Дисертації з теми "Boilers Evaluation"
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Cedervall, Arvid. "Evaluation of dry fly-ash particles causing difficult deposits for acoustic soot blowing of boilers." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad materialvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-310673.
Повний текст джерелаCarls, Fredrik. "Evaluation of machine learning methods for anomaly detection in combined heat and power plant." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-255006.
Повний текст джерелаI hopp om att öka identifieringsgraden av störningar i kraftvärmepannor och därigenom minska oplanerat underhåll konstrueras och evalueras tre maskininlärningsmodeller.Algoritmerna; k-Nearest Neighbor, One-Class Support Vector Machine, och Autoencoder har bevisad framgång inom forskning av anomalidetektion, men är relativt outforskade för industriella applikationer som denna på grund av svårigheten att samla in icke-artificiell uppmärkt data inom området.Grundversionerna av k-Nearest Neighbor och Auto-encoder presterade nästan likvärdigt. Dock var Auto-encoder-modellen lite bättre och nådde ett AUPRC-värde av 0.966 respektive 0.615 på träningsoch testperioden. Inget tillräckligt bra resultat nåddes med One-Class Support Vector Machine. Auto-encoder-modellen gjordes mer sofistikerad för att se hur mycket prestandan kunde ökas. Det visade sig att AUPRC-värdet kunde ökas till 0.987 respektive 0.801 under träningsoch testperioden. Dessutom lyckades modellen identifiera och generera ett larm vardera för alla incidenter under testperioden. Slutsatsen är att ML framgångsrikt kan användas för att identifiera störningar iett tidigare skede och därigenom potentiellt kringgå i annat fall dyra oplanerade underhåll. Emellertid finns det fortfarande mycket utrymme för förbättringar av modellen samt inom insamlingen av data.
Wang, Kui. "Wood Pellet Boiler Heating System Evaluation and Optimization." Thesis, Clarkson University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10276133.
Повний текст джерелаThe use of wood pellet boilers for residential space heating has significantly increased over the past decade. Wood pellets are a biomass-based renewable energy made by pelletizing debarked wood fiber. Compared to log wood and wood chips, wood pellets have higher energy density, relatively uniform fuel quality, easier to automate their use, and therefore, are being more widely used.
A typical wood pellet heating system has three components: the boiler (energy generation unit), the thermal energy storage (TES) tank (energy storage unit), and the building (energy consumption unit). The three components form into two loops: the boiler to TES tank loop and the TES tank to building loop.
Three modern wood pellet boilers were installed and monitored in this research. Two 25 kW boilers (PB and WPB) were installed in the end of 2014 and a 50 kW boiler (LGB) was installed in March of 2016. PB is used only for radiant floor heating and WPB is used for traditional baseboard/cast iron radiators space heating as well as providing domestic hot water (DHW) supply. LGB boiler is used for concrete slab heating. The three boiler installations provide different methods of heating and different levels of building heat demand.
This research first evaluated the performance of residential scale wood pellet boilers (25 – 50 kW) in terms of boiler operation characteristics, thermal efficiency, boiler emissions, TES tank stratification and discharge efficiency, etc. Comparisons were also made among different boilers and suggestions for improvements were made. A process dynamic simulation using VMGSim was built up based on the field monitoring data. Good agreement between the simulation and field data was found. The model was then used to size the TES tank with respect to different boiler capacities and heating demands. A system sizing algorithm was provided in the end. The results will be used to compose a guidance document for wood pellet boiler heating systems.
Pretorius, Quinton. "The evaluation of larvae of Musca Domestica (common house fly) as protein source for boiler production." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6667.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliography.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of Musca domestica (common house fly) larvae meal, as protein source, for broiler production. This was done by investigating the nutritive value of house fly larvae meal together with its total tract digestibility, potential toxicity and carcass characteristics of the broilers supplemented with house fly larvae meal. The proximate analysis of house fly larvae meal show that it contained, on a dry matter basis, a gross energy value of 20.10 MJ/kg, 60.38% crude protein, 14.08% crude fat and 10.68% ash and that the house fly pupae contained a gross energy of 20.42 MJ/kg, 76.23% crude protein, 14.39% crude fat and 7.73% ash. House fly pupae meal had the closest match of amino acid profile when compared with the ideal amino acid profile required by broilers and it has arginine relative to the lysine content closer to the ideal amino acid profile than the house fly larvae meal. The essential fatty acid, linoleic acid, was found at levels of 26.25 and 36.27% of the total fats for the house fly larvae and pupae meal respectively. House fly larvae meal supplementation did not induce gizzard erosion or showed toxicity (regarding the gastro intestinal tract, immune system and organ stress) in broilers. Results revealed that house fly pupae meal had higher total tract digestibilities for most nutrients than of the house fly larvae meal. House fly larvae meal had a crude protein total tract digestibility of 69% and that of pupae meal was 79%. Both larvae and pupae meal had high amino acid total tract digestibilities of all the amino acids analysed. The house fly larvae and pupae meal had an apparent metabolizable energy (AME) value of 14.23MJ/kg and 15.15MJ/kg respectively. The larvae meal total tract crude fat and crude fibre digestibilities were 94% and 62% respectively. The pupae meal total tract crude fat and crude fibre digestibilities were 98% and 58% respectively. House fly larvae meal supplementation in a three phase feeding system significantly increased average broiler live weights at slaughter, total feed intake, cumulative feed intake as well as average daily gain (ADG) when compared to commercial maize: soya oil cake meal diet. In direct comparison of larvae inclusion levels with fishmeal in isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diet, no significant differences were observed between a 10% house fly larvae and a 10% fish meal diets regarding performance characteristic. The 25% house fly larvae meal diet yielded significantly better average broiler live weights at slaughter, total feed intake, cumulative feed intake (from the second week until slaughter) as well as average daily gain when compared to the 25% fish meal diet in the growth phases. Carcass characteristics of the 10% larvae, 10% fishmeal and commercial diets were compared. Chicks that received either the 10% house fly larvae meal or 10% fish meal supplementation produced significantly heavier carcasses and breast muscle portions than the chicks that received the commercial maize: soya oil cake meal. No treatment differences were found regarding breast and thigh muscle colour or pH. This study showed that house fly larvae meal can be regarded as a safe protein source that can be used to replace other protein sources and that has the ability to promote broiler performance without having any detrimental effects on carcass characteristics.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie was om die effek van Musca domestica (gewone huisvlieg) larwe meel, as ‘n protein bron, in braaikuikens te evalueer. Dit was gedoen deur die nutrient waarde van huisvlieg larwe meel saam met die totale spysvertering verteerbaarheid, moontlike toksiesiteit en karkas-eienskappe van braai kuikens te evalueer. Laboratoruim analiese toon dat huisvlieg larwe meel 20.10 MJ/kg bruto energie, 60.38% ru- protein, 14.08% ru- vet en 10.68% as bevat en huisvlieg papie meel 20.42 MJ/kg bruto energie, 76.23% ru- protein, 14.39% ru- vet en 7.73% as bevat. Huisvlieg papie meel stem die meeste ooreen met die idiale amino suur profiel soos wat benodig word deur braaikuikens en dit het ‘n arginien tot lisien verhouding wat die meeste ooreenstem met die idiale amino suur profiel in vergelyking met huis vlieg larwe meel. Die essensiele vet suur, linolien suur, was geanaliseer teen vlakke van 26.25- en 36.27% van die totale vette onderskeidelik vir huisvlieg larwe- en papie meel. Huisvlieg larwe meel vervanging het nie spiermaag erosie of enige ander toksiese effekte te veroorsaak nie. Resultate het getoon dat huisvlieg papie meel, in vergelyking met larwe meel, het ‘n hoër totale spysvertering verteerbaarheid vir meeste van die nutrient. Die huisvlieg larwe meel het ‘n totale ru- protein spysvertering verteerbaarheid van 69% en die van papie meel van 79%. Beide larwe en papie meel het hoë amino suur spysvertering verteerbaarheid. Larwe meel en papie meel het skynbare metaboliseerbare energie waardes van 14.23MJ/kg en 15.15%MJ/kg onderskeidelik. Die larwe meel het ‘n ru-vet en ru- vesel spysvertering verteerbaarheid van 94% en 62% onderskeidelik, waar die papies ‘n ru-vet en ru- vesel spysvertering verteerbaarheid van onderskeidelik 98% en 58% het. Huisvlieg larwe meel vervanging in ‘n drie fase voer stelsel het getoon om die gemiddelde braaikuiken lewende gewigte by slag, totale voer iname, sowel as die gemiddelde daaglikse toename te verhoog waneer dit vergelyk word met ‘n kommersiele mielie- soya olie koek dieet. Geen mekwaardige verskille was waargeneem toe die 10% larwe meel dieet direk met die 10% vismeel diet vergelyk was rakende enige produksie einskappe gemeet nie. Die 25% larwe meel dieet het merkwaardig beter gemiddelde braaikuiken lewende gewigte by slag, totale voer iname, sowel as die gemiddelde daaglikse toename getoon wanneer vergelyk word met die 25% vismeel dieet gedurende die verskeie groei fases. Karkas eienskappe van die 10% larwe meel, 10% vismeel en die kommersiele diete was gevergelyk. Kuikens wat 10% larwe meel en 10% vismeel in die diete ontvang het, het swaarder karkasse gelewer met swaarder borsie massas wanneer vergelyk word met die kommersiele mielie- soya olie koek dieet. Geen behandelings verskille was gevind rakende die borsie- en dy spier kleure of pH nie. Die studie toon dat huisvlieg larwe meel as ‘n veillige protein bron kan beskou word, wat gebruik kan word om ander protein bronne te vervang. Huisvlieg larwe meel het ook die vermoë om braaikuiken produksie te verhoog sonder om enige negitiewe effekte rakende die karkas eienskappe te toon nie.
Li, Jinxing. "Development and evaluation of a small-scale woody and non-woody biomass boiler with low NOx and particulate emissions." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.659188.
Повний текст джерелаTran, Tony. "Soap separation efficiency at Gruvön mill : An evaluation of the process before and after a modification." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för teknik- och naturvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-7330.
Повний текст джерелаKamenský, Petr. "Návrh a porovnání otopných soustav s různými zdroji tepla pro vytápění rodinného domu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229203.
Повний текст джерелаŠenkýř, Michal. "Aspekty spolehlivosti při posuzování shody výrobků." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228227.
Повний текст джерелаRokůsek, Petr. "Úspory ve vytápění budov." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225559.
Повний текст джерелаKluzová, Ivana. "Návrh soustavy CZT a tepelných zdrojů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-378717.
Повний текст джерелаRajoo, Priven. "The application of pilot scale coal evaluation to full scale boilers." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/9743.
Повний текст джерелаHuang, Wen-Hsuan, and 黃汶軒. "Evaluation on Thermal Spraying Applications of Boiler Tubes." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27742482180152434794.
Повний текст джерела國立交通大學
工學院產業安全與防災學程
100
During the annual inspection in April 2007, one coal-fired power plant in Taiwan discovered that the thickness of the broiler’s tube wall was under the borderline. Because it was not the time yet for an overall inspection, this problem was handled by welding. Later on in July 2008, this welded waterwall tube ruptured. The section of the broken tube was examined by observing the cross-section of the broken tube, testing the rigidity, and performing a microscopic metallographic analysis. The results suggested that this matter may be stress and corrosion induced rupture, and the stress here may be the residual stress from wielding. It was suggested that some cracks were formed at the internal wall of the starting or stopping end of welding. Once these cracks received water pressure inside the tube, the residual stress from welding and corrosion factors acted together and grew bigger. At the end, cracks were formed throughout the tube wall, causing the high pressure water inside the tube to spout and create more rupture. The objective of this study is to clarify causes for tube rupture using relevant tests and analyses. High velocity oxy fuel will be used to coat the surface of the wall of broiler tubes with WC/Co. This treatment will be followed by onsite testing. Three years later, the thickness of the sprayed surface will be compared for assessing the feasibility of giving broiler tubes comprehensive welding in the future.
Wang, Ping-Chih, and 王炳智. "The Evaluation of the Material Deterioration of the Boiler Tubes." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28018481879190491562.
Повний текст джерела國立中山大學
機械與機電工程學系研究所
93
This research aims to develop a method to evaluate the deterioration of the tube material within a boiler, in order to reduce the failure of it. In this thesis, natural frequency measurement method and ultrasonic attenuation method are mainly applied, and it has reached to a conclusion that the ultrasonic attenuation method is more reliable. Traditionally, the inspectors used the ultrasonic thickness measurement machine to evaluate the thickness and track the condition of a boiler. However, besides the thickness, the inspectors could not have clear understanding of the material and situation within a boiler. To improve the inspection effectiveness, the researcher measures the natural frequencies of the tube material in the new and old boilers by using natural frequency measurement. They found that the used tube material has been altered due to the difference between the natural frequencies. The ultrasonic attenuation conditions of the tubes are also evaluated in this thesis. The echoes of the ultrasound propagating through the thickness of the tube can be analyzed by relative comparison and absolute comparison, respectively. The relative comparison compares the echoes of the multiple back reflections of the ultrasound between the tubes of old and new boilers. In addition, the absolute comparison analyzes the amplitude of the echoes of the ultrasonic multiple back reflection to calculate the ultrasonic attenuation of the tube. Besides the two major techniques, the material analysis, metallurgical analysis, internally scale analysis and mechanical property evaluation are also applied in this thesis to help developing a method to evaluate the deterioration of the tube material within a boiler. This research demonstrates that the ultrasonic attenuation measuring methods can offer reliable results to evaluate the quality of the boiler.
Chang, Yin-Fei, and 張吟妃. "Cost-benefit Assessment and Pollutant Reduction Evaluation on the Installation of Particulate Pollutant Control Equipment and Conversion to Natural Gas Boiler for Small-scale Heavy Oil Boiler." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04181901696466929476.
Повний текст джерела國立中興大學
環境工程學系所
104
Recently, the Environmental Protection Administration of Taiwan has strengthened the regulation on air pollution emissions of stationary source, 100 mg/Nm3, to improve environmental quality. Under the current strengthened emission regulation, industries which employ heavy oil boiler will have biggest impact since most of these factories do not install any air pollution prevention and control equipment. In this study, four heavy oil boilers in different factories with installment of particulate pollutants collector including cyclone separator, scrubber and bag filter, and additional three heavy oil boilers being converted to natural gas boiler were selected for cost-benefit analysis, assessment of pollution reduction and difference on air pollution charges. Furthermore, in the case of Nantou county, the benefit of reduction as the heavy oil boilers being substituted for natural gas boilers was studied as well. Results indicate that the small-scale heavy oil boiler with cyclone separator, scrubber and bag filter or natural gas boiler are all possible control technology for particulate pollutant control. Among these, bag filter and natural gas boiler were confirmed to be the best available control technology. Without considering the fuel cost, heavy oil boiler installed with cyclone separator will produce highest operational cost and the lowest operational cost is from cyclone separator and bag filter installed in series. However, when fuel cost was considered, the natural gas boiler has the highest cost for dealing with particulate removal per kilogram. In the case of Nantou county, if all the heavy oil boilers are being substituted by natural gas boilers, particulate pollutant contributed by manufacturing industry could reduce about 4%, the emission of SOx could reduce about 57.8%, NOx could reduce about 35.7%, VOCs could reduce about 0.1%. Although the replacement of natural gas boilers could potentially increase the fuel cost, it (1) does not have secondary pollution, (2) could fit under BACT, (3) has noticeable pollutant reduction, (4) has less impact from strengthened regulation, also (5) could lower air pollution control fee. In conclusion, natural gas boiler should have the highest installment priority in related factory.
Gomez, Adrian. "Identification and evaluation of internal leakages of a BFB Boiler integrated within a pulp and paper mill." Thesis, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-27110.
Повний текст джерелаYeh, Chung-Yi, and 葉忠益. "A Study of HAZOP and Hazard Tree Analysis with Application to the Steam Boiler Mill and Benefits Evaluation." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21153697836503003093.
Повний текст джерела嘉南藥理科技大學
產業安全衛生與防災研究所
98
The steam generated from steam boiler is the main source of power to support petrochemical plants operations. Even equipped with automated control system and set multiple safeties interlocks to the boiler, unfortunately, boiler accidents still occur frequently. The main reasons are that specified equipment maintenance schedules and procedures are not followed properly. In addition, the operator errors are also known to contribute to the accidents. There are three main area in the stream boiler plant: (1) boiler area (contains: heavy oil area, feeding water area, the reagent area), (2) denitrification and (3) desulfurization. The current technique of Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) uses the information that deviated from the designed process steps to analyze the causes of specific sections of the process (or nodes). However, if the factors such as probability, severity, and the risk level resulting from the process deviations are introduced and analyzed at the process design stage, then we can either prevent the occurrences of accident, minimize occurrences of accidents, better understand hazard scenario at the time of the accident, or implement some design strategies to handle accidents effectively when they happen. Hazard Tree Analysis (HTA) treats the whole process as a system, such as boiler, as a node, the analyzed results strongly reflect the hazards of the system and provide better recommendations for correction, preventive measures to prevent accidents from occurring. In this thesis, we selected a boiler plant of an unnamed company as our object. By using the techniques of HAZOP and HTA we intend to find the potential risks of the boiler and to compare the accuracy of these two techniques on the assessment of the risks. We also try to incorporate the effect of the severity to the HTA to demonstrate the root causes of the accidents and the corresponding degree of severity of the accidents. We first drew the hazard tree diagram and list all possible deviations from the designed process, the effects of these deviations to the occurrences of the accidents, the associating correction actions, the root causes and the corresponding prevention actions. We then systematically applied the HAZOP analysis technique to evaluate the nature of the process deviations of the boiler and the control strategies. From the results of the analysis, we find that both techniques give similar conclusions. By incorporating the severity of accidents into HTA, we found some characteristics as follow: (1) the entire process, instead of its individual sections of the process, is considered when the risk analysis is conducted, (2) the degree of the accident occurrence can be categorized by different colors representing the degree of severity, (3) we can clearly picture the severity and the actions to prevent the accidents to happen, such as to control the deviation of process to happen or to the occurrence to happen by improving the process at design stage or after process had been implemented.
Hsieh, Dong Lung, and 謝東隆. "Economy Evaluation of Refuse Derived Fuel Used in Co-generation with Fluidized Bed Boiler - A Case Study in X Paper Company." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25088757556903091552.
Повний текст джерела