matrix composites for industrial applications. The main focus of this research is to propose a method of development of metal matrix composite for specific rotary applications. This work focuses on the development, characterization and dynamic analysis of the metal matrix rotor. The rotors are developed through a cost-effective, flexible, and readily available method called the stir casting process. The physical properties of the composites depend primarily on the homogeneity and the fraction of reinforcement in the matrix. The uniformity and the concentration have been enhanced by optimizing process parameters in various researches. However, these vii researches are based on the qualitative analysis (visual observation) of the microstructure of composites. These qualitative methods do not assist in providing numerical and objective-oriented results. Therefore, these methods lack a objective judgment that is crucial for comparing the dispersion of reinforcements consistently. Therefore, quantitative measurement of dispersion is essential for optimizing the process parameters in order to attain better results. There are several techniques for the quantitative measurement of particle dispersion in the matrix. The mean free path has been calculated by dividing micrograph images into multiple grid lines and was utilized for quantifying particle dispersions. The quantitative distribution index and area fraction may be beneficial in optimizing the process parameters and providing more authentic and reliable results than the qualitative analysis. There are various methods used for parametric optimization having multivariant parameters. Box- Behnken designs (BBD) are rotatable or nearly rotatable second-order designs based on three-level incomplete factorial designs. BBD is one of the main types of response surface design, the other being central composite design. The BBD design requires a smaller number of runs as compared to the central composite design. The Box-Behnken design operates within the range of parameters and does not generate experimentation points beyond the range of parameters like the central composite design. BBD is suitable for designs where the range of operations are constrained by manufacturing conditions. In this work, a novel technique has been adopted where newly developed quantitatively assessed responses are used for process optimization instead of conventional qualitative analysis and thus, it provides a profound methodology for optimization of process parameters. viii A novel characterization approach has been adopted in this work, which determines the effect of reinforcements on the dynamic properties and residual stress of the Al 6061/Al2O3 shafts. Long and slender shafts were fabricated through a stir casting process. Grain structure has been obtained through optical microscopy, and morphological evaluation of the composites was performed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In addition to that, an X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) were analyzed, and residual stress was calculated by X-ray residual stress measurement system μ-X360 Ver. 2. 3. 0. 1. Tensile strength and microhardness were also determined in this analysis for various compositions of the composite material. For composite materials, the system response changes abruptly with a change in the properties of the material. Therefore, attaining significant knowledge about the effect of material composition on material properties is crucial. The researchers are looking for new computational methods which can predict these alterations so that the effort in experimental testing can be reduced. In this direction, this paper presents a robust and novel methodology of validating the estimation of the composite's effective properties through a multi-scale approach by a set of standardized experimentation. These effective properties are estimated through the mean-field homogenization technique, whose parameters are driven from the image analysis of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images. The predicted results are validated with the results obtained by the experimentation as per ASTM E1876 standard. This research work has adopted a novel approach of providing a dedicated methodology for determining the calibrated internal damping factor for bond graph dynamic analysis, which has been used in various literature for transient and stable ix responses. The investigation has been performed on long and slender shafts of the metal matrix composites. An insight into the change in dynamic response with the difference in the composition of composite shafts is provided in this work. Many valuable insights and findings were obtained in this work related to the development and response of different compositions of metal matrix composite shafts. The optimization of the stir casting parameters using a quantitative distribution index and area fraction resulted in uniformly distributed composite shafts. The mechanical properties such as tensile strength, microhardness, specific modulus increased with the addition of reinforcement in the composite up to a particular limit. Above that limit, the agglomeration and porosity become prominent factors and further depletes the properties of a composite. The natural frequency of the composite shaft increased, and the amplitude of vibration was reduced for the composites with a high volume fraction of reinforcements. The values of Young's modulus of different compositions determined through computation were congruent with the experimental results. The dynamic response was simulated using bond graph analysis, and it was observed that the amplitude of orbits was also reduced for the composites with a high volume fraction of reinforcements.

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Albuquerque, Ingredy Meneses Cavalcanti de. "Otimização da síntese de biodiesel de óleo de sementes de graviola." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2349.

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Biodiesel is a fuel derived from biomass sources, among them vegetable oils from agroindustrial activities. As a promising fruit for use as bioenergy matrix in the biodiesel synthesis highlights the soursop (Annona muricata L.) due to its potential productivity in semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil, which is favored by its edaphoclimatic conditions. Thus, the aim of this work was to optimize the reaction conditions for transesterification via ethanolysis for biodiesel production from soursop seed oil. It was first performed an exploratory study using Plackett-Burman design with the following variables: reaction time, oil/alcohol molar ratio, catalyst concentration, and temperature. It was identified as statistically significant variables catalyst concentration, temperature and oil/alcohol molar ratio, which were employed in a Rotatable Central Composite Design. However, the model used to describe this process exhibited lack of fit. This drawback was overcome with the implementation of a BoxBehnken Design, whose greatest mass yield of 94.99% was obtained using 1.25% of catalyst concentration, temperature of 50 °C and oil/alcohol molar ratio of 1:10. The built model was used to establish an optimal experiment, at a 95% confidence level, with a 95.51% determination coefficient for the following experimental conditions: catalyst concentration of 1.18%, temperature of 52.20 °C, and oil/alcohol molar ratio of 1:8.39. Finally, the physical and chemical analysis showed the conditions for obtaining biodiesel from soursop seed oil as a promising alternative to its mixture with petroleum diesel.
O biodiesel é um combustível derivado de fontes de biomassa, dentre elas óleos vegetais provenientes de atividades agroindustriais. Dentre as promissoras fruteiras a serem utilizadas como matriz bioenergética na síntese do biodiesel destaca-se a graviola (Annona muricata L.), devido ao seu potencial produtivo no semiárido nordestino favorecido pelas características edafoclimáticas da região. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho otimizar as condições reacionais por transesterificação via rota etílica para produção de biodiesel do óleo de sementes de graviola. Inicialmente foi realizado um estudo exploratório utilizando planejamento Plackett-Burman com as variáveis: tempo reacional; razão molar óleo/álcool; porcentagem do catalisador; e temperatura. Foram identificadas como variáveis estatisticamente significativas porcentagem de catalisador, temperatura e razão molar óleo/álcool, as quais foram empregadas em um Planejamento Composto Central Rotacional. Todavia, o modelo utilizado para descrever o processo apresentou falta de ajuste. Este inconveniente foi superado com a execução do planejamento Box Behnken, cujo maior rendimento mássico de 94,99% foi obtido usando porcentagem de catalisador de 1,25%, temperatura de 50 ºC e razão molar óleo/álcool de 1:10. Com o modelo construído foi possível estabelecer como ótimo experimental, a um nível de confiança de 95%, com coeficiente de determinação de 95,51% para as seguintes condições experimentais: porcentagem de catalisador de 1,18%, temperatura de 52,20 ºC e razão molar óleo/álcool de 1:8,39. Por fim, as análises físicas e químicas apontaram para condições de obtenção do biodiesel de graviola como uma alternativa promissora para mistura em diesel de petróleo.

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Rivola, Maria. "Messa a punto delle condizioni ottime di infusione di foglie di Ilex guayusa mediante disegno sperimentale Box-Behnken." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17078/.

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Ilex guayusa, a tree native from the Amazon Rainforest, represents an important part of the culinary traditions and folk medicine of the indigenous tribes. In fact, infusions of different parts of the tree have been used as natural remedies. Particularly, the infusion obtained by the dry leaves of guayusa is a source of phenolic compounds, which are considered as antioxidant substances and have been associated with numerous benefits for human health. Currently, the growing interest of consumers towards healthy food and drinks has led to the rapid spread of this drink. However, the scientific literature about the content of polar compounds in infusion of guayusa leaves is scarce. Therefore, the aims of the present work were to enhance the extraction conditions of phenolic compounds from guayusa leaves by infusion and to characterize them via HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS. To reach these objectives, a Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to test the effect of different extraction conditions (time 2, 8 and 14 min), temperature (25, 62.5 and 100 °C) and solid ratio (0.25, 0.375 and 0.50 g) on the sum of phenolic content. On the one hand, the optimal conditions were 1 min infusion, 100 °C and 0.370 g of dry leaves. On the other hand, the 99% of the nine phenolic compounds identified were phenolic acids derivatives from hydroxycinnamic acid and the 1% belonged to the flavonoid family. The major compound was dicaffeoylquinic acid (68%). The difference between the results obtained and those of other researches is probably due to the stochastic nature of the vegetable matrix samples, since their chemical composition is susceptible to multiple factors. To sum up, the use of experimental design provided greater quantity of phenolic compounds than other extraction techniques such as blanching, or only to the oxidation process. Besides, the high resolution of the TOF spectrometer allowed the characterization of new isomers of the compounds previously described.

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Silva, Wanessa Paulino Neves. "Estudo dos par?metros de extra??o de fenol de efluentes aquosos por um tensoativo n?o i?nico." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15829.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Environmental sustainability has become one of the topics of greatest interest in industry, mainly due to effluent generation. Phenols are found in many industries effluents, these industries might be refineries, coal processing, pharmaceutical, plastics, paints and paper and pulp industries. Because phenolic compounds are toxic to humans and aquatic organisms, Federal Resolution CONAMA No. 430 of 13.05.2011 limits the maximum content of phenols, in 0.5 mg.L-1, for release in freshwater bodies. In the effluents treatment, the liquid-liquid extraction process is the most economical for the phenol recovery, because consumes little energy, but in most cases implements an organic solvent, and the use of it can cause some environmental problems due to the high toxicity of this compound. Because of this, exists a need for new methodologies, which aims to replace these solvents for biodegradable ones. Some literature studies demonstrate the feasibility of phenolic compounds removing from aqueous effluents, by biodegradable solvents. In this extraction kind called "Cloud Point Extraction" is used a nonionic surfactant as extracting agent of phenolic compounds. In order to optimize the phenol extraction process, this paper studies the mathematical modeling and optimization of extraction parameters and investigates the effect of the independent variables in the process. A 32 full factorial design has been done with operating temperature and surfactant concentration as independent variables and, parameters extraction: Volumetric fraction of coacervate phase, surfactant and residual concentration of phenol in dilute phase after separation phase and phenol extraction efficiency, as dependent variables. To achieve the objectives presented before, the work was carried out in five steps: (i) selection of some literature data, (ii) use of Box-Behnken model to find out mathematical models that describes the process of phenol extraction, (iii) Data analysis were performed using STATISTICA 7.0 and the analysis of variance was used to assess the model significance and prediction (iv) models optimization using the response surface method (v) Mathematical models validation using additional measures, from samples different from the ones used to construct the model. The results showed that the mathematical models found are able to calculate the effect of the surfactant concentration and the operating temperature in each extraction parameter studied, respecting the boundaries used. The models optimization allowed the achievement of consistent and applicable results in a simple and quick way leading to high efficiency in process operation.
A sustentabilidade ambiental tem se tornado um dos temas de maior interesse nas ind?strias, principalmente devido ? gera??o de efluentes. Os fen?is s?o encontrados em efluentes de v?rias ind?strias, como em refinarias, processamento de carv?o, ind?strias farmac?uticas, de pl?sticos, de tintas e de papel e celulose. Devido os compostos fen?licos serem compostos t?xicos ao ser humano e tamb?m a organismos aqu?ticos, a Resolu??o Federal CONAMA n? 430, de 13/5/2011 limita o teor m?ximo de fen?is, para lan?amento em corpos de ?gua doce, em 0,5 mg.L-1. No processo de tratamento desses efluentes, o processo de extra??o l?quido-l?quido ? o processo mais econ?mico para a recupera??o do fenol, pois consome pouca energia, mas, na maioria das vezes, implementa um solvente org?nico, sendo que o uso deste pode acarretar certos problemas ambientais, decorrentes da alta toxicidade que ele apresenta. Devido a isto, existe a necessidade de desenvolver novas metodologias, as quais visem a substitui??o destes solventes por compostos biodegrad?veis. Alguns trabalhos da literatura comprovam a viabilidade da remo??o de compostos fen?licos de efluentes aquosos, atrav?s de solvente biodegrad?vel. Nesse tipo de extra??o denominada Extra??o Ponto Nuvem ? utilizado um tensoativo n?o i?nico como agente extrator dos compostos fen?licos. Visando otimizar o processo de extra??o de fenol, o presente trabalho aborda a modelagem matem?tica e otimiza??o dos par?metros da extra??o e investiga o efeito das vari?veis independentes no processo. Foi empregando um delineamento fatorial 32 completo que teve como vari?veis independentes a temperatura de opera??o e a concentra??o de tensoativo e, como vari?veis dependentes, os par?metros de extra??o: Fra??o volum?trica da fase coacervato, concentra??o residual de tensoativo e de fenol na fase dilu?da ap?s a separa??o de fases e efici?ncia de extra??o do fenol. Para se alcan?ar os objetivos, o trabalho foi realizado em cinco etapas: (i) sele??o de alguns dados da literatura; (ii)aplica??o do modelo Box-Behnken para encontrar modelos matem?ticos que descrevem o processo de extra??o de fenol; (iii) C?lculo da ANOVA com aux?lio do programa STATISTICA 7.0 para avaliar a signific?ncia e predi??o dos modelos; (iv) Otimiza??o dos modelos atrav?s de superf?cies de respostas; (v) Valida??o dos modelos matem?ticos a partir da tomada de medidas adicionais, com amostras diferentes das utilizadas na obten??o dos modelos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os modelos matem?ticos encontrados s?o capazes de calcular o efeito da concentra??o do tensoativo e da temperatura de opera??o em cada par?metro de extra??o estudado, respeitando as faixas trabalhadas. A otimiza??o dos modelos obtidos permitiu de forma simples e r?pida resultados coerentes e aplic?veis na opera??o para se alcan?ar resultados elevados de efici?ncia

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Maia, Catarina Isabel Ganhoteiro. "Processamento de agrião para recuperação de compostos bioactivos com aplicação na indústria dos nutracêuticos." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8283.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
The consumption of vegetables is widely recognized to be beneficial to human health and this is mainly attributed to their high content in functional constituents. The aim of this work was to develop a green extractin process of watercress for the recovery of bioactive compounds with application in the nutraceutical industry. Initially the matrix was characterized with respect to its content of polyphenols, terpenes and carotenoids. A Design of Experiments (DOE) was used to plan the extractions using two solutions water: co-solvent GRAS (water:ethanol and water:propylene glycol,) varying the extraction temperature, the ratio matrix:solvente and ratio water:cosolvent, in order to improve their content of polyphenols, carotenoids, and terpenes (spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods), their antioxidant activity and their cosmeceutical potential. The most promising extract, considering the content of polyphenols and the antioxidant activity, was PG 13. Regarding the cosmeceutical potential, TT / EtOH5 have proved to be more auspicious for antipigmentation activity and H2O7 proved to be more favorable on anti-wrinkle assay. Watercress reveled to be a promising natural source of numerous phytochemicals, namely polyphenols, terpenes, isothiocyanates and fatty acids, rich in antioxidant activity, advantageous for the development of functional products and with potential to be included in cosmeceuticals

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Coutinho, Pedro Lino Jone. "Avaliação da remoção de Al3+ em meio aquoso por adsorção em casca de arroz in natura e cascas modificadas quimicamente." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/372.

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Atualmente, um dos mais graves problemas relacionado com a poluição ambiental é a contaminação da água, principalmente, devido ao descarte inadequado de resíduos industriais e agrícolas. Deste modo, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a remoção de Al3+ em meio aquoso por adsorção em casca de arroz in natura e cascas de arroz modificadas quimicamente. Para tal foram realizados experimentos em escala laboratorial e em batelada verificando-se a remoção da concentração de alumínio quando em contato com o biossorvente até atingir-se o tempo de equilíbrio. Foram utilizados três tipos de biosorventes: casca de arroz in natura (CN) e cascas modificadas quimicamente com solução ácida (CTA) e solução básica (CTB), a fim de avaliar qual delas proporciona a melhor adsorção do alumínio solúvel. Foram realizados três planejamentos estatísticos de experimento fatoriais 33 Box-Behnken para a otimização das condições de modo a encontrar a melhor resposta para a adsorção do alumínio em sistema de batelada. As condições ótimas encontradas através do planejamento para CTB, que teve melhor resposta de adsorção do metal, com uma recuperação de 97,60 % foram: (X1) massa 0,1500 g; (X2) volume 7,5 mL e (X3) tempo de contato solução de alumínio e o biossorvente de 5 horas. Durante a execução do planejamento de experimento fatorial 33 Box-Behken foi mantido em comum o pH 5,0 e a concentração do Al3+ em 30,0 mg L-1. A técnica analítica utilizada para quantificação do metal na solução após a adsorção foi à espectrometria de absorção atômica com chama (F AAS). Encontradas as condições ótimas prosseguiu-se com os demais estudos, a exemplo do estudo de efeito de pH considerando a faixa de 4,0 a 6,0 e estudos de isotermas de adsorção adotando os modelos de Langmuir e Freundlich. O melhor pH para adsorção do Al3+ foi 5,0 sendo que acima deste valor ocorrem perdas por precipitação em forma de hidróxido. Essas perdas devem ser levadas em consideração durante os cálculos após a sua adsorção. O modelo de Langmuir, foi o que teve valores de coeficientes de determinação (R2) altos e relativamente próximo de 1, apresentando desse modo o devido ajuste das isotermas linearizadas, comparativamente ao modelo de Freundlich que apresentou coeficientes de determinação inferiores. Desse modo o biossorvente usado neste trabalho mostrou-se eficiente na remoção do alumínio, tanto na forma modificada CTB assim como na forma CN, em detrimento da forma modificada CTA que apresentou sempre baixas capacidades adsortivas de Al3+, nas condições estabelecidas e consideradas ótimas neste trabalho.
Nowadays, one of the most serious problems related to environmental pollution is the contamination of water, mainly, through improper discard of industrial and agricultural waste. Thus, the main objective of the present study is to evaluate the removal of Al3+ in aqueous environment by adsorption on raw rice husk and chemically modified rice husks. For this purpose experiments were performed on a laboratory scale batch and was seen that actually occur a removing of aluminum concentration when it is in contact with the biosorbent until to be achieved an balance adsorption time. Three types of biosorbents were used: raw rice husk (R-RH), and chemically modified rice husk with an acid (CM-RHA) and basic solution (CM-RHB) in order to evaluate which one has the best adsorption of soluble aluminum. Three statistical 33 Box-Behnken experiment designs were performed to optimize the conditions in order to find the best answer for aluminum adsorption in batch system. The optimum conditions found for CM-RHB, which had better metal adsorption response, with a recovery about 97.60% were: (X1) mass 0.1500 g; (X2) volume 7.5 mL and (X3) contact time between the aluminum solution and biosorbent which is about 5 hours. During the execution of factorial experiment design 33 Box-Behnken was kept in common, the value of pH (pH ~ 5) and the concentration of Al3+ 30,0 mg L-1. The flame atomic absorption spectrometric (F AAS), was used to quantify the metal in solution after its adsorption. Found the optimal conditions, were carried on other studies, such as the study of effect pH where was considered the range of 4,0 to 6,0 as well the study of adsorption isotherms adopting the models of Langmuir and Freundlich. The best pH for adsorption of Al3+ was 5,0 and above this value there are losses by precipitation in form of hydroxide. These losses should be taken into account during the calculations after its adsorption. The Langmuir model was the one which showed high determination coefficient values (R2) and relatively close to 1, thereby presenting the best fit of the linearized isotherms compared to Freundlich model which showed lower determination coefficient values. Thus the biosorbent used in this work was efficient in aluminum removal, either in CM-RHB form and R-RH form rather than CM-RHA form that always showed low adsorption capacity of Al3+ under the conditions established and considered optimum in this work.

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Alexandre, JÃssica Elen Costa. "Estudo da tecnologia de eletrocoagulaÃÃo aplicada ao tratamento de efluente tÃxtil utilizando corrente contÃnua pulsada." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14912.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
RESUMO O presente trabalho propÃs investigar a tecnologia de eletrocoagulaÃÃo (EC) para o tratamento de efluente tÃxtil utilizando corrente contÃnua pulsada (CCP) e eletrodos de aÃo inoxidÃvel 304. O efluente utilizado foi coletado em uma indÃstria tÃxtil fabricante de redes localizada no municÃpio de Jaguaruana-CE. A Metodologia de SuperfÃcie de Resposta Box-Behnken foi utilizada para analisar e otimizar as condiÃÃes operacionais, visando a mÃxima remoÃÃo de cor, turbidez e demanda quÃmica de oxigÃnio (DQO) do efluente tÃxtil. Os experimentos foram realizados com um volume reacional de 2,6 L, em modo batelada. A cinÃtica de degradaÃÃo de DQO foi estudada atravÃs do ajuste de regressÃo nÃo linear, obedecendo ao modelo de cinÃtica de segunda ordem. Diante dos resultados obtidos a configuraÃÃo Ãtima considerada foi: velocidade de agitaÃÃo=200 rpm, frequÃncia dos pulsos elÃtricos=1000 Hz e espaÃamento entre os eletrodos=1 mm, em 50 minutos de EC. Nestas condiÃÃes foram obtidas remoÃÃes de cor, turbidez e DQO, respectivamente de 98,94%, 85,87% e 81,23%, adequando o valor de DQO ao padrÃo de lanÃamento exigido pela Portaria nÂ 154/2002 da SuperintendÃncia Estadual do Meio Ambiente (SEMACE). Em adiÃÃo, verificou-se que o processo de EC tambÃm foi eficaz para a reduÃÃo de sÃlidos suspensos totais, nitrogÃnio total, sulfato e sulfeto, como tambÃm para a reduÃÃo da toxicidade aguda frente Ã Lactuca sativa, elevando os valores do Ãndice de Crescimento Relativo (ICR) e Ãndice de GerminaÃÃo (IG) inicialmente registrados para o efluente bruto. A concentraÃÃo de Ãons cloreto nÃo decresceu durante a EC, apresentando-se como um aspecto favorÃvel para a reutilizaÃÃo do efluente tratado no prÃprio processo produtivo tÃxtil, o qual demanda uma elevada concentraÃÃo de cloreto de sÃdio (NaCl).
The present work proposed to investigate the electrocoagulation technology (EC) for the treatment of textile effluent using pulsed direct current (CCP) and stainless steel electrodes 304. The effluent used was collected in a textile manufacturer networks in the municipality of Jaguaruana -CE. The Response Surface Methodology Box-Behnken was used to analyze and optimize the operating conditions, aimed at maximum removal of color, turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the textile effluent. The experiments were performed with a reaction volume of 2.6 L in batch mode. The COD degradation kinetics was studied using non-linear regression fit, according to the second order kinetics model. Based on these results the optimal configuration was considered: agitation speed = 200 rpm, frequency of electrical pulses = 1000 Hz and spacing between electrodes = 1 mm, in 50 minutes of EC. Under these conditions color removals were obtained, turbidity and COD, respectively 98.94%, 85.87% and 81.23%, adjusting the COD value to discharge standard required by Ordinance No. 154/2002 of the State Superintendent of Half Environment (SEMACE). In addition, it was found that the CS process is also effective for reduction of total suspended solids, total nitrogen, sulfide and sulfate, as well as for the reduction of acute toxicity Lactuca sativa forward, raising the value of the Growth Index Relative (ICR) and germination index (GI) initially recorded for the raw wastewater. The concentration of chloride ions has not decreased during the EC, presenting itself as a favorable aspect for the reuse of treated effluent in own textile production process, which demands a high concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl).

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Parker, Peter A. "Response Surface Design and Analysis in the Presence of Restricted Randomization." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26555.

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Practical restrictions on randomization are commonplace in industrial experiments due to the presence of hard-to-change or costly-to-change factors. Employing a split-plot design structure minimizes the number of required experimental settings for the hard-to-change factors. In this research, we propose classes of equivalent estimation second-order response surface split-plot designs for which the ordinary least squares estimates of the model are equivalent to the generalized least squares estimates. Designs that possess the equivalence property enjoy the advantages of best linear unbiased estimates and design selection that is robust to model misspecification and independent of the variance components. We present a generalized proof of the equivalence conditions that enables the development of several systematic design construction strategies and provides the ability to verify numerically that a design provides equivalent estimates, resulting in a broad catalog of designs. We explore the construction of balanced and unbalanced split-plot versions of the central composite and Box-Behnken designs. In addition, we illustrate the utility of numerical verification in generating D-optimal and minimal point designs, including split-plot versions of the Notz, Hoke, Box and Draper, and hybrid designs. Finally, we consider the practical implications of analyzing a near-equivalent design when a suitable equivalent design is not available. By simulation, we compare methods of estimation to provide a practitioner with guidance on analysis alternatives when a best linear unbiased estimator is not available. Our goal throughout this research is to develop practical experimentation strategies for restricted randomization that are consistent with the philosophy of traditional response surface methodology.
Ph. D.

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La, Porta Neto Dante Gageiro. "Avaliação das distorções angulares em juntas de filete." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/164589.

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Distorções geométricas em partes metálicas unidas através de soldagem a arco elétrico são consequências inerentes ao processo devido ao elevado fluxo de calor necessário para fusão dos metais de base e adição (quando houver). Embora inevitáveis, estas distorções podem ser reduzidas ou eliminadas através do prévio conhecimento do comportamento da junta de acordo com energia aplicada, características geométricas, propriedades do material, entre outros fatores, possibilitando assim a redução de custos com possíveis retrabalhos por meio de alterações de projeto ou ações que as previnam durante a soldagem. Este trabalho utilizou a metodologia de Projeto de Experimentos para avaliar o efeito da energia de soldagem, espessura da aba e espessura da alma na distorção angular em juntas de filete soldadas pelo processo MIG/MAG com modo de transferência curto-circuito. Foi aplicada a Análise de Variância para as distorções angulares das amostras e identificou como significativo o efeito linear da energia de soldagem, o efeito quadrático da espessura da aba e a interação dos fatores energia de soldagem e espessura da aba na distorção angular de juntas de filete. Observou-se mínimas distorções para a combinação de maior energia de soldagem e menor espessura de aba, sendo mínimas também as distorções angulares para a combinação de menor energia de soldagem e maior espessura de aba, independente da espessura da alma para as condições estudadas. Através das macrografias das amostras, identificou-se que razão entre a área total do metal de solda e espessura da aba que gera maior distorção angular é aproximamente 5, com menores distorções angulares para valores inferiores e superiores a esse. Através de um modelo numérico, demonstrou-se que o gradiente de temperatura na aba da junta não determina a máxima distorção angular, e sim a máxima temperatura atingida na superfície inferior da aba, com máxima distorção angular obtida para a amostra que atingiu aproximadamente 425 ºC em ponto na superfície inferior da aba e paralelo à margem do cordão. Por fim, para distorções angulares em função da razão entre a energia de soldagem conduzida pela aba e espessura de aba ao quadrado, observou-se que a distorção angular é crescente até atingir 15,00 J/mm³, e menores distorções angulares para relações superiores a esse valor.
Welding deformation on metallic parts joined by electric arc welding are inherent consequences of the process due to the high heat flux required for melting the base and filler metals (when used). Although unavoidable, these deformations can be reduced or eliminated through prior knowledge of joint behavior in accordance with applied heat input (welding energy), geometric characteristics, material properties, among other factors, thus reducing costs with possible rework through design changes or actions that prevent them during welding. This work uses a methodology proposed by Experimental Design theories to evaluate the effect of heat input, flange thickness and web thickness on angular distortion in fillet joints welded by the GMAW process with short-circuit transfer mode. Was applied Analysis of Variance for the angular distortions of the test specimens and there are significant the linear effect of heat input, the quadratic effect of flange thickness and the interaction of heat input and flange thickness on the angular distortion of fillet joints, observing minimum distortion for the combination of higher heat input and lower flange thickness, and also angular distortions for the combination of lower heat input and higher flange thickness, regardless of the thickness of the web are minimal. Through the macrographs of the samples, it was identified that the ratio of a region of the weld metal to the flange thickness that generates the greatest angular distortion is approximately 5, with smaller angular distortions for lower values and higher than that. Through a numerical model, it has been shown that the temperature gradient in the flange does not determine the maximum angular distortion, but the maximum temperature reached in the lower surface of the flange, with maximum angular distortion obtained for the sample that reached approximately 425ºC in point on the surface bottom of the flange and parallel to the edge of the weld bead. Finally, for angular distortions as a function of the ratio between the heat input conducted by the flange and the squared flange thickness, it was observed that the angular distortion is increasing until reaching 15,00 J/mm³, and smaller angular distortions for higher relations to this value.

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Beg, Sarwar, and Sohail Akhter. "Box–Behnken Designs and Their Applications in Pharmaceutical Product Development." In Design of Experiments for Pharmaceutical Product Development, 77–85. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4717-5_7.

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Singh, Amit Kumar, Vivek Singh, Som Ashutosh, Abhishek Gupta, and Ajay Pratap Singh. "Optimization of Weld Parameters for Cladding Using Box–Behnken Design Method." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 619–27. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2794-1_54.

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Elmoubarki, Rachid, Mohamed Taoufik, Ahmed Moufti, Hanane Tounsadi, Fatima Zahra Mahjoubi, Samir Qourzal, Mohamed Abdennouri, and Noureddine Barka. "Optimization of Coagulation/Flocculation Process for Landfill Leachate Treatment Using Box–Behnken Design." In Recent Advances in Environmental Science from the Euro-Mediterranean and Surrounding Regions, 167–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70548-4_55.

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Madhu, A. V. S. L. Sai Bharadwaj, S. Niju, K. M. Meera Sheriffa Begum, and N. Anantharaman. "Studies on Esterification Optimization of High FFA Content Pongamia Oil Using Box–Behnken Design." In Horizons in Bioprocess Engineering, 3–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29069-6_1.

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Roslan, Siti Amni, Mohamad Zaki Hassan, Zainudin A. Rasid, Nurul Aini Bani, Shamsul Sarip, Mohd Yusof Md Daud, and Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki. "Mode I Fracture Toughness of Optimized Alkali-Treated Bambusa Vulgaris Bamboo by Box-Behnken Design." In Advances in Material Sciences and Engineering, 565–75. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8297-0_58.

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Nguyen, Huu Truong, W. Bae, and Van Hung Nguyen. "Application of Box-Behnken Design in Optimization of Fracture Treatment Design for Lower Oligocene Reservoir, Offshore Viet Nam." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 703–8. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0802-8_111.

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Saini, Suman, Jyoti Chawla, Rajeev Kumar, and Inderpreet Kaur. "Optimization of Lead Ions Adsorption onto C16-6-16 Incorporated Mesoporous MCM-41 Using Box-Behnken Design." In Environmental Biotechnology For Soil and Wastewater Implications on Ecosystems, 61–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6846-2_9.

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Asawarungsaengkul, Krisada, and Supreecha Yathiphat. "Quality Improvement in a Low Pressure Die Casting Process of Alloy Wheels by Applying Box-Behnken Design." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Data Engineering 2015 (DaEng-2015), 375–82. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1799-6_39.

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Anurag and Rajesh Kumar. "Optimization of Clinker Factor for Low-Carbon Penta-Blended Cement Mortar via Box–Behnken Design of Response Surface Methodology." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 577–96. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4040-8_47.

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Rahmouni, Asma, Sameh Maatoug, and Neji Ladhari. "Application of Box-Behnken Design and Response Surface Methodology for Modeling of Cold Sizing Efficiency of Cotton Warp Yarns." In Springer Proceedings in Materials, 367–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08842-1_58.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "BOX-BEHNKEN DESIGNS"

Wang, Yingying, Guang-Jiao Zhou, and Xiao-Wei Li. "Box-Behnken Designs for the Optimization of the Ethanol Extraction Process for Chuilian Jianpi Granules." In 2023 International Conference on Intelligent Supercomputing and BioPharma (ISBP). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbp57705.2023.10061319.

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A. Maran, Maycon, Rogério A. Flauzino, and Rodrigo A. Ramos. "Otimização multiobjetiva da máquina síncrona de polos salientes baseada em algoritmo genético e análise de robustez." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Elétricos - SBSE2020. sbabra, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48011/sbse.v1i1.2305.

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A otimização de máquinas elétricas tem se tornado um tópico relevante na última década. A evolução da ciência da computação disponibilizou uma enorme capacidade de processamento para análise de diferentes designs. Processos de otimização multifísicos e multiestágios complexos têm sido testados, incluindo algoritmos híbridos e análises de elementos finitos. A máquina síncrona continua desempenhando um papel importante na geração de energia elétrica em fontes renováveis de energia como eólica e pequenas centrais hidrelétricas. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de um algoritmo de otimização analítico multiobjetivo para máquina síncrona de polos salientes eletricamente excitada, utilizando NSGA-II e análise de robustez. É comparada uma amostragem fatorial com a técnica de amostragem Box-Behnken para seis variáveis e suas tolerâncias de fabricação. Os resultados indicaram que a fronteira de Pareto obtida por NSGA-II não apresentam design robustos e a técnica de Box-Behnken é capaz de atingir resultados melhores, confiáveis e com menor tempo de processamento que a amostragem fatorial.

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Oruç, Mehmet, and Sedat Yayla. "Experimental Analysis of Treatment Performance by Optimization of Effective Parameters on Corrugated Plates Used in Treatment Systems." In Topical Problems of Fluid Mechanics 2022. Institute of Thermomechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/tpfm.2022.020.

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Crude oil, which is brought to the surface from underground with high cost and loss of time, contains water, gas and some solids. The most widely used method for separating the crude oil brought to the earth from water is the separation method, which is one of the gravitational separation methods, using corrugated plates.In this study, 3 different Re numbers (3033.058, 4766.2345, 6499.411) of 1st Processed crude oil sample, the ratio of 3 different hole diameters of the corrugated plates to the plate width (0.018,0.021,0.024) and 3 different mounting angles (0, 25, 50 degrees) parameters were taken into consideration and the effect of the relevant parameters on the separation efficiency was investigated. In order to reduce the number of experiments and save on cost and experiment time, without affecting the probability of finding the highest value of the separation efficiency, the Response Surface Method (RSM) was optimized with the Box-Behnken method and relevant trial designs were created.In line with these experimental designs, the relevant experiments were carried out in duplicate.

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Nguyen, Cuong Q., Nghia V. T. Tran, Bryan C. Bernier, Son H. Ho, and Jayanta S. Kapat. "Sensitivity Analysis for Film Effectiveness on a Round Film Hole Embedded in a Trench Using Conjugate Heat Transfer Numerical Model." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22120.

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Film cooling performance is affected by many factors, for example: geometrical factors (injection angle, length-to-hole diameter ratio, surface roughness, etc.) as well as flow conditions (mass flux ratio, momentum flux ratio, turbulence intensity, etc.). In most of the film cooling literature, film effectiveness has been used as criterion to judge and/or compare between film cooling designs. Uniformity is also a critical factor, since it is determining how well the coolant spreading out downstream to protect the working surface in a gas turbine engine. Better cooling uniformity will reduce thermal stress associated with gas turbine components. A flat plate with round holes embedded in a trench is considered in this study. Although the trench may have an adverse effect on fan-shaped film hole cooling, it tremendously increases the performance of the round-hole film cooling technique in terms of film cooling effectiveness. An experimental study at CATER facility has shown that the cooling effectiveness can be retained by the addition of a trench feature while using only half a number of cooling holes. The current work is conducted based on the numerical study with a validation from in-house experimental works at CATER and the experiments from the literature. The experimental temperature distribution is captured by using Temperature Sensitive Paint and then span-wised effectiveness is calculated. The studied input parameters include flow variables (blowing ratio, BR and momentum ratio, MR) and geometrical parameters (trench-depth-to-diameter ratio, s/D and pitch-to-diameter ratio, p/D). A comparison of contributions of studied factors is investigated by using Response Surface Methodology technique. The spatially adiabatic film cooling effectiveness is selected as the primary output in the design of experimental analysis. Since the nonlinear behavior of all input factors are also of interest, three levels of each parameter will be considered. The well-know Box and Behnken design is employed to carry on this sensitivity analysis. With this method, the current study only requires 25 runs to obtain a quantified comparison of the contribution of each involved effects.

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Ang, Teck Nam, Gek Cheng Ngoh, and Adeline Seak May Chua. "Optimization of Rice Husk Pretreatment using Box-Behnken Design (BBD)." In 14th Asia Pacific Confederation of Chemical Engineering Congress. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-1445-1_211.

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Syed Draman, Sarifah Fauziah, Rusli Daik, Said M. El-Sheikh, and Famiza Abdul Latif. "Doping optimization of polypyrrole with toluenesulfonic acid using Box-Behnken design." In THE 2013 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2013 Postgraduate Colloquium. AIP Publishing LLC, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4858750.

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Ashok, Jami, S. Sai Santosh, Allu Sai Gowtham, A. Salma Sultana, and Meena Vangalapati. "Box Behnken design of experiments for investigation process of Dicofol removal." In SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIAL SCIENCE, SMART STRUCTURES AND APPLICATIONS: ICMSS-2019. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5141427.

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Kusuma, Heri Septya, and Mahfud Mahfud. "Box-Behnken design for investigation of microwave-assisted extraction of patchouli oil." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF CHEMICAL AND MATERIAL ENGINEERING (ICCME) 2015: Green Technology for Sustainable Chemical Products and Processes. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4938350.

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Huda, A., K. W. Lim, B. Jayanthi, S. A. Palsan, M. A. S. N. Huda, T. Y. S. Leony, A. L. Zul Ariff, and A. M. Amizi. "Optimization of Rhodamine 6G removal from aqueous solution using Box-Behnken design." In PROCEEDINGS OF 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (ICAMET 2020). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0052681.

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Abioye, Adekunle Moshood, Lukman Niyi Abdulkadir, Ibrahin Saidu Sintali, Mohammed Ahmed Bawa, and Farid Nasir Ani. "Temperature Controlled Microwave-Induced CO2 Activated Carbon: Optimization Using Box-Behnken Design." In International Seminar of Science and Applied Technology (ISSAT 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.201221.023.

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