Статті в журналах: "Bosch method"

1

Alekseev, R. A., Aleksandra I. Alieva, and Ewelina Kucal. "Aspect-Independent Siliconglass Etching by Bosch Method." Key Engineering Materials 822 (September 2019): 640–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.822.640.

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The purpose of this work was to study and carry out glass etching of monocrystalline silicon using the Bosch method, acquaintance with the conditions of aspect-independent etching. The Bosch process was conducted using sulfur hexafluorideSF6 and perfluorocyclobutaneC4F8on OxfordInstrumentsPlasmaPro®Estrelas100. It was found that in order to level the problems that arise, it is necessary to vary the temporal relations of etching and passivation stages.

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2

Ferrari, Alessandro, and Tantan Zhang. "Benchmark between Bosch and Zeuch method–based flowmeters for the measurement of the fuel injection rate." International Journal of Engine Research 22, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 316–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419827732.

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Bosch and Zeuch method–based flowmeters use the pressure rise triggered by the injection event in a different way in order to characterize the injected flow-rate time history. These typologies of measurement are the most widely applied to evaluate the injection rate of fuel injection systems. The injection rate of a Common Rail electroinjector has been measured with both Bosch and Zeuch method–based flowmeters. The objective has been to perform a benchmark on these two different flow-rate measuring principles. A slight reduction in the rising slope of the injected flow-rate, an anomalous tail at the end of the injection and a time delay in the flow-rate trace have been observed in the case of the Bosch method measurement. A one-dimensional numerical model of the hydraulic circuit of the flowmeter based on the Bosch method has been developed and validated successfully. This model has then been applied to study the cause and effect relationships between the features of the flowmeter hydraulic circuit and the alteration in the measured injected flow-rate pattern. Design keys for the optimization of the Bosch-based flowmeters are provided, even though the investigation has definitely assessed the superior accuracy of Zeuch method–based flowmeters, at least for the examined working conditions.

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Veltkamp, Henk-Willem, Yves L. Janssens, Meint J. de Boer, Yiyuan Zhao, Remco J. Wiegerink, Niels R. Tas, and Joost C. Lötters. "Method for Keyhole-Free High-Aspect-Ratio Trench Refill by LPCVD." Micromachines 13, no. 11 (November 4, 2022): 1908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13111908.

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In micro-machined micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), refilled high-aspect-ratio trench structures are used for different applications. However, these trenches often show keyholes, which have an impact on the performance of the devices. In this paper, explanations are given on keyhole formation, and a method is presented for etching positively-tapered high-aspect ratio trenches with an optimised trench entrance to prevent keyhole formation. The trench etch is performed by a two-step Bosch-based process, in which the cycle time, platen power, and process pressure during the etch step of the Bosch cycle are studied to adjust the dimensions of the scallops and their location in the trench sidewall, which control the taper of the trench sidewall. It is demonstrated that the amount of chemical flux, being adjusted by the cycle time of the etch step in the Bosch cycle, relates the scallop height to the sidewall profile angle. The required positive tapering of 88° to 89° for a keyhole-free structure after a trench refill by low-pressure chemical vapour deposition is achieved by lowering the time of the etch step.

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4

Baracu, Angela M., Christopher A. Dirdal, Andrei M. Avram, Adrian Dinescu, Raluca Muller, Geir Uri Jensen, Paul Conrad Vaagen Thrane, and Hallvard Angelskår. "Metasurface Fabrication by Cryogenic and Bosch Deep Reactive Ion Etching." Micromachines 12, no. 5 (April 29, 2021): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12050501.

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The research field of metasurfaces has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to its high potential to achieve flat, ultrathin optical devices of high performance. Metasurfaces, consisting of artificial patterns of subwavelength dimensions, often require fabrication techniques with high aspect ratios (HARs). Bosch and Cryogenic methods are the best etching candidates of industrial relevance towards the fabrication of these nanostructures. In this paper, we present the fabrication of Silicon (Si) metalenses by the UV-Nanoimprint Lithography method and cryogenic Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) process and compare the results with the same structures manufactured by Bosch DRIE both in terms of technological achievements and lens efficiencies. The Cryo- and Bosch-etched lenses attain efficiencies of around 39% at wavelength λ = 1.50 µm and λ = 1.45 µm against a theoretical level of around 61% (for Si pillars on a Si substrate), respectively, and process modifications are suggested towards raising the efficiencies further. Our results indicate that some sidewall surface roughness of the Bosch DRIE is acceptable in metalense fabrication, as even significant sidewall surface roughness in a non-optimized Bosch process yields reasonable efficiency levels.

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5

Vass, Sándor, and Máté Zöldy. "A model based new method for injection rate determination." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2020): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190417159v.

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This paper presents a detailed model of a Common Rail Diesel injector and its validation using injection rate measurement. A new method is described for injector nozzle flowrate determination using simulation and measurement tools. The injector model contains fluid dynamic, mechanic and electro-magnetic systems, describing all-important internal processes and also includes the injection rate meter model. Injection rate measurements were made using the W. Bosch method, based on recording the pressure traces in a length of fuel during injections. Comparing the results of the simulated injection rate meter, simulated injector orifice flow and injection rate measurements, the simulated and measured injection rates showed good conformity. In addition to this, the difference between nozzle flow rate and the measured flow rate is pointed out in different operating points, proving, that the results of a Bosch type injection rate measurements cannot be directly used for model validation. However, combining injector, injection rate meter simulation and measurement data, the accurate nozzle flow rate can be determined, and the model validated.

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6

Hermawan, Bayu, Arif Budi Sholihah, and Putri Ayu Pramanasari. "Evaluation of the Implementation of the Revitalization Program in Preservation of Van Den Bosch Fortress in Ngawi." International Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijau.v3i1.780.

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One of the relics of Dutch colonial buildings in Indonesia is the Van Den Bosch Fortress, this fortress has a revitalization program that is in line with the heritage city program of the Direktorat Jendral Penataan Ruang Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat Republik Indonesia (PUPR). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the extent of the implementation of revitalization to increase the benefits and direction of preservation of the fortress, and to support Ngawi Regency as a conservation activity for the Cultural Heritage City as the main strategy for urban development. Revitalization evaluation techniques are seen based on the level of vitality of the built area which includes several aspects such as decreasing physical quality of buildings, regional images, economic and activity social. The writer used the descriptive qualitative method by collecting data related to Fort Van den Bosch, then data analyzed by using the Miles and Huberman method. The results of the evaluation study found the implementation of the Van Den Bosch Fortification revitalization program encountered several obstacles and the revitalization program was divided into 2, such as the core of building of the fort and the development of the fort area environment. Keyword: Van Den Bosch Fortress, Evaluation, Conservation, Revitalization

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7

Zhou, Rongchun, Haixia Zhang, Yilong Hao, and Yangyuan Wang. "Simulation of the Bosch process with a string–cell hybrid method." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 14, no. 7 (May 15, 2004): 851–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/14/7/003.

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8

Du, Peiyuan, Yuhong Huang, Gangqiang Zhu, Fei Ma, Jianmin Zhang, Xiumei Wei, Pengfei Hou, Min Wang, and Jing Liu. "Nitrogen reduction reaction on single cluster catalysts of defective PC₆-trimeric or tetrameric transition metal." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 24, no. 4 (2022): 2219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp04926g.

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9

Drtina, René, and Josef Šedivý. "Logatomic Tests as a Method of Evaluation of Speech Intelligibility in High Resolution." Applied Mechanics and Materials 835 (May 2016): 795–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.835.795.

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Vision and hearing (visual and auditory receptors) are still dominant senses when arranging our knowledge of the outside world. At this year's Consumer and Computing International Consumer Electronics Show chief American subsidiary of Bosch, Werner Struth, said that the "analog world as we know it ends." Our perception remains analog as well as the continued transfer of information persists analog transmission channel into which may interfere with, among other things, restrictions resulting from digital technologies.

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10

Koch, Brendan M. L., Janet A. W. Elliott, and A. Amirfazli. "Study of Model Superoleophobic Surfaces Fabricated with a Modified Bosch Etch Method." Langmuir 30, no. 46 (November 12, 2014): 14039–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la503362t.

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11

Zhang, Jian, Chongyi Ling, Wenjie Zang, Xiaoxia Li, Shaozhuan Huang, Xue Liang Li, Dong Yan, et al. "Boosted electrochemical ammonia synthesis by high-percentage metallic transition metal dichalcogenide quantum dots." Nanoscale 12, no. 20 (2020): 10964–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr01409e.

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The electrochemical method can directly convert N₂ into the high-value-added NH₃ under ambient conditions and is considered to be a green and sustainable alternative to the traditional Haber–Bosch process.

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12

Roxhed, Niclas, Patrick Griss, and Göran Stemme. "A method for tapered deep reactive ion etching using a modified Bosch process." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 17, no. 5 (April 24, 2007): 1087–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/17/5/031.

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13

van den Bosch, Remco C. E., Glenn van de Ven, Michele Cappellari, and P. Tim de Zeeuw. "Triaxial orbit-based model of NGC 4365." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, S238 (August 2006): 331–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307005303.

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AbstractWe have developed an orbit-based method for constructing triaxial models of elliptical galaxies, which fit their observed surface brightness and kinematics (van den Bosch et al). We have tested this extended Schwarzschild method (1979) against analytical models with general distribution functions (DF) and find that we can recover the DF (van de Ven et al). Here, we present a model of NGC 4365.

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14

Kang, Zhe, Zhehao Zhang, Jun Deng, Liguang Li, and Zhijun Wu. "Experimental Research of High-Temperature and High-Pressure Water Jet Characteristics in ICRC Engine Relevant Conditions." Energies 12, no. 9 (May 9, 2019): 1763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091763.

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The internal combustion Rankine cycle (ICRC) concept provides a potential solution for future high thermal efficiency and low emission powertrains, and direct water injection (DWI) proved to be the key parameter for ICRC optimization. This paper was dedicated to investigating the fundamental mechanisms of water spray characteristics under different water injection control parameters. In order to do so, an experimental test system was carefully designed and built based on the Bosch and Schlieren methods: the Bosch method is utilized to measure the effect of injection and ambient pressure on water injection characteristics, and the Schlieren method is utilized to investigate the impact of water injection and ambient temperature on water spray and evaporation processes. The experimental results indicate that both control parameters show important effects on water injection and spray characteristics. The water injection and ambient pressure show significant impacts on steady-state flow quantity and cyclic water injection quantity, and the water injection and ambient pressure affect the evaporation ability of water vapor within the spray which leads to a different variation trend during the initial, developing, and developed water spray stages. The results of this work can be used as fundamental supplements for ICRC, steam assistant technology (SAT), and DWI-related ICEs experimental and numerical researches, and provide extra information to understand the DWI process within engine-relevant conditions.

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15

Khairutdinov, Ruslan, Timur Minasov, and Ekaterina Yakupova. "X-ray-anatomical and functional results of Bosch-Magnan osteotomy." Vrač skoroj pomoŝi (Emergency Doctor), no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-02-2007-04.

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Up to a third of all patients with such medical condition as Hallux valgus can be not pleased with the outcome of an operation. It emphasizes the importance of the choice of specific osteotomy for each individual case. Minimally invasive surgery is used more often and to correct the valgus deformity of the first ray of the foot. Despite the growing interest in minimally invasive procedures, there are a few publications on percutaneous osteotomies. The purpose of this research is to identify and evaluate the available data on the results of treatment of patients with valgus deformity of the first toe using the Bosch-Magnan method.

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Rozhdestvenskaya, Elena Yu. "The trail of folly and madness in the picture of Bosch: visual analysis." Inter 11, no. 20 (2019): 164–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/inter.2019.20.8.

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In the essay, it carried out the visual analysis of the famous painting by I. Bosch, “Cure of Folly (Stone Operation),” which deals with the allegory of surgical cure for mental disorders. The literal embodiment of the metaphor and paths of insanity of both the patient and the quack doctor are included in the wide tradition of the early renaissance. The author follows the method of sequential analysis of visual images from a dense description of the visual series to the reconstruction of the meanings of the symbolic order and socio-cultural interpretation. The image of genre scene with the doctor, the patient and observers is structured through a rounded tondo method and combined with a textual frame in the style of the Gothic fracture, which refers to the client’s personal heraldic coat of arms. The bricolage of allegorical words and images complements each other and creates an intertextual space of meaning, to which semantic incongruity becomes a vehicle — flowers instead of expected stones. The hermeneutic tradition that has developed around the work of I. Bosch contradictory interpret this scene — from lithotomy by medical historians to a flower as an image of voluptuousness or a flower of wisdom (as a visual allegory of a philosopher's stone, elixir). But, the interpretation of the flower as a heraldic lily becomes more appropriate, taking into account the addressee of the picture, the reputation of customers and the rhyme of the formal characteristics of the picture with the style of the coat of arms of the customer. Bosch's painting with its hidden moral message is addressed to influential customers, metaphorically combining the meanings of folly stones and symbols of power.

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Sakuishi, Toshiyuki, Takahide Murayama, and Yasuhiro Morikawa. "A Novel Back-side Via Process For Low-cost TSV." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2015, no. 1 (October 1, 2015): 000577–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2015-tha23.

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Recently, mobile devices, such as smart phone or tablet PC have spread widely, and data traffic is increasing rapidly. Data servers for them are required high-speed data processing and low power consumption. Devices for those equipments are required high-speed processing, high-density packaging and low power consumption. Most powerful way to achieve these goals are three-dimensional (3D) integration using TSV (Through Silicon Via) and 2.5D integration using silicon interposer. However, cost and reliability issues are pointed out. The radical problem about the long-term reliability of TSV production is not still solved. In particular, the management of barrier metal film deposition on the smooth surface is most important technology for Cu diffuse protection [1]. To solve these problems, we have been developing via last process. One of the major challenges to via last back-side via is high capacitor. For this problem, scallop-free high rate Si etching and low dielectric constant liner is effective. We have been developing scallop-free etching by direct etching method. [2,3,4] Direct etching method use mixture gas of SF6 and O2, forming a thin SiOx film on the sidewall, and achieves an anisotropic etching. Advantage of direct etching is smooth sidewall without scallop. Simultaneous etching and side wall protection do not generate periodic unevenness. The issue of the leakage current, which could be caused by sidewall roughness, has been studied. [5, 6] Moreover, since a thick fluorocarbon film does not adhered, reduce the load of cleaning step and the risk of peeling the insulating film. Direct etching method is superior to the taper angle controllability. Taper and scallop-free etch improve the deposition coverage and contribute cost reduction. On the other hand, Bosch etching also has some advantage. We have developed etching module which is capable of both direct etching and Bosch etching. As a result, we have developed new process which is combined direct etching and Bosch etching. It has a new value and potential.

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Wang, Jun, Yong Hui Jia, and Bing Jie Zu. "Design of Driving Circuit of Solenoid Valve for High Pressure Common Rail Diesel Engine Injector." Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (August 2012): 1054–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.1054.

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Based on the BOSCH injector for research object, driving circuit is adopted the "dual voltage" adjustable pulse width driven model. Using the method of combining simulation analysis and correlation calculation, the key parameters in the boost circuit and the logical drive circuit is studied and selected. Experimental results show that the driver modules meet the needs of high speed solenoid, basically achieved the target.

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19

Dickow, A., and G. Feiertag. "A systematic MEMS sensor calibration framework." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 4, no. 1 (February 27, 2015): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-4-97-2015.

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Abstract. In this paper we present a systematic method to determine sets of close to optimal sensor calibration points for a polynomial approximation. For each set of calibration points a polynomial is used to fit the nonlinear sensor response to the calibration reference. The polynomial parameters are calculated using ordinary least square fit. To determine the quality of each calibration, reference sensor data is measured at discrete test conditions. As an error indicator for the quality of a calibration the root mean square deviation between the calibration polynomial and the reference measurement is calculated. The calibration polynomials and the error indicators are calculated for all possible calibration point sets. To find close to optimal calibration point sets, the worst 99% of the calibration options are dismissed. This results in a multi-dimensional probability distribution of the probably best calibration point sets. In an experiment, barometric MEMS (micro-electromechanical systems) pressure sensors are calibrated using the proposed calibration method at several temperatures and pressures. The framework is applied to a batch of six of each of the following sensor types: Bosch BMP085, Bosch BMP180, and EPCOS T5400. Results indicate which set of calibration points should be chosen to achieve good calibration results.

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20

Zhang, Huaibo, and Jianghua Zhu. "Practicability of Sports Goods in the Sports Field Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (June 21, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4964894.

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People are in the intellectual age. The use of technologies such as smart search engines, machine translation, fingerprint analysis, facial scanning, and self-driving makes people’s social and work lives happier. The intersection of artificial intelligence and other projects has also become the focus of research in the new era. This article uses comparative experimental methods and sampling methods, puts forward the evaluation method of association rules in the recommendation of sports goods, and compares the selection of sensors used by the five types of sports companies in the sports experiments. In the experiment part, according to the minimum confidence level, the two rules are met. Minimum confidence is a threshold defined by users or experts to measure confidence, which represents the lowest reliability of association rules. The conclusion is that 30% of users have bought running shoes and hiking shoes at the same time and 66.6% of users have also purchased sports suits; there are also sports suits purchased at the same time. All mountain bike users have bought sports gloves. The weight of Freescale is 0.2530, the weight of Bosch is 0.4457, the weight of ST is 0.0946, the weight of VTI is 0.0953, and the weight of Konix is 0.1114. The experimental results show that the selection result of the three-axis acceleration sensor is the SMB380 model of Bosch.

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21

Nazarchenko, O. V., V. G. Kakhikalo, and S. S. Evshikov. "The effectiveness of evaluation of sires by indicators of milk productivity of daughters by the method of comparison of «daughters-dams»." Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding), no. 4 (March 21, 2022): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-03-2204-02.

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The purpose of the work was to evaluate the sires in terms of milk productivity of daughters by comparing the method “daughters-dams” in the herd of OOO “BMK” Bogdanovichsky area in Sverdlovsk region. It was found that the milk yield for 305 days of lactation in the daughters of the sire Fennek 4241542328 was 8815±323,2 kg with the difference between the milk yield of daughters and the milk yield of dams 705 kg and the coefficient of variability 17,9 %. Sire Altadublin 8820742 was evaluated as neutral in milk yield of daughters for 305 days of lactation, while his daughters showed milk yield less than dams by 34 kg. The mass fraction of fat in the milk in the daughters of the sire Altadublin 8820742 was lower than that in dams by 0,09 %. In the daughters of sires Bosch 2733, Fennek 4241542328 and Lan 666626709, it was higher than in dams by 0,12 abs.%, 0,02 and 0,11 abs.%, respectively. The sires Bosch 2733, Fennek 4241542328 and Lan 666626709 were evaluated as improvers by the mass fraction of protein in milk, the indicators of their daughters exceeded the indicator in dams by 0,42 abs.%, 0,40 and 0,41 abs.% (P < 0,01–0,001), respectively. The sire Altadublin 8820742 was evaluated as neutral, because in terms of the mass fraction of protein in milk, his daughters surpassed their dams by only 0,03 abs.%. Taking into account the genealogical structure of Black-and-White breed of the Urals, it is necessary to evenly use the gene pool of all promising lines of Holstein breed such as Wes Ideal 933122, Montwick Chieftain 95679, Reflection Sovereign 198998.

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Younis, Muhammad Yawar, Somavia Ameen, Babar Iqbal, and Hamza Ijaz. "A Review on Advances in Electrocatalytic N2 Reduction to Ammonia." International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology 12, no. 02 (March 30, 2022): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14741/ijcet/v.12.2.3.

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Ammonia is one of the most important industrial chemicals which is prepared by the traditional Haber–Bosch process. Haber–Bosch process is an expensive process requiring higher temperature, pressure, and a lot of energy. Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reactions (NRR) have gained a lot of interest as the alternate method for the production of ammonia. For obtaining a higher yield, higher Faradic efficiency (PE), inhibition of side reactions e.g., hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and reducing the production cost for ammonia by NRR, selection of appropriate catalysts, cell layout, and electrolyte selection are important controlling parameters for the NRR. Non-metallic catalysts are preferred over noble metallic catalysts due to their lower cost, more resources, and characteristic dorbital electron but have the issue of low selectivity due to the higher HER. The selectivity for the NRR can be improved by employing the catalysts with higher absorption of N2. PEM-type cells and the back-to-back cells are used to inhibit the HER. Apart from these factors, NRR is also dependent on other factors to obtain better experimental results e.g., no nitrides, removing the ammonia from contaminants sites, and controlling the experiment time.

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ROSCA, Radu, Petru CÂRLESCU, Edward RAKOSI, and Gheorghe MANOLACHE. "Comparative analysis of two injection systems fueled with biodiesel." Combustion Engines 137, no. 2 (May 1, 2009): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117195.

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The paper presents experimental results concerning the fueling of two injection systems for D.I. Diesel engines with Biodiesel fuels. The neat Biodiesel (B100) was obtained from waste vegetable oil (collected from a local branch of McDonald’s), using the base catalyzed method; diesel fuel was also used in order to test the injection equipments and obtain reference values. The fuel injection pumps used during the tests were RO-PES4A90D410RS2240 (romanian) and a Bosch type one (PES5MW55/320/RS/120403), with the corresponding high pressure fuel lines and injectors. The injection equipment was mounted on a MIRKOZ test bed, equipped with pressure transducers, rotation angle transducer and a BOSCH injection rate meter. The tests were developed at different pump speeds and displacements of the injection pump control rack. The following injection characteristics were investigated: cyclic fuel delivery, injection duration, pressure wave propagation time, average injection rate, peak injection pressure. For the both types of injection equipment, cyclic fuel delivery, injection duration and peak injection pressure increased when biodiesel was used as fuel (compared to Diesel fuel), while the average injection rate and pressure wave propagation time decreased.

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Li, Xiao-Qian, Zai-Fa Zhou, Wei-Hua Li, and Qing-An Huang. "Three-dimensional simulation of surface topography evolution in the Bosch process by a level set method." Microsystem Technologies 21, no. 8 (September 27, 2014): 1587–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-014-2321-6.

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25

Reyes Velázquez, Amparo. "Juan Bosch, un perseguido político. Un atisbo a “El hombre que lloró”." Sincronía XXV, no. 79 (January 3, 2021): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/sincronia.axxv.n79.9a21.

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The aim of this work is to highlight the transition between the fictional sphere and politics, under the method of Eagleton’s theory of reception. Juan Bosch, committed to the Dominican reality, as Núñez Polanco has pointed out, perhaps the social denunciation of his narrative was not enough and he had to take a step forward in the political arena to fight against the dictatorial enemy: Rafael Leonidas Trujillo. Hence the exile, hence the political persecution that did not end with the death of Trujillo, but rather continued with Joaquin Balaguer, the other face of the Trujillo dictatorship.

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Ninda Nur Amalia and Heri Sujadmiko. "Diversity of Bryophytes in Plaosan Temple, Central Java." Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 13, no. 3 (December 15, 2022): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/bib.v13i3.4944.

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Bryophyte grows on various substrates, one of which is rock. Plaosan Temple is composed of andesite stone which has the potential to experience weathering caused by bryophyte. This research aims to determine the diversity of bryophyte, types and classifications of bryophyte, and to determine the bryophyte which are widely and evenly distributed in the rocks of Plaosan Temple, Central Java. Bryophytes samples were collected using the dry herbarium technique and identified at the Plant Systematics Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, UGM. Vegetation analysis was carried out using the quadrat method of 15 x 15 cm plots which were randomly distributed in 52 plots. The environmental parameters measured were air temperature, humidity, and light intensity. Species diversity was analyzed using Shannon-Wiener index. The results obtained 11 types of bryophytes grouped into two classes, namely Hepaticopsida and Bryopsida, including Barbula indica (Hook.) Spreng., Brachymenium exile (Dozy & Molk.) Bosch & Lac., Brachymenium indicum (Dozy & Molk.) Bosch & Lac., Cyathodium smaragdinum Schiffn., Fissidens atroviridis Besch., Fissidens virens Thwait. & Mitt., Fissidens zollingeri Mont., Gymnostomiella vernicosa (Hook.) Fleisch., Hyophila involuta (Hook.) A. Jaeg., Philonotis hastata (Duby) Wijk & Margad., and Riccia hasskarliana Steph. Bryophyte that is widely and evenly distributed is Barbula indica. Keywords: bryophyte; diversity; andesite; Plaosan temple

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Lin, Pengrong, Xiaochen Xie, Yong Wang, Binhao Lian, and Guoqi Zhang. "A multi-step etch method for fabricating slightly tapered through-silicon vias based on modified Bosch process." Microsystem Technologies 25, no. 7 (December 5, 2018): 2693–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-018-4249-8.

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28

Morikawa, Yasuhiro, Takahide Murayama, Toshiyuki Sakuishi, Toshiyuki Nakamura, Takashi Kurimoto, Yuu Nakamuta, Isao Kimura, and Koukou Suu. "Scallop Free Si Etching and Low Cost Integration Technologies for 2.5D Si Interposer." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2012, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 000998–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2012-wp65.

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In order to realize the manufacturing and cost benefits of via middle and via last technology for the 3D stacked integration, creation of through silicon via (TSV) spanning all layers of fully formed chips must be realized. This is particularly new etching method challenging for TSV devices. The etch system is new TSV etcher that is a kind of high electron density ICP / NLD. In this paper, study on non Bosch Si etch method to get a smooth sidewalls with no scalloping and a good control of the etched profile using new planar ICP plasma, and trying high selectivity to photo-resist mask for TSV etching to provide the total lowest cost processes.

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29

Pan, Aixi, Medhat Samaan, Zheng Yan, Wenhan Hu, and Bo Cui. "Fabrication of ultrahigh aspect ratio Si nanopillar and nanocone arrays." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 41, no. 2 (March 2023): 023001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0002276.

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High aspect ratio (HAR) structures have many promising applications such as biomedical detection, optical spectroscopy, and material characterization. Bottom-up self-assembly is a low-cost method to fabricate HAR structures, but it remains challenging to control the structure dimension, shape, density, and location. In this paper, an optimized top-down method using a combination of pseudo-Bosch etching and wet isotropic thinning/sharpening is presented to fabricate HAR silicon (Si) nanopillar and nanocone arrays. To achieve these structure profiles, electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching were carried out to fabricate silicon pillars having a nearly vertical sidewall, followed by thinning or sharpening by wet etching with a mixture of hydrofluoric (HF) acid and nitric acid (HNO3). For the dry etching step using the pseudo-Bosch process, the sidewall angle is largely dependent on the SF6/C4F8 gas flow ratio, and it was found that a vertical profile can be attained with a ratio of 22/38. For the wet etching process, a very large HNO3/HF volume ratio is shown to give smooth etching with a slow and controllable etching rate. The final structure profile also depends on the pattern density/array periodicity. When the array period is large, silicon nanopillar is thinned down, and its aspect ratio can reach 1:135 with a sub-100 nm apex. When the pillar array becomes very dense (periodicity much smaller than height), a very sharp nanocone structure is obtained after wet etching with an apex diameter under 20 nm.

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30

Gholamzadeh, Reza, Milad Gharooni, Hassan Salarieh, and Javad Akbari. "Design and fabrication of a micro-opto-mechanical-systems accelerometer based on intensity modulation of light fabricated by a modified deep-reactive-ion-etching process using silicon-on-insulator wafer." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 40, no. 4 (July 2022): 043001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0001779.

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Accelerometers that work based on intensity modulation of light are more sensitive, economically feasible, and have a simpler fabrication process compared to wavelength modulation. A micro-opto-electro-mechanical-system accelerometer based on intensity modulation of light is designed and fabricated. A movable shutter that is attached to the proof mass is designed to change the intensity of light. Moreover, the mechanical part is designed to improve the overall sensitivity and linear behavior in the measurement range. The designed accelerometer is fabricated by a deep-reactive-ion-etching (DRIE) process. The DRIE process used in this report is based on a Bosch-like process, which uses [Formula: see text] and a mixture of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] gases in etching and passivation subsequences, respectively. This method has a lower plasma density and a higher base pressure and causes higher verticality, which results in lower optical efficiency loss in comparison with the Bosch process. Furthermore, the functional characteristics of the accelerometer are derived with analytical and numerical methods, and the results are compared. The functional characteristics of the accelerometer are as follows: a resonant frequency of 0.56 kHz, a mechanical sensitivity of [Formula: see text], an optical sensitivity of [Formula: see text], an overall sensitivity of [Formula: see text], a footprint of [Formula: see text], a measurement range of [Formula: see text], a mechanical cross axis sensitivity of [Formula: see text], and an overall cross axis sensitivity of [Formula: see text]. These functional characteristics make the design appropriate for a large range of applications.

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31

Guohua, Yang, and Li Nan. "Construction of C/MoS2 nanocomposite for highly efficient electrocatalytic NRR." E3S Web of Conferences 245 (2021): 03022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124503022.

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Electrochemical N2 reduction reaction (NRR) has been considered as a promising and green process to replace conventional Haber−Bosch process. However, the presence of sluggish reaction kinetics and competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) can result in poor activity and unsatisfactory selectivity. Here, we proposed C/MoS2 catalysts by a facile ‘one-pot’ hydrothermal method. Benefiting from porous nanosphere structure, it shows outstanding charge transfer rate, which accelerates NRR kinetics. As a result, C/MoS2 exhibited a conspicuously improved NRR performance with a high Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 8.2% at −0.7 V. In addition, this electrocatalyst showed marvelous stability.

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32

Matzke, Markus, Susanne Beyer-Faiß, Markus Grebe, and Olav Höger. "Thermo-oxidative grease service life evaluation – laboratory study with the catalytically accelerated method using the RapidOxy." Tribologie und Schmierungstechnik 69, no. 1 (March 8, 2022): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24053/tus-2022-0005.

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With increasing product lifetime requirements including reduced failure rates and higher loads greases are challenged and appropriate methods for grease service life estimation are necessary. Thermo-oxidation is one dominant degradation mechanism in many automotive applications at elevated operating temperatures. At 60th German Tribology Conference 2019, the Bosch method for quantitatively accelerated testing of thermo-oxidative stability of greases with the RapidOxy test apparatus was presented. This method differs from ASTM D8206 and DIN 51830-1 because it measures the grease in contact with the oxidation catalysts steel or brass and it is additionally used to calculate the Arrhenius activation energy of the grease. The oxidation induction time which is indicated by a significant decrease of the autoclave pressure gradient is applied as criterion for grease service life. The method was introduced to the DIN working group “grease ageing” and a laboratory study with participation of seven member laboratories was carried out. The objective of this study was to evaluate repeatability and reproducibility of this method and to verify the application of Arrhenius law for this mechanism. The study was carried out with a commercially available lubricating grease of NLGI-class 2 which consists of a lithium 12-hydroxystearate thickener, mineral oil and an additive package. The grease was spread in thin layers on either steel or brass plates and the activation energy was measured at 130 °C, 145 °C and 160 °C. The oxidation induction times at different temperatures were used to derive the activation energies of the Arrhenius equation on both plate materials. The applicability of Arrhenius law was verified by R2-values above 0,998 for a linear regression in the Arrhenius plot. Results indicated remarkably low scattering of values. The values of activation energies of this specific grease were in the range of 126 - 134 kJ/mol on steel and 99 - 113 kJ/mol on brass. The pressure curve as evaluation criterion was correlated with visual inspection and rheological flow curves. Based on the results of this collaborative study and on internal experiences at Bosch, this method was proposed to DIN in 2020 for definition as a new industry standard. The draft “mDIN 51830-2 Testing of greases – Determination of oxidation resistance of greases – Part 2: Determination of the Arrhenius activation energy of thermo-oxidative degradation” is currently in review of the DIN working group and an official round robin test with several greases and more laboratories is currently in preparation.

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33

Amini, Roghayeh, Elaheh Rahimpour, and Abolghasem Jouyban. "Determination of morphine and its metabolites in the biological samples: an updated review." Bioanalysis 12, no. 16 (August 2020): 1161–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio-2020-0070.

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Morphine (MO) as an opioid analgesic is used for the treatment of moderate-to-severe pains, particularly cancer-related pains. Pharmacologic studies on MO are complicated due to drugs binding to the protein or metabolization to active metabolites, and even inter-individual variability. This necessitates the selection of a reliable analytical method for monitoring MO and the concentrations of its metabolites in the biological samples for the pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic investigations. Therefore, this study was conducted to review all the analytical research carried out on MO and its metabolites in the biological samples during 2007–2019 as an update to the study by Bosch et al. (2007).

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34

Cao, He, and Wei Hua Wu. "Simulation Study on Deep Hole Drilling Machine Hydraulic System Based on System Schematic Diagram." Advanced Materials Research 136 (October 2010): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.136.144.

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Aiming at the issues of cumbersome modeling process and complicated programs, the hydraulic system simulation software automation studio is introduced, which is based on system schematic diagram. Taking the hydraulic system of deep hole drilling machine for example, by using automation studio, the motor’s input pressure and flow are simulated and studied, and this system is debugged on bosch rexroth experiment table, the parameter test results are basically the same with their simulation results. This simulation method can accurately simulate the system’s working state, simplify the process of modeling and parameter adjustment, and provide a good way for hydraulic system design and dynamic characteristic study.

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35

DZIUBIŃSKI, Mieczysław, Artur DROZD, Paweł KORDOS, and Arkadiusz SYTA. "Diagnosing the automobile starting system." Combustion Engines 170, no. 3 (August 1, 2017): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2017-303.

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This article presents a new method for analysing the torque of an internal combustion engine using registered electromechanical runs and magnetic field distribution in a starter. The aim of the study was to develop a model of the starting current of an internal combustion engine and carry out verification tests on real objects. The developed model allows to simulate the shutdown of individual cylinders. Experimental research was conducted using the Bosch FSA 740 equipment for four internal combustion engines under variable operating conditions. During testing, the starting current and relative compression in cylinders were recorded. Simulating the variable load of the starter, the magnetic induction distribution of the magnetic induction was recorded in the feed slot. The research will be used to develop a method of diagnosing the starter and determining the torque of the internal combustion engine.

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36

Mifuji, Shinichiro, Koji Adachi, Tatsunori Tsukioka, and Satomitsu Imai. "Thermal Driving Method and Displacement Properties of a Thin-Film Polyimide Diaphragm for a MEMS Actuator." Key Engineering Materials 523-524 (November 2012): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.523-524.563.

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A thin-film polyimide diaphragm for a MEMS actuator was fabricated and its process and mechanical characteristics were investigated. Owing to its low elastic modulus and the thin-film process, a thin-film polyimide diaphragm has a merit in terms of producing a large displacement. Given that merit, spin coating was used for forming a thin film of polyamide, and deep-RIE (Bosch process) was used for fabricating the diaphragm section of the actuator. Thin-film polyimide diaphragms with micrometer-order thickness were fabricated. To drive the diaphragm as an actuator, the following two methods were applied: heat expansion by applying an electric current and volume expansion of a gas-liquid phase-change material confined in a cavity between polyimide diaphragms. As for the former method, an aluminum thin film is deposited on the diaphragm. As for the latter, paraffin (vaporized by heating) is used as the phase-change material. Displacement characteristics for each method were revealed by the experiments. In the case of both methods, displacements of tens of micrometers were outputted. Experiments of driving actuator confirmed that the proposed systems work as actuators. The actuators developed in this research are applicable to micro-pumps for medical and other uses.

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37

Dekker, Vincent, and Karsten Schweikert. "A Comparison of Different Data-driven Procedures to Determine the Bunching Window." Public Finance Review 49, no. 2 (March 2021): 262–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091142121993055.

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In this article, we compare three data-driven procedures to determine the bunching window in a Monte Carlo simulation of taxable income. Following the standard approach in the empirical bunching literature, we fit a flexible polynomial model to a simulated income distribution, excluding data in a range around a prespecified kink. First, we propose to implement methods for the estimation of structural breaks to determine a bunching regime around the kink. A second procedure is based on Cook’s distances aiming to identify outlier observations. Finally, we apply the iterative counterfactual procedure proposed by Bosch, Dekker, and Strohmaier which evaluates polynomial counterfactual models for all possible bunching windows. While our simulation results show that all three procedures are fairly accurate, the iterative counterfactual procedure is the preferred method to detect the bunching window when no prior information about the true size of the bunching window is available.

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38

Garagounis, Vourros, Stoukides, Dasopoulos, and Stoukides. "Electrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia: Recent Efforts and Future Outlook." Membranes 9, no. 9 (August 30, 2019): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes9090112.

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Анотація:

Ammonia is a key chemical produced in huge quantities worldwide. Its primary industrial production is via the Haber-Bosch method; a process requiring high temperatures and pressures, and consuming large amounts of energy. In the past two decades, several alternatives to the existing process have been proposed, including the electrochemical synthesis. The present paper reviews literature concerning this approach and the experimental research carried out in aqueous, molten salt, or solid electrolyte cells, over the past three years. The electrochemical systems are grouped, described, and discussed according to the operating temperature, which is determined by the electrolyte used, and their performance is valuated. The problems which need to be addressed further in order to scale-up the electrochemical synthesis of ammonia to the industrial level are examined.

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39

Yuan, Saifei, Hao Ren, Houyu Zhu, and Wenyue Guo. "Janus MoSSe monolayer coordinated single B atom as an efficient catalyst for nitrogen reduction to ammonia." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2390, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2390/1/012008.

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Abstract Electrochemical nitrogen fixation under ambient conditions is an energy-saving and environmental-friendly method alternative to the Haber-Bosch process, but is subjected to efficient electrocatalysts. Through density functional theory (DFT) computations, we systematically investigate the NRR performance of single B atom substitution S and Se atom in the Janus MoSSe monolayer (BSMoSSe and BSeMoSSe) as a single atom catalyst (SAC). The results show that BSMoSSe and BSeMoSSe are promising catalysts with a low energy barrier of 0.10 eV and 0.27 eV and excellent NRR selectivity. Charge density differences confirmed the N2 activation mechanism of acceptance-donation between B and adsorbed N2. These findings bring a new strategy for NH3 production by BSMoSSe and BSeMoSSe electrocatalysts under ambient conditions.

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40

Schorr, Sebastian, Dirk Bähre, and Andreas Schütze. "Assessment of quality predictions achieved with machine learning using established measurement process capability procedures in manufacturing." tm - Technisches Messen 89, no. 4 (February 26, 2022): 240–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/teme-2021-0125.

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Abstract The increasing amount of available process data from machining and other manufacturing processes together with machine learning methods provide new possibilities for quality control and condition monitoring. A prediction of the workpiece quality in an early machining stage can be used to alter current quality control strategies and could lead to savings in terms of time, cost and resources. However, most methods are tested under controlled lab conditions and few implementations in real manufacturing processes have been reported yet. The main reason for this slow uptake of this promising technology is the need to prove the capability of a machine learning method for quality prediction before it can be applied in serial production and supplement current quality control methods. This article introduces and compares approaches from the fields of machine learning and quality management in order to assess predictions. The comparison and adaption of the two approaches is carried out for an industrial use case at Bosch Rexroth AG where the diameter and the roundness of bores are predicted with machine learning based on process data.

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41

Wang, Guangbin, Renna Zhao, Fahao Ma, Zeyan Wang, Peng Wang, Yuanyuan Liu, Hefeng Cheng, Ying Dai, Zhaoke Zheng, and Baibiao Huang. "Enhancing Electrocatalytic N2 Conversion to NH3 by MnO2 Ultralong Nanowires with Oxygen Vacancies." Journal of Photocatalysis 2, no. 2 (July 29, 2021): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2665976x02666210407142545.

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Background: At present, industrial synthesis of NH3 mainly relies on the Haber-Bosch process, which is characterized by harsh reaction conditions and high energy consumption. Electrochemical nitrogen reduction is considered to be a mild and sustainable alternative method for producing NH3, but efficient electrocatalyst under ambient conditions is the prerequisite for NH3 production. Objective: To demonstrate that CP@MnO2 ultralong nanowires are a highly-efficient electrocatalyst for N2 reduction reaction (NRR) under ambient conditions. Methods: The α-phase MnO2 synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method has an ultralong nanowires structure and oxygen vacancy defects. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM, XPS, etc. The produced NH3 was estimated by indophenol blue method by UV-vis absorption spectra. Results: Such catalyst attains high Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 8.8% and a large NH3 yield of 1.13×10−10 mol cm−2 s−1 at −0.7 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1 M Na2SO4. In addition, the catalyst also shows high electrochemical stability and selectivity for NH3 formation. Conclusion: MnO2 ultralong nanowires can expose higher density of active sites and the spontaneously formed oxygen vacancies can manipulate the electronic structure of manganese oxides and provide coordination unsaturation sites (CUS) to enhance the adsorption of N2, which is the main reason for the high activity of the catalyst.

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42

MAGORI, Bumpei, Daiki YASUDA, Tomonari YASHIRO, Jun TANIMOTO, Hiroatsu FUKUDA, Takao AKAGAWA, Kozo SHIRAKAWA, et al. "RESEARCH OF METHOD, REDUCING DAMAGE OF ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY USE, AT HUIS TEN BOSCH IN NAGASAKI(Building Economics and Housing Problems)." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 11, no. 22 (2005): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.11.491.

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43

SONG, WOOJIN, KYUBONG JUNG, DOO-MAN CHUN, SUNG-HOON AHN, and CAROLINE SUNYONG LEE. "DEPOSITION OF Al2O3 POWDERS USING NANO-PARTICLE DEPOSITION SYSTEM." Surface Review and Letters 17, no. 02 (April 2010): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x10013710.

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In this paper, alumina film was deposited using supersonic micronozzle in nano-particle deposition System (NPDS). Powder deposition at room temperature is important in the field of film deposition since high processing temperature can be a serious limitation for the deposition on flexible substrate. Previously, many studies have been reported on particle deposition, such as aerosol deposition method (ADM) or cold spray method. However, these deposition methods cannot be applied to various types of powders. Recently, NPDS using aluminum nozzle was designed to resolve these problems but it cannot deposit precise patterns less than 1 mm. In this study, alumina particles were deposited using Silicon-based micronozzle in NPDS. Three-dimensional silicon micronozzle was fabricated using semiconductor processing method, specifically deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) method. The silicon micronozzle fabricated by Bosch process is advantageous over the conventionally used nozzle, since the hardness of silicon is higher than that of aluminum and the lifetime can be increased. In this study, alumina nano-particles were accelerated to supersonic level at the neck of micronozzle and deposited on the substrate in a low vacuum condition. The film characteristics were evaluated using field-emission scanning electronic microscope (FE-SEM) and alpha step to measure its thickness of the deposited layer. The deposition result showed that alumina powders were successfully deposited using the fabricated micronozzle by means of NPDS.

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44

Qureshi, Saima, Noorhana Yahya, Chong Fai Kait, Bilal Alqasem, Zia ur Rehman та Muhammad Irfan. "Enhanced Catalytic Activity of α-Fe₂O₃ with the Adsorption of Gases for Ammonia Synthesis". Materials Science Forum 880 (листопад 2016): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.880.15.

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Ab initio density functional theory employed to study the adsorption of hydrogen and nitrogen gas molecule on the α-Fe2O3 (111) surface for ammonia synthesis. The calculated adsorption energy is-4.70kcal/mol, -4.60kcal/mol,-4.38kcal/mol and-3.77kcal/mol for different orientations of adsorbed gas molecules and shows that system is stable and gas molecules have adsorbed. It can also be seen with adsorption of gas molecules the net spin of hematite enhanced from 0 to 2 hence confirms the activity of hematite surface. Hematite nanowires synthesized by oxidation method. Raman spectrum analyses demonstrates that the nanowires are single-crystalline. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) reveals that the nanowires have lengths of 10-25 μm. The magnetic saturation of the nanowires is 15.6 emu/g investigated by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Ammonia was synthesized by magnetic induction method using the hematite nanowires as catlyst and quantified by Kjeldahl method. It is found that the role of gases adsorption was able to enhance catalytic activity of hematite nanowires for the ammonia synthesis. This green synthesis method could be a contender to the Haber-Bosch process currently used by the industry.

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45

van den Bosch, Frank C., and Tim de Zeeuw. "Nuclear Disks Embedded in Elliptical Galaxies." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 171 (1996): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900233767.

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The Hubble Space Telescope has discovered a number of ellipticals and S0's with small nuclear, stellar disks (eg. van den Bosch et al. 1994, AJ, 108, 1579). The kinematics of these disks may allow a derivation of the central mass density of the host galaxy, in much the same way as is possible with ionized gas disks (e.g. M87; Harms et al. 1994, ApJ, 435, L35). In order to understand the kinematic signatures of these disks, we have constructed two-integral, axisymmetric models of ellipticals with nuclear stellar disks. We use the method developed by Hunter & Qian (1993, MNRAS, 262, 401) to calculate f(E, Lz), from which we derive the velocity profiles (VPs). Depending on the choice of the odd part of the DF, one can construct a large variety of models including some with counter-rotating cores.

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46

Wu, Gang, Xinyi Zhou, and Tie Li. "Temporal Evolution of Split-Injected Fuel Spray at Elevated Chamber Pressures." Energies 12, no. 22 (November 11, 2019): 4284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12224284.

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For reducing soot and NOx emissions, an effective method is to apply split injection strategies. In this research, characteristics of split injection were investigated by applying the pilot-main injection strategy and main-post injection strategy. The injection mass of fuel with the two strategies was measured by an in-house fuel injection rate test system based on the Bosch method. The development of spray tip and tail penetrations, as well as the evolvement of the spray angle when applying these two injection strategies, were explored by employing the high speed shadowgraphy at various injection pressures and surrounding gas densities. The results indicate the tail penetration rate of spray has no relation to the fuel injection pressure. However, the increased injection pressure causes a faster penetration development in the spray tip position. It was also found that the spray tip penetration rate of the second spray is slightly slower than that of the first spray at the beginning stage of injection, but it was significantly larger than the first one at the later stage.

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47

Bertini, Silvia, Matteo Verotti, Alvise Bagolini, Pierliugi Bellutti, Giuseppe Ruta, and Nicola Belfiore. "Scalloping and Stress Concentration in DRIE-Manufactured Comb-Drives." Actuators 7, no. 3 (September 5, 2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act7030057.

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In the last decades, microelectromechanical systems have been increasing their number of degrees of freedom and their structural complexity. Hence, most recently designed MEMSs have required higher mobility than in the past and higher structural strength and stability. In some applications, device thickness increased up to the order of tens (or hundred) of microns, which nowadays can be easily obtained by means of DRIE Bosch process. Unfortunately, scalloping introduces stress concentration regions in some parts of the structure. Stress concentration is a dangerous source of strength loss for the whole structure and for comb-drives actuators which may suffer from side pull-in. This paper presents an analytical approach to characterize stress concentrations in DRIE micro-machined MEMS. The method is based on the linear elasticity equations, the de Saint-Venant Principle, and the boundary value problem for the case of a torsional state of the beam. The results obtained by means of this theoretical method are then compared with those obtained by using two other methods: one based on finite difference discretization of the equations, and one based on finite element analysis (FEA). Finally, the new theoretical approach yields results which are in accordance with the known value of the stress concentration factor for asymptotically null radius notches.

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48

Storti, Edoardo, Laura Cattaneo, Adalberto Polenghi, and Luca Fumagalli. "Customized Knowledge Discovery in Databases methodology for the Control of Assembly Systems." Machines 6, no. 4 (October 2, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines6040045.

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The advent of Industry 4.0 has brought to extremely powerful data collection possibilities. Despite this, the potential contained in databases is often partially exploited, especially focusing on the manufacturing field. There are several root causes of this paradox, but the crucial one is the absence of a well-established and standardized Industrial Big Data Analytics procedure, in particular for the application within the assembly systems. This work aims to develop a customized Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) procedure for its application within the assembly department of Bosch VHIT S.p.A., active in the automotive industry. The work is focused on the data mining phase of the KDD process, where ARIMA method is used. Various applications to different lines of the assembly systems show the effectiveness of the customized KDD for the exploitation of production databases for the company, and for the spread of such a methodology to other companies too.

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49

Mok, Dong Hyeon, WooSeok Lee, JongSeung Kim, Hyun Dong Jung, Ho Yeon Jang, SungJin Moon, ChaeHyeon Lee, and Seoin Back. "Computation and Machine Learning for Catalyst Discovery." Ceramist 25, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 126–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31613/ceramist.2022.25.2.08.

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Towards a sustainable energy future, it is essential to develop new catalysts with improved properties for key catalytic systems such as Haber-Bosch process, water electrolysis and fuel cell. Unfortunately, the current state-of-the-art catalysts still suffer from high cost of noble metals, insufficient catalytic activity and long-term stability. Furthermore, the current strategy to develop new catalysts relies on “trial-and-error” method, which could be time-consuming and inefficient. To tackle this challenge, atomic-level simulations have demonstrated the potential to facilitate catalyst discovery. For the past decades, the simulations have become reasonably accurate so that they can provide useful insights toward the origin of experimentally observed improvements in catalytic properties. In addition, with the exponential increase in computing power, high-throughput catalyst screening has become feasible. More excitingly, recent advances in machine learning have opened the possibility to further accelerate catalyst discovery. Herein, we introduce recent applications and challenges of computation and machine learning for catalyst discovery.

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50

Lasocki, Jakub. "Ammonia and conventional engine fuels: comparative environmental impact assessment." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400091.

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Ammonia has recently attracted great attention as a fuel for internal combustion engines. The aim of this study was to compare the environmental impact caused by the production processes of ammonia and conventional engine fuels – gasoline and diesel oil. Present fuel technology, commonly used in Europe, was investigated. Haber-Bosch process for ammonia synthesis was considered, coupled with steam methane reforming (SMR) and partial oxidation of heavy oils (POX) as sources of hydrogen. Fuel technology was evaluated with the use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), based on a total emission of selected pollutants, including greenhouse gases, total consumption of water and primary energy, as well as Eco-indicator 99 score. LCA results indicated that current industrial methods for ammonia production have unambiguously more negative impact on the environment, compared to fossil fuel technologies, when energy content of the fuel is taken into account. The environmental load of ammonia production process depends strictly on the method of hydrogen obtaining. SMR has lower negative impact on the environment than POX. In order for ammonia to be considered as a potential transportation fuel, the use of hydrogen generation pathways that are less burdensome to the environment should be promoted.

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