Статті в журналах: "Blue tl"

1

Schvoerer, M., M. C. Delavergne, and R. Chapoulie. "The thermoluminescence (TL) of Egyptian Blue." International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements 14, no. 1-2 (January 1988): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-0189(88)90083-0.

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2

Kutovyy, S. Yu, and О. P. Stanovyi. "Thermostimulated luminescence and photoluminescence of microcrystalline zinc sulphide ZnS:Cu." Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics and Optoelectronics 25, no. 4 (December 22, 2022): 422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/spqeo25.04.422.

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In the work, photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL) spectra of a zinc sulfide phosphor series, namely microcrystalline ZnS:Cu obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), were obtained and analyzed. Based on the spectral analysis, the character of the influence of annealing parameters on the intensity of the “blue” (B) and “green” (G) PL bands is established. The behaviors of the PL and TL bands are compared and the TL bands in the blue and green spectral regions are identified. The TL mechanism was assumed to be the specific nature of the centers that cause the B- and G-bands of PL.

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3

Choi, Jae Won, Bom Sok Kim, Myung Jin Kim, and Min Su Han. "Characteristics of TL Signal and Multi-wavelength OSL Signal against Firing Temperature of White Porcelain." Journal of Conservation Science 38, no. 6 (December 31, 2022): 608–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12654/jcs.2022.38.6.04.

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We analyzed the characteristics of white porcelain fired at different temperatures (800, 1200, 1350℃) by measuring changes in thermal luminescence(TL) and multi-wavelength (IR, orange, green, blue, UVA) optically stimulated luminescence(OSL) signal. White porcelain fired at 800℃ showed high intensity TL signals over a wide temperature range of 100 to 400℃, whereas white porcelain fired at 1200 and 1350℃ showed TL peaks at 100 and 210℃. Moreover, the OSL signals of white porcelain fired at 800℃, increased linearly according to the amount of irradiation, under IR, orange, green, blue and UVA stimulation. However, the OSL signals of white porcelain fired at 1200℃ increased linearly only under blue and UVA stimulation, while those of white porcelain fired at 1350℃ increased linearly only under UVA stimulation. In general, the strength of the TL/OSL signal was weakened as the firing temperature increased, which seems to be due to the vitrification caused by the high-temperature firing process. Therefore, it was found that it is important to select the optical stimulation source of the proper wavelength during TL/OSL dating to white porcelain.

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4

Perrier, M., M. Busson, G. Massasso, J. Long, V. Boudousq, J. P. Pouget, S. Peyrottes, et al. "201Tl+-labelled Prussian blue nanoparticles as contrast agents for SPECT scintigraphy." Nanoscale 6, no. 22 (2014): 13425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nr03044c.

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5

WANG, DINGLI, JING SHI, XIAOKUI QIN, MINGLIANG TIAN, QINGMING XIAO, and DECHENG TIAN. "SPECIFIC HEAT STUDY OF THE CDW PHASE TRANSITION IN THE DOPED BLUE BRONZES Tl0.3-xKxMoO3." Modern Physics Letters B 14, no. 07n08 (April 10, 2000): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984900000380.

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The specific heat of the doped blue bronzes Tl 0.3-x K x MoO 3 (x = 0.06, 0.15) has been measured in the temperature range between 100 and 220 K. Anomalies were observed at 165.7 K and 164.8 K for Tl 0.24 K 0.06 MoO 3 and Tl 0.15 K 0.15 MoO 3, respectively. The specific heat jump, and the entropy and enthalpy changes associated with the CDW phase transition are estimated. The results suggest that the Peierls phase transition is of second order. By analogy with the behavior of pure Tl 0.3-x MoO 3, it shows that in the quasi-one-dimensional blue bronze, the perfect order of the interlayer alkali or thallium polyhedral chain plays an important role in the Peierls phase transition.

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6

Bernhagen, Lindsay. "Classwork: Educational Development and Blue‐Collar Sensibility." New Directions for Teaching and Learning 2019, no. 158 (June 2019): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tl.20336.

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7

Franklin, A. D., J. R. Prescott, and G. B. Robertson. "Comparison of blue and red TL from quartz." Radiation Measurements 32, no. 5-6 (December 2000): 633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-4487(00)00050-0.

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8

Maurin-Pasturel, Guillaume, Estelle Rascol, Muriel Busson, Samuel Sevestre, Joséphine Lai-Kee-Him, Patrick Bron, Jérôme Long, et al. "201Tl-labeled Prussian blue and Au@Prussian blue nanoprobes for SPEC-CT imaging: influence of the size, shape and coating on the biodistribution." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 4, no. 10 (2017): 1737–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7qi00321h.

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²⁰¹Tl-labeled Prussian blue and core@shell Au@Prussian blue nanoparticles coated with the phospholipidic bilayer and dextran were investigated in vivo as nanoprobes by usingSPECT-CT scintigraphy.

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9

YUE, SONG. "TRANSIENT ELECTRIC RESPONSE OF CHARGE DENSITY WAVES IN BLUE BRONZE." Modern Physics Letters B 25, no. 14 (June 10, 2011): 1253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984911026887.

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The transient voltage response of the charge density wave (CDW) to current pulses in Tl 0.3 MoO 3 and K 0.15 Tl 0.15 MoO 3 have been studied. Contrasted with the data reported previously for other blue bronze systems, a kind of superimposed (overshoot and sluggish) response waveform is observed for the first time. These results are discussed in analogy with the coexisting of "inductive" and "capacitive" effects at the onset of the CDW depinning.

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10

Reátegui-Quispe, Andrés, and Daniel Pariona-Velarde. "Determinación de plomo, cadmio, mercurio y Bases Volátiles Nitrogenadas Totales (NBVT) en el músculo de tiburón azul Prionace glauca procedente de la zona sur del Perú." Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía 54, no. 3 (January 17, 2020): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.22370/rbmo.2019.54.3.2029.

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Blue shark Prionace glauca is one of the most important elasmobranch species landed and consumed in Peru. Due to its importance as fishery resource, were evaluated lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and Total Volatile Base Nitrogen (TVBN) in the muscle tissue of 25 specimens, captured in the southern zone of Peruvian sea. These analytes were compared with current regulations and were determined its relationship with sex and total length (TL). We obtained ranges between 0.04-0.25, 0.01-0.04 and 0.09-0.50 mg kg-1 for Pb, Cd and Hg, respectively. TVBN values were between 38.50-94.60 mg TVBN 100 g-1. Analytes did not have differences with TL and gender. Pb was positive correlation with TL, while the Cd, Hg and TVBN did not. This study provides sanitary information of blue shark muscle from Peruvian waters.

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11

Cipa, J., L. Trinkler, and B. Berzina. "Thermoluminescence Response of AlN+Y2O3 Ceramics to Sunlight and X-Ray Irradiation." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 58, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2021-0001.

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Abstract AlN is a wide band gap material with promising properties for dosimetric applications, especially in UV dosimetry. In the present research, the thermoluminescence method is used in order to better understand sunlight and X-ray irradiation effects on yttria doped AlN ceramics. In general, the TL response is characterised by a broad TL peak with maxima around 400–450 K and a TL emission spectrum with UV (400 nm), Blue (480 nm) and Red (600 nm) bands. Compared to the X-ray irradiation, sunlight irradiation creates a wider TL glow curve peak with a maximum shifted to higher temperatures by 50 K. Furthermore, in the TL emission spectra of AlN irradiated with sunlight the UV band is suppressed. The reasons of the TL peculiarities under two types of irradiation are discussed. Practical application of AlN ceramics as material for UV light TL dosimetry and, in particular, for sunlight dosimetry is estimated.

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12

Takeuchi, Akihiro, and Tetsuo Hashimoto. "Milling-Induced Reset of Thermoluminescence and Deformation of Hydroxyl Species in the Near-Surface Layers of Quartz Grains." Geochronometria 32, no. -1 (January 1, 2008): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10003-008-0021-x.

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Milling-Induced Reset of Thermoluminescence and Deformation of Hydroxyl Species in the Near-Surface Layers of Quartz GrainsReset mechanisms of thermoluminescence (TL) signals in the near-surface layers (~500 nm thick) of quartz grains during milling are discussed on the basis of the dependence of TL glow-curves and infrared absorption spectra on grain diameter. TL measurements (heating to 370°C at 1°C/s) indicate that the near-surface layer does not seem to emit TL at ~250-400°C, especially in the blue range, even in TL measurements after re-irradiation. In contrast, the layer seems to emit more TL at ~130°C than the inner original quartz. On the other hand, diffused reflection infrared Fourier transform spectrometry indicates that hydroxyl species (e.g. Al-OH, Li-dependent OH and molecular H2O species) are deformed in the near-surface layer. These two series of data suggest that TL recombination sites in the near-surface layer are deformed or broken during milling and contribute to TL emission unusually strongly.

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13

Gasparian, P. B. R., A. L. M. C. Malthez, E. M. Yoshimura, N. K. Umisedo, and L. L. Campos. "Study of the dosimetric properties of CaSO₄:Dy using OSL technique." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 04 (April 1, 2022): P04022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/04/p04022.

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Abstract Calcium sulfate doped with dysprosium (CaSO4:Dy) has been used for personal dosimetry using the thermoluminescence (TL) technique for decades and its TL properties are well-known. Considering the advantages of the OSL technique (relatively simple and faster readout and detector reusability) and the potential application of CaSO4:Dy as an OSL detector, this study aimed to investigate the dosimetric properties of CaSO4:Dy using the OSL technique. The present study was carried out using CaSO4:Dy pellets prepared at IPEN irradiated and read in a TL/OSL Risø reader with blue light stimulation and Hoya U-340 filter. OSL dosimetric properties essentially dose response, reproducibility, and fading characteristics were evaluated. Moreover, TL and OSL signals were compared to study the correlation between OSL signals and TL peaks. CaSO4:Dy OSL response is linear from 0.1 to 10 Gy and shows reproducibility better than 5%. The low-temperature TL peak is unstable; however, the OSL signal seems to be associated with higher-temperature peaks.

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14

Chodrijah, U., and R. Faizah. "Population parameter, size distribution and sex ratio of the blue shark (Prionace glauca Linnaeus, 1758) caught in the southern of Nusa Tenggara." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 890, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/890/1/012054.

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Abstract The blue shark (Prionace glauca Linnaeus, 1758) was a targeted shark caught in the artisanal fisheries in Tanjung Luar, West Nusa Tenggara. This species was caught by drifting longline. The study aims to obtain the parameter population, size distribution and sex ratio of the blue shark from these waters. The research was conducted in Tanjung Luar during 2019-2020, and a total of 1676 blue sharks were caught by drift longline. The data were analyzed by using ELEFAN II. The size blue sharks varied from 73 cm to 397 cm total length (TL), with mean length was 266 cm for males and 72-390 cm with mean length 255,61 cm TL for females. Male was dominated sex ratio. The equation growth for blue shark for male was Lt = 400 (1 – e−0.28 (t-0.2921)) and female was Lt = 390 (1 – e−0.25 (t-0.3307)) . The first captured (Lc ) length for males and females are 267.76 cm and 250.98 cm, respectively. Natural mortality (M) = 0.42/year, the fishing mortality (F ) = 0.50/year. The exploitation rate was > 0.55/year it means that utilization rate of blue sharks in Southern of Nusa Tenggara waters was susceptible to overfishing. This condition needs good management actions for this species.

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15

TIAN, MING-LIANG, DE-CHENG TIAN, MING-SHENG ZHANG, QIANG CHEN, and ZU-XUAN LIN. "INFLUENCES OF THALLIUM-DOPING ON THE PHASE TRANSITION AND RAMAN SPECTRA OF BLUE MOLYBDENUM BRONZES IN CHARGE-DENSITY-WAVE STATE." Modern Physics Letters B 06, no. 13 (June 10, 1992): 803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984992000880.

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Temperature dependencies of the Raman spectra of pure K 0.3 MoO 3 and thallium-doped K 0.15 Tl 0.15 MoO 3 blue bronzes are reported. The results showed that in pure bronze the commensurate domains separated by discommensurations occur below 100 K, perhaps as a result of the influence of the commensurate potentials of the undistorted alkaline sublattice. The disorder Tl-impurities may destroy the commensurate domains and lead to complete incommensuration in Tl-doped blue bronze below 100 K. The tremendous critical fluctuations and impurity-induced lack of long-range order of incommensurate CDW would lead to the spectral continuum or its disappearing. The weak softening of the amplitude mode is about 11%, which is similar to previous report. We were also the first to observe two strong new modes at about 76 cm −1 and 86 cm −1 in the distorted CDW state and attributed them to zone center excitations of the phonon branches at zone boundary due to CDW-induced collapse of the Brillouin zone at T p .

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16

Rendell, H. M., M. R. Khanlary, P. D. Townsend, T. Calderon, and B. J. Luff. "Thermoluminescence spectra of minerals." Mineralogical Magazine 57, no. 387 (June 1993): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1993.057.387.03.

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AbstractThermoluminescence (TL) studies of insulators, including crystals of minerals such as calcite, quartz or zircon, have resulted in the development of a wider range of applications in the fields of radiation dosimetry and archaeological and geological dating. Most conventional TL measurements are made by recording light emission during heating by means of broad-band optical filters and blue-sensitive photomultiplier tubes. Much more information may be gained by monitoring the details of the emission spectrum during thermoluminescence. TL spectra of minerals exhibit changes as a result of crystal purity, radiation dose, dose rate and thermal history. This paper exemplifies the additional information available as a result of spectral studies, and focuses on investigations undertaken by the University of Sussex TL group. Examples include work on calcite, fluorite, zircon and feldspars.

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17

Koul, Dileep K., Anuj Soni, and Debabrata Datta. "Some novel features of post-500°C heating blue stimulated OSL emission of fired natural quartz." Geochronometria 44, no. 1 (November 23, 2017): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geochr-2015-0078.

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Abstract In this study, some novel features of the post 500°C blue stimulated optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) of fired geological quartz are reported. Different observations (i) pulse annealing and (ii) impact of bleaching on high temperature TL glow peak suggested 510°C (heating rate of 2°C/s) TL peak trap to be responsible for the observed emission. The dosimetric properties of this emission were seen to make its applicability for dose assessment till kGy range. The signal was seen to be easily bleachable, reaching background value within 100 s with blue light at 125°C. The signal qualified all the tests (i) reproducibility, (ii) negligible recuperation and (iii) accuracy of dose recovery needed for reliable assessment of the radiation dose with modified Single aliquot regenerative (SAR) protocol. Considering the bleachability and high dynamic dose range of this signal, it has the potential to stretch the upper dose limit of dating by one order of magnitude than possible with conventional OSL, corresponding to 325°C TL trap. So, combining all the results, the signal reported here could be very useful for dosimetric applications involving measurement of high radiation dose, like dating.

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18

Shafer, David S. "Late Quaternary Landscape Evolution at Flat Laurel Gap, Blue Ridge Mountains, North Carolina." Quaternary Research 30, no. 1 (July 1988): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(88)90083-x.

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Analysis of colluvial, fluvial, and bog sediments at Flat Laurel Gap (1500 m) in the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina provides a record of late Quaternary landscape evolution. Thermoluminescence (TL) analysis provides the first absolute-age determinations available for presumed periglacial deposits in the southern Appalachian Mountains. The Pleistocene/Holocene transition, dated between 11,900 and 10,100 yr B.P., represents a period of climatic amelioration and a change from colluvial to alluvial processes. A TL date of 7400 ± 1000 yr B.P. for matrix within a block-stream indicates possible early Holocene reworking of Pleistocene periglacial colluvium. Organic sediment deposition in a bog that began about 3400 yr B.P. increased in rate from 0.02 to 0.09 cm/yr with the onset of logging and land clearance about 1880 A.D.

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19

Joung, Shoou-Jeng, Guann-Tyng Lyu, Hua-Hsun Hsu, Kwang-Ming Liu, and Shyh-Bin Wang. "Age and growth estimates of the blue shark Prionace glauca in the central South Pacific Ocean." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 9 (2018): 1346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17098.

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The age and growth of the blue shark Prionace glauca in the central South Pacific is described based on 267 specimens that were collected by scientific observers on board Taiwanese large-scale tuna longline fleets between May 2009 and May 2011. Growth band pairs (identified as translucent and opaque bands) were counted on images photographed from X-ray films of the vertebrae from the caudal peduncle region. The marginal increment ratio and centrum edge analysis indicated that a growth band pair was formed on the vertebral centrum once per year. The band pairs after the birthmark were counted from 2 to 11 for females and from 2 to 15 for males. The bias corrected Akaike information criterion indicated that the von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) best fitted the observed total length (TL)-at-age data. The parameters of sex-specific VBGF were estimated as follows: for females, theoretical maximum length (L∞) mean±s.d.=330.4±46.6cm TL, growth coefficient k=0.164±0.057year–1 and theoretical age at length 0 (t0)=–1.29±0.78 years; for males, L∞=376.6±32.6cm TL, k=0.128±0.022year–1 and t0=–1.48±0.54 years. The longevities were estimated to be at least 16.8 and 21.6 years for females and males respectively.

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20

Stokkan, Karl-Arne, Lars Folkow, Juliet Dukes, Magella Neveu, Chris Hogg, Sandra Siefken, Steven C. Dakin, and Glen Jeffery. "Shifting mirrors: adaptive changes in retinal reflections to winter darkness in Arctic reindeer." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1773 (December 22, 2013): 20132451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2451.

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Arctic reindeer experience extreme changes in environmental light from continuous summer daylight to continuous winter darkness. Here, we show that they may have a unique mechanism to cope with winter darkness by changing the wavelength reflection from their tapetum lucidum (TL). In summer, it is golden with most light reflected back directly through the retina, whereas in winter it is deep blue with less light reflected out of the eye. The blue reflection in winter is associated with significantly increased retinal sensitivity compared with summer animals. The wavelength of reflection depends on TL collagen spacing, with reduced spacing resulting in shorter wavelengths, which we confirmed in summer and winter animals. Winter animals have significantly increased intra-ocular pressure, probably produced by permanent pupil dilation blocking ocular drainage. This may explain the collagen compression. The resulting shift to a blue reflection may scatter light through photoreceptors rather than directly reflecting it, resulting in elevated retinal sensitivity via increased photon capture. This is, to our knowledge, the first description of a retinal structural adaptation to seasonal changes in environmental light. Increased sensitivity occurs at the cost of reduced acuity, but may be an important adaptation in reindeer to detect moving predators in the dark Arctic winter.

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21

Zorica, Barbara, Ivana Bušelić, Vanja Čikeš Keč, Vedran Vuletin, Ivana Lepen Pleić, Igor Isajlović, Ivana Radonić, and Nedo Vrgoč. "Biometry, Distribution and Genetic Characterization of Blue Jack Mackerel Trachurus picturatus (Bowdich, 1825), a Rare Pelagic Fish Species in the Adriatic Sea." Diversity 12, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12120463.

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The blue jack mackerel Trachurus picturatus (Bowdich, 1825) specimens (N = 155) were collected during the MEDITS survey, done along the eastern side, precisely, of the Croatian fishing ground in July 2018. Biometrical analysis of ten morphometric and five meristic characters, as well as genetic analysis proved that the collected specimens were blue jack mackerel. The total length (TL) and weight (W) of all observed specimens ranged from 9.2 to 33.7 cm (12.15 ± 2.95 cm) and from 5.79 to 384.94 g (17.64 ± 39.42 g), respectively. All calculated length–length relationships were linear (r > 0.923). Sex was determined only on two larger specimens (28 cm < TL < 32.8 cm), which were females. In the length–weight relationship, positive allometry was established (b = 3.1789). Based on 37 partial cytochrome b sequences, the overall haplotype diversity (h) of 0.812 ± 0.048 and nucleotide diversity (π) of 0.0064 ± 0.0007 indicated high levels of haplotype and low nucleotide diversity. The obtained sequences were compared to previously published research within the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, confirming the absence of genetic structure among these populations.

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22

Mir-Arguimbau, Joan, Paloma Martín, Marc Balcells, Joan Sala-Coromina, and Ana Sabatés. "Fishery dynamics of blue whiting, Micromesistius poutassou, a highly discarded bycatch species in the NW Mediterranean Sea." Scientia Marina 86, no. 1 (April 7, 2022): e025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05240.025.

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This study characterized the fishery dynamics of blue whiting, a bycatch species of the bottom trawl Norway lobster fishery, in the NW Mediterranean. Landings and effort data over the last two decades were combined with current information on the spatial distribution of effort and catch, and with the size and age structure of blue whiting over the year. Recruitment to the demersal habitat occurred from 5 cm total length (TL) over the shelf break in spring (April-May), when discards showed the highest values (>95% of the catch). Adults were located over the upper slope, and large individuals (≥26 cm TL) were abundant during the reproductive period (January-March). A decline in landings has been observed in the last decade, probably related to the absence of intense deep convection processes in winter since 2013, which favour recruitment of the species. The effect of exploitation on the decrease in landings cannot be disregarded considering that the bulk of the catch is made up of immature (age 0) individuals, and the presence of old individuals is very low.

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23

Hunter, Peter G., and Nigel A. Spooner. "Investigation of the role of the production process on the luminescence of sea salt products." Geochronometria 44, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geochr-2015-0055.

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Abstract Luminescence dosimetry assumes samples of a given material with diverse provenances behave in a predictable manner, allowing a standardised testing protocol, such as SAR for quartz, to be employed. This article demonstrates that distinct salt products derived from a single manufacturer’s feedstock retain comparable luminescence behaviour. This is the basis of a standardised test protocol: uniting testing procedures which have been shown to be individually applicable. Generalization across samples from different manufacturers and processes is currently under investigation. Luminescent evaluation of five samples produced by Cheetham & Co. gave useful intensities for all emission bands (590 nm, 420 nm and 360 nm TL and blue stimulated OSL), with the spectral and intensity balance of emissions generally similar for each sample. 590 nm emission sensitization was noted after preheating samples to 135°C and 300°C for five minutes. But, the 360 nm TL emission from feedstock salt was a factor of five greater than the same signal from the other processed samples despite the OSL intensity being similar to the other samples. Spectrum variation between aliquots as measured by the 3D TL spectrometer was also investigated and found to be minimal for both the first and second TL glow cycles.

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24

Tsirliganis, N., G. Polymeris, Z. Loukou, and G. Kitis. "Anomalous fading of the TL, Blue-SL and IR-SL signals of fluorapatite." Radiation Measurements 41, no. 7-8 (August 2006): 954–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2006.04.024.

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25

Hashimoto, T., M. Kojima, N. Shirai, and M. Ichino. "Activation energies from blue- and red-thermoluminescence (TL) of quartz grains and mean lives of trapped electrons related to natural red-TL." Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements 21, no. 2 (April 1993): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-0189(93)90165-6.

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26

Rodríguez-Ibarra, Luz Estela. "Desarrollo osteológico de la columna vertebral y del complejo caudal de larvas de Lutjanus guttatus (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) en condiciones de cultivo." Revista de Biología Tropical 63, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v63i1.14648.

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The spotted rose snapper (Lutjanus guttatus) is an important commercial species in Mexico with good culture potential. The osteological study at early stages in this species is an important tool to confirm normal bone structure and for the detection of malformations that may occur during early development. This study was carried out in order to evaluate and describe the normal osteological development of the vertebral column and caudal complex of this species grown under controlled conditions. For this, a total of 540 larvae of L. guttatus, between 2.1 and 17.5mm of total length (TL), were cultured during 36 days; culture conditions were 28ºC, 5.74mg/L oxygen and 32.2ups salinity with standard feeding rates. To detect growth changes, a sample of 15 organisms was daily taken from day one until day 36 of post-hatch (DPH). Samples were processed following standard techniques of clearing, and cartilage (alcian blue) and bone staining (alizarin red). Results showed that the vertebral column is composed of nine vertebrae in the abdominal region, and 14 vertebrae including the urostyle in the caudal region. The development of the axial skeleton starts with the neural arches and haemal arches at 3.8mm TL. Caudal elements such as the hypurals and parahypural began to develop at 4.1mm TL. Pre-flexion and flexion of the notochord and the formation of all hypurals were observed between 5.3 and 5.8mm TL. Ossification of the vertebrae in the abdominal region and in some neural arches initiated at 9.5mm TL. In the caudal region, all the neural and haemal arches ossified at 10.2mm TL. All the abdominal vertebrae and their respective neural arches and parapophyses ossified at 11.2mm TL, while the elements of the caudal complex that ossified were the hypurals, parahypurals and modified haemal spines. All caudal fin rays, 12 neural spines and 3 haemal arches were ossified by 15.5mm. The complete ossification process of this specie under laboratory culture conditions was observed when larvae reached 17.3mm TL on 36 DPH. Detailed analysis of the osteological structures will allow a reference description to evaluate and detect malformations that may occur during the larval culture of the spotted rose snapper.

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27

Teklekhaimanot, Beraki Weldegiorgish, Sergey Vadimovich Shibaev, and Sergey Yurievich Gulyugin. "AGE AND GROWTH OF THE BLUE SHARK PRIONACE GLAUCA IN THE EASTERN ATLANTIC OCEAN." KSTU News, no. 62 (August 1, 2021): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46845/1997-3071-2021-62-11-25.

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In this study, 292 blue sharks Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758) (from 151 to 305 cm total length, TL) were collected off western Africa in the eastern central Atlantic Ocean between 1980 and 1982. Vertebral sections of females specimens ranged from 175 to 300 cm and males specimens ranged from 166 to 312 cm TL were processed and analyzed for age and growth parameters. Growth band pairs (translucent and opaque bands) were counted on the images photographed from the stained whole vertebrae using digital microscope called Digi Scope II. The band pairs after the birthmark were counted from 3 to 12 for males and from 4 to 13 for females. Growth parameters were derived using the Von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) based on FISAT and solver solution Microsoft excel and Ford Wall-Ford. VBGF was that which best fit the data. Parameters derived from the combination of observed and back-calculated lengths, K = 0.1, L_∞ = 386.4 cm and t_0 = −1.35 year for males and K = 0.12 year -1, L_∞= 355 cm and t_0 = –1.02 year for females were considered to best describe growth. The longevity was estimated to be at least 23.7 and 28.3 years for females and males respectively. The natural mortality rate was estimated to be 0.15 year - 1 and 0.18 year -1 for males and females respectively.

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28

Ilkun, Olesya T., Stephen J. Archibald, Charles L. Barnes, Nikolay Gerasimchuk, Richard Biagioni, Svitlana Silchenko, Olga A. Gerasimchuk, and Victor N. Nemykin. "Benz(2-heteroaryl)cyanoximes and their Tl(i) complexes: new room temperature blue emitters." Dalton Transactions, no. 42 (2008): 5715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b803846e.

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29

Kirsh, Y., and R. Chen. "Analysis of the blue phosphorescence of x-irradiated albite using a TL-like presentation." International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements 18, no. 1-2 (January 1991): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-0189(91)90089-z.

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30

Kouamé, Kouassi Yves Narcisse, Kouadio Justin Konan, Nahoua Issa Ouattara, and Tidiani Koné. "Aspects of the reproductive biology of the blue shark Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758) in the coastal waters of Ivory Coast, West Africa." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 99, no. 06 (April 17, 2019): 1435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315419000274.

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AbstractThe blue shark Prionace glauca is the most abundant species in the artisanal driftnet fishery off the coastal waters of Ivory Coast. The reproductive parameters were investigated with the aim of providing basic information on the reproductive biology for fisheries management. A total of 424 specimens (256 males and 168 females) ranging from 170–330 cm in total length (TL) were sampled between August 2014 and November 2016. Sample for embryonic sex ratio was obtained from 18 litters of 503 individuals (255 males and 248 females). The embryonic sex ratio was not significantly different from 1:1 (χ2 = 0.10, P > 0.05, N = 503). The size at 50% maturity (L50) was 218.1 cm TL for males and 223.3 cm TL for females. The litter size based on the number of embryos varied from 6 to 62, with an average of 30 embryos. Mating started in July whereas ovulation, fertilization and uterine eggs occurred in late October–November. Smallest embryos of 3–5 cm in stretch total length (STL) appeared in uterus from November to January. The embryo size varied widely among months, and well-pigmented embryos were already present in April–May samples, although most of them occurred in August–September, suggesting a gestation period of around 11 months. The absence of neonates in catches, as well as parturition females, does not support a hypothesis that parturition takes place in the Gulf of Guinea.

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31

Clark-Balzan, Laine, Venera R. May, and Frank Preusser. "Luminescence Characteristics of Intraplate-Derived Olivines." Geochronometria 48, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geochr-2021-0006.

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Abstract Olivine has so far attracted limited attention as a potential luminescence dosimeter. In particular, there is a dearth of information concerning the luminescence properties of geochemically characterised, pure olivine samples. Six well-characterised olivine samples from four intraplate settings are investigated in this study, including emission wavelengths and intensities, growth of signal with absorbed dose, signal stability and recovery of a given dose with a single aliquot regeneration (SAR) protocol. All tested olivines share a low-temperature (90–100°C) UV/blue thermoluminescence (TL) peak, and five of six samples also produce a low-temperature red/yellow emission. Higher temperature TL peaks, which would be thermally stable over geological timescales and could be used for dating, are rarely observed at low doses (c. 46 Gy), but detectable though dim at significantly higher doses (c. 460 Gy). Photostimulated luminescence (PSL) emissions are very dim, but reliably detected emissions are stimulated by blue, yellow and infrared (IR) light. PSL yielded generally successful dose recovery results; however, all tested signals are prone to significant anomalous fading and complex thermal transfer between unbleachable and bleachable traps. These characteristics must be addressed if olivine is to be used as a natural dosimeter for luminescence dating. Given the variety of luminescence responses, it appears that olivine samples in future dating work may need to be individually characterised prior to measurement.

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32

Dubey, Vikas, Ratnesh Tiwari, Raunak Kumar Tamrakar, Chandrabhushan Markande, Gajendra Singh Rathore, and Mahendra Kumar Pradhan. "Thermoluminescence and Photoluminescence Study of Erbium Doped CaY2O4 Phosphor." Indian Journal of Materials Science 2015 (September 30, 2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/745052.

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Phosphor doped with erbium ion with variable concentration (0.5–2 mol%) was synthesized by solid state reaction method. CaY2O4:Er3+ phosphor is characterized by X-ray diffraction technique for structural analysis and crystallite size calculation. Average crystallite size was found to be nearly 58 nm. Two prominent TL glow peaks found at 163°C associated with higher temperature peak 340°C. The peak intensity of higher temperature (340°C) peak was less as compared to lower temperature peak (163°C) because the deep trapping formation is less in case of UV irradiation. Sample shows good TL glow curve and for variable UV exposure time maximum TL intensity was found at 20 min UV exposure which is optimized UV exposure time. Sample was studied by photoluminescence emission spectra excited by xenon flash lamp with nearly 360 nm and four prominent peaks found at wavelengths 445, 525, 553, and 565 nm; here the 445 and 565 nm peak were intense as compared to others. From the PL emission spectra, it is concluded that the color tenability of prepared CaY2O4:Er3+ was blue-green and it is verified by CIE coordinate. Kinetic parameters of prepared phosphor were calculated by computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) technique.

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33

O'Driscoll, Richard L., Johannes Oeffner, and Adam J. Dunford. "In situ target strength estimates of optically verified southern blue whiting (Micromesistius australis)." ICES Journal of Marine Science 70, no. 2 (November 23, 2012): 431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss177.

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Abstract O'Driscoll, R. L., Oeffner, J., and Dunford, A. J. 2013. In situ target strength estimates of optically verified southern blue whiting (Micromesistius australis) – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 431–439. Estimates of the acoustic target strength (TS) of southern blue whiting (Micromesistius australis) at 38 kHz were obtained using an autonomous acoustic–optical system (AOS) mounted on a demersal trawl. Data were collected from aggregations of spawning adult [mean fork length (FL) 34.4 cm] and immature (mean FL 24.6 cm) southern blue whiting south of New Zealand. Mean TS was estimated from 162 tracks containing 695 echoes from targets identified from video as southern blue whiting. The mean TS was –37.9 dB with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of –39.7 to –36.6 dB for 21 immature fish and –34.6 dB (95% CI –35.4 to –34.0 dB) for 141 adults. A logarithmic fit through the mean TS values produced a TS–fork length (FL) relationship from optically verified targets of TS = 22.06 log10FL – 68.54. This new relationship gives TS values within 1 dB of those estimated using the relationship recently adopted by ICES for blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) of TS = 20 log10TL – 65.2 (where TL is total length) obtained from in situ measurements, but higher values than those estimated from the previous relationship for southern blue whiting of TS = 38 log10FL – 97, which was based on swimbladder modelling.

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34

Schlenker, Philippe, Emmanuel Chemla, Anne M. Schel, James Fuller, Jean-Pierre Gautier, Jeremy Kuhn, Dunja Veselinović, et al. "Formal monkey linguistics." Theoretical Linguistics 42, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2016): 1–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tl-2016-0001.

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AbstractWe argue that rich data gathered in experimental primatology in the last 40 years can benefit from analytical methods used in contemporary linguistics. Focusing on the syntactic and especially semantic side, we suggest that these methods could help clarify five questions: (i) what morphology and syntax, if any, do monkey calls have? (ii) what is the ‘lexical meaning’ of individual calls? (iii) how are the meanings of individual calls combined? (iv) how do calls or call sequences compete with each other when several are appropriate in a given situation? (v) how did the form and meaning of calls evolve? We address these questions in five case studies pertaining to cercopithecines (Putty-nosed monkeys, Blue monkeys, and Campbell’s monkeys), colobinae (Guereza monkeys and King Colobus monkeys), and New World monkeys (Titi monkeys). The

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35

Zhuang, Z. Z., K. Q. Wang, Z. J. Chen, L. Z. Cao, M. L. Tian, Y. H. Zhang, and A. Junod. "Specific heat study of the CDW phase transition for the Tl doped blue bronze K0.15Tl0.15MoO3." Solid State Communications 99, no. 4 (July 1996): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(96)00217-7.

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36

Hashimoto, T., K. Yokosaka, and H. Habuki. "Emission properties of thermoluminescence from natural quartz-blue and red TL response to absorbed dose." International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements 13, no. 1 (January 1987): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-0189(87)90008-2.

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37

Ramadan, M. F., M. M. S. Asker, and Z. K. Ibrahim. "Functional bioactive compounds and biological activities of Spirulina platensis lipids." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 26, No. 3 (June 11, 2008): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2567-cjfs.

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The compositions and concentrations of lipid classes, fatty acids, tocopherols were determined in the lipids from blue-green microalga Spirulina platensis. Total lipids (TL) recovered using chloroform: methanol (2:1, v/v) were found to be 163.5 g/kg (on dry weight basis). The level of neutral lipids was the highest, followed by glycolipids and phospholipids, respectively. Among TL and lipid classes, palmitic, γ-linolenic and linoleic acids were the dominating fatty acids. Compared to the neutral lipids, the polar fractions were generally characterised by higher percentages of saturated fatty acids. The recovered lipids were characterised by high percentage of tocopherols, wherein γ-tocopherol constitutes about 73% of total tocopherols present, the rest being γ-tocopherol. Spirulina platensis lipids exhibited a strong radical scavenging activity towards stable DPPH free radicals, whereas 27% of DPPH radicals were quenched after 2 h incubation. TL and lipid classes inhibited the growth of different microorganisms except gram-negative bacteria. At high concentrations, the tested lipids appeared more effective against A. niger (28.3 ± 1.53 mm). The information obtained in the present investigation is useful for lipid characterisation and further chemical and nutritional investigations of Spirulina platensis.

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38

Urra, Cariti Dassa. "PENENTUAN NILAI EMISIVITAS WARNA MENGGUNAKAN PENERANGAN PADA MINIATUR RUANG BERBENTUK KUBUS." SILAMPARI JURNAL PENDIDIKAN ILMU FISIKA 2, no. 1 (November 2, 2020): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31540/sjpif.v2i1.1022.

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Penelitian dengan menggunakan miniature ruang berbentuk kubus ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai emisivitas warna ungu, hijau, dan biru. Dengan melakukan delapan tindakan mengganti daya lampu, dimulai dari lampu pijar 5 watt, 25 watt, 60 watt, 75 watt, 100 watt dan lampu TL putih 5 watt, 20 watt, dan 25 watt. Nilai emisivitas dapat dihitung dengan membandingkan nilai hambatan setiap warna terhadap nilai hambatan warna hitam Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai emisivitas warna ungu (purple comet) sebesar 0,91,emisivitas warna hijau (going green) sebesar 0,84, dan emisivitas warna biru (true blue) sebesar 0,77.

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39

Chen, Jian, Agnieszka Wendorff, Yue Li, and Johann K. Hitzler. "GATA1 mutations Outside the Blast Cell Population in Transient Leukemia of Down Syndrome." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 2562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.2562.2562.

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Abstract Abstract 2562 Background. Transient leukemia (TL), a disorder of fetal hematopoiesis, occurs in approximately 10% of infants with Down syndrome and in one fifth of cases is followed by the development of acute myeloid leukemia. The diagnosis of TL is based on the detection of a spontaneously resolving population of blasts in the peripheral blood of newborns with DS and, more recently, the detection of clone-specific somatic mutations of the hematopoietic transcription factor GATA1. The alternative terms for this condition, transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) and transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM), reflect the observation that the peripheral blood of affected infants frequently shows an expansion of immature granulocytic precursor cells at various stages of development as well as nucleated erythroid precursors in addition to a population of blast cells. We hypothesized that the immature myeloid precursor cells observed in TL arise from the same hematopoietic cell clone that is defined by the specific GATA1 mutation found in TL blasts. Methods. Cryopreserved mononuclear cells from peripheral blood samples of three male infants with TL of Down syndrome were stained at a density of 106 cells/100ul with the following antibodies: CD45-Alexa Flour 700, CD61-PE, CD11b-PE-Cy5, CD235a-PE-Cy7, CD3-APC, CD34-APC-Cy7, CD15-Pacific Blue. In addition, aliquots of these cell populations were fixed, permeabilized and stained with for intracellular myeloperoxidase (MPO-FITC). Fractions of cells corresponding to different hematopoietic lineages were prepared by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACSAriaII, BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) both as bulk populations and single cells (sorted into 96-well plates). Morphology of sorted cell populations was determined by Giemsa staining. Lineage-specific hematopoietic colonies were cultured from primary mononuclear cell samples in a standard CFC assay. DNA of sorted bulk and single cell populations as well as individual lineage-specific hematopoietic colonies was used to detect GATA1 mutations in exon 2 by PCR, restriction enzyme analysis or sequencing of PCR products, or nested PCR. The location of the GATA1 gene on the X chromosome and the use of samples derived from males meant that wild type GATA1 alleles were not derived from TL cells. Results. Primary TL blood samples could be fractionated in a blast cell (CD45+CD34+and/or CD61+), erythroid (CD45-CD235a+), immature myeloid (CD45+CD15+MPO+) and lymphoid (CD45+CD3+) cell population. Cell morphology was consistent with this sorting strategy. The cell fraction designed to enrich TL blasts in all cases showed the presence of cells harboring only the mutant GATA1 allele indicating a high degree of purity of the blast fraction. As expected, the lymphoid cell populations contained in the CD3+ fractions exclusively harbored wild type alleles. Similarly, both sorted erythroid cell populations and individual erythroid colonies (Bfu-E) derived from unsorted input cells harbored only wild type GATA1 alleles. In contrast, CD15+ and/or MPO+ myeloid cell fractions consistently showed the presence of both mutant and wild type GATA1 alleles. Quantification by single cell PCR is in progress. Conclusion. Somatic GATA1 mutations which result in the translation of a N-terminally truncated mutant protein (GATA1s), are pathognomonic for TL and myeloid leukemia of Down syndrome. Published data do not determine if the cell clone harboring GATA1 mutations in TL extends beyond the population of blast cells and megakaryocytic lineage. We confirmed the presence of GATA1 mutations in TL blasts and their expected absence from lymphoid cell populations. The absence of mutations from cells of erythroid lineage suggests that the altered GATA1 function induced by mutations found in TL is incompatible with erythroid differentiation. The detection of clone-specific GATA1 mutations in myeloid cells expressing MPO was unexpected and raises the possibility that either the progenitor cells giving rise to TL blasts or the blasts themselves retain myeloid lineage differentiation potential. The finding lends support to definitions of TL and myeloid leukemia in Down syndrome that are based on the specific mutational and cellular mechanism and transcend a megakaryoblastic blast phenotype. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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40

Yang, Qian, Junyu Zou, Yannanqi Li, and Shin-Tson Wu. "Fast-Response Liquid Crystal Phase Modulators with an Excellent Photostability." Crystals 10, no. 9 (August 29, 2020): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10090765.

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We report a new mixture, which is modified from Merck TL-216, for liquid-crystal-on-silicon spatial light modulators (SLMs). To achieve 2π phase change at λ = 633 nm with 5 V operation voltage, the measured response time is about 3 ms at 50 °C. Meanwhile, our mixture exhibits no sign of photodegradation and even the total dosage has exceeded 400 MJ/cm2 at a blue laser wavelength λ = 465 nm. In comparison, E7 died at about 30 MJ/cm2. Widespread applications of this material for high brightness SLMs, near-eye displays, and head-up displays are foreseeable.

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41

Le, H. K. "A Study on the Influence of Plasma Nitriding Technology Parameters on the Working Surface Deformation of Hypoid Gears." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 12, no. 6 (December 15, 2022): 9760–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5365.

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This paper presents the results of the research on the influence of plasma nitriding technology parameters on the working surface deformation of hypoid gears. Blue light technology with non-contact measuring devices is used to determine the working surface deformation of hypoid gears after plasma nitriding. The study has determined a regression equation showing the influence of plasma nitriding technology parameters on the deformation of the working surface of the hypoid gear. The minimum deformation optimization value at the planning area is 0.0071746 at permeation temperature TL=4.89oC, permeation time h=510h, and gas flow 1 G1=6.02L/h.

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42

Tian, Mingliang, Zhiqiang Mao, Yuheng Zhang, Jing Shi, and Decheng Tian. "Investigations of the breakdown transition, hysteresis, and periodic-pulse oscillation in Tl/W-doped blue bronzes." Physical Review B 49, no. 4 (January 15, 1994): 2306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.49.2306.

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43

Balescu, Sanda, and Michel Lamothe. "The blue emission of K-feldspar coarse grains and its potential for overcoming TL age underestimation." Quaternary Science Reviews 11, no. 1-2 (January 1992): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-3791(92)90041-6.

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44

Kirsh, Y., and P. D. Townsend. "Speculations on the blue and red bands in the TL emission spectrum of albite and microcline." International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements 14, no. 1-2 (January 1988): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-0189(88)90040-4.

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45

Baz, Mariana, Myeisha Paskel, Yumiko Matsuoka, James R. Zengel, Xing Cheng, John J. Treanor, Hong Jin, and Kanta Subbarao. "A Single Dose of an Avian H3N8 Influenza Virus Vaccine Is Highly Immunogenic and Efficacious against a Recently Emerged Seal Influenza Virus in Mice and Ferrets." Journal of Virology 89, no. 13 (April 22, 2015): 6907–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00280-15.

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ABSTRACTH3N8 influenza viruses are a commonly found subtype in wild birds, usually causing mild or no disease in infected birds. However, they have crossed the species barrier and have been associated with outbreaks in dogs, pigs, donkeys, and seals and therefore pose a threat to humans. A live attenuated, cold-adapted (ca) H3N8 vaccine virus was generated by reverse genetics using the wild-type (wt) hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes from the A/blue-winged teal/Texas/Sg-00079/2007 (H3N8) (tl/TX/079/07) wt virus and the six internal protein gene segments from thecainfluenza A virus vaccine donor strain, A/Ann Arbor/6/60ca(H2N2), the backbone of the licensed seasonal live attenuated influenza vaccine. One dose of the tl/TX/079/07cavaccine induced a robust neutralizing antibody response against the homologous (tl/TX/079/07) and two heterologous influenza viruses, including the recently emerged A/harbor seal/New Hampshire/179629/2011 (H3N8) and A/northern pintail/Alaska/44228-129/2006 (H3N8) viruses, and conferred robust protection against the homologous and heterologous influenza viruses. We also analyzed human sera against the tl/TX/079/07 H3N8 avian influenza virus and observed low but detectable antibody reactivity in elderly subjects, suggesting that older H3N2 influenza viruses confer some cross-reactive antibody. The latter observation was confirmed in a ferret study. The safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the tl/TX/079/07cavaccine in mice and ferrets support further evaluation of this vaccine in humans for use in the event of transmission of an H3N8 avian influenza virus to humans. The human and ferret serology data suggest that a single dose of the vaccine may be sufficient in older subjects.IMPORTANCEAlthough natural infection of humans with an avian H3N8 influenza virus has not yet been reported, this influenza virus subtype has already crossed the species barrier and productively infected mammals. Pandemic preparedness is an important public health priority. Therefore, we generated a live attenuated avian H3N8 vaccine candidate and demonstrated that a single dose of the vaccine was highly immunogenic and protected mice and ferrets against homologous and heterologous H3N8 avian viruses.

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46

Chithambo, M. L. "Phototransferred thermoluminescence of CaF₂: Principles, analytical methods, and mechanisms." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 5 (August 7, 2022): 055102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0091205.

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Phototransferred thermoluminescence (PTTL) of natural fluorite induced by 470 nm blue-, 525 nm green-, and 870 nm infrared light is reported. Although its conventional thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve measured during heating to 600 °C has six peaks, only five are reproduced under phototransfer. One of them corresponds to a hole trap. The sixth peak counterintuitively increases in intensity with illumination in a change suggestive of competition effects involving deep electron traps. The dependence of PTTL intensity on duration of illumination for each PTTL peak is analyzed using phenomenological and kinetic models as systems of acceptors and donors with the number of the latter informed by experiment. The intensity of PTTL increases with the temperature of illumination with an activation energy of thermal assistance of 0.14 ± 0.01 eV and decreases at elevated temperatures with an activation energy of thermal quenching of 1.1 ± 0.3 eV. The long-term behavior of time-response profiles and the interaction of holes with stimulated electrons as studied by stability theory show unstable critical points. Supplementary tests show that exposing CaF2 to UV illumination achieves the same effect as beta irradiation, and any resultant peaks relate to conventional TL rather than phototransfer.

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47

Biswas, R. H., B. C. Bhatt, and A. K. Singhvi. "Effect of optical bleaching on the dosimetric TL peak in Al2O3:C for blue and UV emissions." Radiation Measurements 59 (December 2013): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2013.10.003.

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48

Xue-mei, Wang, and Zhang Dian-lin. "Effects of impurities and temperature on the thermal hysteresis of Ohmic resistance in Tl-doped blue bronze." Physical Review B 54, no. 3 (July 15, 1996): 1443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.54.1443.

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49

Jordan, Elodie, Fabien Geoffray, Aude Bouchard, Elise Ghibaudo, and Jean-Emmanuel Broquin. "Development of Tl+/Na+ ion-exchanged single-mode waveguides on silicate glass for visible-blue wavelengths applications." Ceramics International 41, no. 6 (July 2015): 7996–8001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.02.146.

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50

Sungur, Şana, and Fatih Gülmez. "Determination of Metal Contents of Various Fibers Used in Textile Industry by MP-AES." Journal of Spectroscopy 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/640271.

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Анотація:

The concentrations of metals (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Tl, and Zn) in various textile fibers (cotton, acrylic, polyester, nylon, viscose, and polypropylene) of different colors (red, white, green, blue, yellow, orange, black, brown, purple, pink, navy, burgundy, beige, and grey) were determined by microwave plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (MP-AES). Textile fibers were collected from the various textile plants in Gaziantep-Kahramanmaraş, Turkey. Heavy metals concentrations in all examined textile fibers after wet digestion were found to be high, whereas in the artificial sweat extract they were low. The only lead concentrations in textile fibers analyzed after extraction in the artificial sweat solution were found higher than limit values given by Oeko-Tex.

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