Дисертації з теми "Bois – Déchets – Traitement thermique"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Bois – Déchets – Traitement thermique".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Quirino, Waldir Ferreira. "Valorisation énergétique de déchets de bois par pyrolyse étagée." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10220.
Tezanou, Jacques. "Evaluation environnementale et technique de la gestion des déchets ménagers de Ouagadougou : schémas de gestion et expérimentation de traitement thermique." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2253.
Gibier, Maximilien. "Optimisation de l’intégration de déchets dans un procédé de fabrication de panneaux isolants en fibres de bois." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0132.
The PAVATEX company, which belongs to SOPREMA group is a manufacturer of insulating wood fiber panels, is interested in expanding its supply sources to other less expensive wood species within the SoPRANo'TEX project. In addition, in order to contribute actively to the development of the furniture wood waste recycling industry, the introduction of wood waste is part of the project's goals. These wastes contain a significant part of additives, in particular urea-formaldehyde glue, which it is convenient to remove to improve the use of this type of waste as raw material in the timber industry.This is why a thermal treatment stage is envisaged for the wood wastes, on the one hand to " clean " the matter and also to confer to the wood some specific properties by reducing its hygroscopic character. The outcomes expected are a reduction of the energy consumption of the defibration stage, a limitation of the transfer of pollutants to the gaseous and liquid effluents of the defibering stage and an improvement of the final material properties, in particular concerning its dimensional stability, its durability against fungi and its thermal performances in wet conditions. A second way of waste depollution, hydrothermolysis (or steam cooking), has been identified during the thesis. Indeed, the resins contained in the DEA are easily hydrolyzed, which allows to decontaminate efficiently the material while limiting the degradation of the wood.The thesis focuses on the thermal treatment, defibering and hydrothermolysis processes with the objective of analyzing the liquid and gaseous effluents for each process. The aim of this work is also to optimize the operating conditions of these processes in order to produce thermally treated wood wastes, in large quantities (pilot scale), in order to elaborate fibers adapted to the manufacture of wood fiber insulating panels. The last phase of the thesis work consists in the manufacturing and in the performance characterization of panels prototypes manufactured and to determine the impact of various parameters. A technico-economic study is also proposed from the state of the art and experimental data according to the proposed scenarios to evaluate the interest of these ways
Signoret, Christian. "Réseaux polyuréthannes classiques et contenant des motifs furanniques pour le confinement de déchets radioactifs : relations structure-propriétés." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0088.
Marin, Nicolas. "Étude du comportement thermique et valorisation des déchets du bois." Metz, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2001/Marin.Nicolas.SMZ0106.pdf.
In the frame of the European program Inco-Copernicus “Bioval Network”, our study consisted in the characterization of the thermal behavior of the samples defined in the network. This was realized by thermal analysis using different experimental conditions. For the second part of this work, results of wood pyrolysis in autoclave were studied. Considering the fact that several biomass-plastic composites are actually prepared, or that waste upgrading needs treatment of biomass products and plastic materials, we also analyzed results of wood-plastic copyrolysis in autoclave. In particular, we insisted on analyzing light liquid fractions (bp < 180° C, under atmospheric pressure) of our experiments. Main results are : using two thermogravimetric configurations, obtained results are comparable so much for characteristic temperatures than for weight evolutions ; concerning kinetic parameters, obtained values are in agreement with those of the literature and the degradation of the studied polymers is independent of wood whatever its origin. This shows that during heating wood-plastic mixture, in TGA conditions, results are additive. As demonstrated in this work, the mixtures of the different types of biomass and polyolefinic polymers can be radically converted to liquid products by pyrolysis under inert atmosphere in the autoclave conditions. The origin of biomass as well as the type of polymers plays an important role on final product distribution. Obtained results demonstrate the potential of wood-plastic copyrolysis process for utilization of lignocellulosic waste in liquid production
Woessner, Philippe. "Influence d'un traitement thermique sur la résistance mécanique du bois." Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13615.
Marculescu, Cosmin. "Contribution à l'étude des processus pour le traitement thermique des déchets ménagers et assimilés." Compiègne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006COMP1638.
This work has been carried out on the heterogeneous solid waste characterization for further thermal treatment processing and on the identification of the optimum solutions for their energy valorization. The aim was to optimize the choice of the treatment process by suiting itself (according) to waste type. Experiments on laboratory and pilot scale installations were carried out on different products (municipal solid waste - MSW, industrial waste). The influence of operating conditions as well as product characteristics was investigated. A methodology was proposed enabling the extrapolation to industrial scale of obtained results on waste laboratory treatment. A comparative study on combustion, pyrolysis and gasification processes was undertaken in order to establish the thermal - kinetics of physical - chemical transformation of waste. The obtained results allowed to identify the operating parameters adapted to waste type that lead to a better energy conversion
Nebesarova, Ivana. "Etude d'un procédé de traitement pour l'association bois-polymère." Grenoble INPG, 1996. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00842820.
Sanya, Emile Adjibade. "Analyse du traitement hydro-amido-thermique de bois gorgé d'eau : application à la restauration-préservation du bois archéologique." La Rochelle, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LAROS057.
Ahajji, Abdelaziz. "Durabilité de l'aspect naturel et conféré du bois : Amélioration par des traitements chimique et thermique." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10066.
The improvement of the durability of the surface aspect of a wood covered with a clearcoating is a veritable economic issue as far as outdoors use of timber is concerned. The variability of the photochemical behaviour of the various wood objects is assigned to the nature and the content of the extracts. First, we analyzed the natural color of a broad range of wood species of varied origins and its durability during a photochemical ageing. Correlations between the variations of the chromatic coordinates and the origin, the content and the antioxidant properties of the extracts were investigated. Second, we have attempted to improve the stability of a conferred wood color by environmentaly friendly treatments: impregnation by durable wood extracts and heat treatment. EPR was used to follow the kinetics of the radical species formations involved in the wood photodegradation. The last part was devoted to the study of the stabilization of the wood aspect by chemical modification of the phenolic chromophores of the wood components
Repellin, Vincent. "Optimisation des paramètres durée et température d'un traitement thermique du bois. Modifications des propriétés d'usage du bois en relation avec les modifications physico-chimiques et ultrastructurales occasionnées par le traitement thermique." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012090.
La première partie de cette étude concerne l'optimisation des paramètres durée et température de traitement. Dans un premier temps une approche procédé montre qu'il est possible d'améliorer la conduite du traitement en diminuant la température et en augmentant la durée. Les possibilité d'amélioration des propriétés du bois rétifié sont ensuite vérifiées et discutées à l'échelle du matériau massif.
Dans la deuxième partie, nous nous sommes attaché à trouver des moyens de contrôle rapides des propriétés d'usage du bois rétifié. Nous avons contribué à mettre en relation les modifications physico-chimiques et ultrastructurales avec les modifications des propriétés d'usage du bois (stabilité et résistance mécanique).
Mburu, Francis. "Etude et valorisation de différents bois du Kenya." Nancy 1, 2007. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2007_0057_MBURU.pdf.
Prunus africana heartwood and sapwood were extracted using different solvents. Extractives were tested against fungi and termites in relation to the natural durability of Prunus africana. These were tested against Coriolus versicolor, Poria placenta, and Aureobasidium pullulans at concentrations. High inhibition was realized and increased with extract concentration. In some instances, fungal growth started after the control Petri dish was fully colonized showing fungistatic effect than fungicidal effect. Extracted and un-extracted wood samples were also tested against termites. When tested against Coriolus versicolor in the laboratory Prunus africana showed high natural durability. Extracted wood showed low resistance against termites while un-extracted was totally resistant. Dichloromethane extract showed the highest inhibition rate compared to water, acetone and toluene/ethanol extracts against fungi and termites. Microscopie analysis indicate the presence of important quantities of extractives deposited in the vessels which are removed after Soxhlet extraction. Spectroscopie and chromatographie analysis were investigated on dichloromethane extract to identify the compounds responsible for biological activities. Grevillea robusta was treated by cheap sap displacement method using Copper Chrome Arsenate (CCA). Results showed adequate penetration and retention for wood use in different hazard areas. Resistance of Greviflea robusta heat-treated samples was evaluated by malt agar block test against six wood rotting fungi a well as against termites in laboratory and field conditions. High durability against fungi and termites was realized after treatment. There was a positive correlation between decay resistance and mass loss due to thermal treatment. FTIR and 13C MAS NMR analysis showed chemical modification of wood components alte heat treatment
Weiland, Jean-jacques. "Etude physico-chimique du traitement thermique du bois : Optimisation de paramètres du procédé de rétification." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00820822.
Bergeron, Éric. "Étude du traitement thermique de déchets liquides dans un réacteur à plasma inductif." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq21716.pdf.
Bergeron, Éric. "Étude du traitement thermique de déchets liquides dans un réacteur à plasma inductif." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1995. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/971.
Permadi, Pipin. "Optimisation du traitement thermique appliqué au bois d'oeuvre pour l'amélioration des propriétés des espèces non durables." Compiègne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000COMP1270.
Rendek, Eva. "Influence des procédés de la filière traitement thermique sur les caractéristiques et les évolutions bio-physico-chimiques des Mâchefers d'Incinération d'Ordures Ménagères (MIOM)." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0041/these.pdf.
The waste input and the process technology of the plant appear to have a great influence on bottom ash quality. To better understand how these parameters can affect the residues characteristics, bottom ash from 6 different plants were tested and compared in this study. Bottom ash physico-chemical characteristics were investigated by chemical analyses, and leaching tests. In order to understand their long-term behavior, accelerated ageing experiments and biodegradation tests were also performed. The whole analyses gave complementary information. It was shown that the 6 samples do have different properties. Waste input have a great influence on Cl and S content in bottom ash, as well as on the Ca/Si ratio. The importance of this ratio on carbonation process has been demonstrated. Combustion parameters have an influence on quantity and mobility of the residual organic matter. Biological and physicochemical experiments were coupled with a view to developing a new rapid assessment method of bottom ash quality. Comparative results of leaching tests and biodegradation experiments showed a positive correlation between dissolved carbon and microbial activity. However, quantities of biodegraded or leached carbon are not representative of the samples total organic carbon content. Thermal analysis have revealed the presence of two fractions of organic components, showing different thermal behaviors. One of them can be directly linked to the leachable and biodegradable organic matter fraction. Calorimetric test is then a novel analysis method that allows to provide rapid and global information concerning the characteristics of organic matter in bottom ash and its possible short and long-term evolution
Hakkou, Mohammed. "Procédé de traitement thermique du bois, évolution de la composition chimique et des propriétés macroscopiques : Identification d'un paramètre de contrôle de la durabilité." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10018.
It is generally accepted that thermal treatment of wood by mild pyrolysis improved its durability to fungal degradation. This improvement is generally explained by 4 hypothesis: the low affinity of heat-treated wood to water, the generation of toxic compounds, the chemical modification of the main wood polymers and the degradation of hemicelluloses. Ln order to confirm or flot the previous hypothesis, the durability of heat-treated beech wood towards Coriolus versicolor was evaluated according to different parameters like mass, wettability or chemical composition. There was insufficient evidence to support the hypothesis for the generation of fungicidal compounds or for the hydrophobie character. The most plausible hypothesis concerns its chemical modifications. Indeed, degradation of hemicelluloses associated to lignin chemical modifications could be at the origin of improved durability. Moreover the results show a good correlation between the weight loss during the treatment and the fungal durability. From this correlation we propose a quality contrai for the thermal treatment
Nguila-Inari, Gildas Gérardin Philippe Pétrissans Mathieu. "Contribution à la compréhension des modifications moléculaires et macromoléculaires intervenant lors du traitement thermique du bois Effet sur la réactivité chimique et sur la durabilité du matériau /." S. l. : Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2008_0106_NGUILA-INARI.pdf.
Hannouz, Simon. "Développement d’indicateurs pour la caractérisation mécanique et la durabilité des bois traités thermiquement." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0047/document.
The heat treatment of wood has been a growing industry in the last decade, but its development is curbed by the lack of certifications. Heat-treated wood is a new material whose mechanical properties and durability are modified by heat transfer and chemical reactions of biopolymers. This study aims at finding non-destructive indicators that can guarantee heat-treated wood quality. The characterization of several species heated by Bois Durables de Bourgogne first enables to assess the influence of heat treatment on various samples using small specimens free from defects. This first approach shows a marked improvement of durability ensuring uses in hazard class 4, and variations of mechanical properties depending on studied reaction. Properties that appear as the most relevant in terms of certifications are bending strength and mass loss due to heat treatment. The latter is directly linked to durability owing to studies previously led by LERMAB. At this stage vibration analysis seems to be a proper way to estimate treatment intensity. In a second part ash wood is studied under four treatment intensity, between 170 and 228 °C on large specimens. This second approach confirms that vibration analysis is an appropriate indicator to estimate mass loss, but does not predict bending strength. Wood elemental composition which has been already highlighted as an indicator by other studies is not suitable for an industrial application. On the other hand the area under the treatment chart is a global measurement which is easily available and well correlated with mean values of bending strength and mass loss
Weiland, Jean-Jacques. "Etude physico-chimique du traitement thermique du bois. Optimisation de paramètres du procédé de rétification." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00820822.
Hamada, Joël. "Effet de la variabilité intra et interspécifique du bois sur les procédés de traitement thermique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0254/document.
In the context of sustainable development which has seen the introduction of the biocides directive BPD 98/8/CE in the EU, innovative wood preservation practices such as Heat Treatment (HT) become relevant. Wood HT, also termed wood thermal modification, is a physical modification technology by which wood is heated at around 200 °C in an inert atmosphere. The main purpose of the treatment is to improve the biological durability and dimensional stability of wood. Current studies on thermally modified wood (TMW) quality are focusing on treated material, on treatment conditions or on species effect on the end-product characteristics. Relatively little is known about the effect of intrinsic wood properties on its thermal modification. As wood properties vary especially under the influence of human activities through sylviculture, this thesis studied the effect of European oak and silver fir wood density and chemical composition on their thermal modification kinetic. An X rays computed tomography (CT) and densitometer were used to characterize wood samples. Boards were heat-treated by conduction under vacuum using a pilot furnace, whereas sawdust samples underwent thermo-gravimetric analysis under nitrogen. The analysis allowed finding intra- and interspecific variations, especially within growth rings and along radial direction (from pith to bark). Forest management impacted heat modification kinetic of the studied samples, especially in silver fir where fast grown wood was more sensitive to treatment. The finding will be used as additional information to the wood industry which will account for homogeneity of loadings destined to heat treatment
Nebesarova, Ivana. "Étude d'un procédé de traitement pour l'association bois-polymère." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842820.
Yeshanew, Martha Minale. "Amélioration des rendements de traitement des déchets par digestion anaérobie : rôle d'un pré-traitement thermique et d'un traitement en bioréacteur en deux étapes." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1166.
Anaerobic digestion (AD) has been used over a century for an effective treatment of organic wastes. Interest in anaerobic treatment is continually increasing since it presents significant advantages when compared to alternative biological treatments and waste disposal options. This research study was mainly focused on optimization of the AD process, that was achieved through two different strategies. The first aimed at increasing the substrate biodegradability by a means of thermal pretreatment. The second was focused on the application of a biofilm based system to improve the biogas production rates and minimize the reactor size.Food waste (FW) was mainly used as a model substrate due to its suitable composition, abundance and renewability. In this thesis the influence of thermal pretreatment temperature on organic matter solubilization and methane yield of FW under different operational conditions was investigated. Significant improvement of the FW solubilization and biodegradability were observed for all thermally pretreated FW compared to the untreated FW. The highest biodegradability enhancement, i.e. + 28 %, was observed for FW treated at the lowest thermal pretreatment temperature, i.e. 80 ⁰C. The results showed a strong correlation between the substrate type (e.g. carbohydrate, protein and lipid content), the thermal pretreatment temperature and its effectiveness in promoting the biodegradability.In the second part of the work, a prolonged operation of an integrated two-stage system, including a continuously stirred tank and an anaerobic biofilm reactor, was carried out to produce biohythane (biohydrogen and methane) from the FW. The anaerobic biofilm reactor was employed to overcome the biomass wash-out from the reactor. The formation of a well-matured and balanced AD biomass greatly improved the process stability, which was not affected by shortening the hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 6 to 3.7 days in the first reactor and from 20 to 1.5 days in the second reactor. Moreover a two-stage system, comprised of a pilot scale batch dark fermenter and an anaerobic biofilm reactor co-producing hydrogen and methane from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), was used to assess the capability of the anaerobic biofilm reactor to face an organic shock loads. The results showed a faster recovery of anaerobic biofilm reactor performance after the shock load events
Boonstra, Michiel. "A two-stage thermal modification of wood." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10002/document.
Thermal modification or heat treatment is an effective method to improve the dimensional stability and biological durability of wood. An undesired side effect is the reduction of mechanical properties of wood, mainly due to the high temperatures involved (150-280°C). In this thesis the effects of heat treatment on wood properties are discussed in relation to anatomical and molecular changes found in wood after heat treatment. The results are based on investigations of a full-scale industrial heat treatment method under relative mild conditions (< 200°C) including a moist and dry treatment stage. Several changes and/or modifications of the main components of wood (cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin) appear to be involved in the effects of heat treatment on important wood properties like dimensional stability, strength/stiffness and biological durability. Although the effect of heat treatment on the anatomical structure of wood is limited, changes have been found affecting the properties of wood. This thesis provides a better understanding of thermal modification, which probably contributes to a more controlled use of heat-treated wood in service conditions
Abjaghou, Halima. "Valorisation des déchets de bois pour l'amélioration des performances ThERmiques des BRIques de terre cuite." Thesis, Limoges, 2020. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/2a1b1d80-0a98-43b0-81bf-245a31f69b84/blobholder:0/2020LIMO0080.pdf.
New regulations for the thermal requirements of buildings implies greater energy efficiency in order to decrease primary energy consumption. In this context, improving thermal insulation of building materials is necessary. The BRITER project, financed by the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region and the Carnot MECD institute, aims at developing innovative fired clay bricks, through addition of wooden furniture wastes, with low thermal conductivity and mechanical properties compatible with current norms on building materials. Wood wastes were selected and mixed as pore formers with raw clay materials MA. The effect of the size and the amount of wooden furniture wastes on the thermal and mechanical properties of the fired products was investigated. The addition of wooden furniture wastes into the clay mixture enabled a significant improvement of the thermal insulation. Results showed that addition of 10 wt.% wood wastes led to decrease by 45 % in the thermal conductivity of the material based on the clay matrix MA. The addition of wooden furniture waste also yielded decrease of the mechanical properties which can be directly related to the amount and the size. However, mechanical properties remain within the standard values of clay building materials. This project also examined for energy saving and environmental impact linked to the firing process of clay/wood wastes mixtures. The final study examined the use of lamellar pore-forming agent to develop fired clay porous materials shaped by pressing. Results showed that 80 % of pores were perpendiculary oriented to the pressing direction and thus the thermal conductivity was reduced by 54 %
Salman, Solafa. "Développement de nouvelles méthodes de préservation du bois basées sur l'utilisation combinée d'un traitement thermique et de borax." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0005/document.
Environmental pressures appeared in France and in Europe in the last decades have substantially changed the methods for wood protection. In this context the Biocidal Products Regulations and the Biocidal Products Directive lead to the development of more environmentally friendly preservation methods and the growing interest in non-biocidal alternatives such as thermal treatment or chemical modification. Wood heat treatment at temperatures of 180 to 220 °C leads to the chemical modification of wood cell wall polymers conferring new properties to the material like its increased decay resistance and high dimensional stability. Despite these improvements, the durability of wood heat treatment is not sufficient to envisage use class 3 and 4 applications; where the wood is in contact with soil or termites. Moreover, Boron compounds present fungicidal and termiticidal properties. However, boron compounds have the drawback of being very easily leached out from wood making it unusable for applications in outdoor conditions. Wood chemical modification carried by the impregnation of aqueous solutions (10 %) of maleic anhydride polyglycerol adduct or polyglycerol methacrylates or phenol-formaldehyde resin, with or without borax followed by heat treatment at 220°C has shown some improvement of thermally modified wood properties particularly its resistance to termites in case of leach or not
Bohnke, Isabelle. "Etude expérimentale et théorique des traitements thermiques du bois. Caractérisation physico-mécanique des bois traités." Paris, ENMP, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844044.
Khezami, Lotfi. "Production et caractérisation des charbons actifs à partir du bois et autres déchets végétaux : application en traitement des eaux." Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1552.
The kinetics of cellulose pyrolysis were studied from thermogravimetric data. The kinetic model of Prout-Tomkins type is adapted to the pyrolysis of cellulose. The energy of activation corresponding to cellulose, lignin and xylan has been identified in dynamic mode. The activated carbon produced from wood and its basic components have been characterised by BET and adsorption from aqueous solution. Simultaneous measurements of DTA-TGA allowed to compare the heat of reaction and the decomposition rate of the wood components. Its Chemical activation by KOH and H3PO4 produce AC with height surface and adsorption capacity. Thermocompression confer to the wood a density two times larger than its initial density. Chemical activation with KOH results in a high surface area with a good adsorption capacity AC. The measurements of adsorption capacities of metal ions provide relevant results. The kinetics of the sorption process are found to follow the pseudo-second order law
Giroud, Nicolas. "Optimisation de la formation d'espèces minérales soufrées en chambre de combustion lors de l'incinération de déchets dangeureux : cas du Mancozeb et d'un charbon actif soufré." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MULH6454.
Thermal treatment of dangerous wastes with high sulfur contents may lead to difficulties in thermal treatment unit control because of strong variation in sulfur contents. This work aims at favoring the in-situ formation of high temperature stable minerals in which sulfur is trapped. Thermal decomposition mechanism of two dangerous wastes (Mancozeb and a soiled activated carbon) have been investigated under both air and nitrogen atmosphere through thermogravimetric analysis. Knowing the temperature of gaseous emissions and the speciation of emitted sulfur compounds, made it possible to simulate the reactivity of sulfur with several calcium based products using the Enthalpy minimization model. Tests were then performed in a horizontal laboratory furnace to optimize the formation of sulfur minerals from lime and wastes, at 1100°C under air atmosphere. The occurrence of reducing conditions in some parts of the load leads to the formation of calcium sulfide, stable provided the reducing conditions are kept locally. Upscale tests were then performed in a grid furnace and confirmed the obtained at laboratory scale : sulfur is trapped by lime in calcium sulfide only in default of oxygen. The obtained sulfide containing residues were submitted to standardized leaching test NF-EN 12457-2. These residues respect the prevailing regulations concerning its admission in dangerous ultimate wastes storage center
Mukadi, Lukanda Samy. "Modélisation et simulation d'un réacteur à lit fluidisé circulant interne pour le traitement thermique de déchets solides industriels." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0006/NQ38728.pdf.
Nguila-Inari, Gildas. "Contribution à la compréhension des modifications moléculaires et macromoléculaires intervenant lors du traitement thermique du bois : Effet sur la réactivité chimique et sur la durabilité du matériau." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10106/document.
The chemical reactivity of heat treated wood was studied using various reagents such as acid anhydrides and isocyanates. The results indicate an important decrease of the reactivity of heat treated wood compared to untreated one. This decrease of reactivity is explained by an important degradation of hemicelluloses during the heat treatment leading to a reduction in the quantity of free hydroxyl groups able to react with the reagents used. Evolution of the chemical composition of wood during the heat treatment was then investigated using XPS spectroscopy. This method indicated an important decrease of O/C ratio of heat treated beech wood attributed to the formation of carbonization products inside the wood structure. Applied to softwood species, like the pine or the spruce, XPS spectroscopy do not allow to obtain useable results because of the migration of lipophilic extractives on the surface of the samples during the analysis. The formation of carbonization products resulting from the degradation of polysaccharides was confirmed by chemical analyses and CP/MAS 13C NMR. Formation of carbonization products was finally investigated by micro-analysis on samples subjected to different heat treatment conditions. Centesimal composition of wood highlight a strong correlation between the evolution of the carbon and oxygen percentages and the loss of mass caused by the reactions of thermodegradation during the treatment
Braci, Lamia. "Traitement d'effluents gazeux pollués par des mercaptans par procédé plasma non-thermique à pression atmosphérique : étude des mécanismes d'oxydation partielle en post-décharge." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066268.
Ouhaddad, Farès. "Caractérisation d'enceintes de traitement thermique par analyse des DTS des phases gaz et solides." Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1731.
The legislature imposes the implementation of the 3T rule in order to ensure a correct conduct and performance of waste heat treatment installations. However, while the minimum levels of treatment temperature and air excess can be easily checked; the time of least residence of fumes suffers from a possible absence of site control. Our work leads to the characterization of hot enclosures internal aerodynamics. Thanks to our developed methodology, from now on, it is not only possible to measure the actual time of gases residence in a heat treatment enclosure during the course of operation; but it is also possible to analyze the internal flow pathologies of fumes in a given installation, and that's by analysing the internal age's distribution of the gas molecules constituting the fume. This type of measurement can be carried out on site, thanks to a portable injection\detection metrological set. We extended the mentioned methodology, to the determination of the residence time distribution particulate (SRTD). The existing sampling/analyzing system was initially applied to the characterization of solid/gas flows of a circulating fluidized bed model. Then, it was used for the procedure of the determination of solids residence time (SRTD). Finally, the coupling of the SRTD methodology with the GRTD methodology, was applied on the determination of gas/solid flow aeraulic parameters (velocities: gas, particle and slide, porosity. . . )
Pierre, Floran. "Traitement thermique du bois en vue de sa valorisation énergétique : effet de l'intensité de traitement sur la composition chimique, les propriétés énergétiques et la résilience mécanique." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01066141.
Rogaume, Yann. "Physico-chimie de la dégradation thermique des molécules azotées : cas du polyamide et du polyuréthanne." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2286.
Menad, Nourreddine. "Traitements thermiques des déchets industriels dans différentes atmosphères contrôlées en vue de leur dépollution et/ou de leur recyclage." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL078N.
Rajohnson, Jean-Richard. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation du traitement thermique de rétification du bois massif sous gaz convectif en vue d'améliorer ses propriétés physico-chimiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842778.
Lin, Bo-Jhih. "Études de bois traités par pyrolyse douce dans un réacteur semi-industriel pour une production de matériaux durable : comportement thermique, changements de propriétés et modélisation cinétique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0023.
Mild pyrolysis is a promising and widely applied process conducted at 200-300 °C in an inert condition to produce sustainable materials (i.e. heat treated wood) or solid fuel (i.e. torrefied wood). The aim of this study is to investigate the woods heat treated in a semi-industrial scale reactor for sustainable material production. Two different European wood species, a hardwood species (poplar, Populus nigra) and a softwood species (fir, Abies pectinata), are used to perform the experiments. The present research is divided into three parts. In the first part, the thermal behavior of wood boards is studied in a semi-industrial scale reactor. The experiments are carried out at 200-230 °C with a heating rate of 0.2 °C min-1 in a vacuum condition (200 hPa) to intensify the thermal degradation. Four different stages of thermal degradation during wood heat treatment are defined based on the intensity of differential mass loss (DML). The devolatilization characteristics of treated woods are evaluated by the devolatilization index (DI) based on the results of proximate analysis. The correlation of DI with respect to mass loss of the two wood species is strongly characterized by linear distribution, which is able to provide a simple tool to predict the mass loss of wood. In the second part of the study, a number of analyses, such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, measurement of color change, equilibrium moisture content, and contact angle) are performed to evaluate the property changes of treated woods. The obtained results clearly demonstrate the thermal degradation through dehydration, deacetylation, depolymerization, and condensation reactions during the heat treatment. The observed phenomena of color change and hygroscopic transformation are illustrated and discussed in detail. The decarbonization, dehydrogenation, and deoxygenation of the treated woods are also evaluated. It is found that the three indexes can be well correlated to the total color difference and hygroscopicity reduction extent (HRE). In the last part of the study, the kinetic modeling of wood heat treatment is developed based on a two-step kinetic scheme. The obtained kinetics successfully predict dynamic solid yield of wood boards during the treatment in the semi-industrial reactor. Meanwhile, the prediction of elemental composition is also performed by a direct method based on the elemental analyses of untreated and treated woods at the end of the treatment, as well as the instantaneous solid yield. The results point out that the prediction of C, H, and O profiles are in good agreement with expected composition changes in the wood materials during treatment. In summary, the obtained results and established kinetics are conducive to recognizing the mechanisms of wood thermal degradation and can be used for heat treatment process and reactor design in industry to produce wood materials for various applications
Bouchikhi, Aurélie. "Contribution à la formulation d’un béton végétal structurel à base cimentaire incorporant des co-produits / déchets de bois." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MTLD0009.
The construction industry produces a high amount of greenhouse gases. In order to reduce the impact of materials on the environment, a lot of researches are focused on the study of different alternatives to limit the exhaustion of resources, the energy consumption and the rejection of polluting compounds. In this context, bio-based concrete seem to be a serious alternative to traditional concrete, with a lower carbon footprint.The aim of this industrial thesis, supported by the company ALKERN, leader in France and in Belgium for precast concrete products, is to contribute to the formulation of structural green concrete incorporating co-products / wood waste with an environmental impact lower than the Naturbloc®, a block already available on the market. This last product is made of wood aggregates mineralized and then introduced in a cementitious matrix.This work is divided into three parts. Firstly, the control wood (untreated) and reference wood (mineralized) were characterized. Then, alternative treatments to replace cement coating of wood were tested and characterized, especially in terms of water uptake and ability to leach or hold the extractives present in vegetables back. Their compatibility with a cementitious matrix was also evaluated. The study highlights the fact that the nature of the substrate has an influence on the results and on the interaction between aggregates and cementitious paste.Finally, treated wood was introduced into a cementitious matrix and in an alternative matrix with a lower environmental impact. The latter was obtained either by change of the binder or by use of additives in bio-based concrete. All the results show the existence of a direct link between physico-chemical properties of aggregates and mechanical performances of concrete
Duchez, Laurent. "Modélisation et contribution à l'industrialisation du procédé de rétification du bois." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00872327.
Lin, Bo-Jhih. "Études de bois traités par pyrolyse douce dans un réacteur semi-industriel pour une production de matériaux durable : comportement thermique, changements de propriétés et modélisation cinétique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0023/document.
Mild pyrolysis is a promising and widely applied process conducted at 200-300 °C in an inert condition to produce sustainable materials (i.e. heat treated wood) or solid fuel (i.e. torrefied wood). The aim of this study is to investigate the woods heat treated in a semi-industrial scale reactor for sustainable material production. Two different European wood species, a hardwood species (poplar, Populus nigra) and a softwood species (fir, Abies pectinata), are used to perform the experiments. The present research is divided into three parts. In the first part, the thermal behavior of wood boards is studied in a semi-industrial scale reactor. The experiments are carried out at 200-230 °C with a heating rate of 0.2 °C min-1 in a vacuum condition (200 hPa) to intensify the thermal degradation. Four different stages of thermal degradation during wood heat treatment are defined based on the intensity of differential mass loss (DML). The devolatilization characteristics of treated woods are evaluated by the devolatilization index (DI) based on the results of proximate analysis. The correlation of DI with respect to mass loss of the two wood species is strongly characterized by linear distribution, which is able to provide a simple tool to predict the mass loss of wood. In the second part of the study, a number of analyses, such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, measurement of color change, equilibrium moisture content, and contact angle) are performed to evaluate the property changes of treated woods. The obtained results clearly demonstrate the thermal degradation through dehydration, deacetylation, depolymerization, and condensation reactions during the heat treatment. The observed phenomena of color change and hygroscopic transformation are illustrated and discussed in detail. The decarbonization, dehydrogenation, and deoxygenation of the treated woods are also evaluated. It is found that the three indexes can be well correlated to the total color difference and hygroscopicity reduction extent (HRE). In the last part of the study, the kinetic modeling of wood heat treatment is developed based on a two-step kinetic scheme. The obtained kinetics successfully predict dynamic solid yield of wood boards during the treatment in the semi-industrial reactor. Meanwhile, the prediction of elemental composition is also performed by a direct method based on the elemental analyses of untreated and treated woods at the end of the treatment, as well as the instantaneous solid yield. The results point out that the prediction of C, H, and O profiles are in good agreement with expected composition changes in the wood materials during treatment. In summary, the obtained results and established kinetics are conducive to recognizing the mechanisms of wood thermal degradation and can be used for heat treatment process and reactor design in industry to produce wood materials for various applications
L'hostis, Clément. "Développement de nouveaux traitements non-biocides de protection du bois basés sur la formation in situ de polyesters bio-sourcés." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0319/document.
In order to guarantee the sustainability of structure made of wood, this material, which is naturally degradable by many biological organisms, must generally undergo protection treatments. The use of biocidal products is currently the most employed solution to confer the wood additional durability. However, facing of the environmental problem they raise, their use tends to be increasingly limited by regulation. Alternatives to the use of biocides have been developed to increase the durability of wood: heat treatment and chemical modification. Heat treatment consists of the controlled degradation of wood macromolecules to make it more hydrophobic and therefore more dimensionally stable and more resistant to the attack of the fungi of degradation, but weakens its mechanical properties. Chemical modification involves the impregnation of molecules within the material, which then react with the constituents of the wood to modify its chemical structure. During this thesis, treatments based on bio-based molecules have been developed. Thus, the treatments carried out on beech, a species which is particularly sensitive to biodegradation and dimensionally unstable, have made possible to improve substantially these properties. The in situ formation of polyesters of glycerol and various carboxylic acids produces a material more resistant mechanically than thermally treated wood, while also providing enhanced dimensional stability and durability. The various carboxylic acids employed have also induced different behavior with regard to the various properties studied, highlighting the importance of the chemical structure of the reagents employed. The most promising treatment was the subject of an economic study showing the viability of the industrialization of the process, which would then make it possible to produce a modified wood that can be used in use class 3, while enhancing an abundant under-exploited resource
Fu, Qilan. "Comportement physique, chimique et mécanique du bois suite à la compression sous l'effet de la chaleur et de l'humidité." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33511.
The main purpose of this research is to establish a better understanding of the thermo-hygromechanical (THM) densification process and physical, mechanical and chemical behavior of wood under diverse temperature and humidity conditions. THM densification is a complicated process involving simultaneous, coupled heat and mass transfer phenomena, several instantaneous and time-dependent deformation mechanisms as well as some physical, mechanical and chemical changes in wood. Despite numerous researches in the past decades, the basic mechanisms of compressive behavior of wood subjected to load and moisture variation are not completly understood. Wood densification and stress relaxation are very complicated, because both recoverable and permanent deformations occur at various stages of the pressing process. Moreover, deformations are affected by many physical factors, and the compressive behavior in turn affects the entire physical system. In this study, the THM densification process was optimized using response surface methods (RSM) to investigate the effects of temperature and treatment duration on hardness and compression set recovery (CSR) and further to analyze the interactions between these physical parameters. Several physical and mechanical properties such as density profile, compression set recovery, hardness and bending strength of control and THM densified wood were evaluated and compared. The surface chemical changes of densified samples were examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), respectively. In addition, evolutions of oven-dry average density, permeability and thermal conductivity during the THM densification process were experimentally determined. The results suggested that the optimum densification conditions resulting in high hardness and low compression set recovery were obtained at a temperature of 180 °C, a densification time of 1004 s, and a post-treatment time of 1445 s. The density of the densified samples was dramatically increased compared to the control sample. Both steam and temperature have important impacts on mechanical, chemical properties and dimensional stability of sugar maple wood. A higher percentage of weight loss occurred at 220 °C, resulting in an important decrease in the density and hardness of wood. However, almost no compression set recovery was observed for the sugar maple wood densified at 220 °C. In addition, high temperature and steam are helpful to fix the compressive deformation. Steam could facilitate the advanced degradation of wood polymers. THM densification treatment resulted in significant chemical changes on the wood surface. The results of the ATR-FTIR spectra confirmed the decomposition of hemicelluloses and the relative content of cellulose and lignin on wood surface increased. The Py-GC/MS and XPS results in term of the O/C ratio increase indicated that chemical substances containing oxygenated functionality were formed after densification. Densification treatment favored the depolymerization of hemicelluloses and cellulose resulting in the content of anhydrous sugars (levoglucosan) increased on wood surface. Densification also facilitated the cleavage of lignin side chains, resulting in the increase of the content of phenyl units with short chains. The oven-dry density did not exactly increase with the decrease of its thickness, the permeability of the control sample could be 5 to 40 times higher than that of densified wood, which indicated that the voids of wood reduced notably after densification treatment. The thermal conductivity increased by 0.5 - 1.5 percent increase of one percent moisture content for densified sugar maple wood. The thermal conductivity of densified samples was lower than that of the control samples.
Paviet, Frédéric. "Vapo-gazéification étagée des ordures ménagères." Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1721.
In recent years, the quantity of municipal solid wastes (MSW) has increased significantly in the EU and other industrialised and developing countries raising the question of its sustainable disposal management. Within the waste management hierarchy, thermal disposal especially gasification with energy recovery is a desired and viable option. The gasification of solid fuels such as biomass is one of the most promising technologies for thermo chemical conversion. This process leads to a fuel gas suitable for efficient gas turbines feeding. The successfful design and modelling of a gasifier requires reliable kinetic data. The purpose of this work is first to study the steam gasification kinetics of chars produced by municipal wastes pyrolysis. The MSW are modelled as a mixture of four organic constituents: paper, wood, plastics, and vegetables. The various char samples are obtained by pyrolysis of each waste constituent, in a fixed bed reactor. These chars are used as raw materials in steam gasification experiments. The kinetics parameters, with respect to H20, together with the influence of the char's physical properties are experimentally determined. A kinetic expression for the gasification reaction, based on the random pore model is deduced. Then 1D isothermal and non-equimolar reaction-diffusion model is developed in order to assess the diffusional effects taking place during steam gasification in a fixed bed. The model takes into account local chemical reaction rate and effective transport properties dependant on time and position within the char bed. Inter particle diffusion and structural changes of the char bed during the gasification are taken into account. The model shows a good agreement with the experimental results, obtained at various bed heights, and point out the relevant rote played by diffusional effects within a fixed bed reactor. The kinetic results are used to estimate, in a down dyaft gasifier, the total carbon yield conversion as a fonction of botte the mass fraction of stagnant zones within the bed char and of the characteristic length of these stagnant zones. Finally, in thermal treatment main of the initial energy is transformed into tar. The spontaneous tar decomposition by thermal treaent is investigated. The thermal cracking kinetic of MSW pyrolysis vapours is established
Cherif, Hadj Ahmed. "Torréfaction de la biomasse lignocellulosique prétraitée aux liquides ioniques - Propriétés physico-mécaniques et analyse comparative par spectroscopies de surface." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30581/30581.pdf.
The heat treatment of wood in a gas atmosphere is a process that aims to improve the properties of wood. Indeed, treated wood possesses improved dimensional stability, reduced hygroscopic nature and resistance to degradation by various factors (fungi, insects). The main disadvantage of the method is the long duration of treatment. This work explores the possibility of using ionic liquids for the treatment of wood as they have the particularity to accelerate the decomposition of the main wood constituents. Surface analysis and testing of physical and mechanical properties were performed on treated wood. The surface analysis showed that ionic liquids have contributed to the degradation of lignin as well as the development of the hydrophobic character of the wood. The physical and mechanical tests have meanwhile revealed that lower moisture and water absorption contents, decreased the swelling and mechanical properties.
Chung, Chian Javier Ricardo. "Stratégies de séchage à haute température pour le bois à valeur ajoutée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23612/23612.pdf.
Chaouch, Mounir. "Effet de l'intensité du traitement sur la composition élémentaire et la durabilité du bois traité thermiquement : développement d'un marqueur de prédiction de la résistance aux champignons basidiomycètes." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10027/document.
Thermal treatment has been used to improve properties of non durable European species. Chemical modification of some of the wood components provides improved dimensional stability and biological performance against decay fungi while mechanical properties such as modulus of rupture are reduced. Quality control of commercially made thermally treated wood is one of the major road blocks of its industrial development. The variability inherent within a wood species and between wood species, density and chemical compositions variation combined with the heat treatment parameters such as temperature duration and levels contribute to the production of heterogeneous heat treated wood. The development of a heat treatment process by conduction which monitors the weight changes during the process will facilitate and help in controlling, in understanding and predicting the properties of heat treated wood. Data collected from a pilot study of heat treated wood using conditions similar to commercial process show that hardwood species were more susceptible to thermal degradation as compared to softwood. It was also established that wood chemical composition is directly connected to the percent of weight loss due to thermodegradation, allowing the use of chemical composition to predict fungi durability. Carbon and oxygen contents and/or oxygen to carbon ratio of heat treated wood can be therefore used as valuable markers to develop quality control assessment of heat treated wood
Avat, Florence. "Contribution à l'étude des traitements thermiques du bois jusqu'à 300°C : Transformations chimiques et caractérisations physico-chimiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00831249.
Bonazebi, Antoine. "Extraction des composés de métaux lourds contenus dans la jarosite décomposée par des déchets organiques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL059N.