Дисертації з теми "Bois d'oeuvre – Propriétés thermiques"
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Permadi, Pipin. "Optimisation du traitement thermique appliqué au bois d'oeuvre pour l'amélioration des propriétés des espèces non durables." Compiègne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000COMP1270.
Merakeb, Seddik. "Modélisation des structures en bois en environnement variable." Limoges, 2006. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/94578804-9926-46e0-8969-67a4656612ce/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0031.pdf.
Mechanical properties of timber constructions depend strongly on moisture content state. In this context, it is shown a mecanosorptive coupling. This climatic environment aspect imposes a hygroscopic behavior modeling in order to estimate moisture content variations by integrating the heat and mass transfer processes. If the effect of moisture content on the mechanical behavior has been studied in the literature, this work enables us to precise effects of mechanical state on the transfer laws by taking into account boundary conditions and diffusion properties. In this context, we propose a thermodynamic and experimental approaches which allow to introduce a realistic coupled transfer algorithm in a finite element software
Flity, Hassan. "Modélisation de la dégradation et combustion du bois de construction." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0250.
The use of wood in construction offers numerous advantages, but also poses fire safety risks. Several studies available in the literature, whether experimental or numerical, have investigated the fire behavior of wood. However, the diverse and varied results do not allow the identification of the intrinsic behavior of wood, and regulatory frameworks have to rely on numerous simplifying assumptions. The objective of this thesis is to study the thermal degradation of wood at the cone calorimeter scale. The uniqueness of the study lies in the adoption of an increasingly complex approach, the use of meticulous metrology, and the most comprehensive characterization of the properties of the wood samples under investigation. Degradation involves numerous interacting processes such as drying, pyrolysis, and combustion with or without flames, resulting in heat and mass transfer. Given the complexity of studying all these phenomena simultaneously, the strategy adopted was to separate the different phenomena as much as possible through models and specific experiments. In order to overcome the problem of drying and hydric transfer, all the work was carried out on dry wood. First, specific characterization methods were used to determine the thermal properties of wood and charcoal. These experiments helped to establish behavioral laws for some of these properties, facilitating their integration into a model. Subsequently, an experimental campaign was conducted at the material scale of wood using techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry under an inert atmosphere. At this scale, wood is thermally thin, which allowed the development of a kinetic model capable of predicting mass loss, mass loss rate, and heat absorbed or generated by wood during pyrolysis as a function of temperature. Next, an experimental campaign was carried out on wood samples at the scale of the cone calorimeter in an inert atmosphere to validate the 3D pyrolysis model developed to predict wood pyrolysis in the absence of combustion, driven primarily by heat transfer within the material. Finally, tests in an air environment were conducted for a comprehensive modeling of dry wood combustion, which requires a precise characterization of char combustion, the associated heat generated, and the heat flux supplied by the flame
Grioui, Najla. "Etude thermocinétique de la pyrolyse du bois : application à la pyrolyse du bois d'olivier." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10111.
A theoretical and experimental study of thermo-kinetic of this wood particles pyrolysis has been developed. The thermophysical properties of the olive wood such as apparent density, porosity, permeability and thermal conductivity have been determined experimentally by different measurement methods. A kinetic measurements are carried out by thermogravimetric analysis in isothermal mode in the temperature range between 498 K and 648 K. The experimental curves obtained are interpreted by a kinetic model based on several decomposition stages. The kinetic model coupled with energy conservation equation leads to a non linear equations system which has been solved iteratively by using an implicit finite differences method. The obtained results are in good agreement with the available experimental data. The developed model is then applied to the pyrolysis of a cylindrical olive wood particle in different operating condition to simulate the effect of the reactor temperature and the particle size on the evolution of the temperature profile as well as the residual mass inside the thick particle
Bohnke, Isabelle. "Etude expérimentale et théorique des traitements thermiques du bois. Caractérisation physico-mécanique des bois traités." Paris, ENMP, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844044.
Ngohe-Ekam, Paul-Salomon. "Etude expérimentale des propriétés thermophysiques des bois tropicaux." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10146.
Dias, de Moraes Poliana. "Influence de la température sur les assemblages bois." Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10157.
The more generalized use of wood for building raises concern for fire safety. The current standards require the structure stability for a minimum time to ensure the building evacuation and the fire fight. Considering that the fire endurance of wood is well-known, the stability requirement is mainly reduced to the understanding of the behaviour of wood joints on fire. The aim of this work is to study the behaviour of single-dowel timber joints and it is divided into three parts. The first part is a study of the influence of temperature on the modulus of elasticity and on the embedding strength in a range between 20 and 300 °C. In the second part the wood charring and the influence of a metallic dowel embedded in wood, is studied. In the third part, the fire behaviour of single-dowel wood joints is tackled. The first two studies have provided mechanical and thermal data to allow the development of a model to simulate the joint behaviour and its fire endurance before fracture
Vignon, Pierre. "Caractérisation et optimisation des propriétés d’isolants thermiques non tissés à base de fibres de bois." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0182.
The works presented here fit into current context of strong commercial development potential of bio-sourced insulators. They are carried out as part of a CIFRE PhD financed by the company FINSA France. They took place at I2M laboratory in Bordeaux, within an industrial project, ECOMATFIB (ADEME BIP, 2014-2017) : ECOconception et Optimisation multi-objectif de MATériaux isolants à base de FIBres de bois. The Objective of this PhD is to design, manufacture, characterize and optimize properties of thermal insulation based on wood fibers, produced using nonwoven textile process. After analysis of wood resource present in the New-Aquitaine region, insulating materials were designed out of sheets from maritime pine, pine taeda, poplar and eucalyptus wood fibers with addition of thermoplastic fibers then thermally consolidated in hot air oven. After preliminary identification of adjustment parameters of nonwoven chain available in I2M laboratory, many fibrous materials were made from diversified raw materials and suitable machine parameters. These bio-based materials were thermally characterized mainly by hot plane method and then in hydric manner to know their ability to interact with relative humidity of ambient air. Finally, their characterization in compression made it possible to study their propensity to preserve their properties after mechanical stress. Datas collected made it possible to identify parameters of raw materials as well as manufacturing process having significant impact on properties of these insulators. A first approach to modeling properties has led to identification of avenues to improve thermal properties and to validate their very good capacity for water regulation
Alberto, Mario Michaque Miguel. "Faisabilité de composites bois-ciment destinés à la construction de maisons au Mozambique." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10059.
Karami, Elham. "Effet de traitements thermiques modérés et de revêtement sur les propriétés vibratoires des bois d’Epicéa et de Mûrier." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT340/document.
Wood is commonly used for making musical instruments. During the process it is often subjected to treatments, that either modify its volume or its surface properties. Two species used for for string instruments were studied, representative of different cultures: Spruce (Picea abies Karst.) used in Europe and White Mulberry (Morus alba L.) used in Iran. For each of them the effect of thermal treatment at moderate temperature (<150°C) and of coating on various physical and mechanical properties was studied. The main results are as follows. In contrast to Spruce, Morus has a very low degree of mechanical anisotropy. For both species, thermal treatment induces a strong decrease in damping, especially in R direction for Spruce, and equilibrium moisture content, without marked degradation as indicated by the very small weight loss. However, after reconditioning at high humidity, a significant part of the changes is recovered. The application of a solvent-based varnish on Morus induces a continuous stiffening, while a very strong increase in damping after application is followed, after about 2 months, by a return to values close to those of untreated wood. For Spruce, siccative oil based varnish was applied and several parameters of the process were tested. In this case, the kinetics of property stabilisation are very slow and significant changes were still observable after 5 months
Houssais, Loïc. "Conception et élaboration d'un banc de test infrarouge pour études à haute température de matériaux composites : application aux bétons de bois à matrice argileuse." Amiens, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AMIE0418.
Bohnke, Isabelle. "Étude expérimentale et théorique des traitements thermiques du bois. Caractérisation physico-mécanique des bois traités." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844044.
Sarrazin, Eric. "Effets de prétraitements chimiques ou thermiques sur les propriétés du bois : relations avec le défibrage de pâtes à papier à haut rendement." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0018.
Harrisson, Lise. "Caractérisation des papiers de finition et des panneaux de fibres de bois de haute densité (HDF) utilisés dans la production de plancher flottant." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23490/23490.pdf.
Abstract The lamination of HDF panels is an important step in laminate flooring production. This operation involves technical challenges which require knowledge regarding HDF panel warping occurring during lamination. In this regard, the determination of the physical and mechanical properties of saturated lamination papers and HDF panels used in the production of laminate flooring is strategic. The specific objectives of this study were the determination of the contraction coefficient and modulus of elasticity in traction of saturated papers, in addition to the evaluation of HDF thermal conductivity. Three types of papers were studied (overlay, decorative paper, backer) in two directions (machine direction and cross direction) and at three pressing times (0, 10 and 20 seconds). For each combination, ten repetitions were made. The determination of thermal conductivity was established on 7 and 8 mm boards, which had a density of 871 and 918 kg/m3 respectively. Three temperatures were studied (100, 150 and 200°C) for the same temperature difference of 25°C. Three samples were analysed three times for each experimental condition. The type of paper had a highly significant impact on the contraction coefficient, which is higher in cross direction and increases with pressing time. This study has also shown that for a given paper, the modulus of elasticity in traction is higher in the machine direction and increases with pressing time. We have also established that the modulus of elasticity increases linearly with paper basic weight before impregnation and decreases linearly with resin content. Temperature had a significant impact on the thermal conductivity of HDF panels most likely due to panel moisture content variation during testing. Thickness and density of HDF panels did not have a significant effect on thermal conductivity.
Fernandez, Cristian. "Caractérisation et modélisation du comportement au feu de poutres en bois lamellé collé." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10099.
Wood is increasingly being used as building rnaterial due to its specific characteristics, such as its high insulating capacity given by its low thermal conductivity. Nowadays, wood may be considered as an answer to the cUITent energy cri sis, resulting in cost reduction in energy consumption. Wood is classified as a combustible material, which makes us doubt about its structural tire resistance. However, contrarily to !bis idea and spite of its classification, wood provides an excellent tire resistance. It bas long been recognized that under a tire situation, a wood structure loses resistance more slowly than a steel or concrete structure. The particular context of this study relates to tire applied to glulam. Currently, the most used adhesives in the glulam industry are: Resorcinol-Formaldehyde, Phenol-Resorcinol-Formaldehyde, Urea-Formaldehyde, and MelamineUrea-Formaldehyde. The main problem arising from these adhesives is their two-component fonnulation (adhesive and hardening), making their usage more complicated. Moreover, wood bas to be dried before gluing, which in turn increases the costs and building time. Ln order to solve these inconveniences, there are currently other solutions in the market, e. G. Polyurethane adhesives consist of only one liquid component applied directly on wood even if it is wet. However, this kind of adhesive shows a high level of creep at high temperatures, which rnay lead to a dangerous situation during a tire. Ln the development of !bis thesis, we characterized the behavior of structural polyurethane adhesives under tire, considering as parameter for comparison the most used adhesives, i. E. Phenol-Resorcinol-Formaldehyde and MelamineUrea-Formaldehyde. As a first stage we characterized the different adhesives subject to high temperatures (between 30°C and 250 °C). As a second stage we established the tire behavior of glulams under the different studied adhesives. For !bis, we chose to perfonn tests with a radiant panel at constant flow (15, 25, 45 and 60 kW/m2). The main result was that the kind of adhesive used in glulams bas no influence on tire resistance. The final stage of fuis study consisted on modeling the different occurring phenomena: A thermal model through a finite element allowed to follow-up in time the temperature distribution in the glulam transversal section subject to a heat flow. By integrating the stiffness database and the elasticity modulus resulting from the creep tests, we have been able to predict the creep behavior and failure time for a glulam subject to a temperature flow that simulates a tire. The results agree with the tests and show that the kind of adhesive bas no influence on tire resistance as the char layer that forms in the glulam surface is a good insulator that limits the depth of the wood darnaged by temperature and thus, its loss of mechanical resistance
Vezeau, Brian. "Caractérisation mécanique de composites LMDPE/bois en vue d'une application en rotomoulage." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22539.
Boulet, Sylvain. "Caractérisation du confort hygrothermique et acoustique dans les constructions à base de bois." Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAMS047.
The use of wood for building improves sustainability and achieves high acoustic and thermal performance. Wood is often used for design of energy efficient buildings either in recent building or for refurbishment. Besides the low energy consumption, there are many positive testimonies of occupants about general comfort. Nowadays, the various comfort approaches are essentially or thermal or acoustical, but the impact of one on the perception of the other one is important and must be taken into account. Measurements and subjective enquiries do not allow concluding about the positif contribution of wood for comfort, but must provide arguments to give good reason for the use of wood in buildings applications. The objective of the presented study is the identification of parameters affecting thermal and acoustical comfort in moderate environment. We present qualitative and quantitative full-scale analysis of in-situ measurements. A first step, we introduce the methodology of measurement and enquiries. Then we present the analysed house determined with a Taguchi "design of experiments". We analyse results through the multicriteria decision analysis. And confrontation between measurements and inquiries will be realized in case of validation. Finally, we focus on summer thermal comfort, we proceed to a characterisation of indoor environment by numerical simulation to study various factor influence on summer thermal comfort
Placet, Vincent. "Conception et exploitation d'un dispositif expérimental innovant pour la caractérisation du comportement viscoélastique et de la dégradation thermique du bois dans des conditions sévères." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00116612.
Ainsi, l'objectif majeur de cette thèse est de caractériser le comportement différé du bois vert dans des conditions thermiques et hydriques contrôlées. Un dispositif expérimental parfaitement adapté aux spécificités du bois, et en particulier à son anisotropie et son hygroscopie, a été développé. Cet appareil, appelé WAVET (Environmental Vibration Analyser for Wood) assure la détermination des propriétés viscoélastiques du bois par des essais harmoniques en flexion simple encastrement pour des fréquences comprises entre 5.10-3 Hz et 10 Hz. Dimensionné pour fonctionner jusqu'à des pressions de l'ordre de 5 bars, il permet d'effectuer des essais en milieu anhydre ou saturé pour des températures variant de 0°C à 140°C.
Les résultats expérimentaux collectés à l'aide de cet appareil sur diverses essences tempérées permettent de mettre en évidence l'influence de nombreux paramètres sur les propriétés rhéologiques et notamment au niveau de la température de ramollissement, à savoir l'essence, la direction matérielle, le type de bois (normal/réaction), ou encore la structure anatomique et macromoléculaire.
L'étude de la dégradation thermique du bois saturé en eau dévoile des modifications biochimiques importantes au sein de ce biopolymère. Il apparaît clairement que les propriétés de rigidité et d'amortissement du bois traité thermiquement en milieu aqueux évoluent en fonction de la sévérité du traitement et de la structure native des macromolécules constitutives.
Akkaoui, Abdessamad. "Bétons de granulats de bois : étude expérimentale et théorique des propriétés thermo-hydro-mécaniques par des approches multi-échelles." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1169/document.
Environmentally-friendly concretes, made up of plant-based particles and mineral or organic binder, are solutions worth exploring to reduce the environmental impact of buildings. Mainly used for their thermal performance, these materials have aroused interest of many research organisations and industrial companies. Their widespread use in construction is not possible without resolving some technical problems related to their implementation, certification and durability. This work aims to contribute to characterize these complex materials, in particular to study the mechanical, thermal and hydromechanical behaviors of wood-aggregate concrete. Modeling and experiments have been used to understand the complex mechanisms involved. The Young's modulus and the compressive strength were experimentally measured using digital image correlation. The evolution of these properties depends on the conditions of storage, the drying time and the cement content. Because of the random orientation of the wood aggregates, the material exhibits isotropic behavior. A homogenization model based on a self-consistent scheme was developed to predict the Young's modulus. The results were satisfactory. Measurements show that thermal conductivity remains constant under sealed conditions. The modeling of this property with the self-consistent scheme gives results consistent with experimental measurements. In desiccation conditions, the thermal conductivity depends linearly on the density of concrete. The evolution of the thermal conductivity of the wood aggregates and the cement paste during drying was modeled with the Mori-Tanaka scheme. These evolutions were integrated into the self-consistent model, which yielded satisfactory results, but could be improved if sorption/desorption curves of the phases were available. The macroscopic dimensional variations of the wood-aggregate concretes depended on the storage conditions, but not on the measurement direction, nor on the cement content. A model based on the combination of the strains induced by the desorption of water from the phases and the moisture transfer between them was proposed. It allowed us to capture the trends of the strains of our concrete except at early age. At a local scale, the study showed that the strains of concrete were close to those of the cement paste. The study also shed light on a significant damage of the aggregate/binder interfaces, which would deserve to be taken into account into the modeling
Ouartassi, Bajil. "Etude numérique de la dynamique des transferts couplés au sein d'un milieu poreux." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10039/document.
This thesis is a development of numerical methods for solving differential equations of balance sheets and optimization settings applied to problems of simultaneous transfers of mass and / or heat in a porous medium such as natural wood materiel. Based on the overview of numerical methods for solving differential equations, and partial differential equations for n parameters optimization, some of these methods are developed for two physical and chemical processes and examined for different practical experiments carried out in LERMAB laboratory. The first application focuses on the dynamics of isothermal transfer of water during the wood frying in the hygroscopic field. In this case the proposed modeling can show that for certain wood species, diffusionnels transfers of water in the gas phase and adsorbed phase are not necessarily realized under conditions where thermodynamic equilibrium between the two phases is provided. The second application focuses on modeling the slow pyrolysis of wood spices heated by conduction between two plates which temperatures varies between 150 ° C and 240 ° C. The curves giving the temperature in the heightened and the loss of mass are well represented by the proposed kinetic and transfer models. However, this application allows highlighting the limits of optimization methods in the presence of a large number of parameters to determine some of them are coupled
Tlijani, Mohamed. "Contribution à la caractérisation thermophysique de matériaux bio-isolants : valorisation des déchets de bois de palmier." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1157.
The growing interest in new concrete and their use in many fields of civil engineering was that we wanted to bring a new approach to the design of a new product consisting of a reinforced concrete with basel end frond palm fibers. This led us to conduct the experimental study of thermal properties of natural fibers of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). The analysis of experimental results showed that the essential factors affecting the thermal conductivity are the variety of date palm and the fiber orientation and that the basel end of the frond palm is the most interesting part as thermal insulation. However, the main problem encountered when using plant fibers as reinforcement is cohesion, bonding with the matrix and dimensional instability so the composite loses its mechanical properties. In this context, an alkaline pretreatment of palm fibers was envisaged to clean and modify the fiber surface to address the problems of dimensional stability of the fibers and degradation before their use as reinforcement in the cement matrix. We also studied the influence of chemical treatment with sodium hydroxide on the mechanical properties of processed samples, they were subjected to the tensile test to estimate the fracture strength for each treatment concentration, the Young's modulus and elongation at break corresponding. Subsequently, we conducted experimental and theoretical research on the thermal conductivity of different formulations of basel end palm wood concrete composite. The study of the theoretical apparent thermal conductivity was based on an approach that relies on a process whereas the material consists of a solid matrix combined with a fluid phase (air). Finally, we performed a numerical simulation of heat transfer phenomena to assess the thermal conductivity of basel end frond palm concrete composite and validate subsequently the theoretical prediction model selected. The results showed that the numerical approach based on the isotropic orientation of the particles in the composite coincides and approaches the physical reality
Soulama, Sagnaba. "Caractérisation mécanique et thermique de biocomposites à matrice polystyrène recyclé renforcée par des coques de cotonnier (Gossypium Hitsutum L.) ou des particules de bois de Kénaf (Hibiscus Cannabinus L.)." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BELF0243/document.
In the current context marked by a large emergence of environmental issues, the circular economy and sustainable development, the development of eco-materials represents a major challenge which offers an alternative to plastics recycled at end of life cycles.The objective of this work is to contribute to the development of two eco-materials from plant biomass non-cultivable food available, associated with synthetic polymers recycled at end of life cycles.It is a part, to develop a biosourced material constitutes of recycled polystyrene, strengthened of hulls of cotton. This material will be likely to be a substitute for polystyrene in areas of various applications such as the manufacture of parts for thermal insulation, interior trim from cars, the hulls of cellular mobile, computers, photocopiers, and various packaging.On the other hand, to develop particle board in wood of cotton stems and stalks of kenaf associated with a binder natural (the glue of bone) for use in the area of the thermal insulation of interior in replacing the panels of particles prepared with glue urea formaldehyde.The influence of the parameters for the development for each of the two materials was analyzed. After optimization of conditions of implementation for each material, the holding mechanical, thermal properties and the microstructure have been determined and optimized in each case
Audebert, Maxime. "Approche expérimentale et modélisation du comportement au feu d'assemblages bois sous différents types de solliciations." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF22086.
The knowledge of the behavior of structures under fire conditions is essential to control the risks during a fire. As timber is a combustible material, fire safety is of main importance for the development of its use in buildings. Although experimental and numerical studies exist in the literature, their number still limited regarding the variety of the configurations and the complexity of the mechanical behavior of the connections. Among the various structural components, the joints are characterized by a complex thermomechanical behavior due mainly to the geometrical configuration combining various materials (steel and timber). They govern the load-carrying capacity of the structure and its safety, as well in normal conditions as in fire situation. Due to their complex geometrical, physical and material configurations, the behavior of the connections in fire is one of the more difficult to predict. The development of generalized models requires the combination of research based both on the experimental results given by full scale tests and the development of sophisticated numerical models validated on these tests.The experimental results of tests realized on timber-to-timber and steel-to-timber connections used as a basis for the validation of the numerical models are presented. They concern tests of longitudinal and transversal tension and flexion under normal conditions and under standardized thermal actions. The thermomechanical analysis of the connections is made from two different three-dimensional meshings for the thermal and mechanical calculations. The thermal model is continuous to take account of the thermal continuity between the joint components. The mechanical model is discontinuous to consider the contact evolution between the joint components. The thermal model isused to predict the evolution of the temperature field inside the joint depending on the gas temperature. It is validated on the basis of measured temperatures during fire tests. The mechanical model is validated by comparison with the experimental results of joints in normal conditions. It allows the analysis of the distribution of stresses within the joints. The influence of various criteria to represent the mechanical behavior of timber is also studied. Finally, the thermomechanical model, based on previous both models, allowed to predict the behaviorof the tested connections in fire situation. The thermo-mechanical model is validated considering the fire resistance duration of some joints. This duration is defined by means of displacement-time curves obtained by the numerical model. The models showed a good capacity to simulate the failure times of the timber joints in fire situations. The application of the model gave the possibility to analyse the load distribution among the fasteners of the studied joints.The model developed in this work represents well the thermomechanical behavior of the tested connections. These developed and tested models can be used as general tool to analyze the behavior of a large variety of joint configurations to constitute a data base that can be used in safe and economic practice of fire engineering of wood joints
Cueff, Guillaume. "Développement d'un modèle thermomécanique du comportement sous agressions thermiques de matériaux cellulosiques : application à l'étude de résistance au feu de panneaux de bloc-porte en aggloméré de bois." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0360/document.
In the context of fire safety, industrial products used in the building constructionmarket have to satisfy to standard fire resistance tests. In particular, a temperature criterionmust be satisfied on the unexposed side of the product and attention should be given to thedeformation of the product during fire. These tests are restrictive and costly for manufacturerswhich can slow down their R&D program. In this context, a research program was initiatedby the company EFECTIS France in collaboration with the laboratory I2M from theUniversity of Bordeaux whose main objective is to develop a numerical thermomechanicalmodel for simulating a fire resistance test (virtual furnace) on a fire door composed of woodand wood-based materials (particles and fibres boards). Thermomechanical model takes intoaccount the variation of thermal and mechanical properties as a function of vaporization andpyrolysis reactions. Energy impacts of those reactions are also included in the model. Thenumerical model involves experimental data to complete material properties needed for itsutilisation. To achieve this, different experimental programs were carried out, in particularmeasurements using digital image correlation. Based on simulated temperature field andestimation of the global bending of the fire door, the model allows evaluating fireperformances of the product
Tlijani, Mohamed. "Contribution à la caractérisation thermophysique de matériaux bio-isolants : valorisation des déchets de bois de palmier." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1157/document.
The growing interest in new concrete and their use in many fields of civil engineering was that we wanted to bring a new approach to the design of a new product consisting of a reinforced concrete with basel end frond palm fibers. This led us to conduct the experimental study of thermal properties of natural fibers of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). The analysis of experimental results showed that the essential factors affecting the thermal conductivity are the variety of date palm and the fiber orientation and that the basel end of the frond palm is the most interesting part as thermal insulation. However, the main problem encountered when using plant fibers as reinforcement is cohesion, bonding with the matrix and dimensional instability so the composite loses its mechanical properties. In this context, an alkaline pretreatment of palm fibers was envisaged to clean and modify the fiber surface to address the problems of dimensional stability of the fibers and degradation before their use as reinforcement in the cement matrix. We also studied the influence of chemical treatment with sodium hydroxide on the mechanical properties of processed samples, they were subjected to the tensile test to estimate the fracture strength for each treatment concentration, the Young's modulus and elongation at break corresponding. Subsequently, we conducted experimental and theoretical research on the thermal conductivity of different formulations of basel end palm wood concrete composite. The study of the theoretical apparent thermal conductivity was based on an approach that relies on a process whereas the material consists of a solid matrix combined with a fluid phase (air). Finally, we performed a numerical simulation of heat transfer phenomena to assess the thermal conductivity of basel end frond palm concrete composite and validate subsequently the theoretical prediction model selected. The results showed that the numerical approach based on the isotropic orientation of the particles in the composite coincides and approaches the physical reality
Gagnon, Richard. "Optimisation multi-objectif de bâtiments en bois : vers le net-zéro en énergie et en carbone sur la vie du bâtiment." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32726.
Gauthier, Guillaume. "Synthèse de biocarburants de deuxième génération : étude de la pyrolyse à haute température de particules de bois centimétriques." Phd thesis, Ecole des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00995288.
Laplanche, Karine. "Etude du comportement au feu des assemblages de structures bois : approche expérimentale et modélisation." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/69/39/99/PDF/2006CLF21665.pdf.
Laplanche, Karine. "Etude du comportement au feu des assemblages de structures bois : approche expérimentale et modélisation." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00693999.
Armand, Decker Stéphanie. "Développement d’une méthode d’optimisation multiobjectif pour la construction bois : prise en compte du confort des usagers, de l’impact environnemental et de la sécurité de l’ouvrage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0189.
Industrialised countries are seeking to reduce their energy consumption and to use alternative raw materials, including renewables such as wood. To promote its use, multi-storey timber constructive systems need the development of new design methods.Building required a multicriteria design where conflicting objectives must be optimised simultaneously. Research solutions have to achieve the best Pareto-compromise between use performance and environmental impact of the building. This work aims to develop a multiobjective optimisation method of timber multi-storey building.The objectives of maximising floor vibration comfort and minimising heating needs, thermal discomfort, global warming potential and embodied energy are taken into account. A multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to obtain a set of non-dominated solutions which is the Pareto front. The solution space is constrained by regulatory requirements necessary for the safety of the structure. All objective-functions are modelled as analytic functions. Dynamic thermal simulation model outputs are replaced by metamodels.The developed method is implemented on a case study. The results offer a great diversity in a panel of 20 000 optimal solutions. These results provide a basis for discussion between the different actors of a construction project
Honoré, Mathilde. "Mise au point de nouveaux bio-composites verts innovants à base de roseau commun Phragmites australis : applications en plasturgie et en éco-construction pour le bâtiment." Thesis, Lorient, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORIS572.
The use of plant fibres, both in the field of plastics processing and in the building industry, makes it possible to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and therefore the environmental impact of mankind. Interest in biocomposites using plant fibres such as hemp, wood, flax and also miscanthus reed is increasing. Nowadays, there is very little work on the reed phragmites australis. However, as it does not use cultivated areas, this invasive plant is independent of agricultural issues and does not require any chemical inputs. The reed harvest is therefore part of a wetlands management approach while enhancing the value of a material with multiple properties. This work is devoted to the characterisation of the raw material phragmites australis and to the study of its eligibility as a substitute material of three reference materials, wood, miscanthus and hemp shiv, widely used as reinforcements in plastics processing and eco-construction. Composite formulations using two polymer matrices (polypropylene and polybutylene succinate) with different rates of plant fillers and coupling agent were characterised from the point of view of their mechanical properties by Charpy tensile, flexural and impact tests. The water ageing of these composites was also studied and correlated to the hydrophobic character of the reed. For the construction application, formulations based on reeds of different origins and using different binders (lime, plaster and earth) were tested in compression and with thermal conductivity measurements in order to evaluate the behaviour of the reed as a material for building use
Traoré, Issiaka. "Transferts de chaleur et de masse dans les parois des bâtiments à ossature bois." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10085/document.
This thesis focuses on modeling and characterization of heat and mass transfer in a wooden building envelope. A code which simulates unsteady heat and mass in an air layer in two-dimensional geometry, which is part of the multi-layer wall, was developed and validated. Numerical validations that include all transfer modes were achieved for unsteady and steady states regimes (conduction, convection, surface-to-surface radiation, mass transfer and surface condensation). Then, the code developed for the air layer at the LEMTA was coupled to the code Transpore used at the LERFOB. The latter one deals with the transfer in hygroscopic solid materials. For the experimental validation of the fully coupled code, an experimental cell was constructed and instrumented to study the hygrothermal behavior of the studied walls. This cell which is thermally and hygroscopicly controlled was set up at the CRITT BOIS. Comparisons between the experimental and numerical results are presented and discussed. Besides, several experiments of thermal characterization of various materials (insulators containing wood fibers, solid wood ...) were also conducted. The influence of temperature and moisture on thermal conductivity and specific heat was largely investigated
Busser, Thomas. "Etude des transferts hygrothermiques dans les matériaux à base de bois et leurs contributions à l'ambiance intérieure des bâtiments." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAA010/document.
The general aim of the thesis is to advance the understanding of multi-physical behavior of wooden buildings and improving the assessment of their energy performance with comfort hygrothermal. Sector professionals and scientific studies show the differences between the calculations and performance measures (consumption, comfort) of these buildings. The reasons for these differences are not yet well understood: the impact of moisture and latent heat in these constructions are often put forward as a likely explanation, although this is still research. The most recent studies show that the foundations are likely to fall at the hygrothermal behavior of materials at the base of wooden unsteady. This work will focus primarily on two studies scales: scale and scale building material. One of the lines of work of the thesis will focus on the experimental characterization of hygroscopic properties of wood-based materials and their modeling. The second strand of work will focus on building wide integration of these materials in modeling, integrating the impact of specific properties of these materials in the walls constituent assemblies and in complex balance sheets at the building scale . An experimental study will focus on a living room with a large presence of wood in the building envelope to characterize the hygrothermal comfort, and quantify the contribution of Hygric inertia of the envelope on performance in terms of the atmosphere comfort. If necessary, measures will also be drawn to scale "wall" on one hand, on real structures on the other
Lux, Jérôme. "Comportement thermique macroscopique de milieux fibreux réels anisotropes : étude basée sur l'analyse d'images tridimensionnelles." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00366280.
Mandrara, Zaratiana. "Impact thermique des revêtements en bois sur l’ambiance intérieure des bâtiments : application dans l’habitat traditionnel en France et à Madagascar." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0052/document.
Traditional wood buildings in France and in Madagascar use abundant local forest resources in architecture. Woodcan be considered as renewable and natural material when coming from sustainably managed forest. Using wood in construction contributes significantly in controlling the atmospheric carbon cycle and the emission of greenhouse gas. This study presents the main physical characteristics of wood materials and building systems showing the influence of wood coating on indoor environment. Hygrothermal phenomena across the living space are characterized and presented in this work : the presence of water in the wood, the behavior of equilibrium moisture, heat transfer and mass transfer, the physical parameters of wood material and physical parameters of indoor environment. Thermal comfort is similarly characterised. This work contributes knowledge on the evaluation of interactions between thermal comfort, indoor air and wood coating by means of in situ and laboratory measurements and numerical model simulations
Armand, Decker Stéphanie. "Développement d’une méthode d’optimisation multiobjectif pour la construction bois : prise en compte du confort des usagers, de l’impact environnemental et de la sécurité de l’ouvrage." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0189/document.
Industrialised countries are seeking to reduce their energy consumption and to use alternative raw materials, including renewables such as wood. To promote its use, multi-storey timber constructive systems need the development of new design methods.Building required a multicriteria design where conflicting objectives must be optimised simultaneously. Research solutions have to achieve the best Pareto-compromise between use performance and environmental impact of the building. This work aims to develop a multiobjective optimisation method of timber multi-storey building.The objectives of maximising floor vibration comfort and minimising heating needs, thermal discomfort, global warming potential and embodied energy are taken into account. A multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to obtain a set of non-dominated solutions which is the Pareto front. The solution space is constrained by regulatory requirements necessary for the safety of the structure. All objective-functions are modelled as analytic functions. Dynamic thermal simulation model outputs are replaced by metamodels.The developed method is implemented on a case study. The results offer a great diversity in a panel of 20 000 optimal solutions. These results provide a basis for discussion between the different actors of a construction project
Rafidiarison, Helisoa Mamy. "Etudes expérimentales des transferts de masse et de chaleur dans les parois des constructions en bois, en vue de leur modélisation. Applications aux économies d'énergie et au confort dans l'habitat." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0077.
Coupled heat and moisture transfer through hygroscopic materials, particularly wood and wood-based products are difficult to model. This is partly due to some specific and complex properties of these materials that are often not included in numerical models. Currently, only a few numerical models are able to predict accurately the hygrothermal performance of wooden building envelope. The aim of this work is to assess the heat and moisture transfer in wooden building envelope through experiments and validate the prediction capacity of a numerical model developed to simulate hygrothermal behavior of envelope including wooden materials. After giving a theoretical reminder of the coupled heat and moisture transfer through building envelope and reporting the results of previous studies in this field, we will give details of the experimental investigation on heat and moisture transfer through timber walls. Firstly, the experimental apparatus used for the wall tests is presented. Then, we will analysis the hygrothermal performance of wooden walls provided by the partners of the TRANSBATIBOIS project in which this work was achieved. Experimental works achieved for Buildingpore model validation and results of the comparisons between experimental assessment and numerical predictions with Buildingpore and WUFI are also reported. The third part of this study deals with the experimental assessment of wooden building envelopes exposed to climatic conditions. An analysis of the hygrothermal performance and the energy consumption of wooden test-cells is performed and reported in this part. The latest part concerns experimental works on buildings
Asli, Mounir. "Etude des transferts couplés de chaleur et de masse dans les matériaux bio-sourcés : approches numérique et expérimentale." Thesis, Artois, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ARTO0210/document.
The work developed in this thesis aims to study the hygrothermal behavior of bio-sourced insulating materials, and more particularly wood fibers, hemp concrete, linen wool, sheep wool, material made of textile recycling (metisse®) and flax shives. These materials, which are essentially natural, have specific characteristics linked to their origin (animal or vegetable) and their structure (fibers, straw, solid matrix, etc.). Their very high porosity makes them reactive to the relative humidity variations, which can affect their thermal performances and their durability (as for all materials), but also give them a regulation capacities. In order to improve the knowledge of these particular materials, first, we propose to study the impact caused by moisture on their thermal characteristics, mainly thermal conductivity and specific heat. Then the hygrothermal characteristics are studied, which makes it possible to better understand the phenomena depending on the capacities of adsorption, desorption, permeability or water vapor resistance. Also, we realize the importance of the temperature gradient impact on the evolution of the hygroscopic transfers within the materials. By placing the studied bio-sourced insulation materials under random loading or under real conditions, it will be possible to follow their hygrothermal behavior from an experimental point of view. The numerical approach makes it possible to identify the preponderant influence parameters, in the context of the prediction of coupled heat and mass transfers by simulation under particular conditions of use, such as the renovation of an existing habitat. On the basis of in situ measurements, it can be seen that these materials have a high adaptability to environments whose relative humidity is evolutionary
Mnasri, Faiza. "Étude du transfert de chaleur et de masse dans les milieux complexes : application aux milieux fibreux et à l’isolation des bâtiments." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0169/document.
International energy context requires a new orientation to the building sector as in construction or in renovation. Any new solution must be technically efficient and environmentally acceptable. In this thesis, the object is to achieve a numerical and experimental analysis of a building biobased materials. Some of these materials are included from the study of a transborder project to the Lorraine region (France, Belgium and Luxembourg). Indeed an Ecotransfaire project was included in this work. This project has been oriented to the development of a sustainable eco materials chain. A process of analysis has been established in order to select the materials candidates on the basis of scientific, geographical and environmental criteria. The answers are moving towards the integration of bio-based materials. These materials are subject of several heat and mass transfers phenomena. So understanding these mechanisms within a building material has been achieved firstly. This resulted on a coupled model of heat transfer, air, moisture experienced by the HAM model. This model is applied to a wooden building material whose its structure is assumed homogeneous. Then, this model was implemented and solved by the finite element method. Its numerical solution is validated by analytical results available in the literature. The study of sensitivity of the model coupling, dimensions in space, the boundary conditions and the variability of input parameters is also presented. One of the difficulties of using this model is the case of heterogeneous materials. Thus, in this work, we propose an approach of characterization of a heterogeneous lignocellulosic composite material with a porous structure. In fact, this material is composed of two components: Wood and cement. The wood is presented by a shapes aggregates with irregulars sizes and the cement is considered as the binder in the composition. The object was to predict its equivalent intrinsic properties (thermal conductivity and vapor permeability) by using the micro-tomography techniques.The methodology consists to determine the structure of the sample by taking images at the microscopic scale. Once the structure of the sample is generated, we will conduct from a reconstruction of the two-dimensional representation to a three dimensional structure by using a numerical tool which determines the equivalent properties of the 3D reconstructed domain. The permeability as well as the equivalent thermal conductivity are the two properties evaluated in this configuration. These two properties are strongly depend to the porosity and to pore distribution in the continuous phase (the solid one). Moreover the composition of the material and the volume fractions of each components influence the formation of microstructure and consequently the thermal and hydric transfers