Дисертації з теми "Boundary capacity"

Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 26, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Nelson Cowan. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Malgrat la importància estratègica de l’activitat política corporativa (APC) i els esforços realitzats per a estudiar les seves diferents característiques, hi ha pocs estudis sobre com poden les empreses organitzar i gestionar les seves unitats d’assumptes governamentals (AG) d’una manera més efectiva. Aquesta tesi tracta de contribuir a millorar la comprensió d’aquesta important àrea de l’APC. En concret, aquesta tesi es centra en explorar com les empreses poden dissenyar les seves unitats d’AG de forma que puguin millorar la seva capacitat de processar informació. Amb aquesta finalitat, s’ha utilitzat la metodologia de l’estudi de cas. El focus d’anàlisi és la unitat d’AG de les grans empreses i les seves activitats de tractament de la informació. Aquesta unitat canalitza el flux d’informació entre les unitats de negoci internes de l’empresa i el seu entorn polític exterior. Basant-se en la teoria de disseny organitzatiu, aquesta tesi mostra els antecedents organitzatius de l’APC. Finalment, aquesta tesi mostra als professionals un conjunt de mecanismes organitzatius, complementaris entre si, que poden utilitzar les unitats d’AG per a millorar la seva capacitat de gestionar la informació política.
A pesar de la importancia estratégica de la actividad política corporativa (APC) y de los esfuerzos realizados para estudiar sus diferentes características, hay pocos estudios sobre cómo las empresas pueden organizar y gestionar sus unidades de asuntos gubernamentales (AG) de una manera más efectiva. Esta tesis trata de contribuir a mejorar la comprensión sobre este importante aspecto de la APC. En concreto, esta tesis se centra en explorar cómo las empresas pueden diseñar sus unidades de AG de manera que puedan mejorar su capacidad de procesar información. Con este objetivo, se ha empleado la metodología del estudio de caso. El foco de análisis es la unidad de AG de las grandes empresas y sus actividades de tratamiento de la información. Esta unidad canaliza el flujo de información entre las unidades de negocio internas de la empresa y su entorno político exterior. Basándose en la teoría de diseño organizativo, esta tesis muestra los antecedentes organizativos de la APC. Finalmente, esta tesis muestra a los profesionales un conjunto de mecanismos organizativos, complementarios entre sí, que pueden emplear las unidades de AG para mejorar su capacidad de gestionar la información política.
Despite the strategic importance of firms’ corporate political activity (CPA) and the efforts to study its different aspects, little has been researched about how firms can organise and manage their government affairs (GA) units more effectively. This thesis seeks to shed further light into this relevant aspect of CPA. Specifically, the focus of this thesis is on exploring how firms can design their GA units in ways to improve their ability to perform their information processing activities. To this end, this thesis relies on the case study methodology. The empirical focus is the GA unit working in large firms and its information processing activities as a boundary-spanning unit. This unit mediates the flow of information between its external political environment and the firms’ internal business units. Drawing on organisational design theory, this thesis contributes to CPA scholarship by exposing organisational antecedents of CPA. Ultimately, this thesis offers practitioners a set of mutually-reinforcing organizational mechanisms that can be put in place to improve the ability of their GA units to manage political information.

This study proposes a framework for measuring and explaining partnership formation and resilience. The motivation for this study is that we currently do not understand the precise mechanism by which partnerships form or how they stay together in the face of change. The framework draws on a design view of systems to argue that partnerships manage change through boundary spanning practices that operate on multiple levels of social reality. The literature suggests that there are many different types of boundary spanning practices. Some types foster social-technical innovations called "boundary objects" while others facilitate the progressive standardization of those practices through the comparison and selection of boundary objects by social actors who are themselves transformed by their adoption of these objects. The framework proposes a way to measure partnership capacity and social learning that corresponds to the orders of boundary spanning practices. It furthermore proposes three hypotheses, one concerned with partnership formation and two concerned with resilience. The first hypothesis states that partnerships form through a convergence of boundary spanning practices and a community of practice. Convergence depends on a host of factors, including the capacity of innovators and early adopters to leverage their early successes to build additional capital to further promote and eventually institutionalize their boundary spanning practices. The second hypothesis predicts that partnerships that demonstrate a pattern of alignment practices integrating operational and strategic concerns will tend to oscillate within a defined range of partnership functions or "states" (restricted resilience). The third hypothesis predicts that partnerships that inculcate a learning culture of institutional design practices will tend to persist under a theoretically limitless range of environmental demands (general resilience). To assess the framework, four case studies of water resource management partnerships in the Columbia River Basin were carried out. Data collection centered on interviews with boundary spanners, field trips, and secondary data. The results partially confirmed the first hypothesis, while evaluations of the resilience hypotheses were inconclusive. However, boundary spanning practices were catalogued according to the various types of partnership processes to demonstrate how the methodology can be used for cross-case comparisons and theory-building.

We investigate local properties of the Green function of the complement of a compact set E. First we consider the case E ⊂ [0, 1] in the extended complex plane. We extend a result of V. Andrievskii which claims that if the Green function satisfies the Hölder1/2 condition locally at the origin, then the density of E at 0, in terms of logarithmic capacity, is the same as that of the whole interval [0, 1]. We give an integral estimate on the density in terms of the Green function, which also provides a necessary condition for the optimal smoothness. Then we extend the results to the case E ⊂ [−1, 1]. In this case the maximal smoothness of the Green function is H¨older-1 and a similar integral estimate and necessary condition hold as well. In the second part of the paper we consider the case when E is a compact set in Rd , d > 2. We give a Wiener type characterization for the Hölder continuity of the Green function, thus extending a result of L. Carleson and V. Totik. The obtained density condition is necessary, and it is sufficient as well, provided E satisfies the cone condition. It is also shown that the Hölder condition for the Green function at a boundary point can be equivalently stated in terms of the equilibrium measure and the solution to the corresponding Dirichlet problem. The results solve a long standing open problem - raised by Maz’ja in the 1960’s - under the simple cone condition.

Магістерська дисертація: 128 с., 40 рис., 31 табл., 9 формул, 75 джерел літератури, 5 додатків. Мета роботи: оцінка параметрів процесів вилучення іонів важких металів з водних розчинів. Об’єкт дослідження: процеси очищення природної та стічної води від іонів важких металів. Предмет дослідження: вилучення йонів Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Ni2+ з водних розчинів різних концентрацій методами адсорбції, нанофільтрації та іонного обміну. Вивчено процеси видалення йонів важких металів з розведених розчинів при використанні сорбентів на основі магнетиту, мембрани ОПМН–П та різних типів катіонообмінних фільтрів. Показано, що ефективність процесу залежить від наявності іонів жорсткості у воді та рН при іонообмінному очищенні, часу сорбції, вихідної концентрації іонів металу у розчині та рН при адсорбції, а також від вибору комплексонів при нанофільтрації. Досліджено залежність селективності нанофільтраційної мембрани по важким металам та іонах жорсткості від типу комплексоутворювача, що використовувався.
Master's Thesis: 128 pp., 40 figs., 31 tables, 9 formulas, 75 literature sources, 5 applications. Purpose: to estimate the parameters of the processes of extraction of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. Object of study: processes of purification of natural and waste water from heavy metal ions. Subject of study: extraction of Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Ni2+ ions from aqueous solutions of different concentrations by adsorption, nanofiltration and ion exchange methods. The processes of removal of heavy metal ions from dilute solutions using magnetite sorbents, OPMN-P membrane and various types of cation exchange filters have been studied. It is shown that the efficiency of the process depends on the presence of hardness ions in water and pH at ion exchange purification, sorption time, initial concentration of metal ions in solution and pH at adsorption, as well as the choice of complexes in nanofiltration. The dependence of the selectivity of the nanofiltration membrane on heavy metals and rigidity ions on the type of complexing agent used was investigated.
Магистерская диссертация: 128 с., 40 рис., 31 табл., 9 формул, 75 источников литературы, 5 приложений. Цель работы: оценка параметров процессов извлечения ионов тяжелых металлов из водных растворов. Объект исследования: процессы очистки природной и сточной воды от ионов тяжелых металлов. Предмет исследования: изъятие ионов Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Ni2+ из водных растворов различных концентраций методами адсорбции, нанофильтрации и ионного обмена. Изучены процессы удаления ионов тяжелых металлов из разбавленных растворов при использовании сорбентов на основе магнетита, мембраны ОПМН-П и различных типов катионообменных фильтров. Показано, что эффективность процесса зависит от наличия ионов жесткости в воде и рН при ионообменной очистке, времени сорбции, исходной концентрации ионов металла в растворе и рН при адсорбции, а также от выбора комплексонов при нанофильтрации. Исследована зависимость селективности нанофильтрационной мембраны по тяжелым металлам и ионам жесткости от типа комплексообразователя, который использовался.

The main objective of this thesis work was to gain understanding of the principles of biolubrication, focusing on synergistic effects between biolubricants. To this end surface force and friction measurements were carried out by means of Atomic Force Microscopy, using hydrophilic and hydrophobic model surfaces in salt solutions of high ionic strength (≈ 150 mM) in presence of different biolubricants. There was also a need to gain information on the adsorbed layers formed by the biolubricants. This was achieved by using a range of methods such as Atomic Force Microscopy PeakForce imaging, Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation, Dynamic Light Scattering and X-Ray Reflectometry. By combining data from these techniques, detailed information about the adsorbed layers could be obtained.The biolubricants that were chosen for investigation were a phospholipid, hyaluronan, lubricin, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) that all exist in the synovial joint area. First the lubrication ability of these components alone was investigated, and then focus was turned to two pairs that are known or assumed to associate in the synovial area. Of the biolubricants that were investigated, it was only the phospholipid 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) that was found to be an efficient lubricant on its own. Deposited DPPC bilayers on silica surfaces were found to be able to provide very low friction coefficients (≈ 0.01) up to high pressures, ≈ 50 MPa. A higher load bearing capacity was found for DPPC in the liquid crystalline state compared to in the gel state.The first synergy pair that was explored was DPPC and hyaluronan, that is known to associate on the cartilage surface, and we also noticed association between hyaluronan and DPPC vesicles as well as with adsorbed DPPC bilayers. By combining these two components a lubrication performance similar to that of DPPC alone could be achieved, even though the friction coefficient in presence of hyaluronan was found to be slightly higher. The synergy here is thus not in form of an increased performance, but rather that the presence of hyaluronan allows a large amount of the phospholipid lubricant to accumulate where it is needed, i.e. on the sliding surfaces.The other synergy pair was lubricin and COMP that recently has been shown to be co-localized on the cartilage surface, and thus suggested to associate with each other. Lubricin, as a single component, provided poor lubrication of PMMA surfaces, which we utilized as model hydrophobic surfaces. However, if COMP first was allowed to coat the surface, and then lubricin was added a low friction coefficient (≈ 0.03) was found. In this case the synergy arises from COMP facilitating strong anchoring of lubricin to the surface in conformations that provide good lubrication performance.
Huvudsyftet med det här avhandlingsarbetet var att öka förståelsen för den låga friktion som finns i vissa biologiska system, med fokus på synergistiska effekter mellan de smörjande molekylerna. För detta ändamål studerades ytkrafter och friktion med hjälp av atomkraftsmikroskopi. Mätningarna utfördes med hydrofila och hydrofoba modellytor i lösningar med hög salthalt (≈ 150 mM) i närvaro av smörjande biomolekyler. Det var också nödvändigt att få information om de adsorberade skikten av biomolekyler. Det åstadkoms med hjälp av en rad tekniker så som AFM PeakForce avbildning, kvartskristallmikrovåg, dynamisk ljusspridning och röntgen reflektometri. Genom att kombinera data från dessa tekniker erhölls detaljerad information om de smörjande skikten.De smörjande biomolekyler som valdes ut för studierna var en fosfolipid, hyaluronan, lubricin, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) vilka alla finns i synovialledsområdet. Först undersöktes den smörjande förmågan hos dessa komponenter var för sig, och sedan fokuserade vi på två par av biomolekyler som man vet eller antar bildar associationsstrukturer i synovialleder. Av de enskilda biomolekyler som undersöktes var det endast fosfolipiden 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-fosfokoline (DPPC) som visade sig vara en effektivt smörjande molekyl. Deponerade biskikt av DPPC på silikaytor gav upphov till mycket låga friktionskoefficienter (≈ 0.01) upp till höga pålagda tryck, ≈ 50 MPa. DPPC bilager i flytande kristallin fas visade sig ha högre lastbärande förmåga än DPPC bilager i geltillstånd.Det första synergistiska par som undersöktes var DPPC och hyaluronan vilka man vet associerar på broskytan, och vi visade att hyaluronan associerar med såväl DPPC vesiklar som med DPPC bilager. Genom att kombinera dessa två komponenter uppmättes en smörjande förmåga som var jämförbar med den som DPPC ensam uppvisar. Även om friktionskoefficienten var något högre i närvaro av hyaluronan. Synergieffekten här består inte av en bättre smörjande förmåga, utan istället gör närvaron av hyaluronan att de smörjande fosfolipiderna kan ansamlas i stora mängder där de behövs, dvs. på de glidande ytorna.Det andra synergiparet var lubricin och COMP vilka nyligen har visats vara lokaliserade på samma platser på broskytan, vilket tyder på att de associerar med varandra. På egen hand var lubricins smörjande förmåga av PMMA, våra hydrofoba modellytor, dålig. Emellertid, om COMP först adsorberades på PMMA och sedan lubricin tillsattes uppmättes en låg friktionskoefficient (≈ 0.03). I det här fallet består synergin av att COMP möjliggör en stark inbindning till ytan av lubricin i konformationer som ger god smörjande förmåga.

QC 20141202

Stiftelsen för strategisk forskning - SSF

Alors que les relations formelles entre organisations comme les alliances ont été largement étudiées, les relations inter-organisationnelles informelles demandent à être mieux comprises. Comment l'organisation gère-t-elle ses relations inter-organisationnelles informelles ? Quels sont les effets de ces relations sur l'entreprise ? Comment peut-on essayer d'organiser d'une façon consciente des actions d'influence de l'environnement au travers de ces relations ? Pour aborder ces questions, nous avons choisi d'utiliser le cadre de la théorie des capacités dynamiques, qui accorde une place importante aux relations entre l'entreprise et son environnement. Les capacités dynamiques de l'entreprise peuvent être définies comme la capacité à détecter et façonner des opportunités et des menaces, à saisir des opportunités, et à reconfigurer les ressources de la firme. Répondant à l'appel des chercheurs sur les capacités dynamiques, cette thèse analyse les micro-fondations de ces capacités. Notre étude s'appuie sur une analyse des individus "passeurs de frontières" qui participent aux relations inter-organisationnelles informelles au nom de leur entreprise. Nos travaux pointent les contributions des passeurs de frontières aux capacités dynamiques de l'entreprise et conceptualisent la capacité à gérer des relations inter-organisationnelles informelles comme capacité dynamique
Whereas formal relations such as alliances have been well-studied, informal inter-organizational relations still need to be analyzed. This gap in the literature leads to the following research questions: How do organizations manage their informal inter-organizational relations? What are the effects of such relations? How can firms organize influencing activities based on these relations? The theory of dynamic capabilities addresses relations between the firm and its environment. The dynamic capabilities of the firm can be defined as the capacity of the firm to sense and shape opportunities and threats, to seize opportunities and to reconfigure assets. They permit the organization to adapt to and to shape its environment. This work contributes to answering the call from researchers to analyze the microfoundations of dynamic capabilities. It studies the role played by boundary spanners, individuals playing an interfacing role between the firm and its environment, in the dynamic capabilities of the firm. Further, this research leads to the conceptualization of the capacity to manage informal interorganizational relations as a dynamic capability allowing the firm to develop its absorptive capacity, legitimacy and influence on its environment

Three mathematical models, two of primary alkaline battery cathode discharge, and one of primary alkaline battery discharge, are developed, presented, solved and investigated in this thesis. The primary aim of this work is to improve our understanding of the complex, interrelated and nonlinear processes that occur within primary alkaline batteries during discharge. We use perturbation techniques and Laplace transforms to analyse and simplify an existing model of primary alkaline battery cathode under galvanostatic discharge. The process highlights key phenomena, and removes those phenomena that have very little effect on discharge from the model. We find that electrolyte variation within Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide (EMD) particles is negligible, but proton diffusion within EMD crystals is important. The simplification process results in a significant reduction in the number of model equations, and greatly decreases the computational overhead of the numerical simulation software. In addition, the model results based on this simplified framework compare well with available experimental data. The second model of the primary alkaline battery cathode discharge simulates step potential electrochemical spectroscopy discharges, and is used to improve our understanding of the multi-reaction nature of the reduction of EMD. We find that a single-reaction framework is able to simulate multi-reaction behaviour through the use of a nonlinear ion-ion interaction term. The third model simulates the full primary alkaline battery system, and accounts for the precipitation of zinc oxide within the separator (and other regions), and subsequent internal short circuit through this phase. It was found that an internal short circuit is created at the beginning of discharge, and this self-discharge may be exacerbated by discharging the cell intermittently. We find that using a thicker separator paper is a very effective way of minimising self-discharge behaviour. The equations describing the three models are solved numerically in MATLABR, using three pieces of numerical simulation software. They provide a flexible and powerful set of primary alkaline battery discharge prediction tools, that leverage the simplified model framework, allowing them to be easily run on a desktop PC.

Inspirés par un modèle établi par une initiative sociale du Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) en 2001, des salariés de plusieurs grandes groupes ont établi des Fab Labs d'entreprise avec l'intention de transformer les capacités d'innovation de leur entreprise.Cette thèse examine l'univers des Fab Labs entreprise, s'appuyant sur des données empiriques récoltées dans des dizaines de labs, avec des activités de recherche principales ayant lieu entre 2014 et 2017 dans les laboratoires de quatre grands groupes mondiaux. L'objectif de cette recherche est de 1) identifier si les Fab Labs d'entreprise influencent les capacités d'innovation d'une organisation, 2) articuler et affiner la représentation managériale utilisée pour justifier la création d'un tel lieu, ainsi que 3) esquisser un mécanisme simple qui permet aux décideurs stratégiques d'évaluer si les activités dans un lab lui permet d'atteindre ses objectifs
Based on a pattern established by an MIT academic outreach program created in 2001, individuals in dozens of large organizations established corporate Fab Labs in recent years with the intent to transform their firm’s ability to innovate.This thesis investigates the world of corporate Fab Labs, building on empirical data gathered from dozens of labs, with core research activities taking place in the labs of four large multinational firms from 2014 through 2017. The purpose of this research is to 1) identify whether corporate Fab Labs influence an organization’s innovation capabilities, 2) articulate and refine the managerial representation used to support the creation of these labs, and 3) outline a simple mechanism for managers to evaluate whether a lab attains its desired outcomes

Les microphones capacitifs sont des transducteurs réciproques dont les qualités (sensibilité, bande passante et tenue dans le temps) en font des instruments de mesure performants. Couramment utilisés jusqu’à présent en récepteurs dans l’air à pression atmosphérique et à température ambiante, dans la gamme de fréquences audibles, ils sont correctement caractérisés dans ce cadre depuis près de trente ans. Mais aujourd’hui, leur miniaturisation (par procédé MEMS) et leur usage nouveau en métrologie fine (en récepteurs comme en émetteurs) - qui exigent une connaissance précise de leur comportement dans des domaines de fréquences élevées (jusqu’à 100 kHz), dans des mélanges gazeux aux propriétés différentes de celles de l’air et dans des conditions de pression et de température beaucoup plus élevées ou beaucoup plus basses que les conditions standards - nécessitent une caractérisation beaucoup plus approfondie, aussi bien en terme de modélisation qu’en terme de résultats expérimentaux. C’est ainsi que ici -i/ les effets des couches limites thermiques (seules les couches limites visqueuses sont habituellement retenues) sont introduits dans le modèle, ce qui amène dans le chapitre premier à une étude analytique de la diffusion thermique en parois minces (dont la portée dépasse le cadre strict du transducteur), -ii/ l’influence des orifices de l’électrode arrière sur la déformée de la membrane est traitée au départ par une méthode analytique originale, qui permet de traduire les conditions en frontière non uniformes sur la surface de l’électrode sous forme de sources locales virtuelles, associées à des conditions de frontière rendues uniformes (chapitre second), -iii/ des solutions analytiques nouvelles, dépendant à la fois des coordonnées radiales et azimutales, sont obtenues pour le champ de déplacement de la membrane et pour les champs de pression dans les cavités du microphone par usage de théories modales compatibles avec les couplages multiples qui y prennent place (troisième chapitre), -iv/ un modèle de « circuit à constantes localisées » (reporté pour l’essentiel en annexe) est proposé, à des degrés divers de précision, qui permet en particulier d’accéder de façon simple à la sensibilité et au bruit thermique du microphone (fin du quatrième chapitre), -v/ une étude au vibromètre laser à balayage a été réalisée (début du quatrième chapitre), qui permet non seulement de mettre en évidence pour la première fois les déformées de membrane complexes qui apparaissent en hautes fréquences, mais encore de les quantifier et par-delà de valider les résultats théoriques obtenus et donc les modèles proposés (même s’ils restent perfectibles comme indiqué dans la conclusion)
Condenser microphones are reciprocal transducers whose properties (sensitivity, bandwidth and reliability) make them powerful measurement tools. So far, they have been commonly used as receivers in the audible frequency range, in air at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature, they have been appropriately characterised in this context for nearly thirty years. But nowadays, their miniaturisation (using MEMS processes) and their new use for metrological purposes (as receivers as well as transmitters) require much deeper theoretical and experimental characterisations because they require an accurate knowledge of their behaviour in high frequency ranges (up to 100 kHz), in gas mixtures, whose properties differ from those of air, and under pressure and temperature conditions much higher or much lower than standard conditions. Thus, here, -i/ the effects of the thermal boundary layers are introduced in the model (only viscous boundary layers are usually accounted for), leading, in the first chapter, to an analysis of the thermal diffusion of thin bodies (whose scope is beyond the strict frame of capacitive transducers), ii/ the influence of the holes in the backing electrode on the dynamic behaviour of the membrane is initially handled with an original analytical method which allows expressing the non-uniform boundary conditions at the surface of the backing electrode as fictitious localised sources associated to uniform boundary conditions (second chapter), -iii/ new analytical solutions, depending both on the radial and azimuthal coordinates, for the pressure field and for the displacement field inside the cavities behind the membrane are expressed using modal theories in agreement with the strong couplings which occur between the different parts of the transducer (chapter three), -iv/ "lumped element circuits", which are more or less approximated (presented in the Appendix), more particularly result in expressing and assessing the sensitivity and the thermal noise (end of chapter three), -v/ experimental results, obtained from measurements of the displacement field of the membrane using a laser scanning vibrometer, both highlight and quantify for the first time the complex behaviour of the membrane in the highest frequency range, and finally lead to the validation of the theoretical results and therefore, the models presented here (even if the latter may still be improved as outlined in the conclusion)

Cette thèse est constituée de trois parties. Dans la première partie, on s'intéresse au problème de trace au bord d'une solution positive de l'équation de Hamilton-Jacobi (E1) $-\Delta u+g(|\nabla u|)=0$ dans un domaine borné $\Omega$ de ${\mathbb R}^N$, satisfaisant (E2) $u = \mu$ sur $\partial \Omega$. Si $g(r) \geq r^q$ avec $q > 1$, on prouve que toute solution positive de (E1) admet une trace au bord considérée comme une mesure de Borel régulière, pas nécessairement localement bornée. Si $g(r) = r^q$ avec $1 < q < q_c = \frac{N+1}{N}$ , on montre l'existence d'une solution positive dont la trace au bord est une mesure de Borel régulière $\nu \not \equiv \infty$ et on caractérise les singularités frontières isolées de solutions positives. Si $g(r) = r^q$ avec $q_c \leq q < 2$, on établit une condition nécessaire de résolution en terme de capacité de Bessel $C_{\frac{2-q}{q},q'} . On étudie aussi des ensembles éliminables au bord pour des solutions modérées. La deuxième partie est consacrée à étudier la limite, lorsque $k \to \infty$, de solutions d'équation $\partial_t u - \Delta u + f(u) =0$ dans ${\mathbb R}^N \times (0;\infty)$ avec donnée initiale $k\delta_0$ où $0$ est la masse de Dirac concentrée à l'origine et f est une fonction positive, continue, croissante et satisfaisant $f(0) = f^{-1}(0) = 0$. On prouve, sous certaines hypothèses portant sur f, qu'il existe essentiellement trois types de comportement possible en fonction des valeurs finies ou infinies des intégrales $\int_1^\infty f^{-1}(s)ds$ et $\int_1^\infty F^{-1/2}(s)ds$, où $F(s)=\int_0^s f(r)dr$. Grâce à ces résultats, on donne une nouvelle construction de la trace initiale et quelques résultats d'unicité et de non-unicité de solutions dont la donnée initiale n'est pas bornée. Dans la troisième partie, on élargit le cadre de nos investigations et généralise les résultats obtenus dans la deuxième partie au cas où l'opérateur est non-linéaire. En particulier, on s'intéresse à des propriétés qualitatives de solutions positives de l'équation $ \partial_t u-\Delta_p u+f(u)=0$ où $p > 1, \Delta_p u = div(\abs{\nabla u}^{p-2}\nabla u)$ et $f$ est une fonction continue, croissante, positive et satisfaisant $f(0) = 0 = f^{-1}(0)$. Si $p > \frac{2N}{N+1}$, on fournit une condition suffisante portant sur f pour l'existence et l'unicité des solutions fondamentales de données initiales $k\delta_0$ et on étudie la limite, lorsque $k \to \infty$, qui dépend du fait que $f^{-1}$ et $F^{-1/p}$ soient intégrables à l'infini ou pas, où $F(s) =\int_0^s f(r)dr. On donne aussi de nouveaux résultats de non-unicité de solutions avec donnée initiale non bornée. Si $p \geq 2$, on prouve que toute solution positive admet une trace initiale dans la classe de mesures de Borel régulières positives. Finalement on applique les résultats ci-dessus au cas modèle $f(u)=u^\alpha \ln^\beta(u+1)$ avec $\alpha>0$ et $\beta>0$.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
99
Steel Plate Shear Walls (SPSWs) have been recognized as a high lateral stiffness and ductility system for building structures. However, this system is still not commonly adopted in practice. It may be due to the following two reasons: 1) The capacity design of the boundary elements must be checked by using strips model, which may be complicated and time-consuming. 2) The column plastic hinge must be formed only at the 1st story column bottom end according to the AISC provisions. Therefore the flexural requirement for the 1st story column may be very large. For the purpose of developing a convenient capacity design method for the 1st story columns in the SPSWs, the equivalent brace model is considered in formulating the design procedures. Allowing the plastic zone to form approximately at 1/4-high of the first-story column, this study purposes a minimum column flexural capacity design requirement to prevent both the flexural and shear plastic hinges form at the top of the 1st story column. In order to verify the accuracy the proposed capacity design method, and to investigate the cyclic performance of the SPSWs with or without the plastic forming at the top of the 1st story column, three full-scale 3.42-meter wide and 3.82-meter high two-story SPSW specimens were tested in National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering. The low yield strength steel plates of 2.7mm and the same boundary beams, but with the boundary columns designed according to three different flexural requirements, were adopted for three specimens. Results of the ABAQUS analyses and the cyclic tests up to a roof drift of 0.045 radians confirm that the proposed capacity design method is suitable for seismic design of 1st story column to achieve good performance and economy. The 1st story column with plastic deformations spreading over mid-high of the column still possesses rather good load-carrying capacity. However, the specimen with plastic hinges forming at the mid-high and the top of the 1st story column have seriously lateral torsional buckling. In addition, test results show the tension field angle changes from boundary elements elastic to plastic. For the 1st story, due to large plastic deformation in the mid-high of boundary columns, the tension field angle inclines to approximately 40 degree. For the 2nd story, however, the plastic deformation concentrates at on boundary beams, so the tension field angle inclines near 45 degree.

abstract: The study explores the differing roles that a top management team (TMT) and a board play in providing a firm the knowledge to improve its absorptive capacity. Building on the distinction between potential and realized absorptive capacity, initially posited by Zahra and George (2002), I argue that a firm's board of directors and its TMT both act to fill the critical role of knowledge gatekeepers identified by Cohen and Levinthal (1990). But, they play different roles in a firm's efforts to acquire, assimilate, transform and exploit novel information. The engagement of board members with environmental planning through personal experiences as well as prior and current ties shapes the ability of the firm to acquire (i.e., identify and obtain) and assimilate (i.e., analyze, understand, and evaluate) valuable external knowledge. However, because they lack the required in-depth knowledge of the firm's internal operations, they are unable to complete the gatekeeping role. The latter stages of that role depend on the abilities of the TMT to transform (i.e., internalize and converse) and exploit (i.e., use and implement) that knowledge, which depends heavily on their engagement with environmental activities through prior experiences. Thus, the board and TMT are only able to fulfill the roles of knowledge gatekeeper collectively. I develop a set of hypotheses from this core proposition, which I test using the participation of U.S. firms in the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP). Extremely detailed data on 354 firms from 2008 to 2015 allows me to examine multiple sequential processes, including the decision to participate in the CDP performance relative to the core CDP goal, current internal systems, policies as well as plans, and capabilities to breakdown emissions along various production processes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2018

Abstract   This study addresses the research gap on knowledge transfer on a team level, by examining the potential and realized Absorptive Capacity (ACAP) on the receiver's side and potential and realized Disseminative Capacity (DCAP) on the sender's side. The research question and purpose relate to how ACAP and DCAP can aid innovation development teams in reaching their goals and what role social integration mechanisms play in this process. We develop a theoretical framework in which we synthesize existing literature and through which we analyzed the empirical data.   We follow a qualitative method and employ a single case strategy that fits our empirical data and allows to gain an understanding of social dynamics underlying knowledge transfer. The data was collected through interviews in the R&D department of Atlas Copco, a large Swedish multinational corporation that operates in the mining and tunneling industry. From our analysis we conclude that social integration mechanisms can be used in order to lower the gap between potential and realized capacities. This can in turn lead to a higher innovative output of teams.