Дисертації з теми "Blood samples and stains"
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Hwang, Suk-Moon. "Assessments of blood flow in portwine stains by laser Doppler flowmetry." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366897.
Повний текст джерелаAbu-Rabie, Paul. "Direct analysis of dried blood spot samples." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2015. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/18203/.
Повний текст джерелаHackett, Jeffery James. "Analysis of drugs in artificially aged blood samples." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515391.
Повний текст джерелаDel, Valle Mendoza Juana, Caso Wilmer Silva, Valdez Carmen Tinco, Maria J. Pons, Valle Luis J. Del, Oré Verónica Casabona, Michelena Denisse Champin, et al. "Diagnosis of Carrion’s Disease by Direct Blood PCR in Thin Blood Smear Negative Samples." Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/315714.
Повний текст джерелаDu, Preez Marlize. "A comparative study of ROTEM-EXTEM results obtained from EDTA-treated whole blood samples and Sodium Citrate-treated whole blood samples in healthy volunteers." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23399.
Повний текст джерелаSidiq, Farida P. "Identification of culture-negative fungi in blood and respiratory samples." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1393517514.
Повний текст джерелаAnderson, Rachel. "A review of the techniques for the forensic investigation and differentiation of human blood and decomposition fluid stains." Thesis, Anderson, Rachel (2016) A review of the techniques for the forensic investigation and differentiation of human blood and decomposition fluid stains. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/35107/.
Повний текст джерелаWellington, Emily. "Effects of Different Haematocrit Values on Estimation of Time since Deposition of Human Blood Stains Using Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy." Thesis, Wellington, Emily (2017) Effects of Different Haematocrit Values on Estimation of Time since Deposition of Human Blood Stains Using Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2017. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/37794/.
Повний текст джерелаHagardson, Karin. "Comparison of DNA isolation methods to detect Leishmania parasites in blood samples." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7014.
Повний текст джерелаLeishmaniasis is a disease affecting more than 12 million people worldwide. It is caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania, which is transmitted to humans and dog hosts through bites of infected sand flies belonging to genus Phlebotomine. Several studies have shown Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to be effective for the diagnosis of VL in clinical samples compared to the classical methods. The aims of this study were first to compare four different sample preparation methods for the PCR diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) using peripheral blood samples and furthermore to find a method that is sensitive, rapid, cost benefit, simple and easy to perform. Two preparation methods were compared for the isolation of leukocytes (with Ficoll and Tris –EDTA buffer) and two DNA isolation methods (with Proteinase K and QIAgen kit). From the methods that were compared, lysis of erythrocytes with TE and the QIAgen kit seems to be the most suitable to use.
Dinh, Louie. "Estimating cell type proportions in human cord blood samples from DNAm arrays." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/63224.
Повний текст джерелаScience, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate
Kuhle, Jens. "Towards quantifying axonal damage in blood samples from patients with neurological diseases." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2015. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/9085.
Повний текст джерелаGarpenfeldt, Katarina, and Erika Sjöström. "HYGIENE ROUTINES FOR NURSES WHEN TAKING BLOOD SAMPLES IN HIGH RISK AREAS." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24577.
Повний текст джерелаBackground: Healthcare related infections complicates the care of millions of people world wide every year and is shown more frequent in developing countries. How nurses follow basic hygiene routines has a great impact of the spreading of such infections. Collecting blood is an invasive procedure and even though it is a routine procedure for most nurses it can still be related to a great risk of exposure for both patient and performer.Objective: To observe and describe how nurses follow hygiene routines when collecting blood samples in areas with high prevalence of infection diseases.Methods: Empirically structured observational study with a qualitative approach, carried out in a hospital in Mpongwe district, Zambia. The result has been analyzed through manifest content analysis. Result: Basic hygiene routines were often not followed when collecting blood specimen in the hospital who served as setting for this study. A majority of the nurses did not wash and disinfect hands in accordance with guidelines recognized by the hospital. Protective equipment was often not used, at all, or in a correct way even when available. The environment did not promote hygiene routines when collecting samples. Conclusion: The result indicate a need for more financial means as well as more persistent education and campaigning regarding the importance of preforming hygiene routines when collecting blood samples. This to promote a change in performance and attitudes among staff members regarding the importance of those routines.
Gomes, Cláudia, Puchol Sandra Martinez, Maria J. Pons, Jorge Bazán, Carmen Tinco, Valle Mendoza Juana Mercedes Del, and Joaquim Ruiz. "Evaluation of PCR Approaches for Detection of Bartonella bacilliformis in Blood Samples." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/605279.
Повний текст джерелаZivanovic, Aleksandar. "The development of a haptic robot to take blood samples from the forearm." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341893.
Повний текст джерелаKhabazbashi, Sara. "Analytical Standard Free Semi-Quantification of OH-PCBs in human blood serum samples." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84442.
Повний текст джерелаHira, Kenji. "Pseudohyperkalemia due to Recentrifugation of Blood Samples after Storage in Gel Separator Tubes." Kyoto University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150559.
Повний текст джерелаKyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(医学)
甲第8860号
医博第2363号
新制||医||768(附属図書館)
UT51-2001-F190
京都大学大学院医学研究科内科系専攻
(主査)教授 一山 智, 教授 内山 卓, 教授 福井 次矢
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Lamanda, Ariana Corinne. "Alternating Current Electrokinetic Manipulation and Concentration of Free Circulating DNA from Blood Samples." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/332828.
Повний текст джерелаLANDINI, Nicolo'. "BLOOD, CELLS AND TISSUES: SENSOR STUDY ON HUMAN SAMPLES, FOR ONCOLOGICAL SCREENING PURPOSES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2487921.
Повний текст джерелаLa richiesta di strumenti in grado di identificare efficientemente la presenza di biomarcatori nel corpo umano, funzionali al rilevamento una grande varietà di patologie, è in progressivo aumento. Questa necessità è generata nella comunità scientifica dalla pressante richiesta dello sviluppo di protocolli di screening affidabili, in grado di migliorare la capacità di identificazione di patologie ancora non in stadio terminale o comunque dannoso per l’organismo. Gli obiettivi principali di questo approccio risiedono in un miglioramento generale della prevenzione medicale, ed in una conseguente riduzione delle spese per la cura di patologie per i sistemi sanitari nazionali. Sensori nanostrutturati chemoresistivi a semiconduttori, in grado di variare la propria conduttanza a seconda delle reazioni chimiche tra la loro superficie e gli analiti gassosi, hanno dimostrato in passato di essere una scelta papabile per la ricerca oncologica (esiste grande riscontro in letteratura scientifica trattante i composti organici volatili per il rivelamento tumorale), e in questo lavoro sono proposti come unità sensibili per dispositivi per lo screening. In questa tesi, un prototipo ospitante un array di sensori ad ossidi, metallici e non, è stato testato per individuare la presenza di marker tumorali esalati da tre differenti tipologie di campioni: sangue umano, tessuti umani da operazioni chirurgiche, e colture cellulari di diversa natura. In tutti gli esperimenti, questi agenti chimici sono stati convogliati ai sensori tramite un circuito per il flusso d’aria, dotato di filtri antibatterici per mantenere la sterilità del sistema. Le risposte sono state poi acquisite, processate e rappresentate graficamente grazie a dei software realizzati in Labview®. Lo studio statistico di questi segnali è stato effettuato mediante approccio a singolo sensore e l’Analisi delle Componenti Principali. Test sono stati effettuati su colture cellulari osservando che, avendo un solo tipo di cellule coinvolte nell’esalazione dei marcatori, fosse possibile differenziare quelle provenienti da coltura primaria e quelle da linee immortalizzate o tumorali, nonché la possibilità di discriminare anche tra diverse tipologie di cellule, una volta piastrate nello stesso momento ma mantenenti diverso metabolismo. Per ciò che riguarda i test sui campioni sanguigni, sia soggetti maschili che femminili aventi età tra 21 e 91 anni si sono prestati allo studio. I donatori sono stati pazienti affetti da cancro a colon-retto e stomaco, a differenti stadi evolutivi, e/o aventi metastasi localizzate differentemente, posti a confronto con un gruppo di controllo avente medesimi generi ed età. Il prototipo è stato in grado di distinguere tra campioni provenienti da individui affetti da tumori o sani. I risultati ottenuti hanno inoltre mostrato una correlazione tra l’ampiezza delle risposte ed il livello di crescita e vascolarizzazione del tumore, così come una decrescita nel post-screening operatorio a pazienti dopo intervento o chemioterapia. Infine, per i tessuti umani, test sono stati effettuati su campioni provenienti dall’area affetta dal tumore e su quella sana circostante ad esso (durante la rimozione chirurgia, parti del tessuto sano sono inevitabilmente rimosse assieme al cancro stesso; inoltre per alcuni tipi di tumori, come quello al colon-retto, la rimozione di tessuto sano a valle e a monte del tumore è volontaria da parte del chirurgo, così da evitare il field effect, che può diffondere la patologia anche dopo la rimozione della neoplasia originale). I donatori sono stati pazienti già registrati per operazioni chirurgiche, per via di patologie da cui già erano affetti. L’età dei donatori, di sesso maschile e femminile, va da 41 a 91 anni. I risultati sui tessuti umani mostrano che i sensori distinguono tra soggetti sani e affetti da tumori, con i campioni testati dopo due ore e mezza dall’estrazione chirurgica.
Lough, Patricia Schechter. "Use of urine samples for ethanol analysis." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/446.
Повний текст джерелаBerger, Andrew Joshua 1969. "Measurement of analytes in human serum and whole blood samples by near-infrared Raman spectroscopy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10130.
Повний текст джерелаSavage, Ian Francis. "The development of the methodology for the analysis of trace elements in clinical samples using TXRF." Thesis, University of Hull, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301637.
Повний текст джерелаLindegård, Boel. "Determination of amines and amine N-oxides in biological samples, particularly with supported liquid membranes for sample pretreatment." Lund : Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39111862.html.
Повний текст джерелаShenashen, M. A., and S. A. El-Safty. "Visual Detection and Recovery of Mercury in Water and Blood Samples Using Nano-membrane Tubular Architectures." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/42664.
Повний текст джерелаGomes, C. S. P., W. Silva, C. Tinco, Puchol S. Martinez, Maria J. Pons, Jorge Bazan, Valle Mendoza Juana Del, J. Ruiz, and Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC). "Evaluation of three PCR schemes for detection of Bartonella bacilliformis in blood samples: sensitivity, specificity and applicability." Elsevier B.V, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/347086.
Повний текст джерела16th International Congress on Infectious Diseases (ICID), 2014. 2-5 de Abril 2014. Cape Town, South Africa
Background: Bartonella bacilliformis is the etiological agent of Carrion’s disease, a neglected illness with a febrile lethal stage and a warty benign phase, being the human the only known reservoir. The diagnostic by microscopy in endemic areas is several times erroneous. Furthermore, the culture of this bacterium is time-consuming, being the diagnostic by PCR the easiest way to perform a correct diagnostic. The objective of this study was to evaluate the detection limit of three PCR schemes, designed to detect B.bacilliformis, both in blood and filter papers to test their potential use for transferring samples from endemic areas to reference centers. Moreover, the specificity was also observed as well as the applicability of the technique with clinical samples from different stages of the disease. Methods & Materials: Fragments of 16SrRNA and fla genes were amplified as well as the variable-intergenic region (its). The detection limit was determined by bacterial quantification with flow cytometry and performing dilutions (106cfu/ml-10cfu/ml) both in blood and filter papers. DNA was extracted and PCRs were performed. Specificity was tested by processing other bacteraemia microorganisms. Clinical samples, 12 from febrile patients, 13 from warty and 71 from healthy asymptomatic individuals living in endemic area(Mandinga-Cajamarca) were also processed. Results: The 16SrRNA PCR scheme showed the lower detection limit (5 cfu from blood and filter paper) being the PCR scheme chosen to be tested in clinical samples. All febrile patients’ samples were positive, whereas in warty individuals only 3(23%) faint bands were obtained. No amplification was obtained in samples from healthy people. Fainter bands were always obtained when PCRs were made of filter papers. All PCRs were specific for B.bacilliformis. Conclusion: The 16SrRNA PCR seems to be the best technique to detect feverish patients. However, the applicability to identify asymptomatic carriers was undetermined. Filter paper may be an alternative for easy transportation of samples but is need to consider the decreasing sensitivity of the results. It is critical to develop rapid, sensitive and specific technique capable of being applied in endemic rural areas, to avoid misdiagnosis and facilitate the detection of asymptomatic carriers that will allow progress towards the eradication of this disease.
ASTOLFI, MICHELE. "Use of Nanostructured Chemoresistive Sensors to Detect Tumor Cells, Analyzing Blood and Biopsy Samples and Development of a More Sophisticated Electronic Device for Sensors." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2488019.
Повний текст джерелаColorectal cancer (CRC) is, nowadays, a severe problem of public health, counting the 10% of all the tumors annually diagnosed worldwide and of their strictly related deaths. On this basis, the non-invasive tumoral markers recognition and monitoring represent a strongly shared research topic in the whole world scientific community. The detection of these markers represents a crucial aspect in field of tumor prevention, allowing to improve the current screening protocols. The establishment of a reliable and accurate novel screening protocol might promote the early-stage tumor detection, enhancing the healing probability. This thesis reports a three-year work, aimed to reveal the volatile tumor-markers (VOCs) exhaled by CRC-affected cells (mainly produced by their membrane peroxidation and altered metabolism), by means of thick-film nanostructured chemoresistive metal-oxide sensors. With this aim, a wide range of diverse biological samples have been investigated, such as feces, blood, tumor tissues, and immortalized cells, by using the innovative patented devices: SCENT B1 (Italian patent n° 102015000057717) and SCENT A1 (Italian patent n° RM2014A000595, European patent n° 3210013), both hosting an array of different sensors based on different active material blends (mixtures of tin, titanium, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, vanadium oxides). The sensor choice for the bio-medical field applications has been performed after several laboratory tests (at Laboratorio Sensori, Department of Physics, University of Ferrara), highlighting the sensor suitability for VOC-detection with the best compromise between sensitivity and specificity parameters. The attained results have been rather encouraging, highlighting the capability of sensors of distinguishing among feces, blood, and tumor tissues collected from CRC-affected subjects and the healthy subject ones, taken as controls (young and without relevant risk factors), by comparing the sensor response patterns. The tests carried out on immortalized cells underlined the dependence of the sensor responses on the cells type, on their initial plating concentration and on the incubation period length (24-48-72 hours). Moreover, the renewed SCENT device has been described (Chapter 5). It starts from the enclosure re-design (with consequent internal spaces rearrangement) and follows with the electronic system and management software re-design and production. The electronic system (most renewed device part) has been readapted exploiting the last generation electronic components, that exhibit a very low electronic noise and an excellent signal-to-noise ratio. Their employment, besides improving the device stability and reliability, allays the internal device overheating. Finally, a new study has been started at the end of 2020, aimed to carry out a follow-up protocol for CRC patients. It consists in the analysis of four blood samples during the post-surgery period. This process should allow a dynamic monitoring of the patient health status and the detection of possible relapses.
Louw, Anne-Rika. "Development and validation of stabilized whole blood samples expressing T-cell activation markers as quality control reference material." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21671.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Flow cytometry has progressively replaced many traditional laboratory tests due to its greater accuracy, sensitivity and rapidity in the routine clinical settings especially clinical trails. It is a powerful tool for the measuring of chemical (the fluorochrome we add) and physical (size and complexity) characteristics of individual cells. As these instruments became major diagnostic and prognostic tools, the need for more advanced quality control, standardized procedures and proficiency testing programs increased as these instrumentations and their methodology evolve. Minor instrument settings can affect the reliability, reproducibility and sensitivity of the cytometer and should be monitored and documented in order to ensure identical conditions of measurement on a daily basis. This can be accomplished by following an Internal Quality Assurance (IQA) and/ or External Quality Assurance (EQA) program. Currently there are no such programs available in South Africa and poorer Africa countries. HIV is a global concern and the laboratories and clinics in these places are in need of such IQA programs to ensure quality of their instrumentation and accurate patient results. Quality assurance programs such as CD Chex® and UK Nequas are available but due to bad sample transport, leave the receiving laboratories with nightmares. It would be best if there was a laboratory in South Africa that could provide the surrounding laboratories with stabilized whole blood samples that can be utilized as IQA. The transport of these samples can be more efficient due to shorter distance and thus the temperature variations limited. Aims and Objectives: The aim of Chapter one is to familiarize the reader with general terminology and concepts of immunology. Chapter two describes in detail the impact stabilized whole blood had on clinical immunology concerning Quality Control and Quality Assurance. The objective of this study is to stabilize whole blood with a shelf life of greater than 30 days to serve as reference control material for South African Immunophenotyping. It is further an objective to use these in-house stabilized control samples for poorer African countries as Internal Quality Assurance reference material. It is a still further objective to stimulate various lymphocyte subsets to express activation antigens and then stabilize these cells for more specialized immunological test and can serve as a QC for those required samples. Study design: In Chapter three, the method currently used to stabilize whole blood was modified. The stability of different concentrations of a first stabilizing agent (Chromium Chloride hexahydrate) was investigated. Incubation periods and concentrations of paraformaldehyde as second stabilizing agent were investigated. Blood samples from healthy individuals (n=10) were stabilized and monitored for the routine HIV phenotypic surface antigens over a period of 40 days. These samples (n=10) were compared on the Becton Dickinson Biosciences (BD) FACSCalibur™ versus BD FACSCount™ instrumentation. Blood samples (n=3) were stabilized and monitored to identify phenotypic cell surface molecules for as long as possible. They were quantified on both flow cytrometric instruments. In addition, these stabilized samples (n=3) were investigated as control blood for calibration purposes on the BD FACSCount™ instrument. In Chapter four, lymphocytes were isolated and activated with various stimuli to express sufficient activation antigens such as CD25, CD69, HLA-DR and CD40 Ligand on the T helper cell surfaces. These activated antigens were analyzed on the BD FACSCalibur™ and further stabilized to serve as possible IQA samples in future. Results: In Chapter three, the ten individual stabilized samples had non-significant P values (P > 0.05) for CD3, CD4 and CD8 percentages and absolute values comparing day 3 until day 40. Comparing the BD FACSCalibur™ versus BD FACSCount™, resulted in a R2 = 0.9848 for CD4 absolute values and a R2 = 0.9636 for CD8 absolute values. Stabilized blood samples (n=3) were monitored for routine HIV phenotypic markers until day 84. The cells populations were easily identifiable and could be quantified on both BD FACSCalibur™ and BD FACSCount™ instruments. In Chapter four; for the activation study purposes, activated T helper lymphocytes expressed approximately 25 to 35% CD40 Ligand cell surface molecules. The stimulant of choice was Ionomycin at a 4μM concentration. Cells were incubated for four hours at 37 degree Celsius in a 5% CO2 environment. For CD69 surface expression, 6 hour incubation was optimum. The stimulus of choice in this case was 4μM Ionomycin which induced 84.21% CD69 expression in the test samples. For CD25 expression; 6 hour incubation with PHA resulted in approximately 43% of CD25 expression. For HLA-DR surface expression; 6 hour incubation with PHA resulted in approximately 43.32% of HLA-DR expression. Activated lymphocytes expressing CD40 Ligand showed stability until day 23. Activated Lymphocytes expressing CD69, CD25 and HLA-DR were stabilized in the same manner and stability could be achieved until day 16. Conclusion: This thesis was related to the preparation of control samples (IQA) designed to simulate whole blood having defined properties in clinical laboratory situations. In future kits can be developed with a low, medium and high control sample for the various immunological phenotypic determinants. Another kit can be compiled where various activation markers can be identified, quantified with a “zero”, low and high control. These whole blood IQA kits and “activation IQA kits” can be implemented for training of newly qualified staff, competency testing of staff, method development, software testing, panel settings and instrument setting testing. Control samples ideally must have a number of properties in order to be effective. For instance stability during storage times, preferably lasting more than a few weeks, reproducibility and ease of handling. These will provide the information on day-to-day variation of the technique or equipment which will enhance accuracy and improve patient care.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding: Vloeisitometrie tegnologie het verskeie tradisionele laboratorium toetse vervang as gevolg van beter akuraadheid, sensitiwiteit en vinniger beskikbaarheid van resultate in ‘n kliniese omgewing, veral kliniese proewe. Vloeisitometrie is ‘n kragtige tegniek om chemiese (fluorokroom byvoeging) en fisiese (sel grote en kompleksiteit) karakter eienskappe van individuele selle te meet. Met die toename in gebruik en gewildheid van hiedie instrumente, neem die behoefde toe vir gevorderde kwaliteit kontroles, gestandardiseerde prosedures, met profesionele toets programme tesame met metode ontwikkeling. Klein verstellings aan instrument parameters beinvloed die betroubaarheid, herhaalbaarheid en sensitiwiteit van ‘n sitometer en moet gemonitor (en dokumenteer) word om identiese kondisies van leesings op ‘n daaglikse basis te verseker. Dit kan bereik word deur in te skakel met ‘n interne kwaliteits versekerings program [IQA: “Internal Quality Control”] en/of ‘n eksterne kwaliteits versekerings program [EQA: “External Quality Control”] te volg. Op die oomblik is daar geen sulke kwaliteits versekerings programme in Suid Afrika en/of in die verarmende Afrika lande beskikbaar nie. MIV is ‘n wêreldwye bekommernis en laboratoriums en klinieke in hierdie gedeeltes van die land verlang ‘n dringende behoefdte vir sulke “IQA” programme om kwaliteit van instrumentasie en akkurate pasiënt resultate te verseker wat tot beter behandeling van pasiënte lei. Kwaliteit versekerings programme soos “CD Chex®” en “UK Nequas” is beskikbaar, maar baie probleme met verwysing na monster integriteit as gevolg van tydsame vervoer en aflewering kondisies word hiermee geassosieër. Die behoefte het ontstaan vir ‘n laboratorium in Suid Afrika wat direk die omliggende laboratoriums, hospitale en klinieke kan voorsien met gestabiliseerde blood monsters wat gebruik kan word as “IQA”. Die vervoer en aflewerings kondisies van hierdie monsters sal aansienlik verbeter as gevolg van die korter aflewerings afstand wat direk die beperkte temperatuur wisseling beinvloed. Doel van studie: Die doelwit van hoofstuk een is om vir die leser ‘n inleiding te gee tot terminologie en konsepte van immunologie en die immune sisteem. Hoofstuk twee beskyf die impak wat gestabiliseerde heelbloed het op die kliniese immunologie met betrekking tot kwaliteit beheer en kwaliteit versekering. Die doelwit van hierdie studie is om heelbloed te stabiliseer sodat die rakleeftyd meer as 30 dae is en sodoende as verwysings-materiaal kontroles vir Suid Afrikaanse immunofenotipering kan dien. Dit is ‘n verdere doelwit om hierdie tuis-gestabiliseerde kontrole monsters te gebruik as “IQA” verwysings materiaal in verarmende Afrika lande. Die doelwit van hoofstuk vier is om limfosiete te stimuleer om verskeie aktiverings merkers uit te druk op hul selmembrane en dan te stabiliseer en dié te gebruik as Kwaliteits Kontroles vir die meer gespesialiseerde immunologiese toetse. Studie ontwerp: Hoofstuk drie beskryf ‘n aangepaste en verbeterde metode van heel bloed stabiliseering. Stabiliteit word ondersoek in ‘n verskyndenheid konsentrasies van ‘n primêre stabiliseerings agent (chromium chloried heksahidraat) en inkubasie periodes met paraformaldehied as tweede stabiliseerings agent word deeglik gedokumenteer. Bloedmonsters van gesonde indiwidië (n=10) was gestabiliseer en gemonitor vir roetine MIV membraanoppervlak antigene oor ‘n periode van 40 dae. Hierdie monsters (n=10) was gelees en geanaliseer op ‘n BD FACSCalibur™ en vergelyk met ‘n BD FACSCount™ vloeisitometer instrument. Drie gestabiliseerde heelbloed monsters (n=3) was gemonitor vir ‘n periode vir so lank moontlik die fenotipiese selmembraan molekules identifiseerbaar was en die kwantiteit bepaalbaar was. Hierdie drie monsters was gemeet op beide instrumente. As ‘n addisionele doelwit, was hierdie drie gestabiliseerde monsters ondersoek om as moontlike kalibrasie materiaal (verteenwoordig ‘n normale bloedmonster) te dien vir die BD FACSCount™ instrument in die oggende voor pasiënt monsters gelees kan word. In hoofstuk vier was limfosiete geϊsoleer en geaktiveer met ‘n verskyndenheid stimulante om optimale aktiveerings-antigene uit te druk op T helper selmembrane (byvoorbeeld CD25, CD69, HLA-DR en CD40 Ligand). Hierdie geaktiveerde monsters was geanaliseer op die BD FACSCalibur™ en daarna gestabiliseer. Na stabilisasie van die geaktiveerde limfosiet monsters was dit gemonitor oor ‘n tydperk so lank moontlik data plotte leesbaar en selpopulasies identifiseerbaar was. Hierdie monsters kan dien as ‘n moontlike “IQA” toets stel vir ‘n meer gespesialiseerde immunologiese aktiveerings kontrole doeleindes. Resultate: In hoofstuk drie; tien individiële gestabiliseerde heelbloed monsters het gedui op geen-beduidende P waardes (P > 0.05) vir CD3, CD4 en CD8 persentasies en absolute waardes; gemeet vanaf DAG 3 vergelykbaar tot-en-met DAG 40. Met korrelasie statistiek en vergelyking van die BD FACSCalibur™ met die FACSCount™ instrumente, is die volgende opgemerk; R2 = 0.9848 vir die CD4 absolute waardes en ‘n R2 = 0.9636 vir die CD8 absolute waardes. Drie gestabiliseerde monsters (n=3) was gemonitor vir MIV roetine fenotipeering tot en met DAG 84. Die selpopulasies was duidelik identifiseerbaar en die kwantitatief meetbaar op albei instrumente (BD FACSCalibur™ en BD FACSCount™). Hoofstuk vier: geaktiveerde T helper lymphosiete het 25 – 35% membraan CD40 Ligand uitgedruk op hul selmembrane. Die stimulant van keuse was ionomysien teen ‘n optimale konsentrasie van 4μM. Die optimale inkubasie tydperk was vier ure by 37°C in 5% CO2 kondisie. Ses uur inkubasie in 4μM ionomysien by 37°C in ‘n 5% CO2 omgewing was optimal vir die CD69 selmembraan uitdrukking en het 84.21% opgelewer. Vir CD25 selmembraan uitdrukking was die selle vir ses ure met phietoheamagglutinin (PHA) gestimuleer by 37°C in 5% CO2 kondisie en het 43% CD25 selmembraan uitdrukking opgelewer. HLA-DR selmembraan uitdrukking: selle was vir ses ure saam met PHA by 37°C in 5% CO2 kondisie inkubeer en het 43.32% opgelewer. CD40 Ligand aktivering/gestabiliseerde limfosiete het tot en met dag 23 stabiliteit getoon. Die ligand was duidelik identifiseerbaar en kwantifiseerbaar. Geaktiveerde lymphosiete wat CD69, CD25 en HLA-DR selmembraan merkers uitdruk het na die stabiliseerings proses stabiliteit getoon tot-en-met dag 16. Gevolgtrekking: Die doel van hierdie studie was om verwysingskontroles voor te berei sodat dit vars heelbloed naboots met uitkenbare eienskappe vir kliniese situasies. ‘n Toets kontrolestel met verwysings materiaal vir drie vlakke (byvoorbeeld ‘n lae, medium en hoë kontrole) absolute selwaardes en persentasies kan voorberei word vir roetine immunologiese fenotiperings merkers (CD3/CD4/CD8/CD45). Meer gespesialiseerde kontrolestelle vir meer spesifieke doeleindes kan opgemaak word wat ‘n verskydenheid van limfosiet aktiveringsmerkers bevat met byvoorbeeld ‘n “nul”, lae en hoë verwysings kontrole daarin. Hierdie heelbloed kan dien as “aktiveerde interne kwaliteits verwysings materiaal” en kan gebruik word om nuut aangestelde laboratorium werkers en nuut gekwalifiseerde studente op te lei. Hierdie verwysings materiaal / kontroles kan aangewend word vir bevoegdheids doeleindes (byvoorbeeld vir SANAS akkreditasie doeleindes), vir metode ontwikkeling, vir sagteware toetsing, vir paneel opstelling en instrument verstellings doeleindes. Die kontroles moet ‘n verskydenheid eienskappe bevat om effektief te wees. Byvoorbeeld, stabiliteit tydens storing, gewenslik meer as ‘n paar weke, herhaalbaar en maklik handteerbaar. Hierdie kontroles sal inligting voorsien op ‘n daaglikse basis tydens wisseling van tegnieke of instrumentasie wat akuraatheid beinvloed en op die ou-end direk pasiënt versorging bevoordeel.
Rapholo, Akanyang Annah Faithful. "Comparing diene derivatisation methods of dry blood spot samples for vitamin D metabolites quantification by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/63038.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Pharmacology
MSc
Unrestricted
Sandin, Emma. "Optimization of the In vitro Pyrogen Test (IPT) Regarding Detection of Pyrogens in Air Samples." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54297.
Повний текст джерелаPyrogener kallas ämnen som framkallar feber och de kan exempelvis bestå av hela eller delar av bakterier, virus eller svamp (fungi). En metod som kallas för in vitro pyrogen test (IPT) har utvecklats för att detektera dessa pyrogener. Metoden bygger på att en lösning som misstänks innehålla pyrogener får komma i kontakt med blod från en människa. Efter en inkubering på mellan 4-24 timmar har blodet reagerat på eventuella pyrogener och bildat cytokiner, där mängden cytokiner är proportionell mot mängden pyrogener. De intressanta cytokinerna i den här studien var IL-1β och TNF-α, som båda är involverade i feberprocessen. Det har varit svårigheter med att standardisera metoden, mycket beroende på att det är levande celler som hela metoden bygger på, så syftet med den här studien var att förbättra in vitro pyrogen test. Luftprover tagna i inomhusmiljöer som misstänks innehålla pyrogener har använts i försöken att optimera varje steg i processen. De olika stegen inkluderade extraktion av filter som använts vid luftprovtagningen, inkubering med helblod och provextrakt och analys av inkuberingen med ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Några av de parametrar som undersöktes gällde extraktionsmedium, skaktid och skakintensitet under extraktionen, blodförhållande under helblodsinkuberingen och lämpliga cytokiner för metoden. Studien resulterade i att en metodik, för att analysera luftprov innehållande pyrogener med in vitro pyrogen test, kunde tas fram.
NAITO, MARIKO, HIDETAKA EGUCHI, RIEKO OKADA, YOSHIKO ISHIDA, KAZUKO NISHIO, ASAHI HISHIDA, KENJI WAKAI, AKIKO TAMAKOSHI, and NOBUYUKI HAMAJIMA. "CONTROLS FOR MONITORING THE DETERIORATION OF STORED BLOOD SAMPLES IN THE JAPAN MULTI-INSTITUTIONAL COLLABORATIVE COHORT STUDY (J-MICC STUDY)." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10549.
Повний текст джерелаNaven, Marc. "Development of a pipeline and protocols for next generation sequencing of blood and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumour DNA samples." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/91435/.
Повний текст джерелаWinkler, I. A. "Preliminary screening of mixed organic solvent-derived alcohols in human blood samples by a non-specific forensic gas chromatography method." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18530.
Повний текст джерелаVuko, Loyiso Abongile Marvin. "Post-mortem toxicogenetics: determining the suitable of blood samples collected for routine toxicological analyses for use in subsequent genetic analyses." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29525.
Повний текст джерелаMonjardez, Geraldine. "The feasibility of Fourier transform infrared imaging spectroscopy in discriminating benign prostatic hyperplasia from prostate cancer in blood serum samples." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-feasibility-of-fourier-transform-infrared-imaging-spectroscopy-in-discriminating-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-from-prostate-cancer-in-blood-serum-samples(b0fbd4e3-4a23-4696-a480-c83be32a671c).html.
Повний текст джерелаMortensen, Magnus. "Method for quantification of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Sr and Zn in low concentrated whole blood samples using ICP-AES." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kemi - BMC, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-386069.
Повний текст джерелаFerrer, Esquivel Daniela. "The contribution of 11 measurable Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in extractable organofluorine in Swedish blood samples: a case study." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-75688.
Повний текст джерелаGhoncheh, Shahin. "Measurement of ethanol in microdialysis samples by means of enzymatic assay using alcohol dehydrogenase and NAD." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18812.
Повний текст джерелаUppsatsnivå: D
Dernfalk, Johanna. "Multiplex flow cytometric assays for markers of inflammation : development and application in bovine samples /." Uppsala : Dept. of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/20085.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAguilar, Lara Pedro Alexis, and Gonzales Jhon Jobany Tueros. "Detección de defectos en telas poliéster utilizando técnicas de procesamiento de imágenes." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2015. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/1290.
Повний текст джерелаMusiyandaka, Fungisai Lorraine. "Assessment of the suitability of blood samples collected for toxicological analysis for subsequent genetic analysis: A follow-up study one year later." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30930.
Повний текст джерелаTikhonoff, Valerie. "Blood pressure and metabolic phenotypes in relation to SAH gene variants and ADRB1 Arg389Gly and ADRAB2 I/D polymorphisms in white family-based population samples." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425992.
Повний текст джерелаHansson, Helena. "A Novel Miniaturised Dynamic Hollow-Fibre Liquid-Phase Micro-Extraction Method for Xenobiotics in Human Plasma Samples." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för analytisk kemi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-41742.
Повний текст джерелаAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Manuscript.
Andersson, Eva. "TaqMan® Sample-to-SNP Kit™ : evaluation of kit for low-cost and fast preparing of DNA-samples before genotype analysis." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-105963.
Повний текст джерелаOberholster, Lucas. "The Development and Validation of a Direct LC-MS/MS Assay for the Determination of Tenofovir-diphosphate in Dried Blood Spots for the Analysis of Clinical Samples." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31191.
Повний текст джерелаRathore, Dildar S. "Genotoxic effects of oestrogens and nano-NSAIDs: Genotoxic effects of oestrogens in vivo and nano- and bulk forms of NSAIDs on blood samples from prostate cancer patients." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/13822.
Повний текст джерелаCamelier, Marli Teresinha Viapiana. "Diagnóstico de mucopolissacaridose tipo IVA em amostras de sangue impregnado em papel filtro." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/30961.
Повний текст джерелаINTRODUCTION: Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) are lysosomal deposit diseases characterized by lysosomal enzymes deficiency involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The abnormal accumulation of these macromolecules inside the lysosomes provokes structural and functional alterations multi-systemically and progressively. The accumulated GAGs are also excreted in the urine, where they may be identified through many different biochemical methods. These diseases occur among all ethnical groups and the combined incidence of MPS is estimated at 1:10.000 to 1:25.000 live births. (Baehner, 2005). The MPS’ cause is the deficiency of a specific enzyme in the GAGs degradation route. The MPS are classified according to a type of substrate accumulated (GAGs) and the deficiency of a specific enzyme. In Morquio syndrome A or Mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA (MPS IVA), the accumulated substrate is the keratan sulfate and the deficient enzyme is the N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase (GALNS). The patients affected by MPS IVA present short stature, dysostosis multiplex, corneal opacity, among others signs and symptoms. The cognitive and mental developments are normal. The MPS initial detection method is based on the identification of the GAGs which are excreted in the patients’ urine. The presence of the keratan sulphate in the electrophoresis or the detection of the increased levels in the quantitative dosage directs the laboratory investigation to MPS IV. The definitive diagnosis is established through measuring the enzymatic activity in leukocytes or fibroblasts, in which the enzymatic deficiency is proved. OBJECTIVE: This study’s main purpose is to offer an original, simpler, faster and more accessible method for biochemical diagnosis of Mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA using dried blood samples (DBS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: DBS and leukocytes from 35 patients from both sexes between 3 and 47 years of age with previously established diagnosis of MPS IVA through the conventional method in leukocytes and/or fibroblasts were analyzed. In order to establish reference values DBS and leukocytes samples from 54 healthy people (18-50 years of age) from both sexes were studied. After signing a paper consent form, peripheral blood samples from patients and controls were collected for obtaining leukocytes and dried blood samples (DBS). To validate the method, we made a simultaneous GALNS assay in leukocytes and DBS. RESULTS: The results obtained in the enzymatic assays from all patients presenting MPS IVA confirmed the deficiency of enzymatic activity in both materials (leukocytes and DBS) with a significant statistical difference in relation to the control group. (Mann-Witney U tes, p< 0,001). In this study, the quantity of GALNS in DBS allowed the identification of patients with MPS IVA with sensibility of 100%. The stability tests indicate that DBS samples collected for measuring the activity of GALNS must be kept at 4ºC whenever possible, being stable in this temperature for more than 30 days. CONCLUSION: In the used conditions, DBS were adequate for a safe identification of patients with MPS type IVA. The method which utilizes DBS is cheaper and faster, what simplifies the collection and transportation stage and can be used to detect affected patients especially in difficult access areas for the collection and transportation of liquid samples.
Setoyama, Takeshi. "Development of novel bioassay for the measurement of bioactive insulin-like growth factors in blood samples and treatment strategy targeting the bioactive insulin-like growth factors for non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/204576.
Повний текст джерелаGuerrini, K. "DEVELOPMENT OF A LC/MS-MS METHOD FOR THE STUDY OF THE RATIOS BETWEEN MORPHINE, MORPHINE-3-beta-D-GLUCURONIDE AND MORPHINE-6-beta-D-GLUCURONIDE IN BLOOD SAMPLES FROM HEROIN FATALITIES"." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/170503.
Повний текст джерелаSantos, Joana Rita Faneca. "TAU Thr231 phosphorylation as a potential Alzheimer's disease biomarker." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22056.
Повний текст джерелаAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of extracellular amyloid plaques (senile plaques) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles formed by hyperphosphorylated TAU protein. TAU protein when hyperphosphorylated loses the ability to bind to microtubules and can be released into peripheral fluids. This process leads to neuronal degradation and neuronal death. Phosphorylation at threonine 231 has been shown to be specific for AD and to precede assembly of paired helical filaments in the human brain. In order to understand more about this residue we analysed SH-SY5Y cells undifferentiated and in differentiated cells induced by retinoic acid (RA). Treatment with RA increased expression of TAU phosphorylated at Thr231 (TAUpThr231) as determined by Western blot analysis. We further explored TAU phosphorylation by immunocytochemistry and noticed that in undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells, TAUpThr231 was located mainly in the nucleus. In contrast, TAU and TAUpThr231 was redistributed to the neurites and in the soma of SH-SY5Y cells, which were induced to differentiate by retinoic acid (RA). In order to evaluate the potential of TAUpThr231 as a biomarker, we measured TAUpThr231 in CSF by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay and observed that the ratio of TAUpThr231/TAU levels discriminated significantly the AD group for the non-AD group. These findings indicate that TAUpThr231/t-TAU ratio levels may be a valuable marker for the clinical diagnosis of AD, irrespective of age and gender.
A doença de Alzheimer (AD) é uma doença neurodegenerativa progressiva caracterizada pela presença de placas de amilóide extracelulares (placas senis) e tranças neurofibrilhares intracelulares formadas pela proteína TAU hiperfosforilada. A proteína TAU quando hiperfosforilada perde a capacidade de se ligar a microtúbulos e pode ser libertada para fluidos periféricos. Este processo leva à degradação neuronal e à morte neuronal. A fosforilação na treonina 231 tem-se demonstrado ser específica para a AD e preceder a formação de filamentos helicoidais emparelhados no cérebro humano. Para melhor perceber a função deste resíduo e a contribuição para a localização da TAU, analisámos células SH-SY5Y indiferenciadas e células diferenciadas, pela adição de ácido retinoico (RA). O tratamento com RA aumentou a expressão de TAU fosforilada na Thr231 (TAUpThr231) conforme determinado por Western blot. Explorámos ainda a fosforilação da TAU por imunocitoquímica e percebemos que em células SH-SY5Y indiferenciadas, a phosphoTAU231 estava localizada principalmente no núcleo. Em contraste, TAU e phosphoTAU231 foram redistribuídas para as dendrites e citosol das células SH-SY5Y diferenciadas pelo ácido retinoico (RA). Para avaliar o potencial deste resíduo como biomarcador; medimos TAUpThr231 em CSF por meio de um imunoensaio enzimático em sanduíche e observámos que a proporção de níveis de TAUpThr231 / TAU discriminou de forma significativa o grupo AD do grupo não-AD. Essas descobertas podem indicar que os níveis da relação TAUpThr231 / t-TAU podem ser um marcador valioso para o diagnóstico clínico de AD, independentemente da idade e do género.
Nunes, Juliana Andrade. "Desenvolvimento de método para determinação de Ag, As, Cd, Co, Mn, Ni, Pb e Se em sangue por espectrometria de massas com fonte de plasma acoplado indutivamente (ICP-MS) utilizando diluição das amostras em meio alcalino." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60134/tde-25082009-143632/.
Повний текст джерелаThe most used analytical technique for monitoring the exposure to toxic metals or for the assessment of the deficiency of essentials elements is the atomic absorption spectrometry with flame (FAAS) or graphite furnace (GF AAS). However, more and more clinical laboratories are changing their methods of analysis, based on this technique, to methods using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). It occurs because ICP-MS allows the determination of chemical elements in various types of samples, at concentrations in a wide linear range (ng L-1 to mg L-1), providing high-throughput analysis with multielemental capability with lower detection limits. However, for routine porpuses the method of choice must be fast with minimal sample manipulation.On the other hand, the number of methods proposing direct introduction of biological fluids to the ICP-MS are still limited. This work aimed the development of a method for the direct analysis of blood samples by ICP-MS for the determination of Ag, As, Cd, Co, Mn, Ni, Pb and Se. For this, blood samples (200 L) were mixed with 500 L of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) (10% v/v) and left at room temperature during 10 minutes. Subsequently, the resulting solution was diluted to 10 mL with a solution containing 0.05% m/v EDTA + 0005% v / v Triton ® X-100. Thus the samples were analyzed directly by ICP-MS (ELAN DRC II). Rhodium (Rh) was used as internal standard with matrix matching calibration. The method detection limits were: 0.008, 0.02, 0.004, 0.009, 0.003, 0.09, 0.04, 0.1 µg L-1 for Ag, As, Cd, Co, Mn, Ni , Pb, and Se respectively. Method validation was acquired with the analysis of blood reference material provided by the Institut National de Santé Publique du Quebec, Canada. Furthermore, for additional validation 20 ordinary blood samples were analyzed by the proposed method and by GF AAS. The method was also compared with two existing methods in the literature and commonly used in laboratories in the United States and Sweden where comparable or better detection limits and better accuracy and precision were obtained.
Lindegårdh, Niklas. "Development of Field-adapted Analytical Methods for the Determination of New Antimalarial Drugs in Biological Fluids." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Analytical Chemistry, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3346.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the development of analytical methods for the determination of new antimalarial drugs in biological fluids. The goal was to develop methods that facilitate clinical studies performed in the field, such as capillary blood sampling onto sampling paper.
Methods for the determination of atovaquone (ATQ) in plasma, whole blood and capillary blood applied onto sampling paper were developed and validated.
Automated solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography (LC) with UV absorbance detection was used to quantify ATQ. Venous blood contained higher levels of ATQ than capillary blood after a single dose of Malarone (ATQ + proguanil).
Ion-pairing LC was used to separate amodiaquine (AQ), chloroquine (CQ) and their metabolites on a CN-column. A method for quantification of AQ, CQ and their metabolites in capillary blood applied onto sampling paper was developed and validated. Perchloric acid and acetonitrile were used to facilitate the extraction of the analytes from the sampling paper. The liquid extract was further cleaned by SPE.
Methods for the determination of piperaquine (PQ) in plasma and whole blood using SPE and LC were developed and validated. Addition of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) to the samples prior to injection into the LC-system significantly enhanced the efficiency for the PQ peak. Serum and whole blood contained higher levels (about 300 nM) of PQ than plasma (about 200 nM) after a single oral dose of 340 mg PQ. This indicates that PQ may be taken up in the leucocytes and thrombocytes.