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1
Pak, Burak. "ICT-ENABLED BOTTOM-UP ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 10, no. 1 (April 26, 2016): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v10i1.738.
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This paper aims at discussing the potentials of bottom-up design practices in relation to the latest developments in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) by making an in-depth review of inaugural cases. The first part of the study involves a literature study and the elaboration of basic strategies from the case study. The second part reframes the existing ICT tools and strategies and elaborates on their potentials to support the modes of participation performed in these cases. As a result, by distilling the created knowledge, the study reveals the potentials of novel modes of ICT-enabled design participation which exploit a set of collective action tools to support sustainable ways of self-organization and bottom-up design. The final part explains the relevance of these with solid examples and presents a hypothetical case for future implementation. The paper concludes with a brief reflection on the implications of the findings for the future of architectural design education.
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Squizzato, Alberto. "Bottom-up Urban Regeneration and Vacant Buildings: A Framework to understand how Empty Properties can be Strategically Embedded in Bottom-up Projects." ATHENS JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE 7, no. 1 (December 20, 2021): 36–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/aja.7-1-2.
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The bottom-up projects, in the years after the Great Crisis, have been considered as a popular measure to solve urban issues, overcoming the conditions of austerity faced by public actors. However, these initiatives not only seem confined to solve very specific issues but are often linked to a more comprehensive urban regeneration strategy, thus capable of addressing the economic, social and physical aspects of a wider part of the city. This article presents the first findings of wider research, which analyses the link between bottom-up practices and the concept of urban regeneration. In particular, this article focuses on an element that appears to be fundamental for the development of these bottom-up urban regeneration practices: the presence of vacant buildings available for the reuse. This article suggests the possibility to analyse how vacant buildings are embedded in these practices through three steps, called steps for the regeneration through the reuse of vacant buildings (SteRVs), namely Recognition, Appropriation and Design. The validity of the three phases is demonstrated through a multiple case study analysis, that considers two renowned bottom-up urban regeneration cases developed in Europe mainly after 2000: Farm Cultural Park, in Favara (Italy) and NDSM wharf, in Amsterdam.
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Ramiel, Hemy, and Adam Lefstein. "‘Bottom-up governance’: discourse, practices and the duality of the state." Cambridge Journal of Education 52, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0305764x.2021.1973373.
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Sato, Shigeki. "The nihonjinron in daily practices: Yoshino's “bottom‐up” approach to nationalism." Nations and Nationalism 25, no. 4 (September 5, 2019): 1116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nana.12553.
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Marradi, Chiara, and Ingrid Mulder. "Scaling Local Bottom-Up Innovations through Value Co-Creation." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 17, 2022): 11678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811678.
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Bottom-up initiatives of active citizens are increasingly demonstrating sustainable practices within local ecosystems. Local urban farming, sustainable agri-food systems, circular supply chains, and community fablabs are exemplary ways of tackling global challenges on a local level. Although promising in accelerating towards future-proof systems, these hyper-localized, bottom-up initiatives often struggle to take root in new contexts due to embedded socio-cultural challenges. With the premise that transformative capacity can be co-created to overcome such scaling challenges, the current work addresses the identified gap in scaling bottom-up initiatives into locally embedded ecosystems. While how to diffuse such practices across contexts is not straightforward, we introduce a three-phased approach enabling knowledge exchange and easing collaboration across cultures and ecosystems. The results allowed us to define common scalability criteria and to unfold scaling as a multi-step learning process to bridge identified cognitive and context gaps. The current article contributes to a broader activation of impact-driven scaling strategies and value creation processes that are transferable across contexts and deemed relevant for local ecosystems that are willing to co-create resilient socio-economic systems.
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Utomo, Slamet, and Titis Sulistyowati. "Asynchronous Online Learning: Top-down and Bottom-up Processes for Listening Practices." Language Circle: Journal of Language and Literature 16, no. 2 (April 27, 2022): 413–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/lc.v16i2.34047.
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Asynchronous learning can be the best choice to provide a new learning environment during the pandemic situation because asynchronous environments treat students as autonomous learners. Students can learn with no time limitation, and students can learn on online activities independently. E- EFL learning can be done by adopting asynchronous learning. This study examined the asynchronous learning effect on the students listening skills. This learning also adopts the principle of top-down and bottom-up listening strategies. Teachers modify and develop the listening activities to meet the students' needs by using the Google Form link. In this research, the researchers introduce news items as listening resources. The researchers conducted this study to study the listening proficiency of first-semester students before and after implementing the top-down and bottom-up listening processes in asynchronous learning environment. This experimental research is one group pretest and posttest only. To determine the effectiveness of the asynchronous top-down and bottom-up listening processes, the researchers used the Wilcoxon test to analyze the significant difference between the pre and posttest. The researchers conclude that the top-down and bottom-up process in listening is suitable for teaching news items. The paired sample test proved a significant difference between the pre and posttest data which then indicates that the students' listening comprehension on news items increases significantly. Asynchronous learning offers students many advantages while they are practicing online listening. Problems and listening difficulties challenge the teachers to develop the learning management for further achievement.
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Chon, Harah. "Systems Thinking for Bottom-Up Social Innovation: An Examination of Social Practices." Strategic Design Research Journal 13, no. 2 (October 29, 2020): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4013/sdrj.2020.132.03.
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The principles of sustainability and social design have been widely adopted to develop new models of community practice, engagement and innovation. Considering the growing interest of social practices and sustainable models, systems thinking provides an opportunity to further frame and organise various design activities to develop a deeper understanding of the spaces of impact through social innovation. This paper examines the practices of existing social enterprise models and the complexities involved in implementing new structures for community involvement through co-creation, co-design and facilitation. Cybernetics, as a way of looking at and engaging with systems, is discussed to position the role of the designer. Using mapping as a visualisation tool and conversational activity, case-studies are evaluated to provide a broad framework of bottom-up systems thinking through participatory methods to enhance social and cultural values.
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Han, Peng, Anne-Violette Lavoir, Cesar Rodriguez-Saona, and Nicolas Desneux. "Bottom-Up Forces in Agroecosystems and Their Potential Impact on Arthropod Pest Management." Annual Review of Entomology 67, no. 1 (January 7, 2022): 239–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-060121-060505.
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Bottom-up effects are major ecological forces in crop–arthropod pest–natural enemy multitrophic interactions. Over the past two decades, bottom-up effects have been considered key levers for optimizing integrated pest management (IPM). Irrigation, fertilization, crop resistance, habitat manipulation, organic management practices, and landscape characteristics have all been shown to trigger marked bottom-up effects and thus impact pest management. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the role of bottom-up effects in pest management and the associated mechanisms, and discuss several key study cases showing how bottom-up effects practically promote natural pest control. Bottom-up effects on IPM also contribute to sustainable intensification of agriculture in the context of agricultural transition and climate change. Finally, we highlight new research priorities in this important area. Together with top-down forces (biological control), future advances in understanding ecological mechanisms underlying key bottom-up forces could pave the way for developing novel pest management strategies and new optimized IPM programs.
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Sanchez-Escobar, Marlene Ofelia, Julieta Noguez, Jose Martin Molina-Espinosa, Rafael Lozano-Espinosa, and Genoveva Vargas-Solar. "The Contribution of Bottom-Up Energy Models to Support Policy Design of Electricity End-Use Efficiency for Residential Buildings and the Residential Sector: A Systematic Review." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 10, 2021): 6466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206466.
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Bottom-up energy models are considered essential tools to support policy design of electricity end-use efficiency. However, in the literature, no study analyzes their contribution to support policy design of electricity end-use efficiency, the modeling techniques used to build them, and the policy instruments supported by them. This systematic review fills that gap by identifying the current capability of bottom-up energy models to support specific policy instruments. In the research, we review 192 publications from January 2015 to June 2020 to finally select 20 for further examination. The articles are analyzed quantitatively in terms of techniques, model characteristics, and applied policies. The findings of the study reveal that: (1) bottom-up energy models contribute to the support of policy design of electricity end-use efficiency with the application of specific best practices (2) bottom-up energy models do not provide a portfolio of analytical methods which constraint their capability to support policy design (3) bottom-up energy models for residential buildings have limited policy support and (4) bottom-up energy models’ design reveals a lack of inclusion of key energy efficiency metrics to support decision-making. This study’s findings can help researchers and energy modelers address these limitations and create new models following best practices.
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Shang, Guowen, and Shouhui Zhao. "Bottom-up multilingualism in Singapore: Code choice on shop signs." English Today 33, no. 3 (November 2, 2016): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026607841600047x.
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Characterized by a politically censorious and highly regulated society, Singapore is widely considered to be one of the most sophisticated authoritarian systems in history (Lee, 2005). As in many other public and private domains, the government, well known for its paternalistic attitude (Schiffman, 2003), usually practices an active interventional policy on linguistic life, which is extensively explored in language planning and policy study. However, in a few areas where less official intervention is exercised, the linguistic reality has received relatively scant attention. This study sets out to examine to what extent grassroots individuals can use shop signs to express their personal inclinations regarding language use, which may partly demonstrate the virtual vitality of various languages in the multilingual society.
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Vyas, Shaili, Pradeep Aggarwal, Sadhna Singh, Deepshikha ., Rakesh Kakkar, and S. D. Kandpal. "Empowering the future mothers: a bottom up approach." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 10 (September 22, 2017): 3614. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20174220.
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Background: In India, marriage at an early age is still common and unfortunately any institution does not provide any education either regarding safe maternal health and infant care. The first two years of child are very crucial for infant development and it is quite evident that the well-being and nutrition of the child and his or her future is totally dependent upon the knowledge of the mother that she has about child care. The aim of the study was to evaluate the awareness of breastfeeding amongst young female students from three different teaching institutions i.e. school, nursing and medical and to evaluate the influence of educational intervention on them.Methods: Dehradun has total 6 blocks of which 1 block was selected randomly i.e. CBD Doiwala. For selection of school, one school was randomly selected from the list of schools under CBD Doiwala. Out of 75 schools going young females 71 participated in the study. 66 Students each of 3rd Year Nursing and 3rd Year MBBS students of HIMS participated in the study.Results: In school girls scaling of awareness was maximally seen in average duration of breastfeed (35%) and adequacy of each breastfeed (27%). In nursing students scaling was maximum in awareness regarding breastfeeding a baby in HIV/TB infected mother (85%) and positioning of baby (52%), similarly, in medical students also, it was maximum in HIV/TB infected mother (81%) and positioning of baby during feeding (48%).Conclusions: Educational intervention is an effective tool to improve awareness regarding breastfeeding practices.
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Zahar, Alexander. "A Bottom-Up Compliance Mechanism for the Paris Agreement." Chinese Journal of Environmental Law 1, no. 1 (June 23, 2017): 69–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24686042-12340005.
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The article discusses the development of the Paris Agreement’s provision on a compliance mechanism contained in Article 15 of the agreement. There is a risk that a compliance mechanism set up as a separate body within the new regime will be duplicative and dysfunctional. Keeping state parties to their Paris Agreement obligations can be achieved, instead, through the elaboration of pre-existing and already well-developed reporting-and-review processes under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (unfccc). In the past, these have generated sufficient pressure on states to maintain compliance with their unfccc obligations, and are likely to have the same effect for the new treaty. The fact that the Paris Agreement does not impose any onerous new obligations on states is a reason to continue to rely on existing processes. I show that the separate compliance body envisaged by the Paris Agreement has no obvious way to improve on the diffuse ‘compliance mechanism’ currently operating under the unfccc. The most efficient approach to ‘Paris Agreement compliance’, therefore, would be to delay implementation of the Article 15 mechanism and allow current practices, suitably modified, to continue for as long as their performance is satisfactory.
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Cremaschi, Marco, Flavia Albanese, and Maurizio Artero. "Migrants and Refugees: Bottom-Up and DIY Spaces in Italy." Urban Planning 5, no. 3 (July 28, 2020): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v5i3.2921.
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The term ‘arrival city’ was notoriously introduced by Saunders (2010) to indicate all places which provide first access to the city. For Saunders, migrants from rural third world villages confront the same challenges in their home country or abroad. The informal neighbourhood in developing countries is thus advocated as a model for cities in western countries. Through an ethnographic approach, the article considers emerging practices of refugees and migrants in the centre of Milan and in a small town on the outskirts of Rome investigating a varied set of reception models. In conclusion, the article revises the model of the arrival neighbourhood while criticizing the underlying assumption of informal development. Instead, it insists on the need for understanding the specific requirements of arrival places for better regulation of the reception of migrants.
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Panda, Biswambhar. "Top Down or Bottom Up? A Study of Grassroots NGOs’ Approach." Journal of Health Management 9, no. 2 (May 2007): 257–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097206340700900207.
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NGOs deploy multiple approaches to achieve their objectives. These may broadly be classified as bottom up and top down. While a bottom-up approach emphasises local decision making, community participation and grassroots mobilisation/movements, the top-down approach focuses on lobbying and bargaining with the decision-making authorities such as government agencies, building up of pressures through various campaign mechanisms, advocacy activities, etc. This article draws insights from the literature and begins with a discussion on approaches undertaken by grassroots NGOs to meet their objectives. At the outset, the article ponders over a set of questions such as whether grassroots NGOs essentially follow a bottom-up approach. If so, why? Do they also intend to establish rapport with the state officials and thereby have say in the decision-making process? If so, how do they pursue it? This article, however, operationalises the bottom-up approach in terms of an array of indicators such as awareness building efforts of NGOs, people's participation in different phases of projects, and people's involvement in creating people's institutions. Similarly, it defines top-down approach on the basis of indicators such as NGOs’ participation in advocacy activity, obtaining support from government authority and obtaining favourable court verdicts. Despite the rhetoric, this article conclusively finds that no grassroots NGO practices either a bottom-up or top-down approach exclusively.
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Deffner, Jutta, Jan-Marc Joost, Manuela Weber, and Immanuel Stiess. "Bottom-Up Strategies for Shared Mobility and Practices in Urban Housing to Improve Sustainable Planning." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 8, 2021): 2897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052897.
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Recent years have seen the development of numerous innovations in social, constructional, and transportation planning for different forms of communal housing. They illustrate how more sustainable practices in transport and land use can be achieved through the collective provision and use of space and mobility services. The question remains, however, of who needs to be involved in such bottom-up approaches and when in order to ensure their success. What changes are necessary to anchor these approaches in the wider context of urban and transport planning? This paper presents three examples of neighbourhood mobility concepts and the collaborative use of space and land. A research project accompanied the development of these concepts in a real-world laboratory design. The scientists used social-empirical methods and secondary analyses to evaluate social and ecological effects, economic viability and the process of joint development. The results show the high sustainability potential of such neighbourhood concepts: they enable residents to meet their mobility needs, while using fewer vehicles through shared use, reducing the number of journeys and changing their choice of transport. At the same time, promoting and developing community services has been shown to be inhibited by preconditions such as existing planning law. Opportunities and obstacles have been identified and translated into recommendations for action, focusing on municipal urban planning, transport planning, and the housing industry.
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Öztekin, Elif Erdoğan, and A. İdil Gaziulusoy. "Designing Transitions Bottom-up: The agency of design in formation and proliferation of niche practices." Design Journal 22, sup1 (April 1, 2019): 1659–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14606925.2019.1594999.
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Singto, Chakaphon, Luuk Fleskens, and Jeroen Vos. "Institutionalizing Participation in Water Resource Development: Bottom-Up and Top-Down Practices in Southern Thailand." Water 10, no. 6 (June 13, 2018): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10060781.
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Habibi, Zaki. "“It’s Okay to be Slow:” Witnessing the Articulation of Connected Practices by Creative Collectives in Indonesia and Malaysia." Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik 26, no. 1 (July 25, 2022): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsp.71856.
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This article focuses on the everyday responses of the local creatives in dealing with the problematic single narrative of creative cities. Aiming to understand the everyday creative and media practices of individuals in the creative collectives that are situated in emerging creative cities in Southeast Asia, the research specifically addresses key contemporary debates within the field of urban media and communication studies. The article gives priority to the voices of the city dwellers from a bottom-up approach, looking at the material and embodied practices in their everyday life. Empirically, this article seeks the alternative voices raised by the members of selected creative collectives - four collectives in Bandung, Indonesia, and four others in George Town, Malaysia - in articulating the meaning of creativity, the media practices involved within, and the organic ways of organizing urban collectives. Drawing insights from the notion of articulation and media practice, and by employing both ethnographic and visual methodology approaches, in particular the use of the photo-documentation method, there are three key thematic findings elaborated here. These themes are (1) social settings in media-related practices, (2) material objects and sensitive affection, and (3) the labor of love. The ways in which these are discussed, using a combination of ethnographic vignettes and photo collages, foreground the importance of cultural identity articulation practiced by the creative collectives in both cities. Thus, the interlinkage between mediated experiences, spatial practices, and visual contexts is also a key significant aspect in the analysis of these bottom-up, organic urban creativities.
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Zhang, Lin, Youfan Chen, Yuanhong Zhao, Daven K. Henze, Liye Zhu, Yu Song, Fabien Paulot, et al. "Agricultural ammonia emissions in China: reconciling bottom-up and top-down estimates." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 1 (January 12, 2018): 339–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-339-2018.
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Abstract. Current estimates of agricultural ammonia (NH3) emissions in China differ by more than a factor of 2, hindering our understanding of their environmental consequences. Here we apply both bottom-up statistical and top-down inversion methods to quantify NH3 emissions from agriculture in China for the year 2008. We first assimilate satellite observations of NH3 column concentration from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) using the GEOS-Chem adjoint model to optimize Chinese anthropogenic NH3 emissions at the 1∕2° × 2∕3° horizontal resolution for March–October 2008. Optimized emissions show a strong summer peak, with emissions about 50 % higher in summer than spring and fall, which is underestimated in current bottom-up NH3 emission estimates. To reconcile the latter with the top-down results, we revisit the processes of agricultural NH3 emissions and develop an improved bottom-up inventory of Chinese NH3 emissions from fertilizer application and livestock waste at the 1∕2° × 2∕3° resolution. Our bottom-up emission inventory includes more detailed information on crop-specific fertilizer application practices and better accounts for meteorological modulation of NH3 emission factors in China. We find that annual anthropogenic NH3 emissions are 11.7 Tg for 2008, with 5.05 Tg from fertilizer application and 5.31 Tg from livestock waste. The two sources together account for 88 % of total anthropogenic NH3 emissions in China. Our bottom-up emission estimates also show a distinct seasonality peaking in summer, consistent with top-down results from the satellite-based inversion. Further evaluations using surface network measurements show that the model driven by our bottom-up emissions reproduces the observed spatial and seasonal variations of NH3 gas concentrations and ammonium (NH4+) wet deposition fluxes over China well, providing additional credibility to the improvements we have made to our agricultural NH3 emission inventory.
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Di Francesco, Michael, and Rafael Barroso. "Bottom-Up Costing Within Medium Term Expenditure Frameworks: A Survey of Practices in Selected OECD Countries." Public Budgeting & Finance 35, no. 3 (September 2015): 44–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pbaf.12069.
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Guillemot, Hélène. "Connections between simulations and observation in climate computer modeling. Scientist’s practices and “bottom-up epistemology” lessons." Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 41, no. 3 (September 2010): 242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsb.2010.07.003.
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Seixas, Paulo Castro, and Nadine Lobner. "Transformational Communities: A Programmatic Ambivalence as a Learning Path for the Cognitive Planet." Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 6 (November 29, 2018): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n6p152.
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The following article outlines a proposal of a Programmatic Ambivalence as learning path, built from bottom-up and top-down Agendas (Minimalist/Maximalist) of the Sustainable Development Goals. This discussion is placed in the framework of the 2030 Agenda, as well as in the challenge of the Anthropocene. The idea of a Lobby of People is referred for the replication of learning experiences as transformational plans everywhere. To contribute to the importance of a circulation between bottom-up and top-down construction, challenging exploratory models through transformed Communities of Practices are presented.
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Chandler, David. "Rethinking the Role of the Armed Forces in Statebuilding: From Annihilation to Acceptance." Revista de Estudos e Pesquisas Avançadas do Terceiro Setor 2, no. 2 (August 18, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.31501/repats.v2i2.10401.
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This article analyses how international statebuilding has shifted from ‘problem-solving’ towards a new discursive regime of acceptance and affirmation. It seeks to explore how the shift to ‘bottom-up’ or ‘post-liberal’ approaches in the early 2000s led to a focus upon epistemological barriers to intervention and an appreciation of complexity. It then describes a process of reflection upon statebuilding as a policy practice, whereby the need to focus on local context and relations, in order to take problems seriously, begins to further undermine confidence in the Western episteme. In other words, the ‘bottom-up’ approach, rather than resolving the crisis of policy practices of statebuilding, seems to have further intensified it. It is argued that the way out of this crisis seems to be found in the rejection of the aspiration to know from a position of a ‘problem-solving’ external authority and instead to ‘unlearn’ from the opportunities opened up through the practices of exploring and engaging with the ‘other’.
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Halal, William Emitt, Jess Garretson, and Owen Davies. "Updating strategy for a high-tech world: constant change from the bottom up and the outside in." foresight 24, no. 1 (October 25, 2021): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-02-2021-0051.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is as follows: update the 1983 survey to determine the strategic practices being used in 2020, draw conclusions on major organizational changes since the original 1984 study and recommend how leaders could use these findings to plan for strategic change. Design/methodology/approach This research updates an earlier study to learn how strategic planning and foresight are changing to cope with today’s high-tech world. The first author’s 1983 General Motors survey of “Strategic Planning in the Fortune 500” was updated by surveying 68 managers from 40 organizations to assess the current state-of-the-art. Results outline the leading edge of strategic practices today, illustrated by comments – from the respondents. Findings show a striking change from the earlier survey. Where strategic planning was formerly restricted to a top management function, respondents strongly think it should now include all units across the organization to form a bottom-up system. They also think it should extend to active participation from employees, customers, suppliers and other outside stakeholders. The main conclusion is that leaders should be developing the sophisticated systems that have been anticipated for many years but have rarely been practiced – strategic change from “the bottom up and the outside in.” Findings These results provide a rough assessment of the current state-of-the-art in strategic foresight. Research limitations/implications This study is limited because the sample was not randomly selected to provide a rigorous study that permits accurate statements for a well-defined population and the sample size is modest. Practical implications The first conclusion affirms that the strategic planning cycle remains the primary theoretical framework guiding strategy. However, the planning cycle is increasingly elaborated by new practices summarized in the second two conclusions described above. As noted, the need for strategic change now cuts across all organizational functions and levels. With massive change a constant, there is a move to decentralize strategy to agile units able to move quickly and hierarchical structures are being replaced with adaptive systems and innovative cultures. Managers are also broadening their methods to facilitate planning with stakeholders. Sound sources of information are considered a must and include direct communication with diverse and dissenting voices. Social implications While bottom-up systems and stakeholder management have been discussed endlessly, the time seems right to move these powerful concepts from the leading edge that remains marginalized and into the mainstream of strategic foresight and management practice. Scholars and researchers should evaluate the level of participation in these models, their effectiveness and possible improvements. Strategic managers should start implementing these changes carefully, rather than introducing emerging technologies, advanced products and other organizational changes. Originality/value This study replicates a landmark survey of Strategic Planning in the Fortune 500. Results show that organizations should now implement crucial changes to operate from the bottom up and the outside in.
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Zha, Qiang, and Qiubo Yang. "A Quiet Revolution in Chinese Universities: Experimental Colleges." International Higher Education, no. 77 (September 1, 2014): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2014.77.5685.
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A quiet revolution might now be observed internally in Chinese universities, along with emergence of a group of experimental colleges/schools. These experimental units showcase a bottom-up approach to exercising democratic governance, whereby many grassroots initiatives could be identified and brought into the practices, and they are more likely to tap autonomous practices into existing operations, often in a genuine and innovative way.
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Arshad Ali, Asif, Asif Mahmood, Ayyaz Ahmad, and Amir Ikram. "Boosting Up Operational Performance of Manufacturing Organizations through Interpretive Structural Modelling of Enabling Practices." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (May 25, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8645343.
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For achieving world-class performance and competitiveness in today’s global highly complex environment and competition, there is an immense pressure on manufacturing organizations having limited resources to pursue operational excellence in terms of productivity and quality, reduce cost, and provide high-quality products in shorter lead times. Identification of representative practices affecting operational performance (OP) and understanding of mutual dependence among those practices will improve the performance of manufacturing organizations with available resources. A sample of 10 experts of academicians and senior company managers from different functional areas of large-scale textile, sugar, and cement industries were surveyed to identify critical practices influencing OP and then to develop the relationships among them. It also identifies those practices that support other practices (driving practices) and also those that are most influenced by other practices (dependent practices). Firstly, through in-depth review of relevant literature, 10 most influencing practices were identified. Then expert elicitation was employed, and a hierarchical structure was established by using interpretive structural modelling (ISM) technique. After determining driving and dependence power of practices, classification or clusters of these practices were made through an additionally carried out MICMAC (cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification) analysis. The results contribute that lean management, organizational culture, ISO 9001 (quality management system), and human resource management practices indicate strong driving power and are at the bottom of ISM model. This is a novel and useful application of ISM to identify inherent interactions among these practices and construct a structural graph. With the help of this strategic understanding, researchers and practitioners will be able to identify the focal areas and to pay more attention to driver practices to effectively incorporate them at their strategic and operational levels and the effectiveness in addressing these driver practices will influence the OP to a large extent.
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Grabkowska, Maja. "Between gentrification and reurbanisation: The participatory dimension of bottom-up regeneration in Gdańsk, Poland." Geografie 120, no. 2 (2015): 210–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2015120020210.
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Urban regeneration has become a key issue in the development of contemporary cities. The paper discusses bottom-up regeneration practices performed by inhabitants of a decaying inner-city neighbourhood under post-socialist conditions, which differ notably from the widely researched Western European context. Results of a qualitative study in Wrzeszcz Dolny, Gdańsk, have indicated the leading role of newcomers to the area in animating bottom-up regeneration efforts, which in turn translate into an activation and integration of the local community. Thus, it is argued that an in-migration into the inner city, usually interpreted as gentrification, does not necessarily generate losses for the indigenous inhabitants but can also bring a desired social change and significantly contribute to the building of inclusive civil society. The presented case study therefore signals the need for a careful investigation and precise labelling of the post-socialist inner-city transformation processes, as well as demonstrates how increasing participation might be employed as the potential antidote to ills associated with gentrification.
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McAnany, Emile G. "Social Entrepreneurship and Communication for Development and Social Change." Nordicom Review 33, Special-Issue (December 1, 2012): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nor-2013-0036.
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Abstract This article argues that social entrepreneurship has not yet been adequately defined even though it is increasingly being used in social change/development practice. Muhammad Yunus, creator of the Grameen Bank and microlending, and Bill Drayton, founder of the global change agency Ashoka, have practiced social change through social entrepreneurship for more than 30 years. Increasingly, the development community has been adopting many of its practices. The basic process of social entrepreneurship involves: defining a social goal for the solution of a serious problem; innovation in solving the problem; ability to expand the organization to serve large numbers of people (scaling up); focusing on the social bottom line with empirical evidence (impact evaluation). Three cases are briefly reviewed to illustrate this process. Finally the article examines how these practices might help Communication for Development (C4D) to better adapt its own practices in achieving real change with people.
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Tomor, Zsuzsanna. "The Citipreneur." International Journal of Public Sector Management 32, no. 5 (July 8, 2019): 508–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-02-2018-0060.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of local entrepreneurs, embedded in both the civil and the business arena, in creating public value by establishing strategic collaboration around smart technologies. Design/methodology/approach The paper suggests a novel – the local entrepreneurial – type of smart bottom-up initiative between civil grassroots and market-based initiatives. This idea is further evolved in the paper to define the patterns of this alternative type of smart bottom-up initiative. For this purpose, the paper conducts a case study of a community-based sustainable energy and mobility system launched by a local entrepreneur in Utrecht, the Netherlands. Findings The local entrepreneur has played a catalyzing role in public value creation by initiating and upscaling cooperative practices around smart technologies. This success has mainly been achieved due to the entrepreneurial attitudes of pioneering and risk-taking as well as the capability to bridge between the state, the market and society to accelerate urban sustainability transition. Practical implications This paper offers a practical illustration of the potential of local entrepreneurs to evolve cooperative practices with smart technologies for societal change. It also shows the vital role of local governments in the achievement of bottom-up initiatives contributing to urban smartness. However, in the case of commercializing initiatives, governments also need to take a balancing role to safeguard the needs of all citizens based on fairness and equity, which is at the core of public value creation. Originality/value The study adds to the citizen participation literature by revealing a novel type of active citizen grasping technological opportunities to mobilize networks to cooperate for the collective good. The research also contributes to a better understanding of the bottom-up smart city as a form of governance, and its advantages as well as drawbacks concerning public value creation.
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Fung-Kee-Fung, Michael, and Wojtek Michalowski. "Business school teams up with clinical innovators: An opportunity for health system transformation." Healthcare Management Forum 32, no. 4 (May 19, 2019): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0840470419842364.
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Healthcare represents one of the largest sectors in the economy with the health spending on average accounting for about 9% of GDP in OECD countries. Canada was projected in 2018 to spend about 11% of its GDP on healthcare with an expected health expenditure growth of 4.2%. Addressing this issue asks for a redesign of health delivery system and associated cultural shift allowing for incorporation of industry and business best practices. To make this redesign happen, system transformation requires seeking out new institutional mechanisms, partnerships, and forums where industry leaders in business and healthcare can develop a top-down approach with a shared vision, shared best practices, and support coming from a bottom-up approach through pilots and scaling-up initiatives. In this article, we describe one successful partnership initiative—Telfer Health Transformation Exchange at the Telfer School of Management at the University of Ottawa.
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Abbott, Marilyn. "An Introspective Study of Arabic and Mandarin-Speakers’ Reading Comprehension Strategies." TESL Canada Journal 28, no. 1 (November 3, 2010): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v28i1.1058.
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Little L2 reading strategy research has explored the effect of linguistic and cross-cultural differences on strategic reading habits. This study attempted to fill this void by examining the reading strategies that Arabic and Mandarin speaking immigrants employed when reading and answering Canadian Language Benchmarks Assessment reading comprehension items. A chi-square analysis of their bottom-up and top-down strategy use revealed that the Mandarin-speakers used bottom-up strategies significantly more than expected, whereas the Arabicspeakers used top-down strategies more than expected. The findings of the study are discussed in the light of earlier research, and some preliminary implications for reading strategy instruction, strategy training studies, and test development practices are suggested.
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Bøllingtoft, Anne. "The bottom-up business incubator: Leverage to networking and cooperation practices in a self-generated, entrepreneurial-enabled environment." Technovation 32, no. 5 (May 2012): 304–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2011.11.005.
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Cruz, Cristiano Codeiro. "Decolonizing Philosophy of Technology: Learning from Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches to Decolonial Technical Design." Philosophy & Technology 34, no. 4 (November 10, 2021): 1847–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13347-021-00489-w.
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AbstractThe decolonial theory understands that Western Modernity keeps imposing itself through a triple mutually reinforcing and shaping imprisonment: coloniality of power, coloniality of knowledge, and coloniality of being. Technical design has an essential role in either maintaining or overcoming coloniality. In this article, two main approaches to decolonizing the technical design are presented. First is Yuk Hui’s and Ahmed Ansari’s proposals that, revisiting or recovering the different histories and philosophies of technology produced by humankind, intend to decolonize the minds of philosophers and engineers/architects/designers as a pre-condition for such decolonial designs to take place. I call them top-down approaches. Second is some technical design initiatives that, being developed alongside marginalized/subalternate people, intend to co-construct decolonial sociotechnical solutions through a committed, decolonizing, and careful dialog of knowledge. I call them bottom-up approaches. Once that is done, the article’s second half derives ontological, epistemological, and political consequences from the conjugation of top-down and bottom-up approaches. Such consequences challenge some established or not yet entirely overcome understandings in the philosophy of technology (PT) and, in so doing, are meant to represent some steps in PT’s decolonization. Even though both top-down and bottom-up approaches are considered, the article’s main contributions are associated with (bottom-up) decolonial technical design practices, whose methodologies and outcomes are important study cases for PT and whose practitioners (i.e., decolonial designers) can be taken as inspiring examples for philosophers who want to decolonize/enlarge PT or make it decolonial (that is, a way of fostering decoloniality).
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Turk, Brendan K., Charlie Shackleton, and Kevin Whittington-Jones. "Prevalence of sustainability reporting practices of listed companies on established and emerging stock exchanges." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 16, no. 1 (February 26, 2013): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v16i1.234.
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The business sector has a substantial role in addressing current environmental issues and concerns. Consequently, there is a growing adoption of corporate sustainability principles and practices across all market sectors. This study examined four developed and four emerging stock markets and the sustainability reporting practices of the top 20 and bottom 20 companies in each. The results illustrate that the developed market sector was more advanced in its corporate sustainability reporting, both in the proportion of companies issuing a sustainability report (approximately 60 per cent) and the proportion of company webpages dedicated to sustainability reporting. This difference was largely due to the effect of the top 20 companies. There was little difference between developed and developing markets when only the bottom 20 companies were considered, of which less than one-third provided sustainability reports. These results show that sustainability reporting is prevalent in both developed and developing markets, especially among market leading companies, but that overall, most developing markets have some catching up to do.
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Dorji, Tshewang. "Gender Responsive Pedagogy Awareness and Practices." International Journal of Linguistics and Translation Studies 1, no. 2 (July 23, 2020): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlts.v1i2.21.
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The discussion on gender in education is not new in Bhutan. The policies, program and political will for years aimed to achieve gender equality. Despite numerous program, strategies and policies in various forms, there is less studies done to examine its effectiveness. The main aim of this study was to find out how teachers are aware and adopt gender responsive pedagogy in their day to day teaching learning process. This study was carried out in one higher secondary school under Thimphu Thromde with mixed method by adopting non-probability convenient sampling techniques. Data was collected through test, observation and face to face interview with teachers. SPSS version 22 was used to analyze test score via mean, standard deviation and one sample t-test. The findings revealed that teachers do not know much on gender and gender responsive pedagogy. There was also less attention paid to language use, class room set up, classroom interactions and use of text books. This study recommended the Royal University of Bhutan, Ministry of Education, Royal Education Council and school to conduct professional development, training and sensitize all education stakeholders on gender responsive school and pedagogy. The Ministry of Education and schools should carry out capacity development for teachers and education officials to enable them to adopt gender responsive skills in their day to day teaching learning process and to promote positive mind set on gender equity with a bottom up approach.
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Das, Purba. "Vernacular Discourses of Disruption in Alternative Digital Space." Communication, Culture and Critique 14, no. 3 (June 25, 2021): 513–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ccc/tcab038.
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Abstract This article explores the discursive strategies employed by Dalits and other marginalized groups to highlight inspirational stories of bottom-up change across rural India. These agential narratives are featured in the community-run alternative digital media portal, Video Volunteer’s series, “Videos that Created Change.” I contend that marginalized groups’ articulation of structural change against systemic oppression takes the form of vernacular discursive practices, which foreground place-based identities and regional languages. Such newly emerging digital media practices have the potential to disrupt the hegemonic mainstream template of marginalized citizens’ abject victimhood.
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Wasserman, Varda, Ilan Dayan, and Eyal Ben-Ari. "Upgraded Masculinity: A Gendered Analysis of the Debriefing in the Israeli Air Force." Gender & Society 32, no. 2 (January 7, 2018): 228–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891243217750106.
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This article examines the importation of new gender ideals into a highly masculine organization through top-down and bottom-up processes. We analyze how a dominant group of men undo and redo gender to reproduce their supremacy and create a new, “improved” form of masculinity. Based on qualitative research on the practice of debriefing in the Israel Air Force, we explore how new practices of masculinity are incorporated into a hegemonic masculinity by introducing so-called “soft” organizational practices and thus constructing a new form of “upgraded” masculinity. We show that pilots are involved in two continual and dialectical processes of performing masculinity. The first includes top-down practices neutralizing opportunities to execute exaggerated masculine performances, including new technologies allowing recording and documenting of all flights, a safety discourse emphasizing the protection of human life, and organizational learning based on self- and group critiques aimed at improved performance. The second, a bottom-up process enacted by pilots, is aimed at restoring and mobilizing masculinity and includes rationalized professionalism, competitiveness, and patronizing. Taken together, these constitute a hybrid, “upgraded” masculinity where “soft” characteristics are appropriated by men to reinforce a privileged status and reproduce their dominance within and outside the military. Our case study focuses on the debriefing, a process in which air teams formally reflect on their performance after a particular task/event to improve it.
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Cheng, Eric C. K. "Managing records and archives in a Hong Kong school: a case study." Records Management Journal 28, no. 2 (July 16, 2018): 204–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rmj-02-2017-0004.
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Purpose This study aims to explore the principles and practices for managing records with the lens of functional analysis and knowledge management by using a case study that focuses on the experience of implementing records management at a public high school in Hong Kong. Design/methodology/approach A single case study is chosen as the research method for this paper. A series of qualitative interviews and documentary analysis were used to collect and triangulate the qualitative data. Findings The results show that the case school adopted a hybrid top-down and bottom-up approach to record management, facilitate decision-making and manage knowledge. The school adopted the taxonomy provided by the quality assurance framework as the functional classification in a digital archive in the records management system. Practical implications This study provides a set of taxonomy and a hybrid top-down and bottom-up approach to schools for ensuring that accurate information of all school activities is kept and can facilitate an effective and evidence-based, decision-making process. Social implications Identifying taxonomy and management practices for effective documentation in public schools can support planning, assist with organising the continuity of improvement plans and increase reporting and accountability to society. Originality/value This study offers a taxonomy and management approach to the literature of records management and the practices for promoting and improving records management in school.
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YSTRÖM, ANNA, and HEDVIG ASPENBERG. "OPEN FOR INNOVATION? PRACTICES SUPPORTING COLLABORATION IN SWEDISH REGIONAL CLUSTERS." International Journal of Innovation Management 21, no. 05 (May 31, 2017): 1740008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919617400084.
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While it could be argued that globalisation would diminish the importance of a company’s location, research has shown that in an increasingly complex, knowledge-based and dynamic economy, regional collaboration has in fact become a critical aspect of enhancing competitiveness, locally as well as globally. Still, in order to create sustainable, innovative and successful clusters, interaction and collaboration among its members is necessary, which is not always easy to accomplish and requires actions that stimulate bottom-up activity rather than top-down directives. Taking a practice-based perspective, this paper explores what cluster management do in their everyday activities to support collaboration among cluster members, based on a qualitative case study of 14 Swedish regional clusters and cluster initiatives. The paper contributes by outlining and discussing two distinct and essential practices–orchestrating and narrating.
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Cunningham, J. Barton. "Strategic Considerations in Using Action Research for Improving Personnel Practices." Public Personnel Management 24, no. 4 (December 1995): 515–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102609502400409.
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This paper offers a perspective on using the action research (A.R.) process to improve personnel practices, and illustrates this in a Canadian organization concerned with providing emergency services for those in need. After providing an overview of the action research process, this paper illustrates some of the personnel projects which were undertaken in developing job descriptions, a performance appraisal system for management, a strategic plan, an integrative labor relations process, and a team management process. It suggests that a number of strategic choices will affect the success of projects such as: (i) defining the relationship between organizational versus A.R. activities, (ii) changing people versus changing structures, (iii) using power versus integrative strategies, (iv) resolving technical versus people problems, (v) information gathering versus facilitation, and (vi) top versus bottom-up change.
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Morris, Kate, and Brid Featherstone. "Investing in Children, Regulating Parents, Thinking Family: A Decade of Tensions and Contradictions." Social Policy and Society 9, no. 4 (September 3, 2010): 557–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746410000278.
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This article describes the contested and underdeveloped backdrop to ‘“whole family” approaches’, whereby families with care and protection needs are caught in a conflicting set of policy and practice expectations concerning responsibility to care whilst being positioned as families that fail. Questions are raised about how supported families are to navigate their way through these permissive and punitive policies and practices. We suggest that there is an urgent need for more ‘bottom–up’ research informed by the ethic of care to develop the kinds of policies and practices that might make it more possible for them to do so.
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Pickton, Miggie. "Facilitating a research culture in an academic library: top down and bottom up approaches." New Library World 117, no. 1/2 (January 11, 2016): 105–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nlw-10-2015-0075.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider why and how a research culture might be established in an academic library and to describe and evaluate efforts to achieve this at the University of Northampton. Design/methodology/approach – Contextualised within current literature on this topic, the paper examines the top-down and bottom-up approaches taken to facilitate practitioner research in one academic library. Findings – The approaches taken have led to a significant increase in practitioner research activity from library staff, resulting in a variety of enhancements to library services; a number of innovative practices being shared with the professional community through conference presentations and publications; and consequent rise in profile and reputation for individuals, the department and the university. Practical implications – The paper offers a wide range of ideas and practical suggestions for encouraging and facilitating practitioner research in an academic library. These include incorporating research activity into job descriptions and annual performance reviews; facilitating peer support for research; and providing competitive research awards, research training opportunities and funding for staff presenting at external events. Many of these require relatively little resource, yet offer significant benefit to those involved. Originality/value – It is rare, and maybe unique in the UK, for an academic library to attempt to instil a research culture throughout its staff and to provide ongoing resources, activities and practical support for this. The many positive outcomes from this work demonstrate its success and value. The experiences described in this paper are transferable to other academic and research libraries and, if replicated, have the potential to increase librarians’ engagement in research activity, promote research-informed practice and stimulate interest in library and information research across the sector.
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Purba, Debora E., and Agung Minto Wahyu. "The Effectiveness of Community Participation in Urban Water Supply: A Narrative Review." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1111, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1111/1/012083.
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Abstract Debates on the effectiveness of top-down versus bottom-up approaches in water management in urban areas are still ongoing. This study examines the effectiveness of community participation as a bottom-up approach. The narrative review is employed to describe 16 cases of community participation. Three themes emerge from the case studies: the success story and failure of community participation from outside of Indonesia, lessons learned and best practices of community participation from Indonesia, and self-supply as an alternative water provision. Then a discussion of the findings based on the themes found in the literature was carried out. The study found that community participation would be successful if the participatory elements were satisfied, including sufficient capacity and knowledge of the community involved to ensure meaningful participation, involving local government in the education of how to manage and conserve water supply, and involving women in project sustainability. Hence, a pure community participation approach, particularly in disadvantaged urban areas, cannot be achieved. Therefore, a holistic approach combining a top-down and a bottom-up approach is recommended. Self-supply water provision emerged as another method that has largely been ignored by the government and academia but serves as a common practice, particularly in developing countries.
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Capitanio, Marco. "Participatory place management in the age of shrinkage." Journal of Place Management and Development 11, no. 4 (October 8, 2018): 447–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-06-2017-0056.
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Purpose This paper aims to focus on citizen participation as a crucial place management factor in Tokyo’s shrinking suburbs as a way to facilitate the goal of retaining and attracting population and improving townscape quality. This research qualitatively examines participatory practices in place management and place branding strategies in one case study. Design/methodology/approach A historical overview of participatory place management in Japan introduces the case study of Kunitachi City, in the western periphery of Tokyo, chosen because of its peculiar development tied to bottom-up practices, high-quality built environment and strong identity. Analysis was carried out by means of literature review in Japanese and English, interviews and extensive fieldwork between 2015 and 2017. Findings A certain degree of conflict between progressive and reactionary participatory practices can be beneficial to place management, and local governments should seek ways to actively support and grant legal status to civic involvement. Moreover, high-quality unique built space, achieved through participatory actions, is a prime tool to brand peripheral areas and foster the pride of residents. Originality/value In a context where municipalities need to devolve more and more responsibilities to their inhabitants, Kunitachi has emerged as a best practice thanks to a high degree of civic capital. While there is no ready-made recipe to be replicated, other areas should closely examine the efforts by this municipality to sustain bottom-up involvement, yielding the benefits of an attractive city image created by its own residents.
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Belda-Miquel, Sergio, Victoria Pellicer-Sifres, and Alejandra Boni. "Exploring the Contribution of Grassroots Innovations to Justice: Using the Capability Approach to Normatively Address Bottom-Up Sustainable Transitions Practices." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (April 30, 2020): 3617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093617.
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There is growing interest in the potential of grassroots innovations for the transition towards more just and sustainable societies. Nevertheless, there is lack of clear normative discussion regarding these processes. The paper strives to propose and test a framework that enables an analysis of how and in which sense specific grassroots innovation processes may be contributing to the construction of more just societies. To this end, we connect elements of the multi-level perspective on sociotechnical transitions (frequently used in the analysis of grassroots innovations) with elements of the capability approach, which offers a multi-dimensional perspective to justice. The framework is used to address two purposively selected empirical cases in two key sectors in Spain: an energy cooperative and a food purchasing group. We draw on the information of 25 individual interviews with members of these two cases, on observation, and on secondary sources. Information was processed by means of a qualitative content analysis. We draw on predefined categories from the framework, which was refined during the analysis. The paper illustrates that grassroots innovations may be contributing to justice in several aspects: they expand capabilities in different dimensions, improve public reasoning processes, and create better structural conditions for human flourishing. Nevertheless, these processes are not free of tensions and contradictions.
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Jin, Chenggang, Adrian Ely, Lijie Fang, and Xiaoyun Liang. "Framing a global health risk from the bottom-up: User perceptions and practices around antibiotics in four villages in China." Health, Risk & Society 13, no. 5 (August 2011): 433–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13698575.2011.596188.
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Cruz Arcila, Ferney. "The Wisdom of Teachers’ Personal Theories: Creative ELT Practices From Colombian Rural Schools." Profile: Issues in Teachers´ Professional Development 20, no. 2 (July 1, 2018): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/profile.v20n2.67142.
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Stemming from a study of what it is like to teach English in rural Colombia considering both English language teaching policy and social challenges of these contexts, this paper explores different locally grounded English language teaching practices. Through the analysis of teachers’ narratives and field observations, four examples of such practices are discussed. These examples highlight how teachers intuitively tend to make the most of their expertise, the limited resources available, and the local lingua-cultural repertoires in an attempt to help students make sense of English. From the perspective of language teaching as a socially sensitive practice, findings suggest that teachers’ own experiential and situational knowledge constitutes a powerful platform from which valuable bottom-up practices are and can further be devised.
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Schiffer, Anne. "Collective capabilities: overcoming energy scarcity through power sharing." Journal of the British Academy 9s7 (2021): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/jba/009s7.085.
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The research explores the intersection of social relations and energy capabilities in the Global South. Specifically, it provides insight into everyday �sharing practices� in overcoming electricity scarcity. This is based on a decade of regular immersions in a rural Gambian community which was supported by a range of qualitative methods including observations and semi-structured interviews. Findings suggest that energy capabilities can be improved at different scales in the community through sharing practices that are historically rooted in social norms and values. This is conceptualised here as collective energy capabilities for mitigating energy scarcity. However, currently sharing practices do not easily translate into sustainable and bottom-up management of collectively used or owned energy assets to achieve more systemic shifts towards democratic models of energy for all.
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Jacobson, Joseph O., Michael N. Neuss, Kristen K. McNiff, Pamela Kadlubek, Leroy R. Thacker, Frank Song, Peter D. Eisenberg, and Joseph V. Simone. "Improvement in Oncology Practice Performance Through Voluntary Participation in the Quality Oncology Practice Initiative." Journal of Clinical Oncology 26, no. 11 (April 10, 2008): 1893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.14.2992.
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Purpose The Quality Oncology Practice Initiative (QOPI) became available to all American Society of Clinical Oncology member physicians in 2006 as a voluntary medical oncology practice-based quality measurement and improvement project. QOPI assesses practice performance for a series of evidence- and consensus-based process measures, relying on practices to complete structured chart reviews and submit data via a secure Web-based portal. Methods This analysis focused on the 71 practices that participated in both the March and September 2006 data collections (7,624 charts abstracted in March and 10,240 in September). Among 33 measures common to both collections, five measures were closely correlated, and 28 are included in the final analysis. Composite scores were created for six different domains of care. Statistical significance was tested on both absolute changes and relative changes (relative failure reduction) of quality measures from baseline to follow-up and between the lower quartile and all other quartiles. Results Practice performance on individual measures varied between 18.8% and 98.6%. Mean overall performance as measured by a composite score increased from 78.7% in March to 82.3% in September (P < .05). Improvement was most marked among practices originally performing in the bottom quartile. Using a composite score, the absolute and relative performance for the bottom quartile improved by 27% and 35%, respectively, statistically superior to that of all others. Conclusion Practices that participated in QOPI demonstrated improved performance in self-reported process measures, with the greatest improvement demonstrated in initially low-performing practices.
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Vincze, Enikő. "Manifestations of spatial injustice and institutional practices (re)producing them." Tér és Társadalom 35, no. 4 (December 6, 2021): 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17649/tet.35.4.3367.
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To address the manifestations of spatial injustices as illustrations of territorial underdevelopment, I utilize the divergent development framework that emphasizes the centrality of the state to development outcomes. By highlighting institutional practices, I stress the contribution of both the top-down and bottom-up agencies in making andpreserving some spaces in a deprived condition despite the agencies' declarative aim of offering solutions to reduce deprivations. Based on the RELOCAL research material, the ultimate aim of the article is to make a theoretical contribution to the interpretation of territorial underdevelopment as the result of a neoliberal spatial planning regime. After discussing its conceptual frameworks(in section 1), the article presents the brief historical summary of territorial inequalities in Romania (section 2) and the national territorial development policies (section 3). Afterwards, it examines some manifestations of territorial unevenness at the local level (section 4) and the local actions tackling spatial injustice (section 5).