Готові списки джерел за темами / Body core temperature

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Body core temperature"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Body core temperature"

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Heikens, Marc J., Alexander M. Gorbach, Henry S. Eden, David M. Savastano, Kong Y. Chen, Monica C. Skarulis, and Jack A. Yanovski. "Core body temperature in obesity." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 93, no. 5 (March 2, 2011): 963–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.110.006270.

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2

Kurosaka, Chie, Takashi Maruyama, Shimpei Yamada, Yuriko Hachiya, Yoichi Ueta, and Toshiaki Higashi. "Estimating core body temperature using electrocardiogram signals." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 28, 2022): e0270626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270626.

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Suppressing the elevation in core body temperature is an important factor in preventing heatstroke. However, there is still no non-invasive method to sense core body temperature. This study proposed an algorithm that estimates core body temperature based on electrocardiogram signals. A total of 12 healthy men (mean age ± SD = 39.6 ± 13.4) performed an ergometric exercise load test under two conditions of exercise load in an environmental chamber adjusted to a temperature of 35°C and humidity of 50%. Vital sensing data such as electrocardiograms, core body temperatures, and body surface temperatures were continuously measured, and physical data such as body weight were obtained from participants pre- and post-experiment. According to basic physiological knowledge, heart rate and body temperature are closely related. We analyzed the relationship between core body temperature and several indexes obtained from electrocardiograms and found that the amount of change in core body temperature had a strong relationship with analyzed data from electrocardiograms. Based on these findings, we developed the amount of change in core body temperature estimation model using multiple regression analysis including the Poincaré plot index of the ECG R-R interval. The estimation model showed an average estimation error of -0.007°C (average error rate = -0.02%) and an error range of 0.457–0.445°C. It is suggested that continuous core body temperature change can be estimated using electrocardiogram signals regardless of individual characteristics such as age and physique. Based on this applicable estimation model, we plan to enhance estimation accuracy and further verify efficacy by considering clothing and environmental conditions.
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Green, Angela R., Richard S. Gates, and Laurie M. Lawrence. "Measurement of horse core body temperature." Journal of Thermal Biology 30, no. 5 (July 2005): 370–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2005.03.003.

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Lenhardt, Rainer, and Daniel I. Sessler. "Estimation of Mean Body Temperature from Mean Skin and Core Temperature." Anesthesiology 105, no. 6 (December 1, 2006): 1117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200612000-00011.

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Background Mean body temperature (MBT) is the mass-weighted average temperature of body tissues. Core temperature is easy to measure, but direct measurement of peripheral tissue temperature is painful and risky and requires complex calculations. Alternatively MBT can be estimated from core and mean skin temperatures with a formula proposed by Burton in 1935: MBT = 0.64 x TCore + 0.36 x TSkin. This formula remains widely used, but has not been validated in the perioperative period and seems unlikely to remain accurate in dynamic perioperative conditions such as cardiopulmonary bypass. Therefore, the authors tested the hypothesis that MBT, as estimated with Burton's formula, poorly estimates measured MBT at a temperature range between 18 degrees and 36.5 degrees C. Methods The authors reevaluated four of their previously published studies in which core and mass-weighted mean peripheral tissue temperatures were measured in patients undergoing substantial thermal perturbations. Peripheral compartment temperatures were estimated using fourth-order regression and integration over volume from 18 intramuscular needle thermocouples, 9 skin temperatures, and "deep" hand and foot temperature. MBT was determined from mass-weighted average of core and peripheral tissue temperatures and estimated from core temperature and mean skin temperature (15 area-weighted sites) using Burton's formula. Results Nine hundred thirteen data pairs from 44 study subjects were included in the analysis. Measured MBT ranged from 18 degrees to 36.5 degrees C. There was a remarkably good relation between measured and estimated MBT: MBTmeasured = 0.94 x MBTestimated + 2.15, r = 0.98. Differences between the estimated and measured values averaged -0.09 degrees +/- 0.42 degrees C. Conclusions The authors concluded that estimation of MBT from mean skin and core temperatures is generally accurate and precise.
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Salerian, Alen J., and Nansen G. Saleri. "Cooling Core Body Temperature May Slow Down Neurodegeneration." CNS Spectrums 13, no. 3 (March 2008): 227–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900028479.

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ABSTRACTReduction of core body temperature has been proposed to contribute to the increased lifespan and the anti-aging effects conferred by caloric restriction in mice and higher primates. Cooler biologically compatible core body temperatures have also been hypothesized to combat neurodegenerative disorders. Yet, validation of these hypotheses has been difficult until recently, when it demonstrated that transgenic mice engineered to have chronic low core body temperature have longer lifespan independent of alteration in diet or caloric restriction. This article reviews the literature and highlights the potential influence of core body temperature's governing role on aging and in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders in humans. What makes recent findings more significant for humans is the existence of several methods to lower and maintain low core body temperatures in human subjects. The therapeutic potential of “cooler people” may also raise the possibility that this could reverse the adverse-health consequences of elevations in core body temperature.
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Chen, Anming, Jia Zhu, Qunxiong Lin, and Weiqiang Liu. "A Comparative Study of Forehead Temperature and Core Body Temperature under Varying Ambient Temperature Conditions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 29, 2022): 15883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315883.

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When the ambient temperature, in which a person is situated, fluctuates, the body’s surface temperature will alter proportionally. However, the body’s core temperature will remain relatively steady. Consequently, using body surface temperature to characterize the core body temperature of the human body in varied situations is still highly inaccurate. This research aims to investigate and establish the link between human body surface temperature and core body temperature in a variety of ambient conditions, as well as the associated conversion curves. Methods: Plan an experiment to measure temperature over a thousand times in order to get the corresponding data for human forehead, axillary, and oral temperatures at varying ambient temperatures (14–32 °C). Utilize the axillary and oral temperatures as the core body temperature standards or the control group to investigate the new approach’s accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for detecting fever/non-fever conditions and the forehead temperature as the experimental group. Analyze the statistical connection, data correlation, and agreement between the forehead temperature and the core body temperature. Results: A total of 1080 tests measuring body temperature were conducted on healthy adults. The average axillary temperature was (36.7 ± 0.41) °C, the average oral temperature was (36.7 ± 0.33) °C, and the average forehead temperature was (36.2 ± 0.30) °C as a result of the shift in ambient temperature. The forehead temperature was 0.5 °C lower than the average of the axillary and oral temperatures. The Pearson correlation coefficient between axillary and oral temperatures was 0.41 (95% CI, 0.28–0.52), between axillary and forehead temperatures was 0.07 (95% CI, −0.07–0.22), and between oral and forehead temperatures was 0.26 (95% CI, 0.11–0.39). The mean differences between the axillary temperature and the oral temperature, the oral temperature and the forehead temperature, and the axillary temperature and the forehead temperature were −0.08 °C, 0.49 °C, and 0.42 °C, respectively, according to a Bland-Altman analysis. Finally, the regression analysis revealed that there was a linear association between the axillary temperature and the forehead temperature, as well as the oral temperature and the forehead temperature due to the change in ambient temperature. Conclusion: The changes in ambient temperature have a substantial impact on the temperature of the forehead. There are significant differences between the forehead and axillary temperatures, as well as the forehead and oral temperatures, when the ambient temperature is low. As the ambient temperature rises, the forehead temperature tends to progressively converge with the axillary and oral temperatures. In clinical or daily applications, it is not advised to utilize the forehead temperature derived from an uncorrected infrared thermometer as the foundation for a body temperature screening in public venues such as hospital outpatient clinics, shopping malls, airports, and train stations.
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Srirangapatanam, Sudarshan, Scott Wiener, and Marshall L. Stoller. "Role of core body temperature in nephrolithiasis." BJU International 126, no. 5 (August 26, 2020): 620–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bju.15185.

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Kumar, Neeraj, Prakash K. Dubey, Amarjeet Kumar, and Veena Singh. "Core body temperature monitoring using Baska airway." Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care 25 (April 2019): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tacc.2019.01.003.

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Thompson, Daniel P., Perry S. Barboza, John A. Crouse, Thomas J. McDonough, Oriana H. Badajos, and Andrew M. Herberg. "Body temperature patterns vary with day, season, and body condition of moose (Alces alces)." Journal of Mammalogy 100, no. 5 (July 26, 2019): 1466–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyz119.

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Abstract Variation in core body temperature of mammals is a result of endogenous regulation of heat from metabolism and the environment, which is affected by body size and life history. We studied moose (Alces alces) in Alaska to examine the effects of endogenous and exogenous factors on core body temperature at seasonal and daily time scales. We used a modified vaginal implant transmitter to record core body temperature in adult female moose at 5-min intervals for up to 1 year. Core body temperature in moose showed a seasonal fluctuation, with a greater daily mean core body temperature during the summer (38.2°C, 95% CI = 38.1–38.3°C) than during the winter (37.7°C, 95% CI = 37.6–37.8°C). Daily change in core body temperature was greater in summer (0.92°C, 95% CI = 0.87–0.97°C) than in winter (0.58°C, 95% CI = 0.53–0.63°C). During winter, core body temperature was lower and more variable as body fat decreased among female moose. Ambient temperature and vapor pressure accounted for a large amount of the residual variation (0.06–0.09°C) in core body temperature after accounting for variation attributed to season and individual. Ambient temperature and solar radiation had the greatest effect on the residual variation (0.17–0.20°C) of daily change in core body temperature. Our study suggests that body temperature of adult female moose is influenced by body reserves within seasons and by environmental conditions within days. When studying northern cervids, the influence of season and body condition on daily patterns of body temperature should be considered when evaluating thermal stress.
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Słomko, Joanna, Mariusz Kozakiewicz, Jacek J. Klawe, Małgorzata Tafil-Klawe, Piotr Siermontowsk, and Paweł Zalewski. "Circadian Rhythm of Core Body Temperature (Part II): Hyperbaric Environment Influence on Circadian Rhythm of Core Body Temperature." Polish Hyperbaric Research 57, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phr-2016-0022.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to analyse dynamic fluctuations in the circadian rhythm of the core body temperature in healthy adults exposed to conditions in a hyperbaric chamber, using fully objective-telemetric measurement methods. The study group consisted of 13 healthy males (age 32±6.4 years, height 1.85±0.1 m, body weight 84.00±6.3 kg; BMI 24.7±1.2 kg/m2). The core body temperature (CBT) was measured with the Vital Sense telemetry system. The volunteers were placed in a hyperbaric chamber, exposed to compression of 400 kPa, with the exposure plateau of approx. 30 minutes, followed by gradual decompression. The mean core temperature was 36.71°C when registered within 10 minutes before the exposure, 37.20°C during the exposure, 37.27°C one hour after the exposure, 37.36°C 2 hours after the exposure, and 37.42°C three hours after the exposure. The conducted observations show that one-hour stay in a hyperbaric chamber at a depth of 30 m results in an increase in the body temperature, particularly significant after the exposure ends, and maintained for at least 3 hours after the exposure.
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Дисертації з теми "Body core temperature"

1

Fletcher, Adam C. L. "Increasing core body temperature disrupts sleep /." Title page and summary only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbf612.pdf.

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2

SHAHROOZ, MINA. "Re-inventing Core Body Temperature Measurement." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209832.

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Humans are considered an integral part of future energy systems. In this context, constant awareness of human body status is critical for building responsive and intelligent environment that take energy efficiency and human comfort to the highest limits. Core body temperature is one of human body vital signs for body’s proper functioning and comfortability. Continuous non-invasive Core Body Temperature (CBT) measurements is important for patient monitoring and health status tracking in sports, sleep studying and other clinical and care procedures. Currently, there is a lack of precise and versatile methods to capture core body temperature under varying ambient conditions and through practical wearable solutions. Meanwhile, greenTEG AG, Zurich Switzerland, has developed a batch production method enabling the production of small, sensitive and very robust heat flux sensors. The main aim of this project was to develop a commercial product which for the first time measured core body temperature by placement inside a light, affordable wearable hold. This report presents a comprehensive review on heat transfer in human body and thermoregulation concepts in the first chapter followed by the state of the art methods. Then in chapter 2, according to the project design, full description and result discussions of the numerical model of human body developed by the author, was used as a prelude to the experimental tests. The model developed for this study was a Finite Difference model of different tissue layers combined with appropriate convection and radiation heat loss formulations. Tests were conducted through rigorous considerations of real body conditions including variable core body temperature and changing environmental conditions. Numerical tests were also validated by comparing with experimental results. Numerical results provided a precise preview of experimental models’ measurements and were used in the development of experimental setups. One of unique aspects of this study was the fact that the numerical model was used along with the sensor output to capture CBT and was considered a part of final product. In chapter 3, experimental tests on both skin phantom and human trials are discussed together with the sensor design and configuration. Results show that our CBT monitoring system is capable of measuring stable core body temperature under changing environmental conditions. It could also track circadian rhythm of core temperature during sleep, which for the first time, makes it possible for non-invasive miniaturized CBT tracking systems to measure accurate core temperature. These calculations are based on novel algorithms by greenTEG that could compensate for varying environmental conditions.
Människan betraktas som en integrerad del av framtidens energisystem. I detta sammanhang är ständig medvetenhet om människokroppen status avgörande för att bygga lyhörd och intelligent miljö som tar energieffektivitet och mänsklig komfort till de högsta gränser. Kroppstemperaturen är en av människokroppen vitala för kroppens funktion och comfort. Kontinuerliga icke-invasiv kroppstemperaturen (CBT) mätningar är viktigt för patientövervakning och spårning hälsotillstånd i idrott, sömn studera och andra kliniska och vårdförfaranden. För närvarande finns det en brist på exakta och mångsidiga metoder för att fånga kroppstemperaturen under varierande omgivningsförhållanden och genom praktiska bärbara lösningar. Samtidigt greenTEG AG, Zurich Schweiz, har utvecklat ett parti produktionsmetod möjliggör produktion av små, känsliga och mycket robusta värmeflödessensorer. Huvudsyftet med projektet var att utveckla en kommersiell produkt som för första gången mätt kroppstemperaturen genom placering i en ljus, prisvärd bärbar håll. Denna rapport presenterar en omfattande översyn på värmeöverföring i människokroppen och termoregulering begrepp i det första kapitlet, följt av toppmoderna metoder. Sedan i kapitel 2, i enlighet med projektets utformning, fullständig beskrivning och resultat diskussioner om den numeriska modellen av människokroppen som utvecklats av författaren, användes som ett förspel till de experimentella testerna. Modellen utvecklades för denna studie var en ändlig skillnad modell av olika vävnadsskikt i kombination med lämpliga konvektion och strålningsvärme förlust formuleringar. Tester genomfördes genom rigorösa överväganden verkliga förhållanden kroppen, inklusive rörliga kroppstemperaturen och växlande miljöförhållanden. Numeriska tester också valideras genom att jämföra med experimentella resultat. Numeriska resultat gav en exakt förhandsvisning av experimentella modeller "mätningar och användes i utvecklingen av experimentella uppställningar. En av unika aspekterna av denna studie var det faktum att den numeriska modellen användes tillsammans med sensorns utsignal för att fånga KBT och ansågs vara en del av slutprodukten. I kapitel 3, är experimentella tester på både hud fantom och mänskliga försök diskuteras tillsammans med sensordesign och konfiguration. Resultaten visar att vårt KBT övervakningssystem är i stånd att mäta en stabil kroppstemperaturen under föränderliga miljöförhållanden. Det kan också spåra dygnsrytm av kärntemperatur under sömnen, som för första gången gör det möjligt för icke-invasiva miniatyriserade KBT tracking system för att mäta exakt kärntemperatur. Dessa beräkningar är baserade på nya algoritmer från greenTEG som kan kompensera för varierande miljöförhållanden.
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Hegen, Peter. "Continuous Measurements of Core Body Temperature using Body Sensor Networks." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-85465.

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Long-term body temperature measurements for research and diagnosis are currently done in hospitals or specialized research labs. This method has several drawbacks: the use of wired ob- trusive sensors (e.g., rectal probes to measure the core body temperature) may be uncomfortable for patients. Furthermore, situations recorded in laboratory settings do not reflect reality as patients are not subject to their normal living environment. Furthermore, it is labor-intensive to regularly check upon patients and care for their well-being. Using small wireless sensor nodes in a body sensor network to measure body functions, one can mostly offset the limitations listed above. For this work, we have developed a wireless sensor node that uses an infrared thermopile as a sensor to unobtrusively measure the core temperature at the tympanic membrane. Due to their construction, these sensors are heavily dependent on the ambient temperature in the surroundings of the sensor packaging. While this does not affect their use in single-shot measurements (e.g., using an ear thermometer), it poses a challenge for continuous measurements, as common living environments do not have constant ambient air temperatures and people frequently commute between different places. These conditions may offset measurements significantly, an important problem for medical applications that require high accuracy. In this work, we employ infrared thermopiles in a body sensor network and characterize their behaviour in various situations, especially in the presence of varying environmental conditions. Based on our observations, we describe methods for post-processing measurements in order to compensate environmental changes and hence get results reflecting reality more closely. Our evaluation shows that these methods can offset the infrared thermopile’s weakness but need further work to achieve the degree of accuracy that is needed for medical applications.
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4

Walker, Susan Michelle. "Lowering core body temperature and perceived exertion by three cooling methods." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000881.

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5

Holmes, Alexandra L. "Melatonin and zopiclone reduce sleep onset latency and core body temperature /." Title page and summary only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbh749.pdf.

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6

Guaraldi, Pietro <1979&gt. "Spinal cord injury: assessment of autonomic state-dependent control of cardiovascular system and body core temperature." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4795/1/2012_Guaraldi_Tesi_PhD.pdf.

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) results not only in paralysis; but it is also associated with a range of autonomic dysregulation that can interfere with cardiovascular, bladder, bowel, temperature, and sexual function. The entity of the autonomic dysfunction is related to the level and severity of injury to descending autonomic (sympathetic) pathways. For many years there was limited awareness of these issues and the attention given to them by the scientific and medical community was scarce. Yet, even if a new system to document the impact of SCI on autonomic function has recently been proposed, the current standard of assessment of SCI (American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) examination) evaluates motor and sensory pathways, but not severity of injury to autonomic pathways. Beside the severe impact on quality of life, autonomic dysfunction in persons with SCI is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Therefore, obtaining information regarding autonomic function in persons with SCI is pivotal and clinical examinations and laboratory evaluations to detect the presence of autonomic dysfunction and quantitate its severity are mandatory. Furthermore, previous studies demonstrated that there is an intimate relationship between the autonomic nervous system and sleep from anatomical, physiological, and neurochemical points of view. Although, even if previous epidemiological studies demonstrated that sleep problems are common in spinal cord injury (SCI), so far only limited polysomnographic (PSG) data are available. Finally, until now, circadian and state dependent autonomic regulation of blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and body core temperature (BcT) were never assessed in SCI patients. Aim of the current study was to establish the association between the autonomic control of the cardiovascular function and thermoregulation, sleep parameters and increased cardiovascular risk in SCI patients.
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Guaraldi, Pietro <1979&gt. "Spinal cord injury: assessment of autonomic state-dependent control of cardiovascular system and body core temperature." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4795/.

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Анотація:
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results not only in paralysis; but it is also associated with a range of autonomic dysregulation that can interfere with cardiovascular, bladder, bowel, temperature, and sexual function. The entity of the autonomic dysfunction is related to the level and severity of injury to descending autonomic (sympathetic) pathways. For many years there was limited awareness of these issues and the attention given to them by the scientific and medical community was scarce. Yet, even if a new system to document the impact of SCI on autonomic function has recently been proposed, the current standard of assessment of SCI (American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) examination) evaluates motor and sensory pathways, but not severity of injury to autonomic pathways. Beside the severe impact on quality of life, autonomic dysfunction in persons with SCI is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Therefore, obtaining information regarding autonomic function in persons with SCI is pivotal and clinical examinations and laboratory evaluations to detect the presence of autonomic dysfunction and quantitate its severity are mandatory. Furthermore, previous studies demonstrated that there is an intimate relationship between the autonomic nervous system and sleep from anatomical, physiological, and neurochemical points of view. Although, even if previous epidemiological studies demonstrated that sleep problems are common in spinal cord injury (SCI), so far only limited polysomnographic (PSG) data are available. Finally, until now, circadian and state dependent autonomic regulation of blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and body core temperature (BcT) were never assessed in SCI patients. Aim of the current study was to establish the association between the autonomic control of the cardiovascular function and thermoregulation, sleep parameters and increased cardiovascular risk in SCI patients.
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8

Gibson, Robert H. "The effect of elevated core temperature upon excess post exercise oxygen consumption." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/941356.

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A great deal of research has been done to assess the effects of exercise intensity and duration on excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). But the effects of an elevated core temperature (Tc) post-exercise have not been directly examined. To assess the effects of an elevated Tc on EPOC, eight healthy, active male subjects (27.5 ± 6.1 years) underwent two 45 minute exercise trials at =70% VO2max in an environmental chamber (36 °C / 10% RH) followed by a 45 minute recovery in either the environmental chamber (42 °C / 10% RH) wearing insulating clothing (HC), or in the ambient conditions of the testing lab (22 °C / 42% RH) without any additional clothing (AM). Oxygen consumption (V02), minute ventilation (VE), heart rate (HR), and rectal temperature (Tc) were recorded pre-, exercise, and post- during both trials. Subjects were monitored postexercise for 45 minutes. EPOC was determined by subtracting pre-trial V02 from the recovery V02 until the difference between the values equaled zero or until 45 minutes had elapsed. Within 25 minutes post-exercise, V02 during the AM recovery had returned to near resting levels (p = 0.146), while V02 during the HC recovery remained significantly elevated for at least 45 minutes (p = 0.027). Given that V02 remained significantly elevated through 45 minutes of recovery, and that all other measured variables (HR, VE, and respiratory exchange ratio) were significantly affected during the HC recovery, it is clear that an elevated Tc has an effect on EPOC.
School of Physical Education
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9

Kalathil, Robins T. "Assessment of Uncertainty in Core Body Temperature due to Variability in Tissue Parameters." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1479819529740889.

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10

Grewar, John Duncan. "Use of temperature sensitive microchip transponders to monitor body temperature and pyrexia in Thoroughbred foals." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/22799.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate temperature data collected from Thoroughbred foals between birth and shortly after weaning. It provides a valuable survey with epidemiological conclusions providing insight into the temperature trends and pyretic occurrences of Thoroughbred foals during this age period. Temperature data were collected using telemetry from temperature sensitive microchips implanted into newborn foals. The system of inputting and storing temperature data was completely electronic and this study evaluated this system. It was found that this system was stable and allowed the evaluation of large amounts of frequently acquired data with little human intervention. The data obtained resulted in the valuable evaluation of age associated body temperature trends within the foals as well as providing an indication of the extent and epidemiology of pyrexia within the study cohort. The system of evaluating temperatures based both on the individual day value as well as on each individual foals prior series of temperatures shows that the use of these two criteria can be utilised simultaneously. The study provides basic information which future researchers using similar systems can use to objectively set criteria for pyrexia. An outbreak of equine encephalosis also occurred during the study period and this provided much needed prospective epidemiological information for such an outbreak, something which has not previously been documented. Copyright
Dissertation (MSc (Veterinary Science))--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Production Animal Studies
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Книги з теми "Body core temperature"

1

Lee, Stuart M. C. Core temperature measurement during submaximal exercise: Esophageal, rectal and intestinal temperatures. Houston ,Tex: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2000.

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An assessment of the effectiveness of the Cool Cape on the rapid reduction of exercise-induced, elevated body core temperature. 1992.

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Falk, Bareket, and Raffy Dotan. Temperature regulation. Edited by Neil Armstrong and Willem van Mechelen. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757672.003.0014.

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Under all but the most extreme environmental heat conditions, children control their body temperature (at rest and during exercise) as well as adults. Children, however, use a different thermoregulatory strategy. Compared with adults, children rely more on dry heat dissipation and less on evaporative cooling (sweating). Their larger skin surface-area relative to mass does put children at increasing disadvantage, relative to adults, as ambient temperatures rise above skin temperature. Similarly, they become increasingly disadvantaged upon exposure to decreasing temperatures below the thermo-neutral zone. Like adults, children inadvertently dehydrate while exercising in hot conditions and are often hypohydrated, even before exercise, and their core temperature rises considerably more than adults in response to a given fluid (sweat) loss, which may put them at higher risk for heat-related injury. However, epidemiological data show rates of both heat- and cold-related injuries among children and adolescents as similar or lower than at any other age.
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Ijzerman, Hans, and Lotje J. Hogerzeil. People as Penguins. Edited by Martijn van Zomeren and John F. Dovidio. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190247577.013.15.

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This chapter examines the importance of thermoregulation for the human need to belong and for social integration more generally. It considers fundamental patterns in how thermoregulation relates to social cognition, and how—as a result—more complex social integration affects our core body temperatures. This perspective implies that humans are, in one important way, just like penguins: they need warmth and a good huddle when they are cold in order to survive. Yet temperature affects humans’ social behavior in even more complex ways. The chapter discusses some basics mechanisms of thermoregulation and provides various examples of how social thermoregulation extends to modern human behavior. It also discusses the neural organization of thermoregulation, how temperature homeostasis is maintained even via inanimate objects, and speculates about the link between relationships and the development of self-regulation. It concludes with an analysis of the implications of understanding thermoregulation as human essence.
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Wall, Emma, and Graham Cooke. Fever. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0076.

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Fever is a rise in core body temperature, which is measured at the tympanic membrane, of greater than 37.8°C and which is one standard deviation beyond the upper limit of the normal range. This chapter covers the common causes of fever, the approach to diagnosis, diagnostic tests, therapies, prognosis, and dealing with uncertainty.
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Bassi, Gabriele, and Roberto Fumagalli. Pathophysiology and management of fever. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0352.

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Core body temperature is strictly regulated by autonomic and behavioural compensatory adaptations and an increase may represent a physiological stereotypical controlled response to septic and inflammatory conditions, or an uncontrolled drop in the hypothalamic thermoregulatory threshold. Fever has been demonstrated to be a potential mechanism of intrinsic resistance against infectious disease playing a pivotal role in the human evolution. High temperature may be detrimental during oxygen delivery-dependent conditions and in a neurological population. Despite this evidence, a definitive conclusion, between the association of fever and the outcome in critically-ill patients, is still lacking. The decision-making strategy in the context of fever management in critical care must be supported by single case assessment. This chapter summarizes the main physiological mechanisms of temperature control that physicians should consider when dealing with fever or deliberate hypothermia and analyses the main evidence in the role of fever in the critically ill in order to help bedside clinical strategy.
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Bouchama, Abderrezak. Pathophysiology and management of hyperthermia. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0353.

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Hyperthermia is a state of elevated core temperature that rises rapidly above 40°C, secondary to failure of thermoregulation. Hyperthermia has many causes, but it is the hallmark of three conditions—heatstroke, malignant hyperthermia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. The clinical and metabolic alterations of hyperthermia, if left untreated, can culminate in multiple organ system failure and death. High temperature causes direct cellular death and tissue damage. The extent of tissue injury is a function of the degree and duration of hyperthermia. Heat-induced ischaemia-reperfusion injury, and exacerbated activation of inflammation and coagulation are also contributory. Hyperthermia is a true medical emergency with rapid progression to multiple organ system failure and death. The primary therapeutic goal is to reduce body temperature as quickly as possible using physical cooling methods, and if indicated, the use of pharmacological treatment to accelerate cooling. There is no evidence of the superiority of one cooling technique over another. Non-invasive techniques that are easy to use and well-tolerated are preferred. Pharmacological cooling with Dantrolene sodium is crucial in the treatment of malignant hyperthermia.
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Wise, Matt, and Paul Frost. Hypothermia. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0078.

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Hypothermia is defined by a core body temperature of <35.0°C, and may be further characterized as mild (32.0°C–34.9°C), moderate (28.0°C–31.9°C), or severe (<28.0°C). Primary hypothermia is the result of environmental exposure, while in secondary hypothermia there is an underlying medical condition which perturbs thermoregulation. Mild hypothermia (32.0°C–34.0°C) is used as a therapeutic modality in intensive care for traumatic brain injury (to lower intracranial pressure) and following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (to improve neurological outcomes). Hypothermia and even hypothermic circulatory arrest are also used during cardiac surgery and aortic root replacement surgery.
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Wise, Matt, and Paul Frost. Hyperthermia. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0077.

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An elevation in core body temperature due to thermoregulatory failure with a normal thermoregulatory set point is called hyperthermia. Globally, the most common heat illnesses are heat exhaustion and heat stroke, and these are major causes of morbidity and mortality. These illnesses represent a continuum of disease ranging from mild (heat exhaustion) to total (heat stroke) failure of thermoregulation. Heat exhaustion is characterized by sweating, muscle cramps, fatigue, vomiting, headaches, dizziness, and fainting. These symptoms may also occur in heat stroke but, in addition, neurological signs such as confusion, seizures, and coma predominate. While the diagnosis of these conditions may be straightforward, hyperthermia may complicate a variety of rarer illnesses, including neuroleptic malignant syndrome and drug-induced hyperthermia.
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Allen, Michael P., and Dominic J. Tildesley. Molecular dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803195.003.0003.

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This chapter introduces the classical equations of motion for a system of molecules, and describes their solution by stable, accurate, time-stepping algorithms. Simple atomic systems, rigid molecules, and flexible molecules with and without constraints, are treated, with examples of program code. Quaternions are introduced as useful parameters for solving the rigid-body equations of motion of molecules. A simple example of a multiple timestep algorithm is given, and there is a brief summary of event-driven (hard-particle) dynamics. Examples of constant-temperature molecular dynamics using stochastic and deterministic methods are presented, and the corresponding constant-pressure molecular dynamics methods for fixed and variable box-shape are described. The molecular dynamics method is extended to the treatment of polarizable systems, and dynamical simulation of the grand canonical ensemble is mentioned.
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Частини книг з теми "Body core temperature"

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Kalmar, Jayne M., Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, et al. "Core Body Temperature." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 213. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_2257.

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Jessen, Claus. "The Temperature Field of the Body Core." In Temperature Regulation in Humans and Other Mammals, 57–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59461-8_8.

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Werner, Andreas, and Hanns-Christian Gunga. "Monitoring of Core Body Temperature in Humans." In Stress Challenges and Immunity in Space, 477–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16996-1_26.

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Werner, Andreas, and Hanns-Christian Gunga. "Monitoring of Body Core Temperature in Humans." In Stress Challenges and Immunity in Space, 309–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22272-6_23.

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Brock-Utne, John G. "Case 60: A Rapid Increase in Core Body Temperature." In Case Studies of Near Misses in Clinical Anesthesia, 177–78. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1179-7_60.

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Pierangeli, G., P. Cortelli, F. Provini, G. Plazzi, and E. Lugaresi. "Circadian Rhythm of Body Core Temperature in Neurodegenerative Diseases." In Somatic and Autonomic Regulation in Sleep, 55–71. Milano: Springer Milan, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2275-1_4.

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Shido, Osamu, Sohtaro Sakurada, and Tetsuo Nagasaka. "Fall in Body Core Temperature during the Previous Heat Exposure Time in Rats after Subjection to Heat Loads at a Fixed Time Daily." In Temperature Regulation, 207–11. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8491-4_34.

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Britto, Preethika, Suganthan Veerachamy, Jayasubha Ravi Yathav, and Habeebunnisha Kaleelur Rahman. "Automated Infusion Control with Core Body Temperature for Infants Under IV Administration." In 7th WACBE World Congress on Bioengineering 2015, 118–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19452-3_32.

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Parekh, A., I. W. Selesnick, A. Baroni, O. M. Bubu, A. W. Varga, D. M. Rapoport, I. Ayappa, E. M. Blessing, and R. S. Osorio. "Nonlinear Smoothing of Core Body Temperature Data with Random Gaps and Outliers (DRAGO)." In Biomedical Signal Processing, 63–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67494-6_3.

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Selem, Enas, and Sherine M. Abd El-kader. "Role of the Accurate Detection of Core Body Temperature in the Early Detection of Coronavirus." In Studies in Big Data, 227–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55258-9_14.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Body core temperature"

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Atallah, Louis, Calina Ciuhu, Chao Wang, Edwin Bongers, Toon Blom, Igor Paulussen, and Gerrit-Jan Noordergraaf. "An ergonomic wearable core body temperature sensor." In 2018 IEEE 15th International Conference on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks (BSN). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bsn.2018.8329661.

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Guido, Katrina, Alexandra Bringer, and Asimina Kiourti. "Toward Non-Invasive Core Body Temperature Sensing." In 2021 United States National Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting (USNC-URSI NRSM). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/usnc-ursinrsm51531.2021.9336477.

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Dow, Douglas, Jefry Lopes, William Williams, Devin Richard, Logen Johnson, and Mansour Zenouzi. "COOLING VEST SYSTEM TO ASSIST REGULATION OF CORE BODY TEMPERATURE." In 8th International Conference on Body Area Networks. ACM, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/icst.bodynets.2013.253702.

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Boano, Carlo Alberto, Matteo Lasagni, and Kay Romer. "Non-invasive measurement of core body temperature in Marathon runners." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Body Sensor Networks (BSN). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bsn.2013.6575484.

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Haines, Will, Parisa Momenroodaki, Eric Berry, Michael Fromandi, and Zoya Popovic. "Wireless system for continuous monitoring of core body temperature." In 2017 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - IMS 2017. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwsym.2017.8058620.

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Gribok, Andrei, Thomas McKenna, and Jaques Reifman. "Regularization of Body Core Temperature Prediction during Physical Activity." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.259592.

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Gribok, Andrei, Thomas McKenna, and Jaques Reifman. "Regularization of Body Core Temperature Prediction during Physical Activity." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.4397436.

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Pereira, Orlando R. E., João M. L. P. Caldeira, Lei Shu, and Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues. "A mobile core-body temperature monitoring system on Android." In the Fifth International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2221924.2221954.

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Anuar, Hamizah, and Pei Ling Leow. "Non-invasive Core Body Temperature Sensor for Continuous Monitoring." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Sensors and Nanotechnology (SENSORS & NANO). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sensorsnano44414.2019.8940040.

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Xiong, Yijie, Richard S. Gates, Naomi C. Cooper, and Michael Ellis. "Neonatal Piglet Core Body Temperature Model from Surface Temperature and Environment Measurements." In 10th International Livestock Environment Symposium (ILES X). St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/iles.18-128.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Body core temperature"

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Casey, Therese, Sameer J. Mabjeesh, Avi Shamay, and Karen Plaut. Photoperiod effects on milk production in goats: Are they mediated by the molecular clock in the mammary gland? United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598164.bard.

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US scientists, Dr. Theresa Casey and Dr. Karen Plaut, collaborated with Israeli scientists, Dr. SameerMabjeesh and Dr. AviShamay to conduct studies proposed in the BARD Project No. US-4715-14 Photoperiod effects on milk production in goats: Are they mediated by the molecular clock in the mammary gland over the last 3 years. CLOCK and BMAL1 are core components of the circadian clock and as heterodimers function as a transcription factor to drive circadian-rhythms of gene expression. Studies of CLOCK-mutant mice found impaired mammary development in late pregnancy was related to poor lactation performance post-partum. To gain a better understanding of role of clock in regulation of mammary development studies were conducted with the mammary epithelial cell line HC11. Decreasing CLOCK protein levels using shRNA resulted in increased mammary epithelial cell growth rate and impaired differentiation, with lower expression of differentiation markers including ad herens junction protein and fatty acid synthesis genes. When BMAL1 was knocked out using CRISPR-CAS mammary epithelial cells had greater growth rate, but reached stationary phase at a lower density, with FACS indicating cells were growing and dying at a faster rate. Beta-casein milk protein levels were significantly decreased in BMAL1 knockout cells. ChIP-seq analysis was conducted to identify BMAL1 target genes in mammary epithelial cells. Studies conducted in goats found that photoperiod duration and physiological state affected the dynamics of the mammary clock. Effects were likely independent of the photoperiod effects on prolactin levels. Interestingly, circadian rhythms of core body temperature, which functions as a key synchronizing cue sent out by the central clock in the hypothalamus, were profoundly affected by photoperiod and physiological state. Data support that the clock in the mammary gland regulates genes important to development of the gland and milk synthesis. We also found the clock in the mammary is responsive to changes in physiological state and photoperiod, and thus may serve as a mechanism to establish milk production levels in response to environmental cues.
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Halevy, Orna, Zipora Yablonka-Reuveni, and Israel Rozenboim. Enhancement of meat production by monochromatic light stimuli during embryogenesis: effect on muscle development and post-hatch growth. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586471.bard.

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The original objectives were: A. To determine the critical embryonic age for monochromatic green light stimulation. B. To follow the ontogeny of embryos exposed to monochromatic green light vs. darkness. C. To investigate the effects of monochromatic green light illumination on myoblast and fiber development in the embryo. D. To investigate the stimulatory effect of light combinations during embryo and post-hatch periods on growth and meat production. E. To evaluate the direct effect of monochromatic green light on cultured embryonic and adult myoblasts. The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of monochromatic light stimuli during incubation period of broilers on muscle development and satellite cell myogenesis. Based on previous studies (Halevy et al., 1998; Rozenboim et al., 1999) that demonstrated the positive effects of green-light illumination on body and muscle growth, we hypothesized that monochromatic light illumination accelerates embryo and muscle development and subsequently enhances muscle growth and meat production. Thus, further decreases management costs. Under the cooperation of the laboratories at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and University of Washington we have conducted the following: 1. We have established the critical stage for exposure to green monochromatic light which has the maximal effect on body and muscle growth (Objective A). We report that embryonic day 5 is optimal for starting illumination. The optimal regime of lighting that will eliminate possible heat effects was evaluated by monitoring egg core temperature at various illumination periods. We found that intermitted lighting (15 min. on; 15 min. off) is optimal to avoid heat effects. 2. We have evaluated in detail gross changes in embryo development profile associated to green light stimuli vs. darkness. In addition, we have investigated the stimulatory effect of light combinations during embryo and post-hatch periods on body and muscle growth (Objective B,D). 3. We have studied the expression profile of muscle regulatory proteins during chicken muscle cell differentiation in cultures using newly developed antibodies. This study paved the way for analyzing the expression of these proteins in our photo stimulation experiments (Objective C). 4. We have studied the pattern ofPax7 expression during myogenesis in the posthatch chicken. Experimental chick pectoralis muscles as well adult myoblast cultures were used in this study and the results led us to propose a novel model for satellite cell differentiation and renewal. 5. The effects of monochromatic green light illumination during embryogenesis have been studied. These studies focused on fetal myoblast and satellite cell proliferation and differentiation at pre- and posthatch periods and on the effects on the expression of muscle regulatory proteins which are involved in these processes. In addition, we have analyzed the effect of photo stimulation in the embryo on myofiber development at early posthatch (Objective C). 6. In follow the reviewers' comments we have not conducted Objective E. The information gathered from these studies is of utmost importance both, for understanding the molecular basis of muscle development in the posthatch chicks and for applied approach for future broiler management. Therefore, the information could be beneficial to agriculture in the short term on the one hand and to future studies on chick muscle development in the embryo and posthatch on the other hand.
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Yahav, Shlomo, John McMurtry, and Isaac Plavnik. Thermotolerance Acquisition in Broiler Chickens by Temperature Conditioning Early in Life. United States Department of Agriculture, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7580676.bard.

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The research on thermotolerance acquisition in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life was focused on the following objectives: a. To determine the optimal timing and temperature for inducing the thermotolerance, conditioning processes and to define its duration during the first week of life in the broiler chick. b. To investigate the response of skeletal muscle tissue and the gastrointestinal tract to thermal conditioning. This objective was added during the research, to understand the mechanisms related to compensatory growth. c. To evaluate the effect of early thermo conditioning on thermoregulation (heat production and heat dissipation) during 3 phases: (1) conditioning, (2) compensatory growth, (3) heat challenge. d. To investigate how induction of improved thermotolerance impacts on metabolic fuel and the hormones regulating growth and metabolism. Recent decades have seen significant development in the genetic selection of the meat-type fowl (i.e., broiler chickens); leading to rapid growth and increased feed efficiency, providing the poultry industry with heavy chickens in relatively short growth periods. Such development necessitates parallel increases in the size of visceral systems such as the cardiovascular and the respiratory ones. However, inferior development of such major systems has led to a relatively low capability to balance energy expenditure under extreme conditions. Thus, acute exposure of chickens to extreme conditions (i.e., heat spells) has resulted in major economic losses. Birds are homeotherms, and as such, they are able to maintain their body temperature within a narrow range. To sustain thermal tolerance and avoid the deleterious consequences of thermal stresses, a direct response is elicited: the rapid thermal shock response - thermal conditioning. This technique of temperature conditioning takes advantage of the immaturity of the temperature regulation mechanism in young chicks during their first week of life. Development of this mechanism involves sympathetic neural activity, integration of thermal infom1ation in the hypothalamus, and buildup of the body-to-brain temperature difference, so that the potential for thermotolerance can be incorporated into the developing thermoregulation mechanisms. Thermal conditioning is a unique management tool, which most likely involves hypothalamic them1oregulatory threshold changes that enable chickens, within certain limits, to cope with acute exposure to unexpected hot spells. Short-tem1 exposure to heat stress during the first week of life (37.5+1°C; 70-80% rh; for 24 h at 3 days of age) resulted in growth retardation followed immediately by compensatory growth" which resulted in complete compensation for the loss of weight gain, so that the conditioned chickens achieved higher body weight than that of the controls at 42 days of age. The compensatory growth was partially explained by its dramatic positive effect on the proliferation of muscle satellite cells which are necessary for further muscle hypertrophy. By its significant effect of the morphology and functioning of the gastrointestinal tract during and after using thermal conditioning. The significant effect of thermal conditioning on the chicken thermoregulation was found to be associated with a reduction in heat production and evaporative heat loss, and with an increase in sensible heat loss. It was further accompanied by changes in hormones regulating growth and metabolism These physiological responses may result from possible alterations in PO/AH gene expression patterns (14-3-3e), suggesting a more efficient mechanism to cope with heat stress. Understanding the physiological mechanisms behind thermal conditioning step us forward to elucidate the molecular mechanism behind the PO/AH response, and response of other major organs. The thermal conditioning technique is used now in many countries including Israel, South Korea, Australia, France" Ecuador, China and some places in the USA. The improvement in growth perfom1ance (50-190 g/chicken) and thermotolerance as a result of postnatal thermal conditioning, may initiate a dramatic improvement in the economy of broiler's production.
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Starkey, Eric, Daniel McCay, Chrisopher Cooper, and Mark Hynds. Assessment of estuarine water and sediment quality at Cape Hatteras National Seashore and Cape Lookout National Seashore: 2021 data summary. National Park Service, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294854.

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In July 2021 the Southeast Coast Network conducted an assessment of water quality in the vicinity of Cape Hatteras and Cape Lookout National Seashores as part of the National Park Service Vital Signs Monitoring Program. Monitoring was conducted following methods developed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as part of the National Coastal Assessment Program (EPA 2010). Laboratory analysis measured chlorophyll a and total and dissolved concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorous. Field measurements included water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and salinity. Water clarity, which requires a Secchi depth measurement, was obtained when possible. All measured parameters were rated as good, fair, or poor based on thresholds set by the EPA (2012). All measured parameters were rated as good, fair, or poor based on thresholds set by the EPA (2012). Water clarity was not calculated at all sites due to the shallow depth of the water in the sound. Of the sites where water clarity could be assessed (5 sites), four measured good and one fair. Sites that were too shallow to measure water clarity had water column conditions that did not preclude light from penetrating to the bottom of the water body so no ecological effects would be expected.Turbidity measurements ranged from 1.0 to 8.0 FNU (Formazin Nephelometric Units) and are good (i.e. < 25 NTU [Nephelometric Turbidity Units]) according to North Carolina Standards (NC Administrative Code 2019). Note that turbidity units of FNU and NTU are roughly equivalent. Chlorophyll a concentration was rated good at 29 sites (97%), and fair at one site (3%). Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration was good at all 30 sites (100%). Dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) concentration was good at all 30 sites (100%). Dissolved oxygen concentration (bottom) was rated good at all 30 sites (100%). A water-quality condition summary index was calculated for each site sampled at Cape Hatteras and Cape Lookout National Seashores based on the categorical assessments of chlorophyll a, DIN and DIP concentrations, dissolved oxygen, and water clarity. This summary index indicated good water-quality conditions at all thirty sites (100%). Based on the summary water-quality index rating, overall water-quality conditions at Cape Hatteras and Cape Lookout National Seashores during sampling in 2021 were good. For sediment, ecological condition was ranked as good at 30 sites (100%). As a result, no adverse impacts to benthic organisms due to sediment contamination are anticipated at any of the sampled sites. This ranking was assigned according to the 2010 Environmental Protection Agency, National Coastal Condition Assessment (NCCA) thresholds for sediment chemistry.
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