Дисертації з теми "Boiling on porous surfaces"
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1
Pasek, Ari Darmawan. "Pool boiling on porous surfaces in cryogenic and refrigerant liquids." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315511.
Повний текст джерела
2
Furberg, Richard. "Enhanced Boiling Heat Transfer on a Dendritic and Micro-Porous Copper Structure." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-47538.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A novel surface structure comprising dendritically ordered nano-particles of copper was developed during the duration of this thesis research project. A high current density electrodeposition process, where hydrogen bubbles functioned as a dynamic mask for the materials deposition, was used as a basic fabrication method. A post processing annealing treatment was further developed to stabilize and enhance the mechanical stability of the structure. The structure was studied quite extensively in various pool boiling experiments in refrigerants; R134a and FC-72. Different parameters were investigated, such as; thickness of the porous layer, presence of vapor escape channels, annealed or non-annealed structure. Some of the tests were filmed with a high speed camera, from which visual observation were made as well as quantitative bubble data extracted. The overall heat transfer coefficient in R134a was enhanced by about an order of magnitude compared to a plain reference surface and bubble image data suggests that both single- and two-phase heat transfer mechanisms were important to the enhancement. A quantitative and semi-empirical boiling model was presented where the main two-phase heat transfer mechanism inside the porous structure was assumed to be; micro-layer evaporation formed by an oscillating vapor-liquid meniscus front with low resistance vapor transport through escape channels. Laminar liquid motion induced by the oscillating vapor front was suggested as the primary single-phase heat transfer mechanism. The structure was applied to a standard plate heat exchanger evaporator with varying hydraulic diameter in the refrigerant channel. Again, a 10 times improved heat transfer coefficient in the refrigerant channel was recorded, resulting in an improvement of the overall heat transfer coefficient with over 100%. A superposition model was used to evaluate the results and it was found that for the enhanced boiling structure, variations of the hydraulic diameter caused a change in the nucleate boiling mechanism, which accounted for the largest effect on the heat transfer performance. For the standard heat exchanger, it was mostly the convective boiling mechanism that was affected by the change in hydraulic diameter. The structure was also applied to the evaporator surface in a two-phase thermosyphon with R134a as working fluid. The nucleate boiling mechanism was found to be enhanced with about 4 times and high speed videos of the enhanced evaporator reveal an isolated bubble flow regime, similar to that of smooth channels with larger hydraulic diameters. The number and frequency of the produced bubbles were significantly higher for the enhanced surface compared to that of the plain evaporator. This enhanced turbulence and continuous boiling on the porous structure resulted in decreased oscillations in the thermosyphon for the entire range of heat fluxes.QC 20111111
3
Carbonell, Ventura Montserrat. "Estudio experimental del proceso de calentamiento de medios porosos saturados hasta ebullición-"Dryout" de su fase líquida." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6743.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La experimentación y posterior modelización de los procesos de transporte y transferencia de calor y de masa en medios poroso saturados encuentra un gran número de dificultades que se derivan fundamentalmente de la heterogeneidad del propio medio, de la metodología de su parametrización estructural y física para asimilarlo a un medio continuo.Los objetivos planteados en la presente tesis se han orientado hacia un mejor conocimiento de la influencia de diversos parámetros estructurales del medio poroso, así como de las propiedades de las substancias que constituyen la matriz sólida y la fase fluida saturante, en las características de ebullición de un medio poroso inicialmente saturado, calentado por su frontera inferior y limitado por una capa superior del mismo líquido saturante.
A tal fin, se ha estudiado la influencia de la estructura del medio poroso (granular o fibrilar) y de la naturaleza de la sustancia que constituye la matriz sólida sobre la permeabilidad del medio poroso al agua y a una solución acuosa de tensioactivo, de baja concentración. Así mismo se ha estudiado la influencia respecto a la conductividad y difusividad térmicas efectivas en régimen no estacionario. Por último, utilizando la misma variedad de medios porosos saturados, se estudia el proceso de ebullición hasta que se alcanzan condiciones de "dryout", y se analizan las consecuencias que resultan de la variación de la estructura física del medio poroso, de la naturaleza de la sustancia que constituye su matriz sólida y de las propiedades del fluido saturante.
En lo referente a las características fluidodinámicas y térmicas de los medios porosos estudiados se ha podido concluir:
- La adición de un tensioactivo al agua saturante del medio poroso produce un comportamiento diferente según la naturaleza del sólido: en caso de inorgánica (arena) ocasiona un aumento de la permeabilidad intrínseca, mientras que en caso de orgánica (fibras de algodón) produce una reducción tanto mayor cuanto menor es la porosidad del medio poroso. Las causas de este diferente comportamiento, son las notables diferencias de absorción del tensioactivo según el tipo de sólido (orgánico o inorgánico) y la mejora substancial de la humectación de la superficie del sólido inorgánico por el fluido lo que activa la eficacia de desplazamiento de toda fase no acuosa adsorbida o retenida entre partículas.
- La difusividad térmica efectiva promediada espacialmente tiende al valor de la difusividad del componente del medio poroso de menor difusividad térmica a medida que transcurre el tiempo de calentamiento.
- La difusividad térmica efectiva de los medios porosos saturados en los que s / l < 1 se aproxima a la de la fase líquida; en los medios para los que s / l >> 1, dicha difusividad térmica efectiva es un grado de orden superior a la de la fase líquida.
- La adición de tensioactivo a la fase líquida saturante provoca la disminución de la conductividad térmica efectiva de medio poroso saturado en aquellos en que la fase sólida es granular e inorgánica.
En lo referente al proceso de calentamiento de un medio poroso saturado hasta ebullición-"dryout" de su fase líquida se ha descrito un modelo físico de comportamiento de los diferentes medios porosos que comporta las siguientes fases:
i) Calentamiento del medio hasta la temperatura de saturación de su fase líquida, con evidente aumento de volumen de las fases sólida y líquida por dilatación térmica.
ii) Proceso de evaporación con formación de una capa bifásica cuya frontera superior se desplaza a la velocidad del frente de vapor. Simultáneamente se produce una disminución de la presión fluidoestática en la frontera de la capa bifásica, lo que se traduce en una reducción del reflujo de líquido hacia la placa calefactora.
iii) Total desaturación de la entrefase medio poroso-placa calefactora al recibir por reflujo menos líquido del que es capaz de evaporar la placa calefactora. Aparición del "dryout" y elevación progresiva de la temperatura de la placa.
iv) Aparición, en algún caso, de un fenómeno de basculamiento de la fase líquida desde la capa subenfriada a la zona desaturada del medio poroso.
A large number of difficulties are found in the experimentation and later modelization of transport and transfer heat and mass process in saturated porous media, which basically derive from the heterogeneity of the medium, the methodology of structural and physic parameterization to assimilate it to a continuous medium.
The raised aims in this doctoral thesis have been directed towards a better knowledge of the influence of several structural parameters of the porous medium, as well as of the properties of the solid matrix and the saturating fluid phase, in the characteristics of boiling of an initially saturated porous medium, heated by its lower boundary and limited by an upper layer of the same saturating liquid.
For this, the influence of the structure of the porous medium (granular or fibrous) and the nature of the solid matrix on the permeability to water and to a surfactant solution of lower concentration have been studied. The influence in relation to effective thermal conductivity and diffusivity in unstationary regime has also been studied. Finally, the boiling process until to achieve dryout conditions has been studied, and the consequences result from the variation of the physical structure of the porous medium, the nature of the solid matrix and the properties of the saturating fluid have been analyzed.
About the fluid dynamic and thermal characteristics of the porous media studied, the thesis concludes that:
- The addition of a surfactant to the saturating water of the porous medium produces a different behaviour depending on the nature of the solid: in inorganic matrix (sand) occasions an increase in the intrinsic permeability, whereas in organic matrix (cotton fibres) produces a decrease as greater as smaller is the porosity of the porous medium. The reasons of this different behaviour are the notable differences of absorption of the surfactant depending on the sort of solid matrix (organic or inorganic) and the important increase of the wetting of the inorganic solid's surface by the fluid activating the displacement of all adsorbed or retained not watery phase between particles.
- The spatially averaged effective thermal diffusivity tends to the value of the diffusivity of the component of the porous medium with lower thermal diffusivity throughout the boiling process.
- The effective thermal diffusivity of the saturated porous media which have s / l < 1 approaches to of the liquid phase; in the media with s / l >> 1, the effective thermal diffusivity is a grade of upper order to the of liquid phase.
- The addition of surfactant to the saturating liquid phase gives rise to the decrease of the effective thermal conductivity of the saturated porous medium with granular and inorganic solid phase.
A physical model of behaviour of the different saturated porous media concerning heating process until to achieve dryout conditions has been described considering the next phases:
i) Heating of the medium until the saturation temperature of its liquid phase, with evident increase of volume of the solid and liquid phases by thermal dilatation.
ii) Evaporation process with creation of a biphasic layer whose upper boundary displaces to the velocity of the vapour front. Simultaneously a decrease of the fluid static pressure in the boundary of the biphasic layer is produced, what result in a reduction of the reflux of liquid towards the heating plate.
iii) Total unsaturation of the porous medium-heating plate interphase caused by to receive less liquid by reflux that the heating plate is capable of evaporating.
iv) Appearance, in some case, of a fast phenomenon of turn upside down of the liquid phase from subcooled layer to the unsaturated zone of the porous medium.
4
Witharana, Sanjeeva. "Boiling of refrigerants on enhanced surfaces and boiling of nanofluids." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Energy Technology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1589.
Повний текст джерела
5
Sriraman, Sharan Ram. "Pool boiling on nano-finned surfaces." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2091.
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6
Roberts, Ian David. "Droplet evaporation from porous surfaces." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294978.
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7
Webb, Stephen David. "Jet impingement on porous surfaces." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/47117/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A series of experiments are described, documenting the flow resulting from the normal impingement of planar and axisymmetric jets onto a porous surface. Six different porous surfaces with open area ratios of 23, 26, 31, 37, 44 and 54% (β = 0.23, 0.26, 0.31, 0.37, 0.44 and 0.54) were placed in low speed (usually 40m/s exit velocity) air jets sufficiently far from the jet exit for the jet to be self similar. The β=0.31, 0.37, 0.44 and 0.54 surfaces were wove wire mesh. Exit Reynolds number based on jet exit diameter is 3x104 for the axisymmetric case and based on exit width from 0.5x104 to 2.1x104 for the planar case. For β=0.44 and β=0.54 the impingement of the jet for both planar and axisymmetric geometries can be summarised as a widening of the jet as it passes through the mesh, followed by a region of reduced entrainment. For β=0.37 and below, there is evidence of wall jets on the upstream side of the surface. For the β=0.31 mesh and β=0.26 perforated plate, there are marked differences between the axisymmetric and planar cases. For the planar cases the flow is turned downstream of the porous surface away from the centreline such that on the centreline the axial velocity falls to zero, whilst a clear jet remains in the axisymmetric cases. Downstream of the β=0.23 porous surface there is a clear bounded jet in both planar and axisymmetric cases. The presence of a counter-flow at some distance from the centreline, downstream of the surface inhibits entrainment into the downstream jet; its growth rate and velocity decay rate are reduced
8
Zhang, Ke. "Enhanced boiling heat transfer on micro/nano structured surfaces." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/21284.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.) PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.Boiling heat transfer is a critical process in large-scale industrial applications such as steam engines and heat exchangers in power plants, and in microscopic heat transfer devices such as heat pipes and microchannels for cooling electronic chips. Enhancing boiling heat transfer thus has great significance on lots of energy transportation and utilization systems. Recent studies has suggested that micro/nano structured surfaces can produce considerably different boiling heat transfer curves than normal plain surfaces, resulting in different values of the critical heat flux (CHF) and heat transfer coefficient (HTC). In this thesis, pool boiling on several new micro/nano structured surfaces was experimentally investigated to further understand the mechanism of boiling heat transfer and increase boiling performance. We first evaluated enhanced boiling heat transfer on three kinds of micro/nano structured super-hydrophilic surfaces: 1) nanowire coated super-hydrophilic surfaces, 2) hybrid microscale cavity and nanowire structured surfaces and 3) hybrid microscale pillar and nanowire structured surfaces. All three surfaces showed significant enhancement of CHF and HTC compared to plain silicon surfaces. Combined micro/nano structured surfaces presented better performance than nanowire coated surfaces suggesting that both active nucleation density and surface roughness significantly affect boiling heating transfer. Experimental investigations indicate an optimum design both in size (~ 20μ𝑚) and density (between 0 and 10000=cm^2) of cavities for microscale cavity/nanowire structured surfaces. The highest CHF and peak HTC values were obtained on microscale pillar/nanowire structured surfaces. Among the test surfaces, the largest enhancements of CHF and peak HTC were 228% and 298%, respectively, compared to plain silicon surfaces. For a better understanding of the boiling phenomena, pool boiling on super-hydrophobic surfaces was also studied. We found that, for super-hydrophobic surfaces, the major heat transfer mechanism at the initial boiling regime is natural convection of liquid water. In conclusion, micro/nano structured surfaces can greatly influence nucleate boiling heat transfer. The various physical attributes employed with the structured surfaces further revealed the profound influence of surface topography on enhancing boiling heat transfer.
2031-01-01
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Kim, Dae Whan. "Convection and flow boiling in microgaps and porous foam coolers." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7446.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.Thesis research directed by: Mechanical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
10
Kelley, Mitchell Joseph. "Experimental design for study of nucleate boiling in porous structures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68530.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 48).
The superheat required to initiate nucleate boiling inside porous wicks is not well understood in practice. This thesis reports the design of an experimental setup for investigating the onset of vapor nucleation in sintered porous structures. Pressure sensing was evaluated as an effective means of detecting the onset of nucleation. Thermal studies were conducted with a custom finite difference script in conjunction with finite element analysis. Heat conduction through a three dimensional wick was reduced to one dimensional conduction via symmetry and design constraints. The wick was optimized to achieve a temperature drop of 30 *C at a common heat pipe operating temperature of 70 °C.
by Mitchell Joseph Kelley.
S.B.
11
Showkat, Ali Syamir Alihan. "Flow over and past porous surfaces." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/86527ebe-9574-425b-a1c4-6152f07cf4b4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is concerned with the application of porous treatments as a means of flow and aerodynamic noise reduction. An extensive experimental investigation is undertaken to study the effects of flow interaction with porous media, in particular in the context of the manipulation of flow over a flat plate and past the blunt trailing edges. Comprehensive boundary layer and wake measurements have been carried out for a long flat plate with solid and porous blunt trailing edges. Unsteady velocity and surface pressure measurements have also been performed to gain an in-depth understanding of the changes to the energy–frequency content and coherence of the boundary layer and wake structures as a result of the flow interaction with a porous treatment. The interaction of the flow with the porous substrate was found to significantly alter the energy cascade within the boundary layer. Results have shown that permeable treatments can effectively delay the vortex shedding and stabilize the flow over the blunt edge via mechanisms involving flow penetration into the porous medium and discharge into the near-wake region. It has also been shown that the porous treatment can effectively destroy the spanwise coherence of the boundary layer structures and suppress the velocity and pressure coherence, particularly at the vortex shedding frequency. The flow–porous scrubbing and its effects on the near-wall and large coherent structures have also been studied. The emergence of a quasi-periodic recirculating flow field inside highly permeable surface treatments has also been investigated. This study has identified several important mechanisms concerning the application of porous treatments and paves the way for further investigation into the interaction of the porous media with different flow fields and development of tailored porous treatments for improving the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic performance of different aero- and hydro-components.
12
MacIver, Alasdair. "The application of enhanced surfaces to boiling over tube bundles." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1472.
Повний текст джерела
13
Sathyamurthi, Vijaykumar. "Pool boiling studies on nanotextured surfaces under highly subcooled conditions." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1155.
Повний текст джерела
14
Li, Nanxi. "High-pressure pool boiling and physical insight of engineered surfaces." Diss., Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35561.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
Amy R. Betz
Boiling is a very effective way of heat transfer due to the latent heat of vaporization. Large amount of heat can be removed as bubbles form and leave the heated surface. Boiling heat transfer has lots of applications both in our daily lives and in the industry. The performance of boiling can be described with two important parameters, i.e. the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and the critical heat flux (CHF). Enhancing the performance of boiling will greatly increase the efficiency of thermal systems, decrease the size of heat exchangers, and improve the safety of thermal facilities. Boiling heat transfer is an extremely complex process. After over a century of research, the mechanism for the HTC and CHF enhancement is still elusive. Previous research has demonstrated that fluid properties, system pressures, surface properties, and heater properties etc. have huge impact on the performance of boiling. Numerous methods, both active and passive, have been developed to enhance boiling heat transfer. In this work, the effect of pressure was investigated on a plain copper substrate from atmospheric pressure to 45 psig. Boiling heat transfer performance enhancement was then investigated on Teflon© coated copper surfaces, and graphene oxide coated copper surfaces under various system pressures. It was found that both HTC and CHF increases with the system pressure on all three types of surfaces. Enhancement of HTC on the Teflon© coated copper surface is contributed by the decrease in wettability. It is also hypothesized that the enhancement in both HTC and CHF on the graphene oxide coated surface is due to pinning from micro and nanostructures in the graphene oxide coating or non-homogeneous wettability. Condensation and freezing experiments were conducted on engineered surfaces in order to further characterize the pinning effect of non-homogeneous wettability and micro/nano structure of the surface.
15
Masondo, Phumlani Thulani. "Further development of Twinlay porous asphalt surfaces." Thesis, Peninsula Technikon, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1031.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MTech (Civil Engineering))--Peninsula Technikon, 2001Road traffic noise (with tyre/road interaction being the predominating factor to the generation of noise production especially at vehicle speed above 50 km/h) is becoming an escalating problem that poses a threat to the environment. Ways and means of eradicating or at least retarding this problem have led to the development of Porous Asphalt surfaces which has excellent functionality. Porous asphalt has been used mainly for reducing aquaplaning subsequently reducing splash and spray thereby reducing accident rate during wet weather conditions, reducing road traffic noise and improves wet weather skid resistance Two layered construction so called "Twinlay" is a new development which was initiated in the Netherland with an intention of optimizing reduction to road traffic noise and also to solve the shortfalls (e.g. clogging) associated with the conventional single layer of porous asphalt. Twinlay is made up of a bottom layer of porous asphalt with a coarse single grained aggregate (11/16) and a thin top layer of fine porous asphalt (4/8). Twinlay has many advantages as opposed to the previous practises (single layer of porous asphalt) in South Africa, e.g the fine top layer acts as a sieve preventing sand or dirt from clogging the coarse bottom layer, and also, the fine surface texture of the top layer reduces tyre/road noise and many more. More research into road/traffic noise reveals that the acoustic properties of a conventional Twinlay porous asphalt surface can be further improved by introducing a thick double layer system (e.g. Superfine Twinlay) with a superfine top singlegrained aggregate mixture.
16
Furberg, Richard. "Enhanced boiling heat transfer from a novel nanodendritic micro-porous copper structure." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4057.
Повний текст джерела
17
Tow, Emily Winona. "Bubble behavior in subcooled flow boiling on surfaces of variable wettability." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/75682.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 59).
Flow boiling is important in energy conversion and thermal management due to its potential for very high heat fluxes. By improving understanding of the conditions leading to bubble departure, surfaces can be designed that increase heat transfer coefficients in flow boiling. Bubbles were visualized during subcooled nucleate flow boiling of water on a surface of variable wettability. Images obtained from the videos were analyzed to find parameters influencing bubble size at departure. A model was developed relating the dimensions of the bubble at departure to its upstream and downstream contact angles based on a rigid-body force balance between momentum and surface tension and assuming a skewed truncated spherical bubble shape. Both experimental and theoretical results predict that bubble width and height decrease with increasing flow speed and that the width increases with the equilibrium contact angle. The model also predicts that the width and height increase with the amount of contact angle hysteresis and that the height increases with equilibrium contact angle, though neither of these trends were clearly demonstrated by the data. Several directions for future research are proposed, including modifications to the model to account for deviations of the bubbles from the assumed geometry and research into the parameters controlling contact angle hysteresis of bubbles in a flow. Additionally, observations support that surfaces with periodically-varying contact angle may prevent film formation and increase the heat transfer coefficients in both film and pool boiling.
by Emily W. Tow.
S.B.
18
Emerson, Preston Todd. "Thermal Atomization Due to Boiling During Droplet Impingement on Superhydrophobic Surfaces." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7878.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Superhydrophobic (SH) surfaces are characterized by their extraordinary water repellent qualities. When water comes in contact with these surfaces, it beads up and rolls around. This phenomenon is due partially to surface chemistry which promotes weak adhesive forces between liquid and solid. However, micro- and nanoscale surface roughness also plays a crucial role by trapping air beneath the liquid, reducing liquid-solid contact. Many advantages of these surfaces have been identified, including drag reduction and self-cleaning properties, and the body of research regarding them has grown rapidly over the past few decades.This thesis is concerned with water droplets impinging superheated, superhydrophobic surfaces. In these scenarios, boiling is common in the droplet, producing vapor bubbles which burst through the droplet lamella and cause a spray of miniscule water particles known as thermal atomization. The work contained in this thesis uses an image processing technique to quantify trends in thermal atomization intensity during droplet impingement scenarios for a range of surface microstructure configurations, superheat temperatures, and Weber numbers.In one study, droplet impingement on a smooth hydrophobic and three post-patterned SH surfaces of similar solid fraction is considered. In general, as pitch (center-to-center distance between posts) increases, atomization intensity decreases. This is attributed to the enhanced ability for vapor escape beneath the droplet that is present for wider pitch surfaces. Atomization intensity increases with increasing Weber number for each of the surfaces considered. Additionally, the Leidenfrost point is found to increase with increasing Weber number and decreasing pitch.Next, thermal atomization on SH surfaces with two distinct microstructure configurations is considered: square posts (which allow vapor escape between structures) and square holes (which block vapor escape). Tests are done for each configuration with varying microstructure height, and structure spacing and solid fraction are held constant. Comparing the two configurations at each structure height and Weber number, the post-patterned surfaces suppress atomization for a large number of scenarios compared to the hole surfaces, supporting the theory that vapor escape through microstructures suppresses atomization. Microstructure height significantly affects trends in atomization intensity with surface temperature and Weber number. The LFP is seen to decrease with increasing height.
19
Greene, George W. IV. "Surface modification of sintered porous polyethylene membrane." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20126.
Повний текст джерела
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Alfama, Marco. "Theoretical and experimental investigation of the heat transfer and pressure drop optimisation on textured heat transfer surfaces." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/62792.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modern nuclear reactors still use Zirconium-4 Alloy (Zircaloy®) as the cladding material for fuel elements. A substantial amount of research has been done to investigate the boiling heat transfer behind the cooling mechanism of the reactor. Boiling heat transfer is notoriously difficult to quantify in an acceptable manner and many empirical correlations have been derived in order to achieve some semblance of a mathematical model. It is well known that the surface conditions on the heat transfer surface plays a role in the formulation of the heat transfer coefficient but on the other hand it also has an effect on the pressure drop alongside the surface. It is therefore necessary to see whether there might be an optimum surface roughness that maximises heat transfer and still provides acceptably low pressure drop. The purpose of this study was to experimentally measure pressure drop and heat transfer associated with vertical heated tubes surrounded by flowing water in order to produce flow boiling heat transfer. The boiling heat transfer data was used to ascertain what surface roughness range would be best for everyday functioning of nuclear reactors. An experimental set-up was designed and built, which included a removable panel that could be used to secure a variety of rods with different surface roughnesses. The pressure drop, surface temperature, flow rate and heat input measurements were taken and captured in order to analyse the heat transfer and friction factors. Four rods were manufactured with different roughnesses along with a fifth rod, which remained standard. These rods were tested in the flow loop with water in the upward flow direction. Three different system mass flow rates were used: 0kg/s, 3.2kg/s and 6.4kg/s. Six repetitions were done on each rod for the tests; the first repetition was not used in the results since it served the purpose to deaerate the water in the flow loop. The full range of the power input was used for each repetition in the tests. For the heat transfer coefficient at a system mass flow rate of 3.2kg/s, satisfactory comparisons were made between the test results and those found in literature with an average deviation of 14.53%. At 6.4kg/s system mass flow rate the comparisons deviated on average 55.45%. The velocity of the fluid in the test section was calculated from the pressure drop and was validated using separate tests. The plain rod, with no added roughness, was found to be the optimal surface roughness which is what is used in industry today. The flow loop was in need of a couple of redesigns in order to produce more accurate results. Future work suggestions include adding more rods in the test section in order to investigate the nature of heat transfer in a rod bundle array as well as implementing all the suggested changes listed in the conclusion.Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering
MEng
Unrestricted
21
Bailey, Wendell O. S. "Applications of pool boiling heat transfer on modulated surfaces in organic liquids." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437112.
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Sathyanarayana, Aravind. "Pool and flow boiling of novel heat transfer fluids from nanostructured surfaces." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50299.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Steadily increasing heat dissipation in electronic devices has generated renewed interest in direct immersion cooling. The ideal heat transfer fluid for direct immersion cooling applications should be chemically and thermally stable, and compatible with the electronic components. These constraints have led to the use of Novec fluids and fluroinerts as coolants. Although these fluids are chemically stable and have low dielectric constants, they are plagued by poor thermal properties. These factors necessitate the development of new heat transfer fluids with improved heat transfer properties and applicability. Computer Aided Molecular Design (CAMD) approach was used in this work to systematically design novel heat transfer fluids that exhibit significantly better properties than those of current high performance electronic coolants. The candidate fluids generated by CAMD were constrained by limiting their boiling points, latent heat of vaporization and thermal conductivity. The selected candidates were further screened using a figure of merit (FOM) analysis. Some of the fluids/additives that have been identified after the FOM analysis include C₄H₅F₃O, C₄H₄F₆O, C₆H₁₁F₃, C₄ H₁₂O₂Si, methanol, and ethoxybutane. The heat transfer performance of these new fluids/fluid mixtures was analyzed through pool boiling and flow boiling experiments. All the fluid mixtures tested showed an improvement in the critical heat flux (CHF) when compared to the base fluid (HFE 7200). A pool boiling model was developed using the phase field method available in COMSOL. Although these simulations are computationally expensive, they provide an alternate solution to evaluate several candidate fluids generated using the CAMD approach.
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Tarrad, Ali Hussain. "Pool boiling of pure fluids and mixtures on plain and enhanced surfaces." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/865.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The thesis contains a comprehensive literature survey of the important aspects of the boiling heat transfer process. The effect of different parameters on the performance of the heating element is reviewed in detail which includes the heating surface condition and pressure. The fundamentals of bubble growth rate and departure parameters, diameter and time, are reviewed and discussed. An experimental investigation of pool boiling on an electrically heated horizontal 90% copper:10% nickel 19 mm o.d and 56 mm long tube is described. Boiling heat transfer coefficients were obtained for four enhanced surfaces and compared to those of a plain tube in the heat flux range 5-60 kW /m2 at atmospheric pressure. Three integrally formed tube surfaces, Turbo-B, 19 FPI Gewa-TX and 19 FPI Low Finned and one sintered porous surface, High Flux, were used in the tests. The boiling pure liquids were water, ethanol, n-pentane and R113. The plain tube was tested with p-xylene in addition to these liquids in the heat flux range 5-50 kW /m2. The te~ts were carried out on two types of mixtures, the wide boiling range n-pentane/tetradecene mixture and the narrow boiling range ethanol/water mixture. Qualitative and quantitative information gained from the mass of data obtained in this investigation together with some unreported phenomenon accompanying the boiling process are reported. Longitudinal temperature variation in the tube section was measured in the tests. This was achieved by locating four thermocouples in three different longitudinal positions in the tube section. A numerical finite difference analysis was employed to predict the temperature distribution in the tube section using apxxxvi propriate boundary conditions. The model failed to predict the exact measured temperature variation in the tube section. However, the temperature profile was predicted well. A new approach to prediction of bubble growth rate in pure liquids and binary mixt,ures is developed. This technique is considered a new application for the numerical moving boundary problems in the polar coordinates and including the convection effect produced from the density difference between the vapour and liquid phases. The analysis employs the boundary conditions at the vapour /liquid interface to trace the motion of the bubble wall together with any associated variables. The mass and/or energy equations were solved for the liquid domain in the vicinity of the bubble wall. Good agreement between the calculated bubble growth rate in pure liquids and that of other investigators was obtained . The prediction of mixture growth rate is lower than that of existing correlations.
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Butterfield, David Jacob. "Jet Impingement Heat Transfer from Superheated, Superhydrophobic Surfaces." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9167.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Liquid jet impingement is a technique ubiquitously used to rapidly remove large amounts of heat from a surface. Several different regions of heat transfer spanning from forced convection to nucleate, transition, and film boiling can occur very near to one other both temporally and spatially in quenching or high wall heat flux scenarios. Heat transfer involving jet impingement has previously shown dependency both on jet characteristics such as flow rate and temperature as well as surface material properties. Water droplets are known to bead up upon contact with superhydrophobic (SH) surfaces. This is due to reduced surface attraction caused by micro- or nanostructures that, combined with a natively hydrophobic surface chemistry, reduce liquid-solid contact area and attraction, promoting droplet mobility. This remarkable capability possessed by SH surfaces has been studied in depth due to its potential for self-cleaning and shear reduction, but previous research regarding heat transfer on such surfaces shows that it has varying effects on thermal transport. This thesis investigates the effect that quenching initially hot SH surfaces by water jet impingement has on heat transfer, particularly regarding phase change. Two comparative studies are presented. The first examines differences in transient heat transfer from hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and SH surfaces over a range of initial surface temperatures and with jets of varying Reynolds number (ReD), modified by adjusting flow rate. Comparisons of instantaneous local heat flux from the surfaces are made by performing an energy balance over differential control volumes across the surfaces. General trends show increased heat flux, jet spreading velocity and maximum jet spread radius when ReD is increased. An increase in inital surface temperature resulted in increased heat flux across all surfaces, but slowed jet spreading. The local heat flux, average heat rate, and total thermal energy transfer from the surface all confirmed that SH surfaces allow significantly less heat to transfer to the jet compared to hydrophilic surfaces, due to the enhanced Leidenfrost condition and reduced liquid-solid contact on SH surfaces which augments thermal resistance. The second study compares jet impingement heat transfer from SH surfaces of varying microstructures. Similar thermal effects due to modified jet ReD and initial surface temperature were observed. Modifying geometric pattern from microposts to microholes, altering cavity fraction, and changing feature pitch and width had little impact on heat transfer. However, reducing feature height on the post surfaces facilitated water penetration within the microstructure, slightly enhancing thermal transport.
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Zacharia, Renju. "Desorption of gases from graphitic and porous carbon surfaces." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2004/162/index.html.
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Wal, Bouwe Pieter van der. "Static and dynamic wetting of porous Teflon® surfaces." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2006. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/297984551.
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Hultstein, Eric. "Process Parameters for Creation of Porous Stainless Steel Surfaces." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-145121.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Detta examensarbete ämnar att undersöka värmebehandlingsmetoder för att skapaporösa austenitiska rostfria stål samt utvärdera ifall dessa ytor medför förbättringargentemot referensmaterialen. De porösa ytorna skapades genom en två-stegs metod.Prover oxiderades initialt i en fuktig eller torr argon atmosfär för att sedan reducerasi ren vätgas. De material som använts i denna studie är austenitiska rostrifa stål ienhlighet med standardena 1.4301 (304), 1.4404 (316L), 1.4435 (316L) och F-138 (316LVM).Oxidationsprocessen genomfördes under temperaturer över 630 ◦ C under 150 - 1200 s.Efteråt reducerades proverna i ren vätgas under 150 - 2400 s.För att karakterisera processen undersöktes proverna med svepelektronmikroskopsamt elektron-dispersiv röntgenspektrometer. Vissa prover har även analyserats medhjälp av ljusoptiskt mikroskop, bildanalys samt värmeledningsförmåga. Resultaten visarklart att alla undersökta material kan uppvisa porösa strukturer, dock kan inte allaprocessparametrar möjliggöra uppkomsten av dessa. Generellt sett beror porositeten påden underliggande strukturen skapade under oxidationen. Det har ännu inte varit möjligtatt karaterisera några kristallstrukturer, kemisk analys tyder dock på närvaro av kromoxid,(Cr,Fe) spineller samt järnoxider. Resultaten konstaterar att en kort oxidationstid normaltbildar kromoxid medan längre oxidation medför uppkomsten av järnoxider. En ökadreduktionstid leder till större och färre porer jämfört med kortare reduktionstider. Kemiskaanalyser visar enhälligt att porösa strukturer innahåller till största del järn. En trolig orsaktill detta beteende kan kopplas till det fenomen där krom förångas under oxidation i fuktigaatmosfärer. Följaktikligen blir även ytan känslig för korrosion då majoriteten av krom harförsvunnit.Utvärdering av egenskaperna hos dessa ytor visar en tydlig förbättring i värmeledning vianaturlig konvektion. Värmeväxlingen mellan två uider uppvisar dock inte någon störreskillnad förutom under låga ödeshastigheter då en porös yta tenderar att transporterabort mer värmeThis work aim to investigate a novel process by means of process parameters for creationof porous austenitic stainless steels surfaces as well as investigate if they permit anyimprovements compared to reference materials. Porous surfaces were created by a two-step method; samples were initially oxidised in a wet argon atmosphere and subsequentlyreduced in a pure hydrogen. The materials used in this investigation are all stainless steelswith specications according to steel grades 1.4301 (304), 1.4404 (316L), 1.4435 (316L)and F-138 (316LVM). The oxidation process is performed above 630 ◦ C for 150 - 1200 s in aow of wet argon or dry air and reduction is performed with a ow hydrogen for 150 - 2400 s.In order to understand the heat treatment processes, samples were characterised by usinga scanning electron microscope together with an electron dispersive x-ray spectrometer.However, light optical microscopy, image analysis and heat transfer measurement werealso used. Results show that all materials can obtain porous structures even though itis evident some process parameters cannot support successful creation of porosity. Ingeneral, the porosity depends on the structure created upon oxidation. It has not beenpossible to identify any crystal structures but compositional analysis as well as previousliterature suggest presence of chromia, (Cr,Fe) spinels and iron oxides. It is concluded thatshort time oxidation frequently creates chromia layers and prolonged oxidation inducesiron oxides due to breakaway oxidation. An increased reduction time results in larger andfewer pores. Compositional analyses show that all porous morphologies are created withina very iron rich layer. It is suggested that wet oxidation promote chromium evaporation,which consequently reduces the amount of chromium in the surface and enables iron oxideto rapidly form. Furthermore, results show that the porous layer is very susceptible tocorrosion as almost no chromium is present after the heat treatment. Evaluation of the properties of porous surfaces reveals a signicant improvement in heattransfer due to natural convection. Heat exchange between uids is though not enhancedgreatly by porous surfaces, a small improvement can be seen for low ow rates but for largerows no improvement is found.
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O'Hanley, Harrison Fagan. "Separate effects of surface roughness, wettability and porosity on boiling heat transfer and critical heat flux and optimization of boiling surfaces." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78208.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering; and, (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 157-161).
The separate effects of surface wettability, porosity, and roughness on critical heat flux (CHF) and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) were examined using carefully-engineered surfaces. All test surfaces were prepared on nanosmooth indium tin oxide - sapphire heaters and tested in a pool boiling facility in MIT's Reactor Thermal Hydraulics Laboratory. Roughness was controlled through fabrication of micro-posts of diameter 20[mu]m and height 15[mu]m; intrinsic wettability was controlled through deposition of thin compact coatings made of hydrophilic SiO₂ (typically, 20nm thick) and hydrophobic fluorosilane (monolayer thickness); porosity and pore size were controlled through deposition of layer-by-layer coatings made of SiO₂ nanoparticles. The ranges explored were: 0 - 15[mu] for roughness (Rz), 0 - 135 degrees for intrinsic wettability, and 0 - 50% and 50nm for porosity and pore size, respectively. During testing, the active heaters were imaged with an infrared camera to map the surface temperature profile and locate distinct nucleation sites. It was determined that wettability can play a large role on a porous surface, but has a limited effect on a smooth non-porous surface. Porosity had very pronounced effects on CHF. When coupled with hydrophilicity, a porous structure enhanced CHF by approximately 50% - 60%. However, when combined with a hydrophobic surface, porosity resulted in a reduction of CHF by 97% with respect to the reference surface. Surface roughness did not have an appreciable effect, regardless of the other surface parameters present. Hydrophilic porous surfaces realized a slight HTC enhancement, while the HTC of hydrophobic porous surfaces was greatly reduced. Roughness had little effect on HTC. A second investigation used spot patterning aimed at creating a surface with optimal characteristics for both CHF and HTC. Hydrophobic spots (meant to be preferential nucleation sites) were patterned on a porous hydrophilic surface. The spots indeed were activated as nucleation sites, as recognized via the IR signal. However, CHF and HTC were not enhanced by the spots. In some instances, CHF was actually decreased by the spots, when compared to a homogenous porous hydrophilic surface.
by Harrison Fagan O'Hanley.
S.B.
S.M.
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Clavijo, Angeles Cristian Esteban. "Droplet Impingement on Superhydrophobic Surfaces." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6306.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This dissertation explores the physics of droplet impingement on superhydrophobic surfaces. The research is divided in three categories. First, the effect of a slip boundary condition on droplet spreading/retracting is considered. A model is developed based on energy conservation to evaluate spreading rates on surfaces exhibiting isotropic and anisotropic slip. The results show that larger slip causes the droplet to spread out farther owing to reduced friction at the interface for both slip scenarios. Furthermore, effects of slip become magnified for large Weber numbers due to the larger solid-liquid contact area during the process. On surfaces with anisotropic slip, droplets adopt an elliptical shape following the azimuthal contour of the slip on the surface. It is common for liquid to penetrate into the cavities at the superhydrophobic interface following droplet impact. Once penetrated, the flow is said to be in the Wenzel state and many superhydrophobic advantages, such as self-cleaning and drag-reduction, become negated. Transition from the Wenzel to the Cassie state (liquid resides above the texture) is referred to as dewetting and is the focus of the second piece of this dissertation. Micro-pillar pitch, height and temperature play a role on dewetting dynamics. The results show that dewetting rates increase with increasing pillar height and increasing surface temperature. A scaling model is constructed to obtain an explanation for the experimental observations and suggests that increasing pillar height increasing the driving dewetting force, while increasing surface temperature decreases dissipation. The last piece of work of this dissertation entails droplet impingement on superheated surfaces (100°C - 400°C). We find that the Leidenfrost point (LFP) occurs at a lower temperature on a hydrophobic surface than a hydrophilic one, where the LFP refers to the lowest temperature at which secondary atomization ceases to occur. This behavior is attributed to the manner in which vapor bubbles grow at the solid-liquid interface. Also in this work, high-speed photographs reveal that secondary atomization can be significantly suppressed on a superhydrophobic surface owing to the micro-pillar forest which allows vapor to escape hence minimizing bubble formation within the droplet. However, a more in-depth study into different superhydrophobic texture patterns later reveals that atomization intensity can significantly increase for small pitch values given the obstruction to vapor flow presented by the increased frequency of the pillars.
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Ngan, Mei Lun. "Photoluminescence excitation of porous silicon." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1998. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/139.
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Bashir, Imran. "Acoustical exploitation of rough, mixed impedance on porous surfaces outdoors." Thesis, Open University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.606960.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is a contribution towards developing cost-effective ways for reducing outdoor traffic noise in outdoor environments by exploiting the interaction between sound travelling directly to a listener from the source and sound reflected by the intervening ground . Sound propagation over different kinds of porous, rough and mixed impedance ground surfaces have been studied experimentally and numerically. Measurements of short-range acoustic level difference spectra over outdoor ground surfaces and artificially-created surfaces outdoors and in the laboratory have been compared with predictions to establish suitable impedance models. Sound propagation over mixed impedance ground having single or multiple impedance discontinuities has also been studied . Acoustic transmission loss through vegetation, crops and hedges has been investigated. • The phenomenon of sound diffraction and periodicity due to rough periodic ground surfaces has been explored through artificially created rough surfaces in the laboratory and outdoors. The phenomenon of surface wave propagation over rough hard surfaces and porous surfaces has been explored through laboratory experiments. Measured data indoors and outdoors have been used to validate numerical (BEM and FEM), empirical and analytical (MST) prediction techniques. The validated numerical methods have been used to make predictions at scales suitable for attenuating traffic noise by means of carefully designed ground treatments. The work has also been extended to railway and tramway noise. It has been found that replacing hard ground with porous ground, introducing single or multiple impedance discontinuities, growing vegetation and introducing low height roughness can all contribute between 3 and 15 dB additional attenuation of traffic noise. In respect of replacing hard ground by porous ground, it is concluded that the ground with lowest flow resistivity i.e. grassland left untouched and allowed to grow wild gives the best attenuation performance. However, dividing a single width of soft ground into alternating strips of hard and soft surfaces does not improve the insertion loss. The overall width of the soft surface is the main factor. Cultivating crops over porous ground can enhance the attenuation but the effect is not very significant for A-weighted levels as most of additional attenuation occurs at higher frequencies above 3 kHz. A 0.3 m high and at least 3 m wide lattice structure design is found to be very useful for traffic noise attenuation since it offers greater insertion loss than the same width and height of parallel low walls and the resulting attenuation is azimuthal angle independent. It has been shown also that the potentially negative effect on insertion loss due to propagation of roughness-induced surface waves over rough surfaces can be reduced by introducing sound absorbing material in between the walls.
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Searle, Matthew Clark. "Thermal Transport at Superhydrophobic Surfaces in Impinging Liquid Jets, Natural Convection, and Pool Boiling." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7065.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This dissertation focuses on the effects of superhydrophobic (SHPo) surfaces on thermal transport. The work is divided into two main categories: thermal transport without phase change and thermal transport with phase change. Thermal transport without phase change is the topic of four stand-alone chapters. Three address jet impingement at SHPo surfaces and the fourth considers natural convection at a vertical, SHPo wall. Thermal transport with phase change is the topic of a single stand-alone chapter exploring pool boiling at SHPo surfaces. Two chapters examining jet impingement present analytical models for thermal transport; one considered an isothermal wall and the other considered an isoflux wall. The chapter considering the isothermal scenario has been archivally published. Conclusions are presented for both models. The models indicated that the Nusselt number decreased dramatically as the temperature jump length increased. Further, the influence of radial position, jet Reynolds number, Prandtl number and isoflux versus isothermal heating become negligible as temperature jump length increased. The final chapter concerning jet impingement reports an experimental exploration of jet impingement at post patterned SHPo surfaces with varying microfeature pitch and cavity fraction. The empirical results show a decrease in Nusselt number relative to smooth hydrophobic surfaces for small pitch and cavity fraction and the isoflux model agrees well with this data when the ratio of temperature jump length to slip length is 3.1. At larger pitch and cavity fractions, the empirical results have higher Nusselt numbers than the SHPo surfaces with small pitch and cavity fraction but remain smaller than the smooth hydrophobic surface. We attribute this to the influence of small wetting regions. The chapter addressing natural convection presents an analytical model for buoyant flow at a vertical SHPo surface. The Nusselt number decreased dramatically as temperature jump length increased, with greater decrease occurring near the lower edge and at higher Rayleigh number. Thermal transport with phase change is the topic of the final stand-alone chapter concerning pool boiling, which has been archivally published. Surface heat flux as a function of surface superheat was reported for SHPo surfaces with rib and post patterning at varying microfeature pitch, cavity fraction, and microfeature height. Nucleate boiling is more suppressed on post patterned surfaces than rib patterned surfaces. At rib patterned surfaces, transition superheat decreases as cavity fraction increases. Increasing microfeature height modestly increases the transition superheat. Once stable film boiling is achieved, changes in surface microstructure negligibly influence thermal transport.
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Karadeniz, Hüseyin [Verfasser]. "Numerical Modeling of Stagnation Flows over Porous Catalytic Surfaces / Hüseyin Karadeniz." Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2016. http://www.ksp.kit.edu.
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Neyland, Ryan P. "Colloid Detachment from Rough Surfaces in the Environment." Link to electronic thesis, 2005. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050505-114151/.
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Bockwoldt, Todd S. "Induced convective enhancement of the critical heat flux for partially heated surfaces in pool boiling." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13094.
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Bian, David (David Wei). "Enhanced flow boiling heat transfer in microchannels with structured surfaces at varied mass flow rates." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98956.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 39-40).
This thesis investigates the role of mass flux on flow boiling heat transfer in microchannels with surface micropillar arrays. The motivation for this investigation was to determine the general trends of the optimal micropillar array geometry in terms of its heat transfer capabilities. The experiment was conducted with three microchannels: a flat surface microchannel, a sample called the 5-15 (height h = 25 [mu]m, diameter d = 5 [mu]m, and pitch l = 15 [mu]m) and a sample called the 10-40 (height h = 25 [mu]m, diameter d = 10 [mu]m, and pitch l = 40 [mu]m). The structured surface microchannels, due to their capillary pressure-induced wicking capabilities, exhibited less temperature rise and pressure drop fluctuations at high heat fluxes. Furthermore, it was verified that the critical heat flux value of all microchannels increased with mass flux. In addition, it was concluded that at lower mass fluxes, the relative percentage heat transfer enhancement of the structured surface microchannels over the flat surface microchannel was greater. The trend observed suggests that denser samples are better at lower mass fluxes. However, if a sample is too dense, there may be too much viscous drag. Thus, an optimal balance between capillary force and viscous drag must be found in order to determine the optimum micropillar array geometry and density for maximizing the critical heat flux value. Finally, for a given mass flux, the pressure drop across every microchannel was approximately equal at all heat fluxes. This implies that no additional power consumption is required to pump a particular mass flux through a structured surface microchannel than a flat surface microchannel, though there is certainly additional power required to increase the mass flux. This work provides insights into the roles of both the micropillar array surface structures and the mass fluxes on the heat transfer performance of flow boiling in microchannels. The results and observations of this experiment may prove helpful in guiding future work in an attempt to optimize microchannels for heat transfer applications in electronics.
by David Bian.
S.B.
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Sapin, Paul. "Etude expérimentale de l'ébullition en masse dans un milieu poreux modèle." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/12148/1/sapin_partie_1_sur_2.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ce travail propose une étude expérimentale de l'ébullition en masse dans une structure poreuse modèle. L'objectif est d'approfondir la compréhension des transferts de chaleur dans un écoulement diphasique avec changement de phase liquide-vapeur en milieu poreux, en liaison avec la problématique de la gestion des accidents graves dans les réacteurs nucléaires. A la suite d'un dysfonctionnement sur le circuit de refroidissement d'un réacteur nucléaire, l'augmentation de la température au sein du cœur provoque l'effondrement des tubes contenant le combustible. Il en résulte la formation d'un lit de débris chaud, assimilable à un milieu poreux dégageant une puissance thermique importante, qui peut être refroidi efficacement par renoyage avec de l'eau. Cela engendre des mécanismes d'ébullition intenses qu'il convient de modéliser proprement pour estimer les chances de succès du renoyage. Notre étude vise à caractériser les échanges de chaleur à l'échelle du pore en fonction des caractéristiques de l'écoulement local. Une partie importante du travail a été consacrée à la mise au point du dispositif expérimental. Le cœur du dispositif est un milieu poreux bidimensionnel formé de cylindres disposés aléatoirement entre deux plaques de céramique. Chaque cylindre est une sonde à résistance de platine, utilisée non seulement pour fournir la puissance thermique désirée mais aussi pour mesurer la température de l'élément : chaque élément chauffant est contrôlé individuellement ou en groupe à l'aide d'un système d'asservissement temps réel. La plaque supérieure étant transparente, la distribution des phases au sein du poreux est obtenue par visualisation haute vitesse. L'acquisition d'images et les mesures thermiques permettent de caractériser l'échange de chaleur effectif local en fonction du régime d'ébullition. Deux configurations principales ont été étudiées. Dans la première, le milieu est initialement saturé en liquide et chauffé jusqu'à l'apparition de la vapeur et l'obtention de différents régimes d'ébullition. Ceci a notamment permis d'établir des courbes de Nukiyama en milieu confiné. Dans la seconde, dite de renoyage, le liquide est injecté dans le milieu sec et surchauffé initialement. Ceci a permis de caractériser la dynamique du renoyage et de visualiser les régimes d'écoulement rencontrés. Les résultats sont discutés en relation avec le modèle macroscopique à non-équilibre thermique local actuellement le plus avancé pour l'étude de ces différentes situations d'ébullition.
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Liu, Yawen. "Research of Two Types of Slippery Surfaces: Slippery Polydimethylsiloxane Elastomers and Polyelectrolyte Multilayers Slippery Surfaces." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1530877456582558.
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Esawy, Mohamed [Verfasser], and Hans [Akademischer Betreuer] Müller-Steinhagen. "Fouling of structured surfaces during pool boiling of aqueous solutions / Mohamed Esawy. Betreuer: Hans Müller-Steinhagen." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1017079862/34.
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Joshua, Nihal E. "Direct Immersion Cooling Via Nucleate Boiling of HFE-7100 Dielectric Liquid on Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Surfaces." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699916/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study experimentally investigated the effect of hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces characteristics on nucleate boiling heat transfer performance for the application of direct immersion cooling of electronics. A dielectric liquid, HFE – 7100 was used as the working fluid in the saturated boiling tests. Twelve types of 1-cm2 copper heater samples, simulating high heat flux components, featured reference smooth copper surface, fully and patterned hydrophobic surface and fully and patterned hydrophilic surfaces. Hydrophobic samples were prepared by applying a thin Teflon coating following photolithography techniques, while the hydrophilic TiO2 thin films were made through a two step approach involving layer by layer self assembly and liquid phase deposition processes. Patterned surfaces had circular dots with sizes between 40 – 250 μm. Based on additional data, both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces improved nucleate boiling performance that is evaluated in terms of boiling incipience, heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux (CHF) level. The best results, considering the smooth copper surface as the reference, were achieved by the surfaces that have a mixture of hydrophobic/hydrophilic coatings, providing: (a) early transition to boiling regime and with eliminated temperature overshoot phenomena at boiling incipience, (b) up to 58.5% higher heat transfer coefficients, and (c) up to 47.4% higher CHF levels. The studied enhanced surfaces therefore demonstrated a practical surface modification method for heat transfer enhancement in immersion cooling applications.
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Zhu, Geyunjian. "FABRICATION OF SLIPPERY LIQUID-INFUSED POROUS SURFACES USING LAYER-BY-LAYER ASSEMBLY: TOWARDS MULTIFUNCTIONAL SURFACES AND FACILE FABRICATION PROCESSES." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1518051453328934.
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Стрельцова, Юлія Валеріївна. "Характеристики металевих пористих матеріалів: вплив на теплообмін у теплових трубах хімічно-енергетичного призначення". Thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2017. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/20601.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Дисертація присвячена дослідженню двох типів металевих пористих матеріалів, що можуть застосовуватися у якості капілярних структур теплових труб, – моноволокнистих та композиційних волокнисто-порошкових структур.
У результаті досліджень процесів теплопровідності металевих пористих матеріалів отримано залежності для інженерних розрахунків теплопровідності каркасу моноволокнистих і композиційних матеріалів.
На основі експериментальних досліджень впливу характеристик металевих волокнистих матеріалів на процеси кипіння в умовах вільного руху води запропоновано формулу для інженерних розрахунків температурних напорів початку кипіння води на металопористих поверхнях. Експериментальні дані дозволили порівняти реальні значення коефіцієнтів тепловіддачі α з даними, отриманими за уточненою в даній роботі моделлю кипіння на пористих поверхнях. У результаті уточнення вдалося значно наблизити розраховані за моделлю величини α до експериментально отриманих даних і підтвердити адекватність моделі. Із застосуванням моделі було уточнено методику визначення внутрішнього термічного опору теплових труб з металевими пористими структурами.
Виконаний цикл експериментальних досліджень теплових труб з металоволокнистими і теплових труб з композиційними капілярними структурами показав, що при роботі в горизонтальному положенні останні не поступаються за основними характеристиками тепловим трубам з волокнистими капілярними структурами, до того ж перевершують їх за максимальною теплопередавальною здатністю при роботі проти сил гравітації.The dissertation is devoted to the investigation of two types of metal porous materials, which can be used as capillary structures of heat pipes – monofibrous and composite fibrous-powder structures. The dependences for engineering calculations of frame thermal conductivity for monofibrous and composite materials were obtained after the experiments of heat conduction processes in metallic porous materials. Multi-factor dependence for calculations of temperature difference of the water boiling beginning on metallic porous surfaces was proposed on the basis of the experimental studies of boiling in free water flow. The obtained experimental data allowed to compare the real values of heat transfer coefficients α with the data obtained by the model of boiling on porous surfaces (the KPI model) specified in the dissertation. As a result of model elaboration, It became possible to bring the calculated values obtained by the experiments to the model calculated α values and to confirm the adequacy of the model. It was refined the method of internal thermal resistance determining in heat pipes with metal porous structures by the application of the KPI model. The cycle of experimental studies of heat pipes with monofibrous and composite capillary structures showed, that in horizontal position heat pipes with composite structures do not concede with the main characteristics (maximum heat transfer capacity and thermal resistance) to the heat pipes with monofibrous capillary structures. In addition, maximum heat transfer capacity of composite heat pipes has higher values, than the same one of mono-fibrous pipes, when working against the forces of gravity.
Диссертация посвящена исследованию двух типов металлических пористых материалов, которые могут быть использованы в качестве капиллярных структур тепловых труб – моноволокнистых и композиционных волокнисто-порошковых структур. В результате исследований процессов теплопроводности металлических пористых материалов получены зависимости для инженерных расчетов теплопроводности каркаса моноволокнистих и композиционных материлов. Многофакторные зависимости характеризуют взаимосвязь между теплопроводностью каркаса материалов и их структурными характеристиками. Однофакторные функции вида λ кс = f(П) позволили сравнить теплопроводность композиционных и моноволокнистих структур, в результате чего было установлено, что коэффициенты теплопроводности λ кс композиционных капиллярных структур несколько ниже, чем у моноволокнистых структур, для одинаковых диапазонов пористости. Однако это различие в значениях λ кс является незначительным. На основе экспериментальных исследований влияния характеристик металлических волокнистых материалов на процессы кипения в условиях свободного движения воды предложено формулу для инженерных расчетов температурных напоров начала кипения воды на металловолокнистых пористых поверхностях. Полученные в работе результаты удовлетворительно коррелируются с известными данными, однако существуют и определенные различия, которые влияют на уменьшение температурных напоров закипания при одинаковых значениях пористости капиллярных структур. Исследование температурного напора начала кипения на пористых поверхностях позволило определить, что для пористых медных образцов данный температурный напор составляет 0,5-2,0 ⁰С, в то время как температурный напор начала кипения на относительно «гладких» технических поверхностях – от 7 до 12 ⁰С. Экспериментальные данные позволили сравнить реальные значения коэффициентов теплоотдачи α с данными, полученными по уточненной в данной работе модели кипения на пористых поверхностях (модель КПИ). В результате уточнения удалось значительно приблизить рассчитаные по модели величины α к экспериментальным значениям и подтвердить адекватнисть модели. Анализ полученных экспериментальных данных кипения на металлических пористых поверхностях свидетельствует о том, что медные волокнистые структуры средней пористости (40-50 %) в диапазоне толщин от 0,5 до 1,0 мм позволяют обеспечить наибольшие значения коэффициентов теплоотдачи α, по сравнению с металлическими волокнистыми структурами других диапазонов пористостей и толщин, исследованными в данной работе. Также с применением модели кипения КПИ была уточнена методика определения внутреннего термического сопротивления тепловых труб с металлическими пористыми структурами. Выполненный цикл экспериментальных исследований тепловых труб с металло-волокнистыми и композиционными капиллярными структурами с использованием этанола в качестве теплоносителя показал, что в горизонтальном положении и в положении «режим термосифона» тепловые трубы с капиллярными структурами обоих типов обеспечивают стабильное функционирование в диапазоне тепловых потоков до 70 Вт. При этом термические сопротивления тепловых труб с «новым» типом капиллярных структур не превышают термические сопротивления труб, изготовленных на основе моноволокнистых структур. В положениях, когда зона нагрева трубы находится выше, чем зона охлаждения, композиционные капиллярные структуры нового типа обеспечивают стабильное функционирование для тепловых потоков до 25 Вт, что является более высоким показателем, чем у тепловых труб с моноволокнистыми структурами (10-15 Вт). Последний факт нужно учитывать при конструировании аппаратов и приборов с тепловыми трубами.
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Mei, Fang. "COATING OF SILVER FILM ONTO THE INNER PORE SURFACES OF THE RETICULATED ALUMINA BY AN ELECTROLESS PLATING METHOD." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin971276657.
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Dietl, Jochen [Verfasser], Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Stephan, and Johannes [Akademischer Betreuer] Janicka. "Numerical Simulation of Pool Boiling from Reentrant Type Structured Surfaces / Jochen Dietl. Betreuer: Peter Stephan ; Johannes Janicka." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1111910588/34.
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Karadeniz, Hüseyin [Verfasser], and U. [Akademischer Betreuer] Maas. "Numerical Modeling of Stagnation Flows over Porous Catalytic Surfaces / Hüseyin Karadeniz. Betreuer: U. Maas." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/107393991X/34.
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Golding, Randy Dale. "Synthesis and application of alkyl dihydrochlorosilanes: A new approach to the surface modification of porous silica." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184427.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Three alkyldihydrochlorosilanes were synthesized; ethyldihydrochlorosilane, octyldihydrochlorosilane and octadecyldihydrosilane. Ethyldihydrochlorosilane was produced by the reaction of ethylsilane with mercuric chloride and the other two chlorosilanes were produced by the reaction of the alkyl Grignard reagent with dichlorosilane. Each alkyldihydrochlorosilane was reacted with porous silica in an attempt to discover the extent of reaction or the highest surface concentration of bonded groups attainable. The reaction between these alkydihydrochlorosilanes and porous silica was compared to the reaction between silica and the analogous alkyldimethylchlorosilane. The rate of reaction of both type of chlorosilane was found to be essentially the same. The maximum surface concentration of bonded surface groups attainable by alkyldihydrochlorosilanes was found to be approximately 1.3 #moles/m² greater than that attainable by alkyldimethylchlorosilanes. This increased surface coverage seemed to depend very little on the chain length of the alkyl group and was attributed to the decrease in steric hindrance of the bonding silicon atom of the silane. Surface bound silyl hydrides could be oxidized selectively and sequentially to form silane silanols. Surface silanes also appeared to reduce chloroplatinic acid, but were not observed to add efficiently to olefins. The chromatographic properties of silica modified with alkyldihydrochlorosilanes were compared to those of equivalent silicas modified with alkyldimethylchlorosilanes and alkyltrichlorosilanes before and after the surface silanes were oxidized. Both normal and reversed-phase liquid chromatographic studies were conducted. In general, it was found that alkyldihydrochlorosilanes yielded the most polar modified silicas. This greater surface polarity was attributed to an increase in the activity of water in the near surface region of the bonded phase.
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Gershen, Lewis Elliot. "Performance characterization of pool boiling on innovative foams and micro structured surfaces - application to direct immersion cooling of electronics." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/159.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2003.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Piatt, Joseph John 1966. "Sorption and Biodegradation of Organic Solutes Undergoing Transport in Laboratory-scale and Field-scale Heterogeneous Porous Media." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191215.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The first study focused on the magnitude and rate of sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds by two, well-characterized soils. The composition of organic matter had a small effect on the magnitude of the organic carbon normalized equilibrium distribution coefficients. The sorbates sorbed more strongly to the humic-coated soil, most likely due to the organic matter's less polar nature as compared to the fulvic material. The molecular solute descriptor, ¹Xᵛ, performed slightly better than the empirical solute descriptor, K(ov), in evaluating equilibrium sorption coefficients. Thus, sorbate structure may have a secondary influence on the overall magnitude of equilibrium sorption. Sorbate structure exhibited a greater influence on sorption kinetics than on sorption equilibrium. Distinct differences in the magnitudes of mass transfer coefficients for the humic and fulvic soils were observed when relating them to the molecular solute descriptor, ¹Xᵛ. The differences in mass transfer coefficients were attributed to both sorbate structure and the quantity and morphology of soil organic matter. The intrasorbent diffusion coefficients were believed to be the same for both the humic and fulvic material. The second study focused on using a biodegradable solute to measure processes that affect in-situ biodegradation during well-controlled field and laboratory experiments. Specifically, this study investigated how residence time and scale influence the extent and rate of in-situ biodegradation of an organic solute undergoing transport. The transport of the biodegradable solute was compared to that of bromide and/or pentafluorobenzoic acid, which are conservative, non-degradable tracers. Laboratory experiments were conducted to simulate both the flow velocity and residence time conditions existent in the field. Mass recovery the biodegradable solute decreased as the residence time increased, ranging from 14 to 95 percent for the field sites. Mass recoveries in the laboratory experiments were approximately 30% to 40 % less than in the field experiments. The first-order biodegradation rate constants did not vary with residence time for either field site. In addition, the average rate constant value for both field sites was very similar (0.21 d⁻¹).
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Kapetas, Leon. "Microbial controls on contaminant metal transport in porous media." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5769.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Metal contamination in groundwater aquifers poses risks to human health as well as other life forms. Previous laboratory experiments have demonstrated that bacteria found in geologic settings like aquifers are likely to adsorb metal contaminants and attenuate metal migration. However, as bacteria can also migrate through the groundwater aquifer a better understanding of the combined effect of these two processes is required. The aim of this laboratory study was to a) explore the affinity bacteria exhibit towards metals and porous media of varying composition, b) investigate the effect of mineral and solution composition on the bacterial filtration and c) use the combined data to predict the impact of microbes on metal mobility in porous media. Pantoea Agglomerans was used as a model bacterium while column materials consisted of quartz sand and iron-oxide coated sand (IOCS). Bacteria were characterised using potentiometric titrations to identify the type and concentration of sites present on their bacterial wall. Particular attention was paid to the effect of kinetics of proton and metal adsorption due to the variable contact times that solutions have with bacteria in columns. It was found that increasing the contact time between cell surfaces and protons during potentiometric titrations resulted in less reproducible results. This was due to the release of cell exudates under high pH conditions rather than cell death. Exudates were also found to adsorb protons. Moreover, zinc adsorption onto cell surfaces is higher after 60 to 90 minutes of contact time, while there is a decline in adsorption for longer contact times due to release of cell exudates in the solution. Stability constants for the adsorption of zinc onto cell surface sites, quartz and IOCS materials were determined through batch adsorption experiments, providing a mechanistic explanation of the adsorption process. Reactive transport models incorporating kinetics and surface complexation are developed to describe zinc movement through packed columns. Batch kinetic studies showed that significant Zn sorption to IOCS takes place gradually during the first two hours of contact time. Adsorption continues to take place at a slower rate for an additional 10 hours. This kinetic effect is manifested also during flow-through experiments (column dimensions: length 0.12 m, diameter 0.025 m) with a Darcian velocity 6.1·10-3 cm s-1, which is comparable to natural groundwater flow rates through sand porous media. A pseudo-second order kinetic adsorption model is combined with a numerical advection dispersion model for the first time to predict Zn transport. Model output results are of mixed quality as the model cannot successfully describe contaminant arrival time and breakthrough curve shape simultaneously. Moreover, a mechanistic surface complexation reactive transport model is capable of predicting Zn sorption under varying pH conditions demonstrating the versatility of mechanistic models. However, these models do not account for kinetics and therefore they are not intended to fit the dispersion of the contaminant due to kinetic effects of adsorption. Experiments in mixed zinc/cell systems demonstrate that transport through IOCS is dominated by the adsorption to the porous medium. This is consistent with the batch surface complexation predictions for the system. Adsorption to bacteria is reversible and zinc is stripped from the cells and redistributed onto the IOCS. Adsorption onto cells becomes significant and plays a role in mobile metal speciation only once the column is saturated with zinc.
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Chennell, Philip. "Préparation et caractérisation de surfaces poreuses ordonnées en polymères en vue d'applications médicales." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAS005/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les stents urétéraux et les sondes de néphrostomie sont constitués de silicone ou de polyuréthane thermoplastique (TPU). Afin de limiter les risques infectieux lors de leur implantation, une modification topographique par création de pores permettrait de limiter l’adhésion des bactéries et de former des réservoirs pour une libération in situ de substances antiinfectieuses. Ce travail vise à préparer des surfaces en polymère ayant un motif poreux tubulaire ordonné. Une réplication en deux temps à partir de surfaces ordonnées poreuses d’oxyde d’aluminium (PAAO) préparées par 2 méthodes (double anodisation douce et double anodisation dure/douce) a été mise en œuvre pour reproduire le motif initial sur des surfaces en silicone et TPU. Pour le moule intermédiaire trois matériaux ont été testés (acrylonitrile butadiène styrène, polystyrène et résine polyacrylate). Les surfaces ont toutes été caractérisées par des techniques microscopiques et spectroscopiques. Les surfaces en PAAO préparées par double anodisation douce possédaient des pores d’environ 50 nm de diamètre et 100 nm de profondeur, alors que celles obtenues après mise au point de la méthode dure/douce étaient de taille supérieure, d’environ 125 nm de diamètre et ayant des profondeurs de quelques centaines de nanomètres. La surface du moule intermédiaire est constituée de picots. Une adhésion latérale de ceux-ci a été observée pour certaines conditions. La meilleure réplication du motif a été obtenue pour le TPU. Les surfaces ainsi obtenues pourront être utilisées et optimisées lors de l'étude ultérieure de l'adhésion du biofilmUreteral stents and nephrostomy catheters are made of silicone or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). A topographical modification creating an ordered porous surface could limit the infectious risks during their implantation, by reducing bacterial adhesion and creating a loading platform from which anti-infectious compounds could be released.In this work, a two-steps replication method was used to create ordered porous polymer surfaces (silicone or TPU) using porous anodic aluminium oxide (PAAO) as master template. The PAAO surfaces were prepared by double mild or double hard/mild anodization. Three intermediate mould materials were tested (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polystyrene, polyacrylate resin). The polymer material (silicone or TPU) was then moulded onto the intermediate mould surfaces that possessed freestanding pillar arrays, to imprint pores. The obtained surfaces were characterized by microscopic and spectroscopic methods. The initial PAAO surfaces prepared by double mild anodization possessed pores of about 50 nm diameter and 100 nm depth, whereas those prepared after development of the double hard/mild anodization method were bigger, of about 125 nm diameter and several hundred nanometers deep. The intermediate mould structure possessed freestanding arrays, but instabilities (lateral adhesion) were noted for certain conditions. The best pattern replication was observed for TPU. In conclusion, these novel porous polymeric surfaces could be optimized and tested for an anti-biofilm effect