Статті в журналах з теми "Boss/base"

Abstract This paper presents the development of a hybrid process combining forming of a superplastic zinc-aluminum sheet with injection molding. The product is a plastic part covered with a superplastic zinc-aluminum layer used mainly for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. This paper investigates the moldability of Zn/Al sheet covered plates with various bosses. The effects on the moldability of various parameters, including: melt temperature, injection pressure, sheet thickness, various boss shapes and boss location in the mold, are investigated. It is found that bosses formed with thick Zn/Al sheet and located close to melt entrance exhibit good moldability. Among boss geometries, boss depth is the most critical parameter; a little increase in boss depth sharply lowers the mold-ability. Large angle improves moldability. To help interpret the effects of geometrical parameters, sheet deformation is observed by measuring the deformations in printed-grids and thickness. The base circle of the boss is found to be the most severely deformed region. The thickness reduction ratio in the center of base circle could help predicting moldability.

This work aimed to study the deformation characteristics and microstructure of AA6063 aluminum alloy component with complex shape manufactured by cold orbital forming processing. The material flowing behavior was analyzed by Finite Element (FE) simulation and forming experiments were carried out using bar blank with different lengths. The microstructure of the boss zone cut from the formed samples was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD). FE simulation and experiment results both showed the aluminum base can be formed using cold orbital forming process. The distributions of the effective strain of the component with different blank lengths were almost the same, and the effective strain was bigger at the boss and the flash as the forming finished. The material flow is complex, especially in the boss, and the folding defect was observed at the root of the boss. The distribution of Mg2Si strengthening precipitate is more homogeneous in the matrix, has a different shape, and shows directivity at different position of boss zone. The grains are elongated, and the extent is different at different positions of the boss zone after cold orbital forming, and the crystal orientation discrepancy is smaller in the component main body and bigger in the boss zone. Subsequent forming process and blank optimization need to be further researched to improve forming quality.

The increasing trend of the employed female workforce, subsequently, augment their work associated with the employed male workforce. Hence, it provides a significant basis to undertake a research study for exploring employee working experience with opposite gender boss. The present qualitative research is based on ontological philosophical assumption having social constructivism as an interpretive framework and uses a phenomenological approach to extract the essence of employees lived working experience with an opposite gender boss. A semi-structured interview of not more than an hour was conducted with each of the 5 {Females (3) and Male (2)} employees of private higher education institute. The research reveals instead of boss's gender the employee working experience is based on Boss's Personality, Leadership Style and Professionalism. Further, the "Work Efficiency" and "Professionalism" of both male and female subordinates' increases while working with opposite gender boss. However, in terms of "Career Development" male bosses concentrate on developing subordinate's knowledge while female on the position. Also, Boss's personal conduct i.e. his/her age, dressing, and schedule don't contribute to subordinate's development. The research findings amplify knowledge base of employee working experience with opposite gender boss that can also be used to conduct further studies and solidify the subordinate-supervisor relationship.

The shrinkage cavity defect of the extruded boss is harmful to the quality of fine blanking workpiece and process. To suppress the shrinkage cavity defect, firstly, the boss extrusion is simulated to analyze main features of metal flow and the causes of the shrinkage cavity defects; secondly, some parameters affecting the material flow, such as the size of die and punch, blank holder force, friction coefficient, sheet thickness and counter force, are studied to figure out their influences on the depth of shrinkage cavities respectively; finally, the process parameters of a special workpiece are selected according to research results above, and experiment verified that the selected parameters can suppress the shrinkage cavity defect pertinently. In the paper, the shrinkage cavity defect is systematically studied for the first time, and this provides the base to design and optimize the extruded boss feature in fine blanking process.

In hard disk drive manufacturing common uses ball swaging. It is a process that used to assemble a boss tower and an arm aperture. The swage ball has a larger diameter than an inner diameter of the boss tower. Application a compression force to the inner surface of the boss tower to hold both components together with adequate holding force and without damaging the boss tower components result in HGA torque retention. Measurements of HSA KPIV after swaging obtained from deformation of base plate and arm pad together. Due to hard disk drive is dynamically developed by increasing in the areal density and reducing in size, thus the arm pad is thinned. This study focuses on reducing of the swage effect by control outer arm pad deformation to maintain HSA performance. HGA torque retention was considered to reduce gap to arm and to avoid HSA resonance while swaging quality was similar. The 3-D FE method was used for analysis. The analysis and experiment show that HGA torque retention and the arm aperture modified was almost linear. Furthermore, the reduction of arm deformation and gap to arm cause increasing in HSA performance. The arm aperture can be modified for manufacturability.

O presente artigo coloca em questão a compreensão tradicional da psicossomática por meio da dicotomia soma e psique e a relação de causalidade presente nessa tradição para, então, mediante uma perspectiva crítica, propor outra compreensão, com base na fenomenologia-hermenêutica de Heidegger e a Daseinsanálise de Boss. Este coloca, ainda, em questão a denominação psicossomática que mantém a dualidade da qual se pretende libertar.

Two new species of Nemesia Vent, are described from South Africa. Nemesia fourcadei is an annual with small white flowers, a yellow-orange pubescent palate, and violet lines at the base of the upper lip. It differs from the similar looking N. lucida Benth. by having larger flowers with a more prominent spur (mostly 3.5—4.5 mm long vs 1.5 mm) and a pubescent palate. N. fourcadei is known from only two locations in the southern Cape. N. elata is a facultative perennial with white flowers, a lavender to purple reverse, and a white or very pale yellow palate. It is known only from the Langeberg and Oute-niqua Mountains between Swellendam and Montagu Pass. It is closest to N. fourcadei. but differs from that species by its more robust habit, the absence of a boss inside the corolla tube at the base of the hypochile, and a spur that is violet to purple at the base.

This work mainly focuses on designing a novel aluminum alloy 6061-T6 pressure vessel liner intended for use in launch vehicles. Fabrication of custom-made welding fixtures for the assembly of liner parts, namely two hemispherical domes and end boss, is illustrated. The parts of the liner are joined using the cold metal transfer welding process, and the welding trials are performed to arrive at an optimized parametric range. The metallurgical characterization of weld joint reveals the existence of dendritic structures (equiaxed and columnar). Microhardness of base and weld metal was 70 and 65 HV, respectively. The tensile strength of base and weld metal was 290 and 197 MPa, respectively, yielding a joint efficiency of 68%. Finite-element analysis of a uniaxial tensile test was performed to predict the tensile strength and location of the fracture in base and weld metal. The experimental and predicted tensile test results were found to be in good agreement.

Introduction There is widespread variation in the management of rare orthopaedic disease, in a large part owing to uncertainty. No individual surgeon or hospital is typically equipped to amass sufficient numbers of cases to draw robust conclusions from the information available to them. The programme of research will establish the British Orthopaedic Surgery Surveillance (BOSS) Study; a nationwide reporting structure for rare disease in orthopaedic surgery. Methods The BOSS Study is a series of nationwide observational cohort studies of pre-specified orthopaedic disease. All relevant hospitals treating the disease are invited to contribute anonymised case details. Data will be collected digitally through REDCap, with an additional bespoke software solution used to regularly confirm case ascertainment, prompt follow-up reminders and identify potential missing cases from external sources of information (i.e. national administrative data). With their consent, patients will be invited to enrich the data collected by supplementing anonymised case data with patient reported outcomes. The study will primarily seek to calculate the incidence of the rare diseases under investigation, with 95% confidence intervals. Descriptive statistics will be used to describe the case mix, treatment variations and outcomes. Inferential statistical analysis may be used to analyze associations between presentation factors and outcomes. Types of analyses will be contingent on the disease under investigation. Discussion This study builds upon other national rare disease supporting structures, particularly those in obstetrics and paediatric surgery. It is particularly focused on addressing the evidence base for quality and safety of surgery, and the design is influenced by the specifications of the IDEAL collaboration for the development of surgical research.

Introduction There is widespread variation in the management of rare orthopaedic disease, in a large part owing to uncertainty. No individual surgeon or hospital is typically equipped to amass sufficient numbers of cases to draw robust conclusions from the information available to them. The programme of research will establish the British Orthopaedic Surgery Surveillance (BOSS) Study; a nationwide reporting structure for rare disease in orthopaedic surgery. Methods The BOSS Study is a series of nationwide observational cohort studies of pre-specified orthopaedic disease. All relevant hospitals treating the disease are invited to contribute anonymised case details. Data will be collected digitally through REDCap, with an additional bespoke software solution used to regularly confirm case ascertainment, prompt follow-up reminders and identify potential missing cases from external sources of information (i.e. national administrative data). With their consent, patients will be invited to enrich the data collected by supplementing anonymised case data with patient reported outcomes. The study will primarily seek to calculate the incidence of the rare diseases under investigation, with 95% confidence intervals. Descriptive statistics will be used to describe the case mix, treatment variations and outcomes. Inferential statistical analysis may be used to analyze associations between presentation factors and outcomes. Types of analyses will be contingent on the disease under investigation. Discussion This study builds upon other national rare disease supporting structures, particularly those in obstetrics and paediatric surgery. It is particularly focused on addressing the evidence base for quality and safety of surgery, and the design is influenced by the specifications of the IDEAL collaboration for the development of surgical research.

The department is part of the Human Resources directorate and comprises Kathryn Gardner (clerical officer), Janette Thorpe (administrator), Carl Hunter (adviser) and Michele Pomphrey (manager). Our boss is Jon Lenney Director of HR. We work across all of the hospitals and, as for many in the Trust, this involves a lot of travelling. Our administrative base is at the Royal Lancaster Infirmary. The department is small, particularly considering the size of the Trust. We do not take total responsibility for all the training and development of the 5000 staff who work for the Trust. There is a range of people within the Trust with educational, training and developmental responsibilities: most are professionally qualified staff and managers, together with those with special responsibility such as fire officers, resuscitation training officers, educational clinical supervisors and the clinical education manager.

Background: Clinical training in health and social care educations are important in the development of professional competence. Evidence indicates that there are major quality differences in clinical practice in health- and social studies.Purpose: To examine what key players related to clinical practice in nursing and social education believes provides quality.Method: Focus Group Interview where students, supervisor and teachers participated in all groups.Results: Students learning in practice presupposes a knowledge base of the student, a learning environment with adapted responsibilities and coping capabilities, and a relationship with the supervisor who promotes both recognition and needed correction. The supervisor's role can be strengthened through individual competence, clearer support from boss and co-workers, and more emphasis on triangular cooperation with the college.Conclusion: There is a large overlap in the understanding of what in practice is all about quality. The perspectives of the three actors appear primarily as mutually complementary.

Abstract. We describe here five new bovid crania from the Çorakyerler fossil site (Tüglu Formation, Çankırı Basin, north-central Anatolia, Turkey), the fauna of which is dated by magneto- and biostratigraphy to the late Miocene, around the Vallesian–Turolian boundary. The material is assigned to a new bovid taxon of medium-to-large size, Gangraia anatolica gen. and sp. nov., characterized by horn cores that are long, keelless, compressed, obliquely inserted on the frontals, transversally ridged, moderately diverging from each other, slightly twisted homonymously, and sigmoidally curved in lateral view with long, fairly straight tips. The horn core features, along with the presence of a single large sinus occupying the pedicle and the base of the horn core, a strong cranial flexion, a short braincase, the presence of a distinct dorsal parietal boss, wide-apart temporal crests, and a widened anteriorly basioccipital, indicate a mixture of caprine-like and alcelaphine-like features that relate Gangraia anatolica gen. and sp. nov. to the Alcelaphini–Caprini–Hippotragini clade.

Resumo Este artigo busca refletir sobre a dualidade entre soma e psique, que tende a obscurecer a unidade originária a partir da qual esses dois entes podem aparecer e serem compreendidos. Em seguida, conduz o leitor para uma compreensão crítica, lidando com aspectos da tradição em psicossomática e com base na fenomenologia-hermenêutica de Martin Heidegger e na Daseinsanalyse de Medard Boss. Tanto o filósofo alemão quanto o psiquiatra suíço operam não somente a desconstrução da ótica tradicional, mas também do próprio conceito de psicossomática. Mostram que o modo de acesso ao fenômeno produz a dicotomia, sendo, portanto, necessário modificá-lo a fim de apreender o que está em jogo no problema do corpo e do adoecer, isto é, a própria existência do homem que se revela todo o tempo através do corporar (Leiben), que é sempre gesto. Este último significa, em Heidegger, toda expressão do homem, indissociável de seu existir no mundo como Dasein. Este estudo tem a expectativa de contribuir na busca de outros fundamentos para a prática do cuidado psicológico em saúde.

This article discusses how experiments on microgravity plan to test the equations for flame behavior prediction. Houston is home to the Johnson Space Center, NASA’s headquarters for manned space flight programs. Ellington, a military base, serves as the space center’s home airport. NASA keeps a plane there called the Guppy, a freighter designed to ferry massive structures like those that will eventually wind up enlarging the International Space Station. The Guppy has a profile like Flipper swollen several stories high. The first time the team from Birmingham submitted its proposal, the idea was turned down, largely because of safety questions. The proposal went into rewrite and came back with a number of specific answers to questions of safety. The components for the experiment and the team’s trip to Houston were paid for largely by the Southern Co., a southeastern energy company where Hayes worked as a research intern when he was a student. He had talked to his boss, Steve Wilson, about money to support the microgravity experiment.

Abstract: There is a permanent demand from the operational military echelons to have C2 systems up and running in terms of hours from the moment of request. Even more, complementary C2 systems should be available in real time, all the time. The areas of specializations of different BOSs that a C2 system should integrate or make use of the exchanged data put a high pressure on the software architecture and the technological stack the C2 solution should be based on. We develop C2 software solutions that offer core services to military organizations, from tactical echelons to tactical-operational echelons. Deploying the same solution on several nodes is not an easy task. Maintaining, but improving with new functionalities a software solution already deployed on the field is a complex tax, requires a sophisticated logistic process, long planning and execution phases. In time, discrepancies could appear among different installed versions and is hard to maintain such configurations. Aiming to offer to Romanian Army a C2 software solution that is fast, modern, scalable, easy to deploy, capable to run online 24/24h we switched to a cloud technological stack for our C2 solution and we intend to have the same C2 base platform on all our future deployments.

El presente artículo se centra en el estudio de familias cuyo padre emigra a los Estados Unidos de América (EUA), dejando a su esposa e hijos en México, algunas veces con la esperanza de reunirse eventualmente o en otras con la claridad de que vivirá una temporada “aquí” y otra “allá”, una pauta que ha sido descrita ampliamente por autores como Suárez-Orozco, Todorova y Louie (2002) y denominada como “pérdida ambigua” (Boss, 2001). El objetivo general del estudio fue describir las estrategias de afrontamiento de los miembros de familias cuyo padre emigra a los Estados Unidos por períodos prolongados. Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo para estudiar el fenómeno en una comunidad de Zapopan, Jalisco, México. Se describen los recursos de afrontamiento de estas familias durante la separación, así como los conceptos de parentalización y responsabilidad filial, que están insertos en el “estrés relacional” que implica el fenómeno de la migración. La teoría de la Terapia Familiar Estructural también sirvió de base para demostrar cómo los miembros de una familia con el padre emigrado logran mantener la imagen/autoridad paterna ante su ausencia, además de que se encontró la existencia de un apoyo de la familia extensa ante la ausencia del padre. Finalmente se observó una comunicación continua y significativa del padre con su familia como una estrategia de afrontamiento eficaz. Se concluye que los miembros de la familia que se quedan en el país de origen ven a la ambigüedad (estar/no estar), como el principal factor a afrontar durante la separación.

The existing reversible data hiding methods in encrypted domain separate image encryption from information embedding and do not make full use of the redundant space in the process of image encryption. In order to improve the performance of reversible data hiding by using the technical characteristics of image encryption, a reversible data hiding method based on McEliece error correction is proposed. Firstly, the segmentation position of bit plane is determined according to the embedding requirement and texture characteristic, and the image is divided into high and low significant bits. Secondly, because of the error-correcting characteristic of McEliece encryption, reversible data embedding can be realized while encrypting low significant bits. Then, the high significant bits are compressed to reserve space for the ciphertext extension of the low significant bits. Finally, the whole high significant bits information is stream-encrypted. As long as the image receiver has the decryption key, the image can be restored without distortion. By concealing the relationship between error correction and secret information mapping, the concealment of secret information transmission can be realized. In addition, due to different processing for different pixels, it can be efficiently transmitted with low computational complexity for applications that only need general images. The simulation results show that this scheme can not only realize the separable operation of information extraction and image recovery but also resist the noise attack to a certain extent. The maximum embedding rates of 10 standard images from USC-SIPI and 50 standard images from BOSS-BASE are 2.228 and 2.323 bpp, respectively.

Context. The determination of the stellar initial mass function (IMF) of massive galaxies is one of the open problems in cosmology. Strong gravitational lensing is one of the few methods that allow us to constrain the IMF outside of the Local Group. Aims. The goal of this study is to statistically constrain the distribution in the IMF mismatch parameter, defined as the ratio between the true stellar mass of a galaxy and that inferred assuming a reference IMF, of massive galaxies from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) constant mass (CMASS) sample. Methods. We took 23 strong lenses drawn from the CMASS sample, measured their Einstein radii and stellar masses using multi-band photometry from the Hyper Suprime-Cam survey, then fitted a model distribution for the IMF mismatch parameter and dark matter halo mass to the whole sample. We used a prior on halo mass from weak lensing measurements and accounted for strong lensing selection effects in our model. Results. Assuming a Navarro Frenk and White density profile for the dark matter distribution, we infer a value μIMF = −0.04 ± 0.11 for the average base-10 logarithm of the IMF mismatch parameter, defined with respect to a Chabrier IMF. A Salpeter IMF is in tension with our measurements. Conclusions. Our results are consistent with a scenario in which the region of massive galaxies where the IMF normalisation is significantly heavier than that of the Milky Way is much smaller than the scales 5 − 10 kpc probed by the Einstein radius of the lenses in our sample, as recent spatially-resolved studies of the IMF in massive galaxies suggest.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the motivations and challenges faced by three groups of micro and small entrepreneurs in Jamaica, as well as factors that might contribute to their success. Success was operationally defined in the study as profit. Design/methodology/approach Data from a survey of 192 micro and small entrepreneurs in the urban informal sector of Jamaica were used in the study. The design tracked a descriptive survey approach with multivariate analysis. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data with some open-ended flexible questions. The structured questionnaires with Likert-type items were used to increase the reliability and the validity of the responses obtained. The open-ended questions were used to gain a better understanding of the background and experience of the respondents and to allow for diverse reactions. Findings Results showed that entrepreneurs are motivated by opportunities to create a job for themselves, to increase their income, to be their own boss and control their own destiny, to gain personal security, to acquire personal wealth and build equity for their retirement. Factors that are perceived critical for their success include working hard, displaying good customer service skills, increase in sales, attracting new customers and selling quality goods and services at competitive prices. Major business problems were identified as weak economy, low sales volume, lack of adequate capital, poor infrastructure, crime and violence and too much competition. Research limitations/implications The results of this research may lack generalizability because of the research approach, design and methodology. Practical implications Implications for policymakers, practice of entrepreneurship in Jamaica as well as information for the academic and research institutions are presented in the paper. Originality/value There are numerous management and economic issues that may be addressed by local and regional initiatives through this study. The government, other policy makers, profit and not-profit organizations may therefore need to look more closely at entrepreneurial education and training, advertising and promotion expertise, technology and other infrastructural development to better assist micro and small entrepreneurs. Additionally, leveraging the local academic, scientific and research base through the creation of technology transfer offices will be critical to entrepreneurial success.

Burial monuments are an important element of the spiritual culture of the Przeworsk population of the Western Buh region. The main type of burials was cremation in an urn or earthen pit. The cremation rite had dominated throughout its existence, but there are cases of inhumation burials. Borrowing from the Celts, the population of the Przeworsk culture buried weapons, ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2022, № 1 143 jewelry, personal items and pottery. Almost all items were intentionally damaged. There are cases of intentional damage to small items: brooches, spurs, scissors, pins, needles, etc. One of these burial complexes was discovered by the so-called «black diggers» and transferred to the Lviv Regional Council «History and Local Lore Museum». The burial complex contained a ritually bent double-edged sword, a shield handle and a spearhead, which were connected to each other, an iron brooches and a ritually damaged shield boss. The four iron spurs were connected in pairs. The funeral rite and the items found in the burial have numerous analogies on the monuments of the Przeworsk culture in Poland and Western Ukraine. Among the total number of burials of the Przeworsk culture, burials with swords stand out. Obviously, the presence of a sword is an evidence of the high social status of its owner. The set of features of the material found in the burial allows us to confidently date it to the phase C1a—C2 of the Late Roman period (middle — end of the 3rd century AD). The advance of the bearers of the Przeworsk culture to the south and east in this chronological period was accompanied by local military conflicts. In any case, the Przeworsk population in the region of the Western Buh was an integral part of ethnic and cultural processes that lasted throughout the 3rd century. The formation of the source base of funerary monuments of the Przeworsk culture in the future will make it possible to identify certain regional features in topography, funeral inventory and ritual actions. Given that the study of monuments of this archaeological culture in Ukraine remains low.

Введение. Актуализирована проблема рефлексии современного образования в его возможностях реализации научно обоснованных социокультурных интеграционных взаимодействий светского и религиозного компонентов в современном образовательном процессе. Цель – выявление философских и социокультурных оснований интеграционных процессов, осуществляющихся в светском и религиозном образовании в современной России. Материал и методы. Исследование опирается на методологию коммуникативного действия (Хабермас Ю., 2007), в рамках которой осуществляется возможность коммуникации религии и образования. Кроме того, используется методология диалогового характера взаимодействия всех структур общества (Библер В. С., 2000). Объект исследования – современное российское образование. Предмет – социокультурное взаимодействие религиозного и светского компонентов в российском образовании. Методами выступают аналитический обзор и сравнительный анализ познавательных процессов. Результаты и обсуждение. Существует концептуальная разница в светской и религиозной культурах и в соответствующих им культурных менталитетах. Обе культуры в образовании, в зависимости от внешних и внутренних факторов, структурируются в соответствии с принципиально различными вариантами. Они могут исключать друг друга либо органично сочетаться, выявляя высокую степень синтеза. Заключение. При наличии двух моделей образования – светского и религиозного, направленных на разные цели и использующих разные подходы, интеграция светского и религиозного знания ждет более глубокого социокультурного, философского, психологического обоснования. Необходим конструктивный диалог относительно обнаружения общих для философии, науки и религии черт, характеристик и ценностей, организация просветительской работы среди научной общественности по теме единства основополагающих жизненесущих ценностей науки и религии. Напряженная, противоречивая современность вызывает необходимость комплементарного, выстроенного по принципу дополнительности отношения к религиозному и светскому компонентам образования. Присутствие религиозного компонента создаст в образовании гуманитарную атмосферу высокой духовности и морали. Introduction. The problem of reflection of modern education in its possibilities of implementing scientifically grounded socio-cultural integration interactions of secular and religious components in the modern educational process is actualized. Today, the attention of researchers is attracted to the problem of identifying sociocultural conditions for integration. Aim and objectives. The goal is to identify the philosophical and sociocultural foundations of the integration processes taking place in secular and religious education in modern Russia. Material and methods. The research is based on the methodology of communicative action (Habermas J., 2007), within which the possibility of communication between religion and education is realized. In addition, the methodology of the dialogical nature of the interaction of all structures of society is used (Bibler V.S., 2000). The object of the research is modern Russian education. The subject is the socio-cultural interaction of religious and secular components in Russian education. The methods are analytical review and comparative analysis of cognitive processes. Result and discussion. The result of the researches shows that there are the common problems between rational knowledge and religious faith, so the difficulties of interaction of secular and religious components of education is solved. Conclusion. Dialogue and communication between secular and religious cultures require greater methodological base. It is necessary because the boss components have common values and integration should take place.

Resumo:O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar de que modo se constroem ethé no discurso de defesa da então presidenta Dilma Rousseff (2011-2016), pronunciado quando do julgamento de seu impeachment (29 de agosto de 2016), bem como identificar as estratégias enunciativas de discurso de justificação utilizadas pela oradora. A fundamentação teórica está embasada nos estudos de Charaudeau (2011) sobre os tipos de ethé de credibilidade e de identificação no discurso político, e sobre as características de discurso de justificação. Como metodologia, procedeu-se por analisar o proferimento de Dilma no que se refere aos ethé de “sério”, de “virtude”, de “competência”, de “potência”, de “caráter”, de “inteligência”, de “humanidade”, de “chefe”, e de “solidariedade”, bem como por analisar o uso das estratégias enunciativas que justifiquem os atos políticos da oradora, com base na classificação das estratégias enunciativas de negação, de razão superior, e de não-intencionalidade, que constituem o discurso de justificação postulada por Charaudeau (2011). Dessa forma, os resultados apontam que Dilma Rousseff, em seu proferimento político, constrói alguns dos ethé por nós elencados (cf. CHARAUDEAU, 2011), quais sejam: os ethé de “sério”, de “virtude”, de “competência”; de “caráter”, e de “humanidade”. Além de justificar-se, predominantemente, pelas estratégias enunciativas de negação, da razão superior, e de não-intencionalidade, haja vista o contexto situacional do proferimento, o seu julgamento de impeachment, e sua defesa veemente de que não cometeu crime de responsabilidade fiscal.Palavras-chave: ethé de credibilidade; discurso de justificação; ethé de identificação. CREDIBILITY AND IDENTIFICATION ETHÉ AND JUSTIFICATION DISCOURSE IN DILMA ROUSSEFF'S DEFENSEAbstract:The present work aims analyzing the ethé of credibility and identification, as well as analyzing the enunciative strategies of justification discourse in the political pronouncement of Dilma Rousseff (2011-2016), pronounced at the time of her impeachment judgment. of August 2016. The theoretical foundation is based on the studies of Charaudeau (2011) about the types of ethé of credibility and identification in political discourse, and on the characteristics of justification discourse. As methodology, we proceeded to analyze Dilma's pronouncement relative to the ethos of “serious”, “virtue”, “competence”, “power”, “character”, “intelligence”, “humanity”. “boss”, and “solidarity”, as well as to analyzing the use of enunciative strategies to justify her political acts, based on the classification of enunciative strategies of negation, superior reason, and non-intentionality , which constitute the justification discourse postulated by Charaudeau (2011). The results indicates that Dilma Rousseff, in her political pronouncement, constructs some of the ethé listed (CHARAUDEAU, 2011), which are: ethé of “serious”, of “virtue”, of “competence”; of “character”, and of “humanity”. In addition to being predominantly justified by the enunciative strategies of negation, superior reason, and non-intentionality, given the situational context of the pronouncement, her impeachment judgment, and her vehement defense that she did not commit a crime of fiscal responsibility.Keywords: ethé of credibility; justification discourse; ethé of identification.

The hospitality industry is under intense pressure. COVID-19 restrictions and limited trading opportunities have forced restaurateurs to consider their pricing structures. Reflecting those concerns, Richard Corney, MD of the Inigo Coffee Group, proposed that the retail price of a cup of coffee needed to rise to between $6.50 and $7.00 to “take into account all the other cost increases hospitality establishments have experienced in the last decade, not to mention the challenges of the pandemic in the last two years” [1]. Alongside these revenue issues, the industry also needs to move away from a tradition of low pay and low value [2], and perhaps towards the concept of a ‘hospitable wage’ [3]. However, laudable as these goals might be, upward price movement may be resisted by many customers. So how can restaurateurs and hoteliers ‘sell’ revised-price-products to their customers? Clearly, increased revenue can be achieved through both marginal price increases and up-selling to increase average customer spend. We propose that both of these goals can be achieved if employers embrace the concept of hospitality as an experience [4, 5], where the performance of staff is central [6], and where the experience is delivered with ‘hospitality personality’. Much has been written about the personality of hospitality staff. Most of that work can be traced back to the early work of Erving Goffman [7] who proposed that hospitality employees were playing roles, and acting out, by using their emotional intelligence. Goffman likened such workers to actors who literally ‘take on’ a character. The characteristics of the hospitality personality have been explored by many authors [8–10] and include, agreeableness, extroversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and emotional stability; although some research also reveals that neuroticism is also a hospitality characteristic in hotel receptionists. Alongside this research, other studies have identified the role of mood and personality in positive guest experiences, specifically service quality perception and customer satisfaction [11]. This supports our suggestion that the performance of staff can have a direct impact on customer experience and potentially revenue, and that Corney’s price recommendation could be a realistic option for many businesses struggling economically. But there’s a ‘fly in the ointment’: the Tall Poppy Syndrome. Tall poppy syndrome originated around 500BC in ancient Rome, when King Tarquinius Superbus demonstrated how the nation should deal with its enemies. In an active display he lopped off the heads of the tallest poppies in his garden with a stick [12]. Today, tall poppies are conspicuously successful people, who may attract envy, resentment or hostility, and the Tall Poppy Syndrome (TPS) is the habit of others to diminish those who have attained excellence in a field – to cut them down to size [13]. While TPS is commonly associated with Australia and New Zealand, it is also part of other cultures. Within Scandinavian cultures, janteloven1 promotes humility and conformity paralleling TPS [15]; in Japanese culture, ‘the nail that sticks up gets pounded down’ [16]; and within Filipino culture a crab mentality exists whereby crabs in a bucket tend to pull back any adventurous crabs trying to escape [17]. TPS is often described as being ingrained in New Zealand culture [18] and has been identified as a phenomenon in New Zealand entrepreneurship and business [19]. While TPS encourages conformist cultures, our research provides a valuable insight into how employers can spot potential employees who actively resist notions of TPS’s conformity and are more likely to perform to the highest levels. Using Instagram, we interviewed 1000 young self-identifying New Zealanders to explore their qualitative experiences of TPS. They identified as 68% female and 32% male. Their age ranges were: 58% aged 18–24; 27% aged 25–34; 7% aged 35–44; 3% aged 45–54; and 2% aged 55 or above. Three percent of the respondents were excluded from our final sample because they were aged 17 or younger. The respondents’ feelings, victimhood, self-esteem, and knowledge about TPS provided our research with the largest amount of data. Of our 1000 participants, 50% knew what TPS was, while 50% did not. Similarly, 45% of our respondents claimed to be victims of TPS. Contrastingly, 55% had no experiences of TPS. Within those considerations, the data revealed clearly that TPS was perceived by participants as ‘something done to them’ and not as ‘something they do to other people’. Yet, and despite that difference, the pervasive nature of TPS within Kiwi socio-culture was noted by participants. Several participants recounted the cost of TPS; for example, “Definitely held me back. It can knock your confidence so much” and “Made me want to hide/play down my talents/my life.” Other participants perceived TPS “put-downs” (belittling or humiliating remarks) as a challenge or motivating force. They commented, “Uncomfortable but it pushed me harder to be even more successful” and “It motivated me. I realized people saw something in me and strived to continue improving.” For the 45% of our participants directly experiencing TPS, those experiences were grounded within two base reactions. Reflecting that, more than half of our participants adopted conformist behaviours, succumbing to the bullying pressures of others. However, 45% recognised TPS and its bullying as a motivator to create further behaviours and actions of excellence. The role of social media in TPS was significant. Participants directly linked TPS to social media with 89% of respondents recognising the role of social media in TPS. Key to their views was the realisation that social media not only provided distance between people but also that people used social media to manipulate the image they projected to others. In those ways, social media was a mediating factor. As participants observed, “Easier to be mean and cut someone down through a comment than to their face” and “Social media has made it easier to abuse and put down those that stand out.” Given the attributes of the hospitality personality, and Richard Corney’s proposed pricing restructures in hospitality, the key is for employers to consider the resilience of their staff to TPS and conformity. They should consider whether they can recruit and retain the 45% of staff that use TPS as inspiration to succeed – the staff who will rise the challenge of delivering exceptional customer experiences through their own performance of the ‘hospitality personality’. It is within the unique characteristics of these staff that hospitality businesses can generate that extra point of difference and experience that customers will be happy to pay a little more to enjoy; and perhaps hospitality businesses might go a step further by also considering the concept of the ‘hospitable wage’. Corresponding author Lindsay Neill can be contacted at: lindsay.neill@aut.ac.nz Note “Janteloven (the law of Jante) at its simplest describes the way that all Norwegians (and in fact, other Scandinavians too) behave: putting society ahead of the individual, not boasting about individual accomplishments, and not being jealous of others” [14]. References (1) Wilkes, M. We Need to Pay $7 for a Flat White if Cafes are Going to Survive, Says Coffee Boss, 2021. https://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/food-drink/drinks/127196374/we-need-to-pay-7-for-a-flat-white-if-cafes-are-going-to-survive-says-coffee-boss (accessed Dec 12, 2021). (2) Te Ora, N. Does Hospitality Have a Low Wages Problem? Workers Say Yes. Some Restaurant Owners Say No, 2021. https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/industries/125301113/does-hospitality-have-a-low-wages-problem-workers-say-yes-some-restaurant-owners-say-no (accessed Dec 10, 2021). (3) Douglas, J.; Williamson, D.; Harris, C. Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap: Creating “Hospitable Wages” through the Living Wage Movement. Hospitality & Society 2020, 10 (1), 3–22. (4) Hemmington, N. From Service to Experience: Understanding and Defining the Hospitality Business. The Service Industries Journal 2007, 27 (6), 747–755. (5) Lugosi, P. Hospitality Spaces, Hospitable Moments: Consumer Encounters and Affective Experiences in Commercial Settings. Journal of Foodservice 2008, 19 (2), 139–149. (6) Morgan, M.; Watson, P.; Hemmington, N. Drama in the Dining Room: Theatrical Perspectives on the Foodservice Encounter. Journal of Foodservice 2008, 19 (2), 111–118. (7) Goffman, E. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life; Doubleday: Garden City, New York, 1959. (8) Köşker, H.; Unur, K.; Gursoy, D. The Effect of Basic Personality Traits on Service Orientation and Tendency to Work in the Hospitality and Tourism Industry. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism 2019, 19 (2), 140–162. (9) Grobelna, A. Extraversion and its Importance in the Hospitality Workplace. Scientific Journal, No. 876, Economic Problems of Tourism 2015, 3 (31), 89–96. (10) Gonzalez-Gonzalez, T.; García-Almeida, D. J. Frontline Employee-Driven Change in Hospitality Firms: An Analysis of Receptionists’ Personality on Implemented Suggestions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 2021, 33 (12), 4439–4459. (11) Kocabulut, Ö.; Albayrak, T. The Effects of Mood and Personality Type on Service Quality Perception and Customer Satisfaction. International Journal of Culture, Tourism, and Hospitality Research 2019, 13 (1), 98–112. (12) Felton, D. Advice to Tyrants: The Motif of “Enigmatic Counsel” in Greek and Roman Texts. Phoenix 1998, 52 (1–2), 42–54. (13) Feather, N. T. Attitudes towards the High Achiever: The Fall of the Tall Poppy. Australian Journal of Psychology 1989, 41 (3), 239–267. (14) Nikel, D. What Exactly Is Janteloven? Life in Norway, 2015. https://www.lifeinnorway.net/what-exactly-is-janteloven/ (accessed Dec 10, 2021). (15) Ahlness A. Janteloven and Social Conformity in Thorbørn Egner’s Literature, 2014. http://ncurproceedings.org/ojs/index.php/NCUR2014/article/view/738 (accessed Oct 8, 2019). (16) Matsumoto, D. Culture and Self: An Empirical Assessment of Markus and Kitayama’s Theory of Independent and Interdependent Self-Construals. Asian Journal of Social Psychology 1999, 2, 289–310. (17) Licuanan, P. A Moral Recovery Program: Building a People – Building a Nation. In: Dy, M. B. (ed) Values in Philippine Culture and Education: Philippine Philosophical Studies, 1; The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy: Washington, DC, 1994, pp. 35–54. (18) Ockhuysen, S. It's Time to Do Better and Cut Tall Poppy Syndrome out of Our Culture. Stuff, Feb 20, 2020. https://www.stuff.co.nz/taranaki-daily-news/news/119627156/its-time-to-do-better-and-cut-tall-poppy-syndrome-out-of-our-culture (accessed Dec 11, 2021) (19) Kirkwood, J. Tall Poppy Syndrome: Implications for Entrepreneurship in New Zealand. Journal of Management & Organization 2007, 13 (4), 366–382.

The game entitled “Mathematics Integration on the Development of a 3d Action Role-Playing Game: The Light of End” used a 3d graphic presentation of characters, equipment, quest and monsters that were rendered using two powerful software: Unreal 4 and Blender 2.8. The researchers developed the base gameplay systems in C++ using Unreal 4. It is an action role-playing game with a combination of mathematical operations like addition and subtraction that the players need to solve to gain player’s stamina during combat battle. This helped gamers and students in the study of simple addition in mathematics because they need to answer the problems as quick as possible. The action role-playing game is based on the Philippine myths where characters like IbongAdarna, AnitunTabo, Maria Makiling, Bathala and Sitan were created, and proper blending / textures were carefully applied. This game has an open world where various quests can be selected like Forest, Caves, Castle and Ice Lands. Each quest contains different monsters and Boss. The player’s goal is to destroy or kill all the monsters and the final stage is to defeat the Boss during combat battle. Solving the addition problem that will appear during the battle will help the player to regenerate stamina that will surely help in defeating the Boss. Thus, this action role-playing game helped the player to develop critical thinking skills by solving addition problems and continue the quests successfully. Various assets / materials for the player to use were carefully designed and proper effects were applied. The game can be accessed even without internet connection. This is good for those students or players that would like to play the game but lack of data or no access to internet. Rad Methodology, which serves as a guide and steps in the development of the framework, was used by the researchers. Under Rad Methodology, the researchers cautiously followed activities under each phase: Planning for requirements, User Interface Design, Construction and Cutover. The evaluation of the respondents included seventeen (17) IT professionals, fifty-four (54) IT students, twenty-eight (28) Bulacan State University (BulSU) students, and ninety-one (91) non-BulSU students. It also demonstrates the interpretation of the mean distributions, which varies from Bad, Fair, Good, Very Good, and Excellent as the highest interpretation. The researchers devised an assessment instrument that is based on the Software Quality Model following a five-point Likert scale. The game got a computed total mean score of 4.76 with an Excellent evaluation.

The Norumbega Fault system is traced from southern New England to Prince Edward Island, and its major strike-slip history is pre-Carboniferous. Carboniferous and later movements are less well constrained. Along the Fredericton Fault in western New Brunswick, offsets affect outcrops of Carboniferous strata in several ways. Revision of Carboniferous stratigraphy in this area using new miospore data and mapping of new exposures augmented by LiDAR imagery permits refinement of some of the post-Devonian movement history. The oldest post-Silurian unit recognized, the Longs Creek Formation, is fault-dissected and tightly folded, with faults and folds overlapped by the unconformity at the base of the upper Visean Shin Formation. The age of the Longs Creek Formation is uncertain and may be late Devonian to early Visean. Faults affecting the Shin Formation and Royal Road basalts are truncated by the unconformity at the base of the Bolsovian Minto Formation. Beneath this unconformity the presence of fault-bounded panels of vertical Langsettian strata (Boss Point and Deerwood formations) along the Fredericton Fault demonstrate late Visean to Serpukhovian, and post-Langsettian, pre-Bolsovian (Duckmantian) movements. At least three phases of movement can be seen affecting the Minto Formation. All the movement phases along the Fredericton Fault appear to be right-lateral strike-slip, except for one phase of post-Bolsovian left-lateral displacement.

Abstract Problem How to build health work processes that are democratic, respect the socio-cultural characteristics of their territories and promote better health conditions for the population? After 30 years, the National Health System of Brazil faces great challenges to ensure equity, universality and comprehensiveness. For this, the models and organization of management and care must seek to guarantee care and health care in a democratic manner. In São Bernardo do Campo, institutional support was established as an important management tool for the qualification of work and health care processes. As of 2009, incorporated supporters to its team as a strategy for transforming health practices and consolidating the Health Care Network. Results The attributions of the institutional supporter are varied, comprehensive, non-standardized and focused on individual and collective care, respecting the autonomy and the ability of users to choose and decide about their lives. They promote debates, carry out case studies and problems of the territory. They act in an interprofessional manner and articulate services from the health network and other sectors in the territories. Lessons Institutional support encourages the teams' ability to identify needs and seek instruments to respond to them in specific territories in an interprofessional way, helping professionals and services to work in a network and collaboratively to achieve the prescribed health policies. But this work faces challenges because the supporter circulates in many spaces and is often seen as a homeless professional. The supporter mediates several conflicts, different interests and power relations to which he is also submitted, since he does not have a hierarchical relationship with the teams, he is not a boss, although he takes and brings information from the base to the summit and vice - conversely, he is a professional who is often caught in conflicts of interest between teams, users and management. Key messages Increase the teams' resolving capacity, in the face of health needs within particular social contexts and seeking to identify the needs of the population to produce more appropriate responses. Democratization of health care spaces, valuing differences in territories and uniqueness of professionals and the population.

“Man has, as it were, become a kind of prosthetic God. When he puts on all his auxiliary organs he is truly magnificent; but those organs have not grown on to him and they still give him much trouble at times” (Freud 37-39).Introduction and Background Self-tracking is not a new phenomenon. For centuries, people have used self-examination and monitoring as a means to attain knowledge and understanding about themselves. People would often record their daily activities (like food consumption, sleep and physical exercise) and write down accompanying thoughts and reflections. However, the advent of digital technology in the past decades has drastically changed the self-tracking sphere. In fact, the popularisation of self-tracking technology (STT) in mobile applications and wearable devices has allowed users to track daily activities on a closer and more accurate scale than previously affordable. Gary Wolf, the founder of a niche movement called the ‘Quantified Self’, suggested that “if you want to replace the vagaries of intuition with something more reliable, you first need to gather data. Once you know the facts, you can live by them” (Wolf). This reveals that STT has the capacity to guide users by virtue of the data collected and insights provided by the technology. Thus, instead of using intuition, which is potentially unreliable and subjective, data – finite and objective by nature – can be used to guide the process by providing definitive facts, figures and patterns. Arguably, this technologises users, allowing them to enhance their performance and capabilities by using STTs to regulate and monitor their behaviour. Hence, in this article, I position self-tracking technology (STT) as an interactive media technology, a tool for surveillance and regulation, and an “extension of man”. However, the use of and reliance on STT can compromise personal autonomy, and this journal article will investigate how users’ personal autonomy has been affected due to STT’s function as an extension of man, or a “prosthetic”. I use case study vignettes to investigate impacts on personal autonomy in three spheres: the workspace, relationships and the physical environment. Extending ManSTTs reconfigure our bodies in data form and implicate our personhood and autonomy. Human physicality has changed now that technology and data have become so integral to how we experience and view our bodies. STTs technologise human bodies, transforming them into data bodies, augmented and reliant on digital media. As Marshall McLuhan (63) put it: “In this electric age we see ourselves being translated more and more into the form of information, moving toward the technological extension of consciousness”. With the integration of STT into our daily lives, consumers increasingly rely on cues from their devices and applications to inform them about their bodies. This potentially affects the autonomy of an individual – since STT becomes an extension of the human body. In the 1960s, when the mass media was burgeoning, Marshal McLuhan proposed the idea that the media acted as an extension of man. STTs similarly act as an extension of users’ embodied capabilities and senses, since the data collected by these technologies is shared with users, allowing them to alter their bodies and minds, aiming to be as productive and effective as possible. In Understanding Media, McLuhan’s interpretation of electronic media was prescient. He anticipated the development of so-called “smart” devices, noting that, in the information age man “wears [his] brain outside [his] skull and [his] nerves outside [his] hide” (63). This is reflective of STT’s heavy reliance on sensor technology and smart technology. Simply examining how a Fitbit – a popular wearable self-tracking device – operates is illustrative. For instance, some Fitbits have an altimeter sensor that detects when the wearer is elevated, and hence counts floors. Fitbits also count steps using a three-axis accelerometer, which turns the wearer’s movements into data. Furthermore, Fitbit devices are capable of analysing and interpreting this acceleration data to provide insights about “frequency, duration, intensity, and patterns of movement to determine [users’] steps taken, distance travelled, calories burned, and sleep quality” (“Fitbit”). Fitbit relies on sensor technologies (“nerves”) to detect and interpret activities, and such insights are then transmitted to users’ smart devices (“brains”) for storage, to be analysed at a time of convenience. This modus operandi is not exclusive to Fitbit, and in fact, is the framework for many STTs. Hence, STTs have the potential to extend the natural capabilities of the human body to regulate behaviour.The WorkplaceThis notion of STT as a regulatory prosthetic is seen in its ability to enforce standardised norms on individuals by using surveillance as a disciplinary measure. STTs can enforce norms on users by transforming the workplace into a panopticon, which is an institutional structure that allows a watchman to observe individuals without them knowing whether they are being watched or not. STTs are used to gather data about performance and behaviour, and users are monitored constantly. As a result, they adjust their behaviouraccordingly. US retail titan Amazon has repeatedly raised concerns over the past years because of its use of wearables to survey workers during shifts. Adam Littler, an Amazon employee, came forward in 2013 accusing his employers of forcing him to walk 11 miles during a single work shift. His distance travelled was measured and tracked using a pedometer, while a handheld scanner guided him around the warehouse and notified him if he was meeting his targets (Aspinall). Amazon also recently designed and patented a wristband that is capable of tracking wearers’ (employees’) movements, including hand placement (Kelly). The reliance on such tracking technology to guide actions and supplement users with information to increase productivity reveals how STT can serve as a prosthetic that is used to enhance man’s abilities and performance However, the flipside of such enhancement is exploitation – employers augment users with technology and force them to adhere to standards of performance that are difficult to achieve. For instance, documents have recently surfaced that suggest Amazon terminates employees based on productivity statistics. It was reported that around 300 full-time employees were fired for “failing to meet productivity quotas”. According to the documents, “Amazon’s system tracks the rates of each individual associate’s productivity and automatically generates any warnings or terminations regarding quality or productivity without input from supervisors” (Lecher). This is reflective of how actors that are in power, like employers, can impose self-tracking practises onto employees that compromise their personal autonomy. Foucault finds that the panopticon’s utility and potency as a discipline mechanism lies in its efficiency as enforcers do not have to constantly survey people to ensure they conform. Thus, it manoeuvres existing power structures to achieve a particular goal – for instance, higher productivity or economic growth. Foucault also notes: The discipline of the workshop, while remaining a way of enforcing respect for the regulations and authorities, of preventing thefts and losses, tends to increase aptitudes, speeds, output and therefore profits; it still exerts a moral influence over behaviour, but more and more it treats actions in terms of their results, introduces bodies into a machinery, forces into an economy. (210) STTs in the workspace (or workshop) can act as prostheses, allowing employers to enhance their employee’s capabilities. Such technology creates an environment in which workers feel pressured to perform in adherence to certain set standards. Thus, employees are disciplined by STTs, and by the surveillance of their employers that follows. Arguably, such surveillance is detrimental to personal autonomy, as the surveyed feel that they have to behave in compliance to standards enforced by those in power (ie. their employers). Physical Environment With the aim of productivity and efficiency in mind, users grow dependant on devices to augment their realities with helpful technology. As mentioned earlier, McLuhan (90) ideates that “technologies are extensions of our physical and nervous systems to increase power and speed” is particularly significant. The iPhone is an example that illustrates this point very clearly as they are inbuilt with complex technology that includes a variety of sensors. The iPhone 7, for example, has a range of sensors including an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer, a GPS, a barometer, and an ambient light sensor (Nield). These gather information about users’ surroundings and feed it back to them, and they are then able to make informed decisions. Hence, if a user wants to travel to a certain place, the phone has the ability to point out the quickest route possible, or which route to take if they would like to stop by a certain location along the way. This cultivates a reliance on navigational technologies that use automated self-tracking to direct users’ daily lives, functioning as an extension and enhancement of their geographical memory and sense of direction. However, using these technologies may in fact be dulling our body’s abilities. For instance, anthropologist Tim Ingold posits that relying on navigation technology has reduced humans’ inborn wayfaring capabilities (Ingold). These satellite navigation technologies are one of the most popular ways in which people track their movements and move through space; for instance, a whole market of rideshare applications like Uber and OlaCabs rely on this technology. Using this technology has allowed people to navigate and travel with ease. However, this can be seen to lead to a lack of “spatial awareness and cartographic literacy”. Essentially, traditional maps skills are viewed as redundant and it can encourage an over-reliance on technology (Speake and Axon). According to McKinlay navigation is a “use-it-or-lose-it skill” and “automatic wayfinding” was reducing natural navigation abilities. A UCL neuroscience study found that licensed London taxi drivers have a larger than average hippocampus in their brains, as they are capable of storing a mental map of the city in their minds, by learning street layouts and locations of places of interest. The hippocampus is the part of the brain that is linked to spatial memory and navigation skills (Maguire, Woollett and Spiers 1093). Dr Eleanor Maguire, the neuroscientist who led the study, noted that if the taxi drivers started “using GPS, that knowledge base will be less and possibly affect the brain changes we are seeing” (Dobson). In turn, an increasing reliance on GPS and navigation technologies in self-tracking devices may result in a diminishing hippocampus, according to neuroscientist Veronique Bohbot of McGill University. The atrophy of the hippocampus has also been linked to the risk of dementia (Weeks), which reveals how the technologies that augment space may atrophy the “natural abilities” (McKinlay) and thus, the autonomy of users. RelationshipsAs with areas like the workspace and spatial environments, sociality and intimacy are increasingly being mediated by technology – the digital capabilities of new media have expanded users’ options and provided a variety of technological tools that allow us to streamline and reflect on social interactions and behaviour, serving as a social prosthetic. This is especially significant in the sphere of self-tracking. However, relying on STT to gain insight into sociality may alter the ways in which we think of intimacy and communication, and may also have an impact on users’ independence and trust. Hasinoff (497-98) notes that using tracking technologies within families and intimate relationships can have potentially harmful effects, such as a loss of trust. In particular, children who are pushed into self-tracking by their families may suffer from a loss of independence as well as an inability to perceive and react to risk. In such a situation, STT serves as a prosthetic that aims to ensure safety, however, surveillance through STTs enforces power disparities and simultaneously creates a dependency between the watched and watchers, and this would affect users’ personal autonomy as they are viewed under a panoptic lens. In fact, Hasinoff finds that “[family tracking and monitoring apps] exaggerate risks, offer illusory promises of safety, and normalize surveillance and excessive control in familial relationships”. I argue that this is the consequence of pushed self-tracking in the sphere of sociality and intimacy. Users may feel pressure from their families or partners to participate in self-tracking and allow their data to be accessed by them. However, the process of participating in such a mediated and monitored relationship could create “asymmetrical relations of visibility” (Trottier 320), as this sharing of information may not always be two sided. For instance, on the app Life360, parents can enforce that their children share their locations at all times, while they are able to conceal their own locations. This intensifies the watcher’s control and diminishes the watched’s privacy and autonomy. Quite ironically, Life360’s tagline is “feel free, together”. As an app geared at family safety, Life360 assumes that the family is a safe space – however, families too may pose a significant risk to vulnerable users’ (such as young children and women) autonomy and privacy. User complaints about inaccurate location information reveal “controlling, asymmetrical, and potentially abusive uses of the app” that can aggravate dysfunctional power dynamics in intimate and familial relationships. For instance, jealous partners or overprotective parents could grow increasingly suspicious or even aggressive (Hasinoff 504). Critical users who reviewed the app claimed that the app “ruined [their] social life” and enabled their “family to stalk [them] 24/7”. In another case, a user claimed the app was “toxic”, noting it would “destroy their [children’s] trust” (App Store; Life360). While the app asserts that each user does have control over the extent of location sharing, they may feel the need to remain visible because of familial pressure and expectations, since their family relies visibility on the app as an indicator of safety. This too, is problematic – self-tracking one’s locations provides just that – a geolocation pin, which is not a clear measure or indicator of the well-being or safety of the user. Simpson argues that constructing location information as safety information is not reliable because it could “promote a false sense of security based on the sense that if you know where your child is then that means they are safe” (277). Additionally, this also sets an imperative that users need to be monitored or monitor themselves at all times to ensure safety, and such a use of surveillance technology could result in users being hyperalert and anxious (Hasinoff 497). Extending man’s awareness to this degree and engaging in such surveillance may create a false sense of security and dependency, that ultimately puts everyone’s autonomy at risk.ConclusionSTT performs as an informational prosthetic for man. We conventionally tend to think of prostheses as extensions of our physical and sensory abilities, used to enhance or replace missing functions. In the case of STT, they have inbuilt decision-making and guidance capabilities, enhancing humans’ ability to process and understand information. This is a new type of digital prosthetic that has not existed before. It thus seems that the new generation of prostheses are no longer just physical and material – they operate as intellectual and cognitive extensions of our bodies. However, when users’ decision-making processes are increasingly displaced by informational prostheses, it is important to determine the extent to which they are impairing our organic capacity for orienting, sense-making and intimacy. ReferencesApp Store. Mobile app. Apple Inc. 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On 12 March 2020, Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte announced a lockdown of Manila to stop the spread of COVID-19. The cities, provinces, and islands of the Philippines remained under various levels of community quarantine for the remainder of the year. Under the strictest lockdown measures, known as Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ), no one aged below 21 or over 60 years was allowed out, a curfew was implemented between 10pm and 5am, and only one person per household, carrying a quarantine pass, was allowed to go out for essential items (Bainbridge & Vimonsuknopparat; Ratcliffe & Fonbuena). The policing of these measures was strict, with a heavy reliance on police and military to enforce health protocols (Hapal). In early April, Duterte warned that violators of the lockdown who caused trouble could be shot (Reuters). Criticisms concerning the dissemination of information about the pandemic were exacerbated when on 5 May, 2020, Filipinos lost an important source of news and entertainment as the country’s largest media network ABS-CBN was shut down after the government denied the renewal of its broadcast franchise (Gutierrez; “ABS-CBN”; “Independent Broadcaster”). The handling of the pandemic by the Duterte government has been characterised by inaction, scapegoating, and framed as a war on an existential threat (Hapal). This has led to feelings of frustration, anger, and despair that has impacted and been incorporated into the artistic expression of some Filipino creatives (Esguerra, “Reflecting”). As they did in the rest of the world, social media platforms became a vital source of entertainment for many facing these harsh lockdown measures in the Philippines in 2020. Viral forms included the sharing of videos of recipes for whipped Dalgona coffee and ube-pandesal on TikTok, binge-watching KDramas like Crash Landing on You on Netflix, playing Animal Crossing on Nintendo Switch, and watching Thailand’s Boys’ Love genre web series 2Gether: The Series on YouTube. Around the world, many arts and cultural organisations turned to online platforms to continue their events during the COVID-19 pandemic. #RomanceClass, a Filipino community of authors, artists, and actors who consume, produce, and enact mostly self-published English-language romance fiction in the Philippines, also turned to these platforms to hold their community’s live literature events. This article analyses this shift by #RomanceClass. It contends that, due to their nature as an independent, born-digital literary organisation, they were able to adapt swiftly and effectively to online-only events in response to the harshness of the Filipino lockdown, creating new forms of artistic innovation by adopting the aesthetics of Zoom into their creative practice (for example, name tags and gallery camera view). This aesthetic swiftly became familiar to people all over the world in 2020, and adopting digital platforms encodes within it the possibility for a global audience. However, while #RomanceClass are and have been open to a global audience, and their creative innovations during the pandemic have clearly been informed by transcultural online trends, this article argues that their adoption of digital platforms and creative innovations represented a continuation of their existing ethos, producing material explicitly intended for a Filipino audience, and more specifically, their existing community, prioritising community connection over any more expansive marketing efforts (McAlister et al.). The Live Literature of #RomanceClass The term #RomanceClass refers to a biblio-community of authors, readers, artists, and actors, all involved in the production and consumption of English-language romance novels in the Philippines. #RomanceClass began online in 2013 via a free writing class run predominantly on Facebook by author Mina V. Esguerra (for more on this, see McAlister et al.). As the community has developed, in-person events have become a major part of the community’s activities. However, as a born-digital social formation, #RomanceClass has always existed, to some extent, online. Their comfort in digital spaces was key to their ability to pivot swiftly to the circumstances in the Philippines during the lockdowns in 2020. One of the most distinctive practices of #RomanceClass is their live reading events. Prior to 2020, community members would gather in April for April Feels Day, and in October for Feels Fest for events where local actors would read curated passages from community-authored romance novels, and audiences’ verbal and physical responses became part of the performance. The live readings represent a distinctive form of live literature – that is, events where literature is the dominant art form presented or performed (Wiles), a field which encompasses phenomena like storytelling festivals, author readings, and literary festivals (Dane; Harvey; Weber; Wilson). In October 2019, we interviewed several #RomanceClass community members and attended one of these live reading events, Feels Fest, where we observed that the nature of the event very clearly reflected the way the community functions: they are “highly professionalised, but also tightly bound on an affective level, regularly describing [themselves] as a found family” (McAlister et al. 404). Attendance at live readings is capped (50 people, for the event we attended). The events are thus less about audience-building than they are community-sustaining, something which they do by providing community comforts. In particular, this includes kilig, a Filipino term referring to a kind of affective romantic excitement, usually demonstrated by the audience members in reaction to the actors’ readings. While the in-person component is very important to the live reading events, they have always spanned online and offline contexts – the events are usually live-tweeted by participants, and the readings are recorded and posted to YouTube by an official community videographer, with the explicit acknowledgment that if you attended the event, you are more than welcome to relive it as many times as you want. (Readings which contain a high degree of sexual content are not searchable on YouTube so as not to cause any harm to the actors, but the links are made privately available to attendees.) However, the lockdown measures implemented in the Philippines in 2020 meant that only the online context was available to the community – and so, like so many other arts communities around the world, they were forced to adapt. We tend to think of platforms like Zoom as encoded with the potential to allow people into a space who might not have been able to access it before. However, in their transition to an online-only context, #RomanceClass clearly sought to prioritise the community-sustaining practices of their existing events rather than trying in any major way to court new, potentially global, audiences. This prioritisation of community, rather than marketing, provided a space for #RomanceClass authors to engage cathartically with their experiences of lockdown in the Philippines (Esguerra, “Reflecting”). Embracing the Zoom Aesthetic: #RomanceClass in 2020 #RomanceClass’s first online event in 2020 was April Feels Day 2020, which occurred not long after lockdown began in the Philippines. Its production reflects the quick transition to an online-only co-presence space. It featured six books recently published by community authors. For each, the author introduced the book, and then an actor read an excerpt – a different approach to that hitherto taken in live events, where two actors, playing the roles of the romantic protagonists, would perform the readings together. Like the in-person live readings, April Feels Day 2020 was a synchronous event with a digital afterlife. It was streamed via Twitch, and participants could log on to watch and join the real-time conversations occurring in the chat. Those who did not sign up for a Twitch account could still watch the stream and post about the event on Twitter under the hashtag #AprilFeelsDay2020. After the event, videos featuring each book were posted to YouTube, as they had been for previous in-person live reading events, allowing participants to relive the experience if they so desired, and for authors to use as workshopping tools to allow them to hear how their prose and characters’ voices sounded (something which several authors reported doing with recordings of live readings in our interviews with them in 2019). April Feels Day 2020 represented a speedy pivot to working and socialising from home by the #RomanceClass community, something enabled by the existing digital architecture they had built up around their pre-pandemic live reading events, and their willingness to experiment with platforms like Twitch. However, it also represented a learning experience, a place to begin to think about how they might adapt creatively to the circumstances provoked by the global pandemic. They innovated in several ways. For instance, they adopted mukbang – a South Korean internet phenomenon which has become popular worldwide, wherein a host consumes a large amount of food while interacting with their audience in an online audiovisual broadcast – in their Mukbang Nights videos, where a few members of #RomanceClass would eat food and discuss their books (Anjani et al.). Food is a beloved part of both #RomanceClass events and books (“there’s lots of food, always. At some point someone always describes what the characters are eating. No exceptions”, author Carla de Guzman told us when we interviewed her in 2019), and so their adoption of mukbang shows the ways in which their 2020 digital events sought to recreate established forms of communal cohesion in a virtual co-presence space. An even more pointed example of this is their Hello, Ever After web series, which drew on the growing popularity of born-digital web series in Southeast Asia and other virtual performances around the globe. Hello, Ever After was both a natural extension of and significantly differed from #RomanceClass in-person live events. Usually, April Feels Day and October Feels Fest feature actors reading and performing passages from already published community books. By contrast, Hello, Ever After featured original short scripts written by community authors. These scripts took established characters from these authors’ novels and served as epilogues, where viewers could see how these characters and their romances fared during the pandemic. Like in-person live reading events – and unlike the digital April Feels Day 2020 – it featured two actors playing virtually side-by-side, reinforcing that one of the key pleasures derived from the reading events is the kilig produced through the interaction between the actors playing against each other (something we also observed in our 2019 fieldwork: the community has developed hashtags to refer specifically to the live reading performance interactions of some of their actors, such as #gahoates, in reference to actors Gio Gahol and Rachel Coates). The scenes are purposefully written as video chats, which allows not only for the fact that the actors were unable to physically interact with each other because of the lockdowns, but also tapped into the Zoom communication aesthetic that commandeered many people’s personal and professional communications during COVID-19 restrictions. Although the web series used a different video conferencing technology, community member Tania Arpa, who directed the web series episodes, adapted the nameplate feature that displayed the characters’ names to more closely align with the Zoom format, demonstrating #RomanceClass’s close attentiveness to developments in the global media environment. Zoom and other virtual co-presence platforms became essentially universal in 2020. One of their affordances was that people could virtually attend events from anywhere in the world, which encodes in it the possibility of reaching a broader, more global audience base. However, #RomanceClass maintained their high sensitivity to the local Filipino context through Hello, Ever After. By setting episodes during the Philippines’ lockdown, emphasised by the video chat mise en scène, Hello, Ever After captures the nuances of the sociopolitical and sometimes mundane aspects of the local pandemic response. Moreover, the series features characters known to and beloved by the community, as the episodes function as epilogues to #RomanceClass books, taking place in what An Goris calls the “post-HEA” [happily ever after] space. #RomanceClass books are available digitally – and have a readership – outside the Philippines, and so the Hello, Ever After web series is theoretically a text that can be enjoyed by many. However, the community was not necessarily seeking to broaden their audience base through Hello, Ever After; it was community-sustaining, rather than community-expanding. It built on the extant repository of community knowledge and affect by using characters that #RomanceClass members know intimately and have emotional connections to, who are not as familiar and legible to those outside the community, intended for an audience with a level of genre knowledge (McAlister et al.; Fletcher et al.). While the pandemic experience these characters were going through was global, as the almost universal familiarity with the Zoom aesthetic shows, Hello, Ever After was highly attentive to the local context. Almost all the episodes featured “Easter eggs” and dialogues that pointed to local situations that only members of the targeted Filipino audience would understand and be familiar with, echoing the pandemic challenges of the country’s present reality. Episodes featured recurrent themes like dissatisfaction with the government’s slow response and misaligned priorities, anger towards politicians exacerbating the impact of the pandemic with poor health and transportation policies, and recognition of voluntary service and aid rendered by private individuals. For example, the first episode, Make Good Days, an epilogue to Mina V. Esguerra’s novel What Kind of Day, focusses on the challenges “essential worker” hero Ben (played by Raphael Robes) faces as a local politician’s speechwriter, who has been tasked to draft a memorial speech for his boss to deliver in honour of an acquaintance who has succumbed to COVID-19. He has developed a “3:00 habit” of a Zoom call with his partner Naya (Rachel Coates), mirroring the “3:00 habit” or “3:00 Prayer to the Divine Mercy” many Catholic Filipino devotees pray and recite daily at that specific hour, a habit reinforced through schools, churches, and media, where entertainment shows allow time for the prayer to be televised. Ben and Naya’s conversation in this particular 3:00 call dwells on what they think Filipino citizens deserve, especially from local government officials who repeatedly fail them (Baizas; Torres). They also discuss the impact that the pandemic has had on Naya’s work life. She runs a tourism and travel business – which is the way that the two characters met in What Kind of Day – which she has been forced to close because of the pandemic. Naya grieves not just for the dream job she has had to give up, but also sympathises with the enormous number of Filipinos who suddenly became unemployed because of the economy closing down (Tirona). Hello, Ever After draws together the political realities of living in the Philippines during the pandemic with the personal, by showing the effects of these realities on characters like Ben and Naya, who are well-known to the #RomanceClass community. #RomanceClass books encompass a wide variety of protagonists, and so the episodes of Hello, Ever After were able to explore how the lives of health workers, actors, single parents, students, scientists, office workers, development workers, CEOs and more could be impacted by the pandemic and the lockdowns in the Philippines. They also allowed the authors to express some of their personal frustrations with living through quarantine, something they admit fueled some parts of the scripts (“Behind the Scenes: Hello, Ever After”). #RomanceClass novels like What Kind of Day all end happily, with the romantic protagonists together (in contrast to a lot of other Filipino media, which ends unhappily – for more on this, see McAlister et al.). Make Good Days and the other episodes of Hello, Ever After reflect the grim realities of pandemic life in the Philippines; however, they do not undercut this happy ending, and instead seek to reinforce it. Through Hello, Ever After, the community literally seeks to “make good days” for themselves by creating opportunities to access the familiar comfort and warmth of kilig scenes. Kilig refers to a kind of affective romantic emotion that usually has a physical manifestation (Trinidad, “Shipping”; “Kilig”). It does not have an equivalent word or phrase in English, but can be used as a noun to denote a thrilling state of excitement or as an adjective to describe moments or scenes that evoke this feeling. Creating and becoming immersed in kilig is central to #RomanceClass texts and events: authors attempt to produce kilig through their writing, and actors attempt to provoke it during live reading performances (something which, as mentioned above, was probably made more difficult in the one-actor live readings of the fully online Aprils Feels Day 2020, as much of the kilig is generated by the interactions between the actors). Kilig scenes are plentiful in Hello, Ever After. For instance, in Make Good Days, Naya asks Ben to name a thing he hated before the pandemic that he now misses. He replies that he misses being stuck in traffic with her – that he still hates traffic, but he misses spending that time with her. Escapism was a high priority for many people and communities creating art during the 2020 lockdowns. Given this, it is interesting that #RomanceClass chose to create kilig in their web series by leaning into the temporal moment and creating material specifically revolving around the lockdown in the Philippines, showing couples like Ben and Naya supporting each other and sharing their pandemic-caused burdens. Hello, Ever After both reflected the harsh reality in which the community found themselves but also gave them something to cling to in the hardest days of lockdown, showing that kilig could be found even in the toughest of circumstances when both characters and community members found themselves separated. Conclusion As a community which began in a digital space, #RomanceClass was well-positioned to pivot to an online-only environment during the pandemic, even though in-person events had become such a distinctive part of their community outputs. They experimented and innovated significantly in 2020, producing a range of digital outputs, including the Hello, Ever After web series. On the surface, this does not seem especially unusual: many arts organisations innovated digitally during the pandemic. What was particularly notable about #RomanceClass’s digital outputs, however, was that they were not designed to be marketing tools. They were not actively courting a new audience; rather, outputs like Hello, Ever After were designed to be community-sustaining, providing the existing audience comfort, familiarity, and kilig in a situation (local and global) that was not in any way comfortable or familiar. We Will Be Okay is the title of the second Hello, Ever After video, an epilogue to Celestine Trinidad’s Ghost of a Feeling: a neat summary of the message the episodes offered to the #RomanceClass audience through these revisitings of beloved characters and relationships. 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