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Статті в журналах з теми "Bog Nature Trail (Mass.)"
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Keskin, Kemal, and Abdurrahman Karamancioglu. "Energy-Efficient Train Operation Using Nature-Inspired Algorithms." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6173795.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A train operation optimization by minimizing its traction energy subject to various constraints is carried out using nature-inspired evolutionary algorithms. The optimization process results in switching points that initiate cruising and coasting phases of the driving. Due to nonlinear optimization formulation of the problem, nature-inspired evolutionary search methods, Genetic Simulated Annealing, Firefly, and Big Bang-Big Crunch algorithms were employed in this study. As a case study a real-like train and test track from a part of Eskisehir light rail network were modeled. Speed limitations, various track alignments, maximum allowable trip time, and changes in train mass were considered, and punctuality was put into objective function as a penalty factor. Results have shown that all three evolutionary methods generated effective and consistent solutions. However, it has also been shown that each one has different accuracy and convergence characteristics.
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Mendes, Cândida, and Eduardo Dias. "Characterisation of Sanguinhal Mire, Terceira Island (Azores): a protected quaking bog habitat." Acta Botanica Brasilica 23, no. 3 (September 2009): 812–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062009000300022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Azores archipelago in the North Atlantic is an important area for biodiversity because it is rich in rare species and habitats, and almost undisturbed. Sanguinhal mire was originally a lake that evolved through paludification into a peat habitat. It is located inside Nature 2000 (European Union for Protection of Nature and Biodiversity, Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora, Habitat Directive Annex I(b) habitat 7140) area of Santa Bárbara and Pico Alto Mountains on the island of Terceira, and it is a good example of a basin peatland type that was first discovered in 1998. This paper provides baseline information on its flora, vegetation communities, structure, surface hydrology and chemistry. Forty-one plant species including six Sphagnum species and ten endemic vascular plants have been recorded, and eight plant communities are distinguished. The maximum peat depth is 2.5 m. The mire receives flowing water from its margins, in addition to intercepted precipitation and fog. After precipitation, water drains through several placic rupture points. Both pH and water conductivity were measured, with some ecological tendencies observed. The conservation status of the mire is good, but it is subject to increasing pressure from cattle pasture and a walking trail that constrains natural surface water movement.
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Ilyasov, Danil V., Anastasia V. Meshcheryakova, Mikhail V. Glagolev, Iuliia V. Kupriianova, Alexandr A. Kaverin, Alexandr F. Sabrekov, Mikhail F. Kulyabin, and Elena D. Lapshina. "Field-Layer Vegetation and Water Table Level as a Proxy of CO2 Exchange in the West Siberian Boreal Bog." Land 12, no. 3 (February 26, 2023): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12030566.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Mukhrino field station has participated in the national project on the inventory of carbon fluxes and pools in the terrestrial ecosystems of Russia since 2022. The development of a network of measurements of CO2 fluxes and phytomass covered six types of bog ecosystems typical to Western Siberia. The gross ecosystem exchange (GEE) of the field-layer vegetation (medians for the period from the end of May to the end of July, mgC m−2 h−1; see errors in Results section) decreased in series: Sphagnum bog with sparse low pine trees (“Open bog”), ridges in ridge-hollow patterned bogs (“Ridge”), pine-dwarf shrub-Sphagnum bog (“Tall ryam”), hollows in patterned bogs (“S.hollow”, “E.hollow”) and pine-dwarf shrub-Sphagnum bog (“Ryam”): −220, −200, −125, −120, −109 and −86, respectively. Ecosystem respiration (Reco) here was 106, 106, 182, 55, 97 and 136. The aboveground and belowground phytomass of mosses in this series varied between 368 ± 106–472 ± 184 and 2484 ± 517–6041 ± 2079 g/m2, respectively: the aboveground phytomass of vascular plants and plant litter—15 ± 7–128 ± 95 and 10 ± 6–128 ± 43, respectively. According to the results of mathematical modeling, the best proxy for GEE, in addition to photosynthetically active radiation and soil surface temperature, was the aboveground phytomass of vascular plants (PhV), and for Reco—PhV and the mass of the plant litter of vascular plants.
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Pensa, Margus, and Arne Sellin. "Needle longevity of Scots pine in relation to foliar nitrogen content, specific leaf area, and shoot growth in different forest types." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 1225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x02-044.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the study was to examine whether the variation in needle longevity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is of a community-specific nature. Altogether 300 trees were examined in Vaccinium, dry heath, and pine bog forests in Estonia. Mean number of needle age-classes was 4.1 for all forest types, while mean survivorship of needles averaged 70% in Vaccinium forests and 80% in the others (p < 0.01). Mean mass-based nitrogen content (Nm) of the needles was the highest in Vaccinium forests (11.8 mg·g1, p < 0.05) and lower in dry heath (10.4 mg·g1) and pine bog (9.8 mg·g1) forests. Specific leaf area (SLA) did not differ between Vaccinium (6.3 mm2·mg1) and dry heath (6.0 mm2·mg1) forests but was lower in pine bog forests (5.5 mm2·mg1, p < 0.05). Shoot length increment was the smallest in pine bog forests (45.1 mm·year1, p < 0.05) and did not differ between Vaccinium (92.2 mm·year1) and dry heath (95.2 mm·year1) forests. Our findings confirm that the small-scale variation in needle longevity of Scots pine has a community-specific pattern and is in accordance with the trends in Nm and SLA.
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Jaffe, Klaus, Solange Issa, and Cristina Sainz-Borgo. "Chemical Recruitment for Foraging in Ants (Formicidae) and Termites (Isoptera): A Revealing Comparison." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/694910.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
All termites secrete trail pheromones from their sternal gland, whereas ants use a variety of glands for this purpose. This and the diversity of chemical compounds that serve as trail pheromones among ants, and the uniformity of chemicals among termite trails, suggest a different evolutionary historical dynamics for the development of chemical mass recruitment in both taxa. Termites in addition show pheromonal parsimony. This suggest a single evolutionary origin of pheromone trails in Isoptera, whereas chemical mass recruitment among Formicidae seems to have evolved many times and in different ways. Despite these very different evolutionary histories, both taxa evolved chemical recruitment systems involving attractants and orientation signals, and at least two divergent decision making system for recruitment. This evolutionary analogy suggests that chemical mass recruitment is constraint by fundamental physical dynamic laws. Artificial intelligence including “mass intelligence” and “ant intelligence”, emulates mass recruitment in interacting virtual agents in search of optimal solutions. This approach, however, has copied only the “Democratic” recruitment dynamics with a single compound pheromone. Ant and termite evolution shows more sophisticated recruitment dynamics which, if understood properly, will improve our understanding of nature and applications of artificial “swarm intelligence”.
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Bimler, David, and John Kirkland. "Constructing Personality Maps, Mapping Personality Constructs: Multidimensional Scaling Recovers the Big Five Factors from Internal and External Structure." Spanish Journal of Psychology 10, no. 1 (May 2007): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600006326.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This report examines the structure of similarities underlying the lexicon of personality-trait description, when “similarity” is defined and measured in terms of (a) semantic judgment and (b) covariance in actual use. A lexicon of 60 trait adjectives was examined, using several procedures for collecting semantic judgments. Similarity data of both kinds were analyzed with multidimensional scaling (MDS) to provide a parsimonious representation of underlying structure. The convergence between semantic judgments and covariance within trait-attribution data was substantial; both kinds of data evinced the same structure when collected for subsets of adjectives. Canonical correlation was employed to find the number of dimensions shared across MDS solutions. Interpretation of the results was facilitated by individual-differences MDS, which can select an optimal set of underlying dimensions, and at the same time accommodate the differences between data sets that arise when data-collection procedures differ in the relative emphasis they place upon those dimensions. We interpret the small number and shared nature of the dimensions by arguing that the lexicon's structure relates to trait perception rather than personality structure per se, even when probed with trait-attribution covariance.
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Wen, Xiao-Lan, Ping Wen, Cecilia A. L. Dahlsjö, David Sillam-Dussès, and Jan Šobotník. "Breaking the cipher: ant eavesdropping on the variational trail pheromone of its termite prey." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1853 (April 26, 2017): 20170121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0121.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Predators may eavesdrop on their prey using innate signals of varying nature. In regards to social prey, most of the prey signals are derived from social communication and may therefore be highly complex. The most efficient predators select signals that provide the highest benefits. Here, we showed the use of eusocial prey signals by the termite-raiding ant Odontoponera transversa . O. transversa selected the trail pheromone of termites as kairomone in several species of fungus-growing termites (Termitidae: Macrotermitinae: Odontotermes yunnanensis , Macrotermes yunnanensis , Ancistrotermes dimorphus ). The most commonly predated termite, O. yunnanensis, was able to regulate the trail pheromone component ratios during its foraging activity. The ratio of the two trail pheromone compounds was correlated with the number of termites in the foraging party. (3 Z )-Dodec-3-en-1-ol (DOE) was the dominant trail pheromone component in the initial foraging stages when fewer termites were present. Once a trail was established, (3 Z,6Z )-dodeca-3,6-dien-1-ol (DDE) became the major recruitment component in the trail pheromone and enabled mass recruitment of nest-mates to the food source. Although the ants could perceive both components, they revealed stronger behavioural responses to the recruitment component, DDE, than to the common major component, DOE. In other words, the ants use the trail pheromone information as an indication of suitable prey abundance, and regulate their behavioural responses based on the changing trail pheromone component. The eavesdropping behaviour in ants therefore leads to an arms race between predator and prey where the species specific production of trail pheromones in termites is targeted by predatory ant species.
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Bilgin, Adem, and Günay Erpul. "Redefining Water Treatment: Identification of WWTPs as an Earth System Problem and Circular Economic Eco-Bog System to Challenge It." European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences 2, no. 3 (June 5, 2021): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejgeo.2021.2.3.141.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) on the planet, daily processing billions of tons of wastewater and producing masses of sludge accordingly, act like artificial biogeochemical cycles themselves by producing material flow and creating microbial life cycles that normally do not exist in nature, a case with unknown cumulative long-term effects on the planet and human organisms. This study identifies WWTPs as a general Earth system problem with sub-problems to be challenged by new engineering techniques with an integrated natural science perspective. In order to challenge these problems, first the overall ecological role of WWTPs is clarified. Second a literature review (a) on the contents of the end products of wastewater engineering (b) on the effects of utilization of sewage sludge as fertilizer (c) on the utilization of sewage sludge as cement and construction material is provided. Current legal and practical situation in Turkey and EU is very briefly compared. Then, the design of the circular economic eco-bog system, which is a conceptual model of a new technology both to challenge these problems as much as possible and to act as an integrated industrial production system, is introduced. The new system is based on an innovative algaculture and ecomimicry of the evolution of wetland ecosystems from lake to terrestrial ecosystems. Algaculture and artificial bog components of the system use desulphurised fuel gases from both biogas component of the system and also concrete production component of the system. Desulphurization is to avoid H2S production in eco-bog unlike the natural bog ecosystems, and produce sulphurous fertilizers, and produce bog ecosystem services. Since, the fuel gas utilization from the biogas produced by archaebacteria is already net carbon zero, all system makes negative emission, namely sequestration. The CO2 to be released is fixed as biocarbon in algae in agriculture component, and then as organic and inorganic carbon after the sedimentation during accelerated evolution of eco-bog by creating hypoxia, acidification, and eutrophication conditions in artificial lake ecosystem. This sedimentation is mixed with sewage sludge ash for production of cement to have a higher quality concrete. Microbial biofertilizer and organic fertilizers are also produced from the algaculture component of the system, and industrial lichen from bog ecosystem. The system is inspired from lake death mechanisms of the nature, rather than lake health mechanisms in order to capture carbon and nitrogen in lithosphere and biosphere rather than releasing them to atmosphere as fuel gases, imitating natural bogs which are important carbon reservoirs. Finally, a new theorization of the issue is postulated as a way forward to reach SDGs, circular economy and bioeconomy targets of EU Green Deal as well as targets of RIO Conventions and Paris Agreement, not based on water quality arguments but based on mass and energy arguments, as well as arguments for ecologic health and preventive medical treatment for public health, and arguments for integrated industrial production in a holistic manner.
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Datta, Debajit, and Suranjana Banerji. "Local Tourism Initiative in an Eastern Himalayan Village: Sustainable Ecotourism or Small-scale Nature Exploitation?" Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 27, no. 27 (March 1, 2015): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bog-2015-0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Many famous tourism destinations of the eastern Himalayas have become severely polluted and environmentally vulnerable due to decades of unsustainable mass tourism practices. The recent popularization of the so called 'ecotourism destinations' as alternatives to these degraded sites have raised considerable debate among academia, planners and decision makers regarding community based development and environmental conservation. In this study, the newly initiated tourism ventures of a mountainous village named Silerigaon located in this region were evaluated as a case study through participatory appraisals among tourists and local residents to comprehend whether these ventures could truly be termed as ecotourism initiatives. Results derived from the analyses of the primary data collected through these appraisals showed that although the area possessed pristine natural environment and excellent scenic beauty, lack of proper civic amenities and physical infrastructure was hindering the development of sustainable tourism. Here, tourism activities had notably contributed to the increase in annual savings of community members but these financial gains had not equally transcended to all spheres of sustainable community based development. Till now, the activities have lacked the systematic long-term planning required for sustainable ecotourism and nature conservation. Accordingly, these could not be designated as ecotourism activities in their present orientation and capacity. In this regard, several necessary corrective measures to transform these activities into proper ecotourism ones have been suggested.
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Zubanova, Lyudmila B. "ESOTERIC AND MEDIA PLUME OF THE MEMORIAL LANDSCAPE: THEORETICAL ASPECTS AND ARCHITECTURAL CONTOURS OF THE FIELD STUDY." Sign problematic field in mediaeducation 50, no. 4 (December 21, 2023): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/2070-0695-2023-50-4-79-84.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article deals with the phenomenon of popular esotericism – the creation and active promotion (including the use of media resources) of commercially-oriented goods and services. The information is given on the basis of research expeditions to the Arkaim memorial complex, which attracts tourists and pilgrims with a special mystical “trail”, fixed in the public space. On the basis of a comprehensive study (mass survey, interviews with visitors, observation of ritual esoteric rites and practices, analysis of thematic esoteric products for sale in the space of the memorial landscape) – characteristic features of popular esotericism, features of promotion among modern audience, motives for people to turn to this kind of commercial offer are summarized. Special attention is paid to the media support of the topic: demand for media information, key sources, regularity and intensity of contacts, information stimuli and reactions in the form of “feedback”. Based on the results of the conducted surveys, the conclusion is made about the limited nature of media infl uence in the formation and evaluation of the image of Arkaim.
Частини книг з теми "Bog Nature Trail (Mass.)"
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Baltzinger, Christophe, Ushma Shukla, Lindelwa S. Msweli, and Colleen T. Downs. "Ungulates as dispersal vectors of non-native plants." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 105–37. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Ungulates are present worldwide with 257 recorded species, including livestock. They cover different functional gradients, be it feeding regime, digestive strategy, body size, body mass, fur characteristics or sociality. All these specificities may intervene at different stages of animal-mediated plant dispersal. Ungulates move diaspores from both native and non-native plants, through endo- and epizoochory. Initially introduced by humans, non-native plants bearing specific traits can be carried over long distances and to new environments by ungulates. These vectors can further free local resources necessary for the germination and the subsequent growth of the released diaspores. We first looked at trait-based plant community changes at different timescales in the presence of different native ungulates. We then reviewed the literature on endozoochory, regurgitation and fur-epizoochory assisted by ungulates, focusing on the dispersal of non-native plants. We made an overall assessment of ungulate-mediated non-native plant dispersal by biogeographical zone and dispersal mode, and then provided additional information on plant growth form and taxonomy, vectors and associated modes of dispersal. Results are presented for four main ungulate families: Cervidae, Bovidae, Suidae and Equidae. For each family, we highlight our findings either by ungulate if sufficiently represented (e.g. Odocoileus virginianus, Bison bison, Bos taurus) or by group of species. According to their feeding regime, grazers dispersed solely forbs and graminoids whereas omnivores also dispersed plants from other growth forms (i.e. cactus, vine, shrub and tree). Numerous non-native plants are dispersed by ungulates around the world, but this is probably the visible part of the iceberg, as only 32 ungulates (i.e. 12%) have been studied as vectors so far, suggesting their overall contribution is certainly underrated.
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Wu, Finch C. T., Oscar N. J. Hong, Amy J. C. Trappey, and Charles V. Trappey. "VR-Enabled Chatbot System Supporting Transformer Mass-Customization Services." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde200088.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chatbot is a conversational question answering (Q&A) system capable of natural language communication between a computer system and a person. The use of chatbots for 24-hour customer service provides quick responses that solve problems online. This approach is quickly becoming a convenient way for companies to enhance their customer services without location or knowledgeable staff limitations. This research proposes a system framework and develops a prototype virtual reality (VR) enabled transformer mass-customization consultation chatbot. The chatbot technique is a retrieval-based intelligent system. First, thousands of transformer specific frequently asked questions (FAQs) are collected as a Q&A dataset for technical supports retrieval. More than 1.2 million engineering Wikipedia pages and engineering technical papers are used to train a word embedding model used for natural language processing and question-answer retrieval. The chatbot is integrated into a virtual reality (VR) immersive user interface (UI) environment enabling users to make transformer design changes while querying the system about specifications and standards while interacting with 3D models from the company’s knowledge base archive. The system provides two unique UIs for personal computer (PC) and a helmet-based immersive interface. The system supports real-time consultation of mass-customized transformers and their bills of materials (BOM) for design review, analysis and cost estimation.
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Baltzinger, Christophe, Ushma Shukla, Lindelwa S. Msweli, and Colleen T. Downs. "Ungulates as dispersal vectors of non-native plants." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 105–37. CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ungulates are present worldwide with 257 recorded species, including livestock. They cover different functional gradients, be it feeding regime, digestive strategy, body size, body mass, fur characteristics or sociality. All these specificities may intervene at different stages of animal-mediated plant dispersal. Ungulates move diaspores from both native and non-native plants, through endo- and epizoochory. Initially introduced by humans, non-native plants bearing specific traits can be carried over long distances and to new environments by ungulates. These vectors can further free local resources necessary for the germination and the subsequent growth of the released diaspores. We first looked at trait-based plant community changes at different timescales in the presence of different native ungulates. We then reviewed the literature on endozoochory, regurgitation and fur-epizoochory assisted by ungulates, focusing on the dispersal of non-native plants. We made an overall assessment of ungulate-mediated non-native plant dispersal by biogeographical zone and dispersal mode, and then provided additional information on plant growth form and taxonomy, vectors and associated modes of dispersal. Results are presented for four main ungulate families: Cervidae, Bovidae, Suidae and Equidae. For each family, we highlight our findings either by ungulate if sufficiently represented (e.g. <i>Odocoileus virginianus, Bison bison, Bos taurus</i>) or by group of species. According to their feeding regime, grazers dispersed solely forbs and graminoids whereas omnivores also dispersed plants from other growth forms (i.e. cactus, vine, shrub and tree). Numerous non-native plants are dispersed by ungulates around the world, but this is probably the visible part of the iceberg, as only 32 ungulates (i.e. 12%) have been studied as vectors so far, suggesting their overall contribution is certainly underrated.