Статті в журналах: "Blood groups ABO system Molecular aspects"

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Xu, Hui, Zunmin Zhu, Xiaojian Zhu, Na Shen, Shu Zhou, and Yicheng Zhang. "The Interaction of Tumor Cells and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 1636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-125563.

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Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a malignant myeloproliferative disease characterized by the formation of the BCR-ABL fusion gene. At present, basic studies of the pathogenesis of relapse after stopping tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) treatment have mainly concentrated on two main aspects: the leukemia stem cells (LSCs) and the tumor microenvironment. However, whether relapse or non-relapse patients who discontinued TKIs therapy, LSCs are still exist. Among a variety of factors that compose the CML microenvironment, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are considered to be a strong contributor to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Here, we designed the study to investigate the potential relation between tumor cells and MDSC in CML and find risk factors for relapse after discontinuation. We detected the percentage of MDSC and the BCR-ABL (IS) transcript levels in bone marrow of 50 CML patients in chronic phase at our center. The data indicated that the frequency of MDSC had significant positive correlation with BCR-ABL (IS) transcript levels (Figure 1A). In addition, the counts of MDSC had significant difference at different response stages (Figure 1B), especially the M-MDSC, a subtype of MDSC. The percentage of M-MDSC was significantly higher in patients with newly diagnosed or complete hematological response (CHR) or major molecular response (MMR) compared with those of CML patients obtained complete molecular response (CMR) (Figure 1C). When K562 cells or CD34+ cells were cocultured with M-MDSC at a 1:10 ratio, K562 cells or CD34+ cells proliferated significantly at day 3 (Figure 1D and E). K562 subcutaneous tumor formation in BALB/c node mice confirmed that tumors weight and volume of the coculture group were higher than control. Then, we further investigated whether tumor cells have an impact on MDSC through microvesicles (MV). After adding K562-MV to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors, MDSC counts appeared significantly elevated in the different K562 cells counts group compared to the control group (Figure 1F).To analyze the roles of K562-MV collected before and after TKIs discontinuation on MDSC, we established a TKIs discontinuation model using the K562 cell, which emulates the cessation of TKIs treatment of CML patients in some extent. The results showed that regardless of the Imatinib or Dasatinib treatment, a significant increase was observed in the proportion of MDSC after TKIs treatment cessation compared with the TKIs treatment groups (Figure 1G). Experiments in vivo also proved K562-MV after different treatments promoted the proliferation of MDSC (Figure 1H and I). In conclusion, our study introduces the notion of the role of MDSC as mediators in the cross talk between tumor cells and the microenvironment. MDSC would provide a novel and useful model to predict the relapse of CML by establishing a type of new risk stratification system. MDSC could be also act as a promising target in the relapse of CML. In addition, we found a mutual promotion of proliferation of tumor cells and MDSC, this bidirectional interaction results in a vicious cycle by providing a protective niche against immune attacks. Therapeutic interventions modulating this interaction might accelerate the success of treatment-free remission. Figure 1 Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Hosoi, Eiji. "Biological and clinical aspects of ABO blood group system." Journal of Medical Investigation 55, no. 3,4 (2008): 174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2152/jmi.55.174.

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Reid, Marion E., and Agnes Hallie Lee. "ABO blood group system: a rev i ew of molecular aspects." Immunohematology 16, no. 1 (2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/immunohematology-2019-572.

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Ponce de León, Patricia, and Juana Valverde. "ABO System: molecular mimicry of Ascaris lumbricoides." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 45, no. 2 (April 2003): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652003000200011.

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A. lumbricoides has been associated to the ABO System by various authors. The objective was to detect ABO System epitopes in A. lumbricoides of groups O, A, B and AB patients. 28 adult parasites were obtained from children to be used as assay material. The patients ABO blood groups were determined. Extracts of A. lumbricoides [AE] were prepared by surgical remotion of the cuticle and refrigerated mechanical rupture. Agglutination Inhibition (AI) and Hemoagglutination Kinetics (HK) tests were used with the [AE]. Of the 28 [AE], eight belonged to O group patients, 15 to A group, three to B group and the remaining two to AB children. The AI Test showed A epitopes in two [AE] of group A patients and B epitopes in two [AE] of group B patients. The HK Test showed B antigenic determiners in two [AE] of group B patients and in two [AE] of group AB patients as well as A antigenic determiners in one [AE] of A group patient. Of the 28 [AE] studied in both tests B epitopes were detected in all [AE] from B and AB patients and A epitopes in three of the 15 [AE] of group A patients. The experiments carried out suggest that A. lumbricoides might absorb A and B antigens from the host, and/or modify the cuticular carbohydrates expression as a kind of antigenic mimicry.

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Mirzaei Gheinari, Fahimeh, Fatemeh Sakhaee, Melika Gholami, Fattah Sotoodehnejadnematalahi, Mohammad Saber Zamani, Iraj Ahmadi, Enayat Anvari, and Abolfazl Fateh. "ABO rs657152 and Blood Groups Are as Predictor Factors of COVID-19 Mortality in the Iranian Population." Disease Markers 2022 (November 14, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5988976.

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Several studies have discovered a relationship between specific blood types, genetic variations of the ABO gene, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between ABO rs657152 polymorphisms and ABO blood groups with COVID-19 mortality. The tetraprimer amplification refractory mutation system, polymerase chain reaction method, was used for ABO rs657152 polymorphism genotyping in 1,211 dead and 1,442 improved patients. In the current study, the frequency of ABO rs657152 AA than CC genotypes was significantly higher in dead patients than in improved patients. Our findings indicated that blood type A was associated with the highest risk of COVID-19 mortality compared to other blood groups, and patients with blood type O have a lower risk of infection, suggesting that blood type O may be a protective factor against COVID-19 mortality. Multivariate logistic regression test indicated that higher COVID-19 mortality rates were linked with alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, high density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, fasting blood glucose, uric acid, creatinine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, real-time PCR Ct values, ABO blood groups, and ABO rs657152 AA genotype. In conclusion, the AA genotype of ABO rs657152 and blood type A were associated with a considerably increased frequency of COVID-19 mortality. Further research is necessary to validate the obtained results.

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Hayadri, Asep Komara Walkis, Hermin Pancasakti Kusumaningrum, and Anto Budiharjo. "Simulasi Blood Type Inheritance dengan Pemrograman Software Wolfram." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 24, no. 1 (June 13, 2022): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.24.1.66-72.

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Bioinformatics as an interdisciplinary science, combine biology, computer science, information technology, mathematics, and statistics in order to analyze and interprete biological data. Bioinformatics has been used for in silico analysis of biological questions using mathematical and statistical techniques. In silico analysis allows indirect simulation through a series of instructions put into a device, usually a computer. Nowadays, the simulation of biological aspects, especially genetics, with in silico method has been widely applied for several fields. The ABO blood type inheritance system in humans has rules that its mechanism can be applied into the Wolfram software programming, for example showing the possibility of blood groups being inherited from blood type O pairs with AB. The latest statistical data regarding the number of Indonesians who have reported their blood type has not yet reached 25% of the total population of Indonesia. Wolfram software is expected to be an accurate and fast blood type detector to record the entire population of Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to simulate Blood Type Inheritance with Wolfram Software Programming on ABO blood type inheritance data and see the suitability of the simulation results with real blood type inheritance data. The method used to simulate blood type inheritance is a survey of 12 families for the data of blood group, the next step is to enter the data one by one into the simulation model to observe the output results then matched with real data to determine the results of ABO blood type inheritance. Simulation of blood type inheritance can be done by programming the Wolfram Mathematica software and blood type data from 12 families can be simulated through the ABO blood inheritance system on Wolfram Mathematica, with details of the simulation predicting the blood groups of 2 families, simulation of 9 families according to real data, and simulation of 1 family does not match the real data.

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Jesch, Ursula, P. Christian Endler, Beatrix Wulkersdorfer, and Heinz Spranger. "ABO Blood Group. Related Investigations and Their Association with Defined Pathologies." Scientific World JOURNAL 7 (2007): 1151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2007.133.

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The ABO blood group system was discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1901. Since then, scientists have speculated on an association between different pathologies and the ABO blood group system. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the significance between different blood types of the ABO blood group system and certain pathologies. We included 237 patients with known diagnosis, blood group, sex, and age in the study. As a statistical method, the Chi-square test was chosen. In some cases, a significant association between the blood groups and defined diseases could be determined. Carriers of blood group O suffered from ulcus ventriculi and gastritis (X21 = 78.629, p <0.001), colitis ulcerosa and duodenitis (X21 = 5.846, p < 0.016), whereas male patients carrying blood group A tended to contract different types of tumours. In patients with intestinal tumours, females with blood group A were more likely to develop the pathology, whereas in males, the blood group O dominated. The development of cholelithiasis was found, above all, in patients with blood group O, which differed from other research where a correlation between this pathology and blood group A was found.

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Gassner, C., A. Schmarda, W. Nussbaumer, and D. Schonitzer. "ABO glycosyltransferase genotyping by polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific primers." Blood 88, no. 5 (September 1, 1996): 1852–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v88.5.1852.1852.

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Abstract Serological typing for the classical ABO blood groups is routinely performed using anti-A and anti-B antisera of polyclonal or monoclonal origin, which are able to distinguish four phenotypes (A, B, AB, and O). Modern molecular biology methods offer the possibility of direct ABO genotyping without the need for family investigations. Typing can be done with small amounts of DNA and without detection of blood group molecules on the surface of red blood cells. We developed a system of eight polymerase chain reactions (PCR) to detect specific nucleotide sequence differences between the ABO alleles O1, O2, A1, A2, and B. PCR amplification using sequence-specific primers and detection of amplification products by agarose gel electrophoresis is one of the fastest genotyping methods and is easy to handle. With our method we tested the A1,2BO1,2 genotypes of 300 randomly chosen persons out of a pool of platelet donors and found the results to be consistent with ABO glycosyltransferase phenotypes. We also identified a presumably new ABO allele, which may be the result of a crossing-over event between alleles O1 and A2.

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Gassner, C., A. Schmarda, W. Nussbaumer, and D. Schonitzer. "ABO glycosyltransferase genotyping by polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific primers." Blood 88, no. 5 (September 1, 1996): 1852–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v88.5.1852.bloodjournal8851852.

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Serological typing for the classical ABO blood groups is routinely performed using anti-A and anti-B antisera of polyclonal or monoclonal origin, which are able to distinguish four phenotypes (A, B, AB, and O). Modern molecular biology methods offer the possibility of direct ABO genotyping without the need for family investigations. Typing can be done with small amounts of DNA and without detection of blood group molecules on the surface of red blood cells. We developed a system of eight polymerase chain reactions (PCR) to detect specific nucleotide sequence differences between the ABO alleles O1, O2, A1, A2, and B. PCR amplification using sequence-specific primers and detection of amplification products by agarose gel electrophoresis is one of the fastest genotyping methods and is easy to handle. With our method we tested the A1,2BO1,2 genotypes of 300 randomly chosen persons out of a pool of platelet donors and found the results to be consistent with ABO glycosyltransferase phenotypes. We also identified a presumably new ABO allele, which may be the result of a crossing-over event between alleles O1 and A2.

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Golovkina, L. L., R. S. Kalandarov, O. S. Pshenichnikova, V. L. Surin, A. G. Stremoukhova, T. D. Pushkina, G. V. Atroshchenko, O. S. Kalmykova, and B. B. Khasigova. "Polymorphism of ABO*O alleles and its clinical significance." Oncohematology 16, no. 4 (November 11, 2021): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1818-8346-2021-16-4-83-89.

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Background. 62 ABO*O alleles of the ABO system are known. Some ABO*O alleles may be accompanied by the presence of residual A-glycosyltransferase activity in people of group O, which may lead to errors in determining the blood group. This confirms the important clinical significance of the ABO*O allele polymorphism. Knowledge of ABO*O gene polymorphisms and their prevalence contributes to the prevention of errors in determining the blood group of the ABO system.Objective: to study allele variants of the ABO*O gene in Russians.Materials and methods. The blood samples of 14,000 people were examined. The blood group was determined using anti-A, anti-Aweak, anti-B, lectin (anti-A1) and gel cards, as well as by cross-sectional method using standard red blood cells of O, A, and B groups. In one patient, the method of adsorption-elution with cold elution was used to identify a weak variant of antigen A, and the method of thermal elution was used to eliminate antigen- blocking plasma factors. Molecular determination of ABO*O alleles was performed in 130 individuals by polymerase chain reaction with sequence- specific primers and Sanger direct sequencing.Results. 13 allelic variants of the ABO*O gene were identified (10 with a typical deletion of c.261delG / N and 3 nondeletional alleles with polymorphism c.802G>A). Deletion alleles of ABO*O.01 were found in 92.85 % of the examined patients, nondeletion alleles of АВО*О.02 group – in 7.15 % of cases. The ABO*O.01.01 allele was detected with a frequency of 67.14 %, other deletion alleles – much less frequently: ABO*O.01.02 and ABO*O.01.11 – 5.71 %, ABO*O.01.26 – 5.00 %, ABO*O.01.12 – 4.30 %, ABO*O.01.13 and ABO*O.01.44 – 1.43 %, ABO*O.01.05, ABO*O.01.46, ABO*O.01.68 – 0.71 % each. Non-deletional alleles were found with the following frequencies: ABO*O.02.01 – 4.3 %, ABO*O.02.03 allele – 2.14 %, ABO*O.02.02 – 0.71 %. All individuals with the O group with the nondeletional allele had the Oαβ group, except for one patient (with the ABO*O.01.02 O.02.02 genotype), who had the Oβ group.Conclusion. For the first time, the immunogenetic characteristics of Russians are given according to ABO*O genes. Erythrocyte genomics helps to resolve the ambiguity of serological methods results and allows understanding mechanisms of different phenotypes formation. For the correct definition of natural isohemagglutinins and weak antigens variants should be used at least two different serological methods.

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Kronstein-Wiedemann, Romy, Laura Schmidt, Jörn Lausen, Erhard Seifried, and Torsten Tonn. "Inhibition of the Transcription Factor RUNX1 Causes Glycosyltransferase a Repression." Blood 130, Suppl_1 (December 7, 2017): 925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v130.suppl_1.925.925.

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Abstract Background: The ABO blood group system is unequivocally the most important in clinical transfusion medicine. Furthermore ABO is implicated in the development of a number of human diseases. The ABO antigens are not confined to RBCs but are widely expressed in a variety of human cells and tissues. Thus, ABO matching is critical not only in blood transfusion but also in cell, tissue and organ transplantation. The molecular genetic basis of the ABO system has been known since 1990. However, despite extensive investigations about regulation of ABO blood group receptor expression, the mechanism is not fully resolved. Previously we found that miRNAs plays a critical role in regulation of ABO blood group antigen. Numerous miRNAs which were up- or downregulated in RBCs of blood group O and of heterozygous genotypes as compared to homozygous genotype possess potential binding sites in the 3'UTR of several transcription factors, such as SP1 and RUNX1. Here we show that silencing of the transcription factor RUNX1 leads to downregulation of blood group A antigen. Methods: We performed knockdown experiments for RUNX1 by lentiviral gene transfer of shRNA in primary hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and analyzed blood group A-antigen expression using different method, including flow cytometry, western blot and qPCR. Result: Knockdown of RUNX1 in HSCs leads to a 10-20% reduction of blood group A positive erythroid cells and a 30-40% reduction of blood group A antigens per cell in differentiated RBCs. Furthermore, microarray analysis showed a significant increase of miR-215-5p and miR-192-5p in RBCs of blood group O as compared to homozygous genotype. RUNX1 is known to be a target gene for these miRNAs. Conclusion: Glycosyltransferase A and B expression is regulated by different miRNAs, via simultaneously targeting of the transcription factors SP1 and Runx1 and glycosyltransferase A and B mRNA. The knowledge of the role of microRNAs and the transcription factors SP1 and RUNX1 in the expression of blood group antigens may be extended to other blood groups (Rhesus, Kell, Duffy) and may open the door for therapeutic interventions in diseases where blood group receptors promote disease pathology. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Elfeituri, Muftah A., Zahzahan A. Asaeti, Najat B. Elgazal, Mailud El-Amari, and Samia M. Al –Ojali. "Study of Possible Association between ABO Blood Groups and Autism Spectrum Disorder." Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences 10, no. 9 (September 5, 2022): 1448–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjams.2022.v10i09.006.

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most worldwide neurodevelopmental disorders is characterized by the core domains of persistent deficits in social communication and restricted-repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, or activities and language delay. Pro-inflammatory events and immune system dysfunctions are cellular and molecular events associated with ASD. Several conditions co-occur with ASD: seizures, gastro-intestinal problems, attention deficit, anxiety and depression, and sleep problems. The occurrence of ASD has been increasing worldwide, with the most recent prevalence studies indicating that they are present in 6 per 1000 children. Although the cause of these disorders is not yet known, studies strongly suggest many risk factors have been identified that may contribute to the development of ASDs. These risk factors include genetics, environmental factors, prenatal and perinatal factors, and neuroanatomical abnormalities a genetic basis with a complex mode of inheritance. More research is needed to explore factors that could be contributing to the cause of these disorders. Continued evaluation of genetic factors in combination with these different factors, is critically needed to take this Genetic progress even further in our understanding of, and ability to have a positive impact on, ASD. Inherited factors contribute to ASD etiology, remains incompletely understood. The objectives of this article are to investigate the main cause of ASD provide physicians with relevant information needed to eliminate the incidence of ASD and to eliminate the etiology and management of these disorders. It seemed reasonable to surmise that ABO blood type was functionally related to ASDs. Blood types are inherited from both parents. We hypothesized that if parental ABO blood type were associated with the development of filial ASDs, there would be a higher probability of filial ASDs in parents with a specific ABO blood type. If so, medical workers can .........

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Nazeer, Masarat, Shaugfta Aara, and Nadeema Rafiq. "Blood Groups, BT and CT in Medical and Para Medical Students-Gender Based Distribution and Their Relation. An Observational Study." International Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Invention 5, no. 2 (February 22, 2018): 3553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v5i2.13.

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Background: Evaluation of blood groups, bleeding and clotting time are the most important and initial hematological parameters done routinely and especially before any surgical procedure. Researches indicate that various gastrointestinal diseases like ulcers, cancers, UTIs, cardiovascular disorder , diabetes mellitus as well as thrombosis, epistaxis etc. are associated with ABO blood group system. Hemostatic parameters like BT and CT also vary in different blood groups. Materials and methods: The available data of 400 students of 1st year of mbbs, bds and para medical courses was analyzed in every required aspects i.e. sex, age, ABO and Rh blood groups, bleeding and clotting times. The standard antisera (A, B, & D) was used to determine the blood group, Duke’s Method and Capillary tube method were used to find out bleeding and clotting time respectively. Finally, all the parameters were compared and analyzed statistically. Results: Blood group B (44.5%) was the most common blood group in both genders followed by O (30.5%), A (21%), and AB (4%). Bleeding time was found to be prolonged >4 min in maximum number of group O (53%) followed by group A (26.4%), group B (14.2%), and then group AB(6.1%) but the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.00005). Similarly clotting time was >6 min in group O(54.5%) followed by group B=A(18.1%), group least in AB (9%), but the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.19). Gender-wise bleeding time was more prolonged in females (67.3%) than males (32.6%) but the difference was statistically insignificant (p = 0.07), similarly clotting time too was prolonged more in females (81%)than males (18.2%) but again the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.04). Conclusion : In our study, blood group B predominated followed by O, A, and AB. Bleeding time was prolonged >4 min in blood group O followed by A,B, and AB whereas clotting time was prolonged >6 min in blood group O followed by A=B and then AB. Gender-wise bleeding and clotting time were higher in females than males. Various blood related disorders, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases are associated with blood groups, so people can take preventive measures according to their blood groups.

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Jovanovic-Cupic, Snezana, Gorana Stamenkovic, Jelena Blagojevic, N. Vanis, B. Stanojevic, and Lj Berberovic. "ABO histo-blood groups and Rh systems in relation to malignant tumors of the digestive tract in Bosnia and Herzegovina." Archives of Biological Sciences 60, no. 4 (2008): 593–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs0804593j.

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The distribution of ABO blood groups and the Rhesus factor was analyzed in 279 patients who suffered from malignant tumors of the digestive system. Patients were registered retrospectively in the Gastroenterohepatology Clinic, Clinical Center, University of Sarajevo over a discontinuous period of 88 months. From the results obtained, it was concluded that: (a) men became ill from gastric cancer significantly more frequently than women; (b) the frequency of liver carcinoma was three times higher than the global frequency and the frequency neighboring ethnic groups; and (c) patients with blood group B and patients with RhD(-) exhibited a significantly higher proportion of disease.

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Dos Santos Damacena, Maria Ionaria, Elisa Dos Santos Cardoso, Daniele Paula Maltezo, and Ana Aparecida Bandini Rossi. "Frequência Fenotípica, Alélica e Genotípica dos Grupos Sanguíneos ABO e Rh Entre os Moradores da Comunidade Novo Cruzeiro, Alta Floresta/MT." Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde 26, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2022v26n1p105-111.

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Estudos sobre os grupos sanguíneos ABO e fator Rh são importantes no ramo da medicina e da biologia molecular, principalmente, por fornecerem informações quanto à disponibilidade de sangue para transfusões, e risco de ocorrência da doença hemolítica perinatal (DHP). O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a distribuição e frequência dos fenótipos, genótipos e alelos dos sistemas ABO e Rh entre os moradores da Comunidade Novo Cruzeiro, zona rural do município de Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso. Foram entrevistados 102 moradores, sendo que apenas 43 souberam informar o grupo sanguíneo ao qual pertencem. Em relação ao sistema Rh, 91% são Rh+, e entre as mulheres, 9% são Rh-, o que merece atenção em função da DHP. Entre os homens, o desconhecimento quanto ao fator Rh foi maior. O grupo sanguíneo “O” foi o mais frequente (55,8%), e com relação às frequências alélicas estimadas, o alelo mais frequente foi o “i” (75%). A predominância dos grupos “O Rh+” e “A Rh+” entre os moradores pode estar relacionada ao processo de colonização e a formação das populações contemporâneas. Diante dos resultados, reconhece-se o não conhecimento, pela maioria dos moradores, quanto ao grupo sanguíneo e fator Rh ao qual pertencem, e se torna urgente a necessidade de projetos que esclareçam a população quanto à importância do conhecimento sobre o sistema ABO e fator Rh. Palavras-chave: Doença Hemolítica Perinatal. Transfusões Sanguíneas. Tipagem Sanguínea. Abstract Studies of blood groups ABO and Rh factor are important in the field of medicine and molecular biology, as they provide information regarding the availability of blood available for transfusions and the risk of perinatal hemolytic disease (PHD). In this context, this study aimed to determine the distribution and frequency of phenotypes, genotypes and alleles of the ABO and Rh systems among residents of Novo Cruzeiro Community, a rural area in the municipality of Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso. 102 residents were interviewed, and only 43 able to inform the blood group to which they belong to. Regarding the Rh system, 91% are Rh +, and among women, 9% are Rh-, which deserves attention due to PHD. Among men, the lack of knowledge about the Rh factor was greater. Blood group “O” was the most frequent (55.8%), and regarding to estimated allele frequencies, the most frequent allele was “i” (75%). The predominance of the “O Rh +” and “A Rh +” groups among residents may be related to the colonization process and the formation of contemporary populations. In view of the results, it is recognized that most residents do not know about the blood group and Rh factor to which they belong to, and there is an urgent need for projects that clarify the population regarding the importance of knowledge about the ABO system and the factor Rh. Keywords: Perinatal Hemolytic Disease. Blood Transfusions. Blood Type.

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Gylmiyarova, F. N., V. M. Radomskaya, O. A. Gusyakova, E. A. Ryskina, N. A. Kolotyeva, E. A. Shahnovich, N. S. Nefedova, et al. "Modeling role of pyruvate in the processes of protein-protein interaction." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 61, no. 1 (January 2015): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20156101132.

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Using the ABO antibody-antigen model the influence of natural metabolite pyruvate on the antibody interaction with of erythrocyte antigens, defining their group specificity has been investigated. Before agglutination reaction erythrocytes of A(II)-AB(IV) blood groups, monoclonal anti-A and anti-B antibodies were incubated with sodium pyruvate. Visualization of agglutinates was performed by means of flow cytometry and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Computer-aided prediction of the spectrum of biological activity of pyruvate by a PASS program proposed major regulatory pathways, in which pyruvate may be involved. It has been demonstrated that pyruvate can regulate the intensity of antigen-antibody interaction. These results suggest the possibility of using small molecules, for example pyruvate, as molecular probes and prospects of the use of erythrocytes with antigenic determinants of the ABO system expressed on their membranes for studies of protein-protein interactions due to convenient visualization and possibility of quantitative evaluation of this process.

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Nagervadze, M., L. Akvlediani, I. Tsintsadze, T. Koiava, R. Loria, S. Tskvitinidze, R. Khukhunaishvili, and M. Koridze. "The Features of Antigen Prevalence of Rhesus System in Donor Population." International Journal of Biology and Biomedical Engineering 15 (April 15, 2021): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/91011.2021.15.10.

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Research materials and methods. 852 voluntary Georgian blood donors have been typed on red blood cells group antigens. The research materials have taken from the diagnostic laboratory of Health Centre of Batumi (Georgia republic). The immunoserological methods with monoclonal anti –AB, -B, -A, A1, -A2 (H), -C, -c, - D, -E, -e (Bio-Rad, cypress diagnostics) antibodies was used for typing blood. The ID cards, such as ABO/D + Reverse Grouping (Bio-Rad) were also used for typing of erythrocyte antigens. Result. Prevalence of Rh system antigens in the studied group is looks like so: e antigens – 94,6%, c antigens -85%, C-68,03, E antigens - 38,07%. The majority (84%) of the studied donors are Rh-positive (n=719), 133 (16%) donors are Rh-negative. C antigen most common is present in the combination with D antigen. 65, 8 % case donors had CD+ combination (n=561). E antigen in most cases is presented with a combination of D antigen. 36, 9% of the studied donors (n=306) had ED+ combination. A miserable number of studied donors had CD - (2,23%; n=19) and ED - (1,17%; n=9) combinations. We have studied the Rh phenotypes prevalence in blood donors. According to RHD, RHC, and RHE gene loci, there are 18 theoretically possible phenotypical groups. Among them half (nine) are Rh-positive and the rest of them are Rh-negative. The Rh-positive phenotypes are: CDE; CDEe; CDe; CcDE; CcDEe; CcDe; ccDE; cDEe and cDe. Rh-negative phenotypes are CdE; CdEe; Cde; CcdE; CcdEe; Ccde; cdE; cdEe; cde. We allocated 17 Rh phenotypes among studied donors. Only one phenotype CdE, which belongs to Rh negative group, was not present in studied donors. Other 17 phenotypes showed different frequencies. Some of them were only in a single case, for example, cdEe, cdE, CdEe phenotypes had only one donor. The majority of the phenotype in he studied donors (27,8±1,53%) was CcDe (n=237). CcDEe -19,3±1,35% (n=165); 125 donors have CDe phenotype (14,6±1,2); The frequency of cde was 13,1±1,5%, which means that 112 studied donors belonged to this phenotype group; 87 studied donors had cDEe phenotype characteristics (10,2%); The frequency of cDe was 4,9% (n=42); 19 donors had CDEe phenotype. Other phenotypes (CDE, Cde, CcdEe, Ccde) frequency was very low. Conclusion. Our studied donors are characterized by rather high polymorphism. The Georgian donor’s population is heterogenic, especially high heterogeneity are shown in Rh positive phenotypes. The obtained data is vital importance for the preparation of whole blood or certain blood components for the purpose of their rational usage in blood transfusion.

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18

Lozano, Miguel, Ana Galan, Roberto Mazzara, Laurence Corash, and Gines Escolar. "Leucocyte-Reduced Buffy Coat Platelet Concentrates (BCPC) Treated with INTERCEPT™ Stored up to 7 Days: Hemostatic Function in a Whole Blood Flow System." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.956.956.

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Abstract Background: The risk of bacterial growth has limited the shelf life of platelet concentrates (PC) to 5 days. Modern platelet storage containers facilitate storage for up to 7 days, if bacterial contamination is prevented. INTERCEPT (Baxter, La Chatre, France; Cerus, Concord, CA) photochemical treatment (PCT) for pathogen reduction based on amotosalen (150μM) and UVA illumination (3 J/cm2) inactivates high titers of bacteria in PC (Transfusion2004; 44: 1496–1504). Adhesion and aggregation of platelets to injured vascular surfaces are critical aspects of platelet hemostatic function. In this study, the adhesion and aggregation of leucocyte-reduced buffy coat derived PC (BCPC), treated with INTERCEPT and stored up to 7 days, were measured on injured vascular surfaces using an ex-vivo blood flow system. Methods: BCPC were prepared from 450 mL-whole blood donations with the top and bottom method (Optipress II, Baxter). Five BCPC, of the same ABO group, were pooled with additive solution (Intersol™) the day following collection, after viral screening testing was completed. Following centrifugation and leukocyte depletion, two BCPC pools of the same ABO group were mixed and divided. One pooled BCPC was treated with INTERCEPT (I-BCPC) and the other was prepared by conventional methods (C-BCPC); and both were stored in 1.3 liter PL2410 plastic containers (Baxter R4R7012) at 22 ± 2°C with continuous agitation for 7 days. Samples for hemostatic function testing were taken immediately after preparation before splitting for treatment and after 5 and 7 days of storage. Platelet counts were performed in K3EDTA in a Coulter MD II counter (Coulter, Miami, FL). Samples of I-BCPC and C-BCPC were added to citrate anticoagulated blood, previously depleted of platelets and leukocytes by filtration, and adjusted to a final platelet count of 150x109/L. Enzymatically denuded vascular segments were exposed to circulating whole blood, reconstituted with I-BCPC and C-BCPC, in Baumgartner chambers at a shear rate of 800 s−1 for 10 minutes. The proportion (%) of the vascular surface area covered by platelets after perfusion was measured for each type of BCPC (N = 9) at each storage time point. Platelets and groups of platelets were classified as adhesive when platelet masses were less than 5 μm in height and as thrombi when height exceeded 5 μm. Data were analyzed with the SPSS 12.0.1 statistical package with significance at p < 0.05, and expressed at the mean ± SEM Results(Table). Conclusion: The platelet count of I- BCPC decreased by 12.3% including PCT processing losses and 7 days of storage. However, I- BCPC platelet adhesive and aggregatory capacities under flow conditions were similar to C- BCPC, and were well conserved for up to 7 days of storage. Hemostatic Function of Stored I-BCPC and C-BCPC Parameter I-BCPC C-BCPC p Day 1(Pre Treatment) Platelet Count (109/L) 945±40 945±40 Platelet Coverage (%) 26.0±3.7 26.0±4.2 Adhesion(%) 24.0±3.7 24.0±3.7 Thrombus(%) 1.9±0.6 1.9±0.6 Day 5 Storage Platelet Count (109/L 844±41 902±44 0.004 Platelet Coverage (%) 20.9±2.2 20.6±1.6 0.9 Adhesion(%) 19.9±2.1 19.3±1.4 0.8 Thrombus(%) 0.9±0.3 1.2±0.4 0.5 Day 7 Storage Platelet Count (109/L) 829±32 923±48 0.008 Platelet Coverage (%) 27.1±2.9 21.2±2.8 0.06 Adhesion(%) 26.0±2.7 20.4±2.7 0.06 Thrombus(%) 1.2±0.3 0.7±0.2 0.16

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19

Rieck, Julian, Serguei N. Skatchkov, Christian Derst, Misty J. Eaton, and Rüdiger W. Veh. "Unique Chemistry, Intake, and Metabolism of Polyamines in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Its Body." Biomolecules 12, no. 4 (March 25, 2022): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12040501.

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Polyamines (PAs) are small, versatile molecules with two or more nitrogen-containing positively charged groups and provide widespread biological functions. Most of these aspects are well known and covered by quite a number of excellent surveys. Here, the present review includes novel aspects and questions: (1) It summarizes the role of most natural and some important synthetic PAs. (2) It depicts PA uptake from nutrition and bacterial production in the intestinal system following loss of PAs via defecation. (3) It highlights the discrepancy between the high concentrations of PAs in the gut lumen and their low concentration in the blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, while concentrations in cellular cytoplasm are much higher. (4) The present review provides a novel and complete scheme for the biosynthesis of Pas, including glycine, glutamate, proline and others as PA precursors, and provides a hypothesis that the agmatine pathway may rescue putrescine production when ODC knockout seems to be lethal (solving the apparent contradiction in the literature). (5) It summarizes novel data on PA transport in brain glial cells explaining why these cells but not neurons preferentially accumulate PAs. (6) Finally, it provides a novel and complete scheme for PA interconversion, including hypusine, putreanine, and GABA (unique gliotransmitter) as end-products. Altogether, this review can serve as an updated contribution to understanding the PA mystery.

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20

Protzen, Gabriel V., Charles Bartel, Victor S. Coswig, Paulo Gentil, and Fabricio B. Del Vecchio. "Physiological aspects and energetic contribution in 20s:10s high-intensity interval exercise at different intensities." PeerJ 8 (October 12, 2020): e9791. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9791.

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Background One of the most popular high-intensity interval exercises is the called “Tabata Protocol”. However, most investigations have limitations in describing the work intensity, and this fact appears to be due to the protocol unfeasibility. Furthermore, the physiological demands and energetic contribution during this kind of exercise remain unclear. Methods Eight physically active students (21.8 ± 3.7 years) and eight well-trained cycling athletes (27.8 ± 6.4 years) were enrolled. In the first visit, we collected descriptive data and the peak power output (PPO). On the next three visits, in random order, participants performed interval training with the same time structure (effort:rest 20s:10s) but using different intensities (115%, 130%, and 170% of PPO). We collected the number of sprints, power output, oxygen consumption, blood lactate, and heart rate. Results The analysis of variance for multivariate test (number of sprints, power output, blood lactate, peak heart rate and percentage of maximal heart rate) showed significant differences between groups (F = 9.62; p = 0.001) and intensities (F = 384.05; p < 0.001), with no interactions (F = 0.94; p = 0.57). All three energetic contributions and intensities were different between protocols. The higher contribution was aerobic, followed by alactic and lactic. The aerobic contribution was higher at 115%PPO, while the alactic system showed higher contribution at 130%PPO. In conclusion, the aerobic system was predominant in the three exercise protocols, and we observed a higher contribution at lower intensities.

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21

Kuzmin, I. V., and S. V. Kuzmina. "Anticholinergic therapy of an overactive bladder: clinical practice aspects." Russian Medical Inquiry 5, no. 5 (2021): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-5-273-279.

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The review presents data on the epidemiology, clinical course and modern methods to the treatment of overactive bladder. It also describes the pharmacological bases of anticholinergic drug use, which are first-line in the treatment of this disease. The pharmacological and clinical aspects of the new M-holinoblocker, fesoterodine, are considered. The drug belongs to the competitive blockers of M2-and M3-cholinergic receptors. The conducted studies have shown the high clinical efficacy of fesoterodine. Due to the low lipophilicity and large molecular weight, the drug’s ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier is minimal, which causes a low frequency of adverse events from the central nervous system. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of fesoterodine allow it to be prescribed to "vulnerable" groups of patients — the elderly, patients with CNS diseases and cognitive disorders. According to the FORTA system, fesoterodine is the only antimuscarinic drug classified in category B. The results of a multiple-criteria decision-making showed a favorable benefit-risk profile of fesoterodine, prescribed according to a flexible dosage regimen of 4 mg and 8 mg. Important benefits of fesoterodine are the convenience of intake, the possibility of dose titration, as well as the ratio of treatment costs and its efficacy. The practical issues of using fesoterodine in various clinical cases are considered. KEYWORDS: overactive bladder, anticholinergic therapy, fesoterodine, multiple-criteria decision-making, FORTA classification. FOR CITATION: Kuzmin I.V., Kuzmina S.V. Anticholinergic therapy of an overactive bladder: clinical practice aspects. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(5):273–279 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-5-273-279.

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Kałużna, Sandra, Mariusz J. Nawrocki, Karol Jopek, Greg Hutchings, Bartłomiej Perek, Marek Jemielity, Bartosz Kempisty, Agnieszka Malińska, Paul Mozdziak, and Michał Nowicki. "In search of markers useful for evaluation of graft patency - molecular analysis of ‘muscle system process’ for internal thoracic artery and saphenous vein conduits." Medical Journal of Cell Biology 8, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acb-2020-0002.

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AbstractCoronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is the surgical method most commonly used to treat coronary artery disease (CAD). The vessels that are used in CABG are usually the internal thoracic artery (ITA) and the saphenous vein (SV). Transplant patency is one of the most important factors affecting transplant success. In this study, we used an expressive microarray method, approved by RT-qPCR, for transcriptome analysis of arterial and venous grafts. In the search for potential molecular factors, we analyzed gene ontologies of different expression based on the muscular system. Among interesting groups, we distinguished muscle cell proliferation, muscle contraction, muscle system process, regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation and smooth muscle cell proliferation. The highest increase in gene expression was observed in: ACTN2, RBPMS2, NR4A3, KCNA5, while the smallest decrease in expression was shown by the P2RX1, KCNH2, DES and MYOT genes. Particularly noteworthy are the ACTN2 and NR4A3 genes, which can have a significant impact on vascular patency. ACTN2 is a gene that can affect the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, while NR4A3 occurs in 4 of the 5 ontological groups discussed and can affect the inflammatory process in the blood vessel. To summarize, the presented study provided valuable insight into the molecular aspects characterizing the vessels used in CABG, and in particular identified genes that may be the target for further studies on duct patency.Running title: CABG grafts’ molecular analysis of ‘muscle system process’

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23

Lello, Joanne, Susan J. McClure, Kerri Tyrrell, and Mark E. Viney. "Predicting the effects of parasite co-infection across species boundaries." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1874 (March 14, 2018): 20172610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2610.

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It is normal for hosts to be co-infected by parasites. Interactions among co-infecting species can have profound consequences, including changing parasite transmission dynamics, altering disease severity and confounding attempts at parasite control. Despite the importance of co-infection, there is currently no way to predict how different parasite species may interact with one another, nor the consequences of those interactions. Here, we demonstrate a method that enables such prediction by identifying two nematode parasite groups based on taxonomy and characteristics of the parasitological niche. From an understanding of the interactions between the two defined groups in one host system (wild rabbits), we predict how two different nematode species, from the same defined groups, will interact in co-infections in a different host system (sheep), and then we test this experimentally. We show that, as predicted, in co-infections, the blood-feeding nematode Haemonchus contortus suppresses aspects of the sheep immune response, thereby facilitating the establishment and/or survival of the nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis ; and that the T. colubriformis -induced immune response negatively affects H. contortus . This work is, to our knowledge, the first to use empirical data from one host system to successfully predict the specific outcome of a different co-infection in a second host species. The study therefore takes the first step in defining a practical framework for predicting interspecific parasite interactions in other animal systems.

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24

Nesterov, Semen V., Lev S. Yaguzhinsky, Gennady I. Podoprigora, and Yaroslav R. Nartsissov. "Autocatalytic cycle in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus: biochemical and pathophysiological aspects of metabolic therapy with natural amino acids on the example of glycine." Diabetes mellitus 21, no. 4 (October 10, 2018): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/dm9529.

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In this work systematization (classification) of biochemical and physiological processes that cause disorders in the human body during the development of diabetes mellitus is carried out. The development of the disease is considered as the interaction and mutual reinforcement of two groups of parallel processes. The first group has a molecular nature and it is associated with impairment of ROS-regulation system which includes NADPH oxidases, RAGE receptors, mitochondria, cellular peroxireductase system and the immune system. The second group has a pathophysiological nature and it is associated with impairment of microcirculation and liver metabolism. The analysis of diabetes biochemistry based on different published references yields a creation of a block diagram evaluating the disease development over time. Two types of autocatalytic processes were identified: autocatalysis in the cascade of biochemical reactions and "cross-section" catalysis, in which biochemical and pathophysiological processes reinforce each other. The developed model has shown the possibility of using pharmacologically active natural metabolite glycine as a medicine inhibiting the development of diabetes. Despite the fact that glycine is a substitute amino acid the drop in the glycine blood concentration occurs even in the early stages of diabetes development and can aggravate the disease. It is shown that glycine is a potential blocker of key autocatalytic cycles, including biochemical and pathophysiological processes. The analysis of the glycine action based on the developed model is in complete agreement with the results of clinical trials in which glycine has improved blood biochemistry of diabetic patients and thereby it prevents the development of diabetic complications.

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25

Schisler, N. J., and S. M. Singh. "Inheritance and expression of tissue-specific catalase activity during development and aging in mice." Genome 29, no. 5 (October 1, 1987): 748–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g87-127.

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The catalase activity in the liver, kidney, lung, and blood hemolysate was measured in newborn, 21-, 70-, 175-, and >400-day-old mice from the strains BALB/c, Csb, C3H/HeSnJ, C3H/S, C57BL/6J, SW, and 129/ReJ. Catalase activity was found to be highest in the liver (~0.33 U/mg protein) followed by the kidney (~0.13 U/mg protein), lung (~0.05 U/mg protein), and blood hemolysate (~0.03 U/mg protein). ANOVA analysis indicated significant differences in enzyme activity among strains and age groups studied. The developmental profiles of enzyme activity were tissue and strain specific. Catalase activity in the blood, for example, was generally higher at birth and at old age, whereas the kidney catalase activity was low at birth and increased substantially with age. Strains could be classified as normal (129/ReJ, BALB/c, C3H/HeSnJ, C3H/S), hypocatalasemic (C57BL/6J, SW), and acatalasemic (Csb) with respect to enzyme activity and it was on this basis that the inheritance of the catalase phenotype was studied using appropriate crosses. The enzyme activity level in each tissue appears to be governed by a unique set of genetic regulators/modifiers that interact with a single structural gene (Cs) or its product to produce the catalase phenotype. Some of these (e.g., Ce-1 and Ce-2) have been previously described but based on the results of various crosses reported here, more must exist that remain still uncharacterized at the molecular level. Models proposed for the inheritance of the catalase phenotype vary in complexity from single allelic differences between strains (e.g., BALB/c × Csb; blood) to a system of multiple interacting genetic determinants (e.g., BALB/c × Csb; liver) each having dominant (e.g., C57BL/6J over BALB/c; liver) and recessive components (e.g., gene(s) conferring the acatalasemic phenotype in BALB/c × Csb; blood and kidney). Such results are important and offer an interesting model to further characterize aspects of eukaryotic gene regulation. Key words: catalase, inbred mice, tissue specificity, developmental profile, inheritance.

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26

Kazitskaya, A. S., N. I. Panev, T. K. Yadykina, O. N. Gulyaeva, and N. A. Evseeva. "Genetic and biochemical aspects of formation of professional chronic dust bronchitis." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 6 (July 5, 2019): 342–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-6-342-347.

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Introduction. Th e actual problem of modern occupational health is the study of the role of exogenous and endogenous factors in the development of occupational pathology of the bronchopulmonary system. То identify groups at increased risk of developing a dusty pathology of the bronchopulmonary system, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study of clinical and genetic factors, as well as to determine the most signifi cant diagnostic markers of the development of this pathology.The aim of the study was to study the genetic status of a set of biochemical and molecular genetic markers, as well as biochemical parameters of blood and respiratory function in coal industry workers with chronic dust bronchitis and persons of the control group.Materials and methods. 115 workers of coal mines from the South of Kuzbass aged from 39 to 58 years were examined in the Clinic of the Institute. Among them — 71 people with a previously established diagnosis of chronic dust bronchitis (the main group) and 44 people of the control group of persons working in the same sanitary conditions, but not having this pathology. A complex of clinical, biochemical and genetic methods of research was used in the study, and functional parameters of the bronchopulmonary system were evaluated. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics 22 soft ware. Results. Statistically signifi cant diff erences between biochemical (increase in the concentration of ceruloplasmin and α–1antitrypsin) and immunological parameters (increase in the total number of leukocytes and ESR, increase in the concentration of IgG) in miners with chronic dust bronchitis and coal industry workers without this pathology were revealed. The dependence of the functional changes of the respiratory system with the development of professional pathology is determined. Th e persons of the main group showed a statistically signifi cant decrease in functional parameters (forced exhalation per second and lung capacity), increased respiratory failure. A predisposition to the development of dust bronchitis in the owners of the HP 1–1 genotype and resistance to the formation of this pathology in persons with the HP 2–2 genotype were found. Th e study of GSTT 1 deletion polymorphism revealed that carriers of the GSTT 1 «+» variant are most susceptible to the development of chronic dust bronchitis, and owners of the GSTT 1 variant are» resistant to its formation. Th ere was a positive аssociation with the development of dust bronchitis of the holders of the MM phenotype (MN).Conclusions. When working in similar conditions, some workers have a deviation of biochemical and immunological parameters fr om the norm, as well as a violation of the respiratory system, while others have no changes. Th e response of the body to the impact of certain external adverse factors may be due to genetic predisposition or resistance to the development of the disease.

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27

Hammerl, Andreas, Carlos Diaz Cano, Elena De-Juan-Pardo, Martijn van Griensven, and Patrina Poh. "A Growth Factor-Free Co-Culture System of Osteoblasts and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells for the Evaluation of the Osteogenesis Potential of Melt-Electrowritten Polycaprolactone Scaffolds." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 5 (March 1, 2019): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20051068.

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Scaffolds made of biodegradable biomaterials are widely used to guide bone regeneration. Commonly, in vitro assessment of scaffolds’ osteogenesis potential has been performed predominantly in monoculture settings. Hence, this study evaluated the potential of an unstimulated, growth factor-free co-culture system comprised of osteoblasts (OB) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) over monoculture of OB as an in vitro platform for screening of bone regeneration potential of scaffolds. Particularly, this study focuses on the osteogenic differentiation and mineralized matrix formation aspects of cells. The study was performed using scaffolds fabricated by means of a melt electrowriting (MEW) technique made of medical-grade polycaprolactone (PCL), with or without a surface coating of calcium phosphate (CaP). Qualitative results, i.e., cell morphology by fluorescence imaging and matrix mineralization by von Kossa staining, indicated the differences in cell behaviours in response to scaffolds’ biomaterial. However, no obvious differences were noted between OB and OB+PBMC groups. Hence, quantitative investigation, i.e., alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activities, and gene expression were quantitatively evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), were evaluated only of PCL/CaP scaffolds cultured with OB+PBMC, while PCL/CaP scaffolds cultured with OB or PBMC acted as a control. Although this study showed no differences in terms of osteogenic differentiation and ECM mineralization, preliminary qualitative results indicate an obvious difference in the cell/non-mineralized ECM density between scaffolds cultured with OB or OB+PBMC that could be worth further investigation. Collectively, the unstimulated, growth factor-free co-culture (OB+PBMC) system presented in this study could be beneficial for the pre-screening of scaffolds’ in vitro bone regeneration potential prior to validation in vivo.

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Novellino, Fabiana, Valeria Saccà, Annalidia Donato, Paolo Zaffino, Maria Francesca Spadea, Marco Vismara, Biagio Arcidiacono, Natalia Malara, Ivan Presta, and Giuseppe Donato. "Innate Immunity: A Common Denominator between Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 3 (February 7, 2020): 1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031115.

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The intricate relationships between innate immunity and brain diseases raise increased interest across the wide spectrum of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Barriers, such as the blood–brain barrier, and innate immunity cells such as microglia, astrocytes, macrophages, and mast cells are involved in triggering disease events in these groups, through the action of many different cytokines. Chronic inflammation can lead to dysfunctions in large-scale brain networks. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and frontotemporal dementia, are associated with a substrate of dysregulated immune responses that impair the central nervous system balance. Recent evidence suggests that similar phenomena are involved in psychiatric diseases, such as depression, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The present review summarizes and discusses the main evidence linking the innate immunological response in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, thus providing insights into how the responses of innate immunity represent a common denominator between diseases belonging to the neurological and psychiatric sphere. Improved knowledge of such immunological aspects could provide the framework for the future development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

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Haferlach, Claudia, Manja Meggendorfer, Annette Fasan, Karolina Perglerová, Wolfgang Kern, and Torsten Haferlach. "A Comprehensive Panel of Molecular Mutations Notably Improves a Cytogenetic Prognostication System in Routine AML Diagnostics." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.286.286.

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Abstract Background: Based on sequencing studies the molecular landscape of AML has been unraveled. Novel prognostic scores combining molecular mutations and karyotype have been proposed (Grimwade et al. Blood, 2016, Döhner et al. NEJM 2015). However, these proposed classification systems differ in several aspects and yet no consensus has been established which genetic information is required for prognostication in AML today. Aims: 1) Test the prognostic value of a panel of molecular markers in addition to a cytogenetic score in a large cohort of AML patients. 2) Determine the proportion of patients with a suitable molecular marker for disease monitoring (MRD) applying molecular genetics. Patients and Methods: 867 de novo AML cases younger than 60 years were investigated (median age: 48 years, median follow up of 41 months). All patients were evaluated for karyotype, KMT2A-PTD, FLT3-ITD and in addition for mutation status of ASXL1, CEBPA, DNMT3A, NPM1, RUNX1 and TP53 according to the proposal by Grimwade et al. Blood 2016. Results: First, AML were classified according to the refined MRC cytogenetic classification with AML with t(15;17)/PML-RARA regarded as a separate group (n=89 (10%), 90% overall survival (OS) at 5 years). 89 cases (10%) were assigned to the favourable risk group (t(8;21)/RUNX1-RUNX1T1: n=42; inv(16)/t(16;16)/CBFB-MYH11: n=47), 570 (68%) to the intermediate risk group and 119 (14%) to the adverse risk group. OS at 5 years was 66%, 53% and 28%, respectively, and differed significantly between all four subgroups (for all comparisons p<0.001). Next, the following subgroups were separated: CEBPA double mutated (dm) cases (n=44 (5%); OS at 5 years: 83%), NPM1mut/FLT3-ITD- AML (n=181 (21%); OS at 5 years: 62%), and NPM1mut/FLT3-ITD+ AML (n=137 (16%); OS at 5 years: 47%; for all comparisons between these 3 groups p<0.001). Thus, prognosis of CEBPAdm cases was comparable to PML-RARA+ AML. OS in NPM1mut/FLT3-ITD- AML is comparable to CBF-leukemias. In NPM1mut AML no prognostic impact of DNMT3Amut was found. In all these 3 groups defined on molecular genetics no prognostic impact of additional karyotype information on OS was observed. Next, in the remaining cases of the cytogenetic intermediate risk group (n=209) the prognostic impact of mutations in ASXL1, DNMT3A, RUNX1, TP53, KMT2A-PTD and FLT3-ITD was evaluated. In multivariate Cox regression analysis mutations in TP53 (relative risk (RR): 3.5; p=0.04), ASXL1 (RR: 2.2, p=0.004), and FLT3-ITD (RR: 1.8; p=0.04) were independently associated with shorter OS. OS at 5 years was 25% in cases carrying at least one of these mutations compared to 54% in cases with none of these mutations (p=0.001). Within the adverse cytogenetic risk group cases with either a complex karyotype (n=27) or a KMT2A (n=25) or MECOM rearrangement (n=14) had the worst outcome compared to the remaining cases (OS at 5 yrs: 19% vs 54%, p=0.02). In the remaining cases the presence of at least one mutation in either ASXL1, TP53 or FLT3-ITD was associated with worse outcome (OS at 5 yrs: 33% vs 74%, p=0.04). Thus, AML with complex karyotype, KMT2A or MECOM rearrangements had the worst prognosis, while cases with adverse cytogenetics and at least one mutation in either ASXL1, TP53 or FLT3-ITD have a slightly better outcome which is comparable to AML with intermediate risk cytogenetics harbouring one of these mutations. OS in AML with adverse cytogenetics without mutations in ASXL1, TP53 or FLT3-ITD is not worse than in AML with intermediate cytogenetics also lacking these mutations. A fusion gene or a molecular mutation as target for MRD monitoring was present in 791 patients (91%) when all genes analysed were taken into account. If only markers showing prognostic relevance, i.e. fusion genes, mutations in NPM1, CEBPA, FLT3-ITD, ASXL1 and TP53 were considered a MRD marker was still available in 726 cases (84%). Conclusions: 1) In AML a prognostication system is feasible based on the identification of t(15;17)/PML-RARA, t(8;21)/RUNX1-RUNX1T1, inv(16)/t(16;16)/CBFB-MYH11, 11q23/KMT2A rearrangements, 3q26/MECOM rearrangements, complex karyotype, and mutation status of NPM1, CEBPA, ASXL1, TP53, and FLT3-ITD (figure 1). 2) The analysis of these parameters allows to identify an MRD marker in 84% of patients. 3) The analysis of additional genes may be required in a comprehensive AML work-up as soon as novel targeted treatment strategies will become available. Disclosures Haferlach: MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment, Equity Ownership. Meggendorfer:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment. Fasan:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment. Perglerová:MLL2 s.r.o.: Employment. Kern:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment, Equity Ownership. Haferlach:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment, Equity Ownership.

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Loukas, Alex, and Paul Prociv. "Immune Responses in Hookworm Infections." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 14, no. 4 (October 1, 2001): 689–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.14.4.689-703.2001.

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SUMMARY Hookworms infect perhaps one-fifth of the entire human population, yet little is known about their interaction with our immune system. The two major species are Necator americanus, which is adapted to tropical conditions, and Ancylostoma duodenale, which predominates in more temperate zones. While having many common features, they also differ in several key aspects of their biology. Host immune responses are triggered by larval invasion of the skin, larval migration through the circulation and lungs, and worm establishment in the intestine, where adult worms feed on blood and mucosa while injecting various molecules that facilitate feeding and modulate host protective responses. Despite repeated exposure, protective immunity does not seem to develop in humans, so that infections occur in all age groups (depending on exposure patterns) and tend to be prolonged. Responses to both larval and adult worms have a characteristic T-helper type 2 profile, with activated mast cells in the gut mucosa, elevated levels of circulating immunoglobulin E, and eosinoophilia in the peripheral blood and local tissues, features also characteristic of type I hypersensitivity reactions. The longevity of adult hookworms is determined probably more by parasite genetics than by host immunity. However, many of the proteins released by the parasites seem to have immunomodulatory activity, presumably for self-protection. Advances in molecular biotechnology enable the identification and characterization of increasing numbers of these parasite molecules and should enhance our detailed understanding of the protective and pathogenetic mechanisms in hookworm infections.

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Indyuhova, Arisov, Maximov, and Azarnova. "PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSE OF LAYING HEN’S ORGANISM TO DERMANYSSUS GALLINAE." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 22 (May 19, 2021): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6046256-1-3.2021.22.215-222.

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The paper discusses physiological and biochemical aspects of relations in the "parasite-host" system by the example of market Hy-Line laying hens and Dermanyssus gallinae. The hens of the experimental group were kept in a poultry house with a degree of D. gallinae infection at "+++"; this condition was considered as a stress factor for the birds. The control group had no parasitic agents. Blood was taken from 10 randomly selected birds from the experimental and control groups to determine physiological, biochemical and morphophysiological parameters. The complex of parameters was analyzed for carbohydrate-energy, protein and lipid metabolisms. The nature of metabolic processes in laying hens in dermanyssosis was assessed. The endocrine system supply of the hen’s organism with stress-associated hormones, in particular cortisol and triiodothyronine, was studied. The paper presents the results of molecular consequences of a stress reaction developed in hens in dermanyssosis. Stress in birds was accompanied by excessively activated lipid peroxidation, and a decrease in antioxidant defense. The trend to an increase in the content of Schiff’s bases, the end products of lipid peroxidation in the experimental hens, allows us to note the chronicity of stress reaction, which causes derangement of metabolism in hens in dermanyssosis. The third stage of stress reaction, the stage of exhaustion, was diagnosed in laying hens in dermanyssosis.

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Sharapova, Angelica, Marina Ol’khovich, Svetlana Blokhina, and German L. Perlovich. "Experimental Examination of Solubility and Lipophilicity as Pharmaceutically Relevant Points of Novel Bioactive Hybrid Compounds." Molecules 27, no. 19 (October 1, 2022): 6504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196504.

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The important physicochemical properties of three novel bioactive hybrid compounds with different groups (-CH3, -F and -Cl) were studied, including kinetic and thermodynamic solubility in pharmaceutically relevant solvents (buffer solutions and 1-octanol) as well as partition coefficient in system 1-octanol/buffer pH 7.4. The aqueous solubility of these chemicals is poor and ranged from 0.67 × 10−4 to 1.98 × 10−3 mol·L−1. The compounds studied are more soluble in the buffer pH 2.0, simulating the gastrointestinal tract environment (by an order of magnitude) than in the buffer pH 7.4 modelling plasma of blood. The solubility in 1-octanol is significantly higher; that is because of the specific interactions of the compounds with the solvent. The prediction solubility behaviour of the hybrid compounds using Hansen’s three-parameter approach showed acceptable results. The experimental solubility of potential drugs was successfully correlated by means of two commonly known equations: modified Apelblat and van’t Hoff. The temperature dependencies of partition coefficients of new hybrids in the model system 1-octanol/buffer pH 7.4 as a surrogate lipophilicity were measured by the shake flask method. It was found that compounds demonstrated a lipophilic nature and have optimal values of partition coefficients for oral absorption. Bioactive assay manifested that prepared compounds showed antifungal activities equal to or greater than fluconazole. In addition, the thermodynamic aspects of dissolution and partition processes have been examined. Bioactive assay manifested that prepared compounds showed antifungal activities equal to or greater than the reference drug.

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Birmpili, Dafni, Imane Charmarke Charmarke Askar, Kévin Bigaut, and Dominique Bagnard. "The Translatability of Multiple Sclerosis Animal Models for Biomarkers Discovery and Their Clinical Use." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19 (September 29, 2022): 11532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911532.

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Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system which is characterized by demyelinating lesions and axonal damage. MS is a complex disease characterized by important pathophysiological heterogeneity affecting the clinical appearance, progression and therapeutic response for each patient. Therefore, there is a strong unmet need to define specific biomarkers that will reflect the different features of the disease. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most commonly used experimental model for the study of MS, as it resembles the pathological features of human MS in many aspects and has allowed for the elucidation of pathogenesis pathways and the validation of certain targets for MS therapies. In this review, we discuss clinically relevant MS molecular biomarkers, divided into five groups based on the key pathological hallmarks of MS: inflammation, blood–brain barrier disruption, myelin and axonal damage, gliosis and, ultimately, repair mechanisms. To address the feasibility of translation between the animal model and human disease, we present an overview of several molecular biomarkers of each category and compare their respective deregulation patterns. We conclude that, like any disease animal model, EAE models can sometimes fail to mimic the entire spectrum of human disease, but they can nonetheless recapitulate the disease’s primary hallmarks. We show that the EAE model is a valuable tool for understanding MS physiopathological mechanisms and for identifying biomarkers fundamental for drug development.

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Punatar, Sachin, Vinodhini Murugaiyan, Anant Gokarn, Akanksha Chichra, Sumeet Prakash Mirgh, Lingaraj Nayak, Avinash Bonda, et al. "Comparison of Outcomes of Donor Lymphocyte Infusions with or without Lenalidomide in Patients with Hematological Malignancies Post Allogeneic Transplant." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-141898.

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Introduction Outcomes of patients (pts) with relapsed hematological malignancies post allogeneic stem cell transplant (ASCT) are dismal. Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is one of the treatment options; however outcomes with DLI are also poor especially in acute leukemias. Addition of immunomodulatory drugs to DLI may augment graft-versus-leukemia effect and may improve outcomes. Lenalidomide (len) is an immunomodulatory drug and has several effects on the immune system. Addition of len to DLI has been variably practiced at our centre. In this study, we retrospectively compare the outcomes of DLI with or without len. Methods All pts who received DLI from January 2010 to January 2020 were included in this retrospective analysis. No immunosuppressant prophylaxis was administered and ongoing immunosuppression (if any) was stopped prior to DLI. DLI was defined as therapeutic if it was given for hematological relapse (with or without cytoreductive chemotherapy); pre-emptive if there was cytogenetic / flow cytometric / molecular relapse or slipping chimerism. DLI was prophylactic if it was given to prevent a relapse in the absence of any of the above features. Len was given on a continuous schedule at a starting dose of 2.5-25 mg/day. Len was started along with 1st or subsequent DLI as per discretion of treating clinician. For the purpose of this study, pts were divided into two groups - those who received DLI alone (no len group) versus those who received DLI with len (len group). In both groups, cytoreductive chemotherapy was given for some pts with hematological relapse at discretion of treating physician. Event free and overall survival were calculated from the date of 1st DLI. Event was defined as hematological relapse / progression or death. Complete response (CR) was defined as attainment of full donor chimerism in those with chimerism slippage; attainment of cytogenetic/ flow/molecular negativity in those with any of these positive at time of DLI; attainment of morphological remission in those with hematologic relapse. The primary objective was to compare the overall survival (OS) in no len group versus len group. Secondary endpoints were event free survival (EFS), CR rates, grade II-IV acute GVHD, len related toxicities and therapy related mortality. Patient and donor age, gender, diagnosis, type of ASCT, disease risk index (DRI), time to relapse (or slipping chimerism), type of DLI, pre-DLI morphological disease status, and HLA-A*24 or B*40 in pts were evaluated as factors affecting outcomes with or without len. (HLA-A*24 and B*40 were selected because of prior data from our institute showing benefit of len in pts with AML who had these alleles.) Statistical analysis was done using standard methods. Survival was assessed by Kaplan Meier method. All p values were 2 sided; p value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results Total 61 pts received DLI. Table 1 shows the baseline characteristics, transplant details, & details of DLI & len. The 2 groups were comparable in all aspects except for younger age in len group. Median OS (Fig 1a) and EFS (Fig 1b) were not different in len vs no len group (11 vs 8 months, p=0.66 and 6 vs 2 months, p=0.42). Len was not associated with improvement in OS in pts with myeloid malignancies (n=47, median OS 8 vs 3 months, p=0.80) or in AML pts (n=25, median OS 9 months vs 2 months, p=0.47). Among pts with HLA-A*24 or B*40 (n=26), there was an improvement in OS (median not reached vs 8 months, 4 year OS 62% vs 32%, p=0.1) (Fig 1c) and EFS (median 9 vs 1 month, 4 year EFS 50% vs 22%, p=0.1) (Fig 1d) with len. In this subgroup, hazard ratio for both OS and EFS was 0.47 (Fig 1e and 1f respectively). 49 pts had measurable disease / slipped chimerism at DLI. Among these, CR rate was not different between the 2 groups (41% vs 40% with len, p=0.9). Median time to CR was similar (31 vs 38 days, p= 0.36). Post DLI acute grade II-IV GVHD developed in 8 (19%) in no len group vs 4 (22%) in len group respectively, p=0.75. Median duration of len was 36 days. In the len group, 17 discontinued len; 8 (44%) due to disease progression, 5 (28%) due to GVHD, 3 (17%) due to cytopenias and 1 due to unrelated cause. Death due to DLI related GVHD was seen in 1 (6%) and 4 (9%) in len and no len group respectively, p=0.6. Conclusions There was no difference in outcomes in patients who received DLI with or without len. However, in subset of patients who had HLA*24 or B*40, an improvement in OS and EFS was seen. The relation of above HLA alleles with len needs further exploration. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare. OffLabel Disclosure: This abstract discusses the use of lenalidomide as an immunomodulatory drug to enhance the graft versus leukemia effect of donor lymphocyte infusions for hematological malignancies post allogeneic transplant.

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Hassan, Mona A., Tarek Gamal Abedelmaksoud, and Ahmed A. Abd El-Maksoud. "Effects of Lactoferrin Supplemented with Fermented Milk on Obesity-Associated Pancreatic Damage in Rats." Life 12, no. 12 (December 3, 2022): 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12122019.

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Non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease is a newly emerging disease that represents an important risk factor for the development of pancreatic cancer. Obesity is a risk factor for pancreatic diseases, including pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. On the other hand, the development of healthy aspects-based food products is a recent trend. Lactoferrin is a component of the body’s immune system, which interacts with DNA, RNA, polysaccharides, and heparin, and it has many biological functions and many important immunomodulatory properties. Thus, this study aims to investigate the enhancement effect of supplementation of lactoferrin with stirred yogurt on weight gain, lipid profile, glucose level, and pancreatic enzymes in animals fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Forty-eight female albino rats were divided into 6 groups treated orally for 45 days as follows: negative control (basal diet), positive control (add 1% cholesterol), stirred yogurt (SY), Lactoferrin LF (100 mg/kg bw), supplementation of lactoferrin with stirred yogurt SY–LF at two concentrations LF1 (50 mg/kg bw) and LF2 (100 mg/kg bw). Blood and pancreas samples were collected for different analyses. Animals fed with a HFD showed a significant increase in body weight, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), glucose level, amylase, and Lipase enzymes (44.72%, 151.33 mg/dL, 142.67 mg/dL, 85.37 mg/dL, 141.33 mg/dL, 39.33 U/mL, 23.43 U/mL). Moreover, it observed a significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL, 37.33 mg/dL); meanwhile, SY fortified with lactoferrin was useful in losing weight gain and improving lipid profile, pancreas function, and histological change in the pancreas. The supplementation of lactoferrin at 100 mg/Kg bw with LB. Acidophilus as a probiotic was more effective for pancreas functions. This application is a natural protective alternative to manufactured medicines for children and the elderly as a natural product.

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Alessandrini, Marco, Emil Beltchev, Roger Pool, and Michael Pepper. "Evaluation Of The AMLprofiler in The South African Context: Report On Preliminary Findings." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 5590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.5590.5590.

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Abstract Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is typified by diverse genetic abnormalities and marked heterogeneity in both response to treatment and survival. Diagnosis is made according to a World Health Organisation classification system, whereby clinicians are able to categorise cases into favourable, intermediate and poor risk groups. This has recently been augmented by several novel molecular biomarkers, such as genetic alterations of NPM1 and CEBPA that infer a favourable prognosis, and increased expression levels of BAALC and EVI1 that infer an unfavourable prognosis. Molecular investigations for the prognostic stratification of AML are limited in South Africa, and only FLT3 and NPM1 variants are requested for a minority of cases. The AMLprofilerTM from Skyline Diagnostics is a novel diagnostic microarray that incorporates seven molecular variables used to predict post therapy survival rates. The goals of the study are to evaluate the benefits of the AMLprofilerTM in the South African setting. Bone marrow was collected from patients diagnosed with de novo AML, based on a blast count of greater 20%, and material was submitted for routine cytogenetic, FISH and molecular testing. Although the AMLprofilerTM is not indicated for diagnostic use on peripheral blood, matching samples were collected where possible, and also in cases where clinicians were unable to obtain bone marrow from patients. RNA was isolated within 48 hours of collection and the samples prepared for analysis on an Affymetrix microarray platform (GeneChip® System 3000Dx v.2). Results were investigated for concordance with routine testing methods and value-add with respect to cost, time and the personnel required. Samples from both the public and private sectors are being collected, for which logistical aspects differ significantly and are considered for the comparisons. A total of 65 AML patient samples are planned for collection, of which 50 will be from bone marrow and 15 from peripheral blood. To date, 22 samples have been assayed to completion and reported. The sample thus far is comprised of 68% Caucasian and 32% Black African samples; 72% male and 25% female; 90% from the public sector and 10% from private. Results indicate that several samples were determined to be positive for molecular biomarkers not routinely investigated in South Africa, including CEBPA, BAALC and EVI1. Interestingly, none of the samples were reported to harbour the favourable prognostic marker NPM1, which is reported globally at frequencies ranging from 25-40%. Reporting via standard approaches varies in cost and time to result, which ranges from five to 27 days. Implementation of the AMLprofilerTM would offer an opportunity to report in a consistent manner and price, and in a more reliable time frame. Preliminary data indicates benefit for use of AMLprofilerTM in South Africa, and would allow for improved risk stratification of patients with AML. The comprehensive nature of the microarray and the considerable decreased time to result are factors that could potentially lead to more rapid initiation of appropriate therapy for patients with AML. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Knobler, Robert, Ulrike Just, Elke Dimou, Gabriele Klosner, Hildegard T. Greinix, Alexander Becherer, and Franz Trautinger. "Trafficking of 8-MOP Treated Leucocytes After Extracorporeal Photopheresis in Humans." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 1258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.1258.1258.

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Abstract Abstract 1258 Extracorporeal Photoimmunotherapy (ECP, photopheresis) was first introduced for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and is now widely used for this and other conditions including systemic sclerosis, graft-versus-host disease (GvHD ), organ transplant rejection, Crohn's disease und other autoimmune disorders. Although from studies in animals and humans much has been learned on how ECP affects the immune system many basic aspects of how the treatment works are still poorly understood. In CTCL presentation of antigens from treated cells by activated dentritic cells might induce an immune response specific to the disease. Furthermore, particularly in transplantation medicine generation of regulatory T-cells might play an important role in the immunoregulatory effects of ECP. Aim of the prospective study was to elucidate a more basic mechanistic question of ECP's mode of action regarding the fate of 8-MOP-UVA exposed radiolabeled cells after ECP treatment after reinfusion into the patient. PATIENTS, MATERIALS, AND METHODS: In this prospective single center study peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and neutrophils of 10 patients undergoing ECP as part of their regular treatment were labeled separately with 111In-oxine after exposure to 8-MOP/UVA and prior to re-infusion. The fate of the labeled leukocytes was monitored at 10 min, 3.5 h, and 24 h following reinfusion with whole body scintigraphy. RESULTS: Our data show that viability of 8-MOP/UVA treated PBMC and neutrophils was only minimally affected by the labelling procedure. Due to the high viability after the labelling procedure our technique results in a sufficiently strong signal that can be picked up by the scanning instrument so that we were able to follow the labelled cells for 24 h and possibly also beyond. Comparison of distribution patterns demonstrated that PBMC and neutrophils have different kinetic patterns after intravenous reinjection. The most prominent difference was immediate retention of PBMC but not of neutrophils in the lungs corresponding to a signal five times more intense. After 24 hours more than 80% of both cell populations could be detected in liver and spleen. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: By means of a novel tool allowing for tracking of 8-MOP/UVA exposed leukocytes in ECP, we could show that specific radiolabelling of blood cells after photopheresis in humans is feasible with a high yield and low cell damage and that 8-MOP/UVA treated PBMC and neutrophils have different and specific migration patterns. From our observation it appears that PBMC show a higher retention in the capillary bed of the lungs and are more rapidly sequestered from the bloodstream than neutrophils. The technique described here is perfectly applicable to further investigate organ specific leukocyte homing with specifically designed trials in specific disease groups. Furthermore, our data can be used to provide a new view on the mechanisms of ECP and help to generate new hypotheses that can fuel translational research. Possible target of such studies are the molecular mechanisms and target structures involved that mediate PBMC retention in the capillary bed of the lungs and their eventual migration from the bloodstream. Disclosures: Knobler: Therakos Inc.: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.

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Sasaki, Koji, Josep-Maria Ribera, Mary Figueroa, Farhad Ravandi, Nicholas J. Short, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Naval G. Daver, et al. "The Impact of Smoking on Survival in Patients (Pts) with Newly Diagnosed Philadelphia Chromosome Positive (Ph+) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Treated with the Combination of Intensive Therapy with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI)." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 3815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-129396.

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Background: Cigarette smoking induces alterations in DNA methylation in mononuclear cells in peripheral blood which persist over decades, however the impact on leukemia therapy is not well studied. Furthermore, smoking may increase the risk of cardiovascular events during TKI therapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of cigarette smoking on outcome in pts with newly diagnosed Ph+ALL treated with the combination of intensive therapy with a TKI and to describe a mouse model that will elucidate mechanistic aspects of our observations. Methods: From 04/2001 to 04/2018, 202 pts with newly diagnosed Ph+ALL who received the combination of intensive therapy (hyper-CVAD) with imatinib, dasatinib, or ponatinib were analyzed. Smoker was defined as prior history of smoking equal to or more than 1 pack-year (PY) history of smoking before the diagnosis of Ph+ALL. External validation was performed on independent dataset including 72 pts who were treated with the combination of intensive therapy and imatinib. In order to identify the molecular features underlying cigarette smoking, we utilized a Ph+ ALL pt derived xenograft implanted into NOD-SCID IL2R gamma chain deficient mice. Prior to injection of leukemic cells by tail vein, mice were divided into smoking or nonsmoking groups. To model cigarette smoking, research cigarettes were burnt at a rate of 3 puffs per minute in a chambered smoking machine for 2 hours daily, 5 days per week for two weeks prior to implantation of human Ph+ ALL PDX. To determine if chemicals present in cigarettes (without combustion) are exerting direct effects on Ph+ ALL cells, 3 pts-derived Ph+ ALL cell lines (Z-181, Z-33 and Z-119) were cultured in the presence or absence of cigarette smoke condensate. Results: Pt characteristics are summarized in Table1; 54 (27%) were treated with HCVAD + imatinib; 72 (36%) with HCVAD + dasatinib; and 76 (38%) with HCVAD + ponatinib. The median follow-up was 77 months. 82 pts (41%) were identified as smokers (Table 1). The median PY of smoking was 20 (1-160). 5-year CR duration (CRD) was 53% and 78% in the smoker and non-smoker cohort, respectively (p=0.006) (Figure 1A); 5-year OS rates were 31% and 67%, respectively (p<0.001) (Figure 2A). Of the 54 pts who received HCVAD + imatinib, the 5-year CRD were 49% and 70%, respectively (p=0.202) (Figure 1B); the 5-year OS rates were 33% and 50%, respectively (p=0.218) (Figure 2B). Of the 72 pts who received HCVAD + dasatinib, the 5-year CR duration was 50% and 70% in the smoker and non-smoker cohort, respectively (p=0.249) (Figure 1C); the 5-year OS rate was 30% and 59%, respectively (p=0.013). Of the 76 pts who received HCVAD + ponatinib, the 5-year CRD were 63% and 93%, respectively (p=0.018); the 5-year OS rates were 23% and 91%, respectively (p<0.001). Multivariate Cox regression identified the presence of central nervous system disease (p=0.011; HR= 3.141), P190 transcript (p=0.001; HR=0.254), the achievement of 3-month CMR (p=0.014; HR=2.119), and smoking PY (p=0.001; HR=1.014) as prognostic factors for OS. Among 72 pts in the external validation cohort, 20 (28%) were smokers. Despite, the relatively small number of pts with only 20 smokers, there was a tendency of lower CR rates (90% vs 70%, p=0.69) and lower 4-year CRD rates (62% vs 70%, p=0.693) in smokers vs non-smokers (90% versus 98%; P=0.205). The median OS was 3.4 years and not reached (p=0.371), respectively. The tendency of worse outcome is consistent with our results of pts who received HCVAD + imatinib. These trends were consistent in our mouse and cell line models. Mice became moribund roughly 60 days post Ph+ ALL PDX engraftment and leukemic burden was significantly higher in mice exposed to cigarette smoke (p= 0.003). In the presence of cigarette smoke condensate, high doses (2 uM) of imatinib were less effective in the cell lines compared to unexposed cells (p=0.002), supporting a role for a chemical component of cigarettes in promoting TKI resistance. Conclusion: Smoking is an independent poor prognostic factor of outcome in pts treated with chemotherapy and TKI, and can be accurately modeling in PDX bearing mice and cell lines. The best outcome was obtained in non-smokers treated with chemotherapy and ponatinib (5-year OS rate of 91%). The adverse effect of smoking on survival seems more prominent in pts who were treated with dasatinib and ponatinib. Smoking mechanisms, with an emphasis on DNA methylation changes, leading to this poor outcome are being studied. Disclosures Sasaki: Pfizer: Consultancy; Otsuka: Honoraria. Ravandi:Cyclacel LTD: Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Selvita: Research Funding; Macrogenix: Consultancy, Research Funding; Menarini Ricerche: Research Funding; Xencor: Consultancy, Research Funding. Short:Amgen: Honoraria; Takeda Oncology: Consultancy, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy. Garcia-Manero:Amphivena: Consultancy, Research Funding; Helsinn: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; AbbVie: Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Astex: Consultancy, Research Funding; Onconova: Research Funding; H3 Biomedicine: Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding. Kadia:Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Jazz: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Bioline RX: Research Funding; Genentech: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pharmacyclics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Research Funding; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Research Funding. Konopleva:Reata Pharmaceuticals: Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties; Ablynx: Research Funding; Kisoji: Consultancy, Honoraria; Genentech: Honoraria, Research Funding; Ascentage: Research Funding; F. Hoffman La-Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Cellectis: Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Eli Lilly: Research Funding; Forty-Seven: Consultancy, Honoraria; Stemline Therapeutics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Calithera: Research Funding; Astra Zeneca: Research Funding; Agios: Research Funding. Jain:Genentech: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics, an AbbVie company: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Servier: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Cellectis: Research Funding; Verastem: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Precision Biosciences: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; ADC Therapeutics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. DiNardo:medimmune: Honoraria; agios: Consultancy, Honoraria; daiichi sankyo: Honoraria; jazz: Honoraria; syros: Honoraria; notable labs: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria; celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria. Pemmaraju:abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; cellectis: Research Funding; celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; samus: Research Funding; incyte: Consultancy, Research Funding; sagerstrong: Research Funding; affymetrix: Research Funding; Stemline Therapeutics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; plexxikon: Research Funding; Daiichi-Sankyo: Research Funding; mustangbio: Consultancy, Research Funding. Cortes:Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Sun Pharma: Research Funding; Merus: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Research Funding; Astellas Pharma: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Immunogen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding; BiolineRx: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; Forma Therapeutics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Biopath Holdings: Consultancy, Honoraria. O'Brien:Aptose Biosciences, Inc: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Acerta: Research Funding; Alexion: Consultancy; Verastem: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Kite: Research Funding; GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy; Gilead: Consultancy, Research Funding; Eisai: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Astellas: Consultancy; Vaniam Group LLC: Consultancy; TG Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Sunesis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Regeneron: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company: Consultancy, Research Funding. Kantarjian:Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Cyclacel: Research Funding; Ariad: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Daiichi-Sankyo: Research Funding; AbbVie: Honoraria, Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding; Agios: Honoraria, Research Funding; Immunogen: Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Astex: Research Funding; Jazz Pharma: Research Funding; Actinium: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Honoraria. Jabbour:Amgen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Adaptive: Consultancy, Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Cyclacel LTD: Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding.

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39

Simeoni, Ricardo. "Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Quantum Mechanical Perspective." UNET JOSS: Journal of Science and Society 2, no. 1 (May 9, 2022): 20–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52042/unetjoss020103.

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Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) or systemic exertional intolerance disease (SEID), is an illness dominated by long-term fatigue persisting for more than six months, incapacitating to the point of sufferers being bedridden or housebound in some cases, and unexplained by some other underlying medical condition. CFS is also often characterised by unrefreshing sleep, post-exertional discomfort ranging from malaise to extreme exhaustion, orthostatic (upright posture) intolerance, muscle pain, cognitive impairment (including the commonly described symptom of "brain fog"), and deterioration in cellular bioenergetics [1-3]. Scientific estimates of the world-wide population percentage that suffer from CFS naturally vary, but a conservative estimate based on several studies is at least 0.4%, thereby equating to millions world-wide [1-4]. Thankfully, after decades of dismissal by some quarters, leading to despair and exasperation of sufferers, CFS is now widely accepted as a legitimate illness. However, while depreciating labels such as "yuppy flu" have subsequently been banished to recent history, this new-found acceptance provides comfort for sufferers only up to a certain point. Viz., CFS is still far from fully understood and is often described as a complex, multisystem illness with no clear pathological mechanisms or diagnostic biomarkers [1-3], from which treatment uncertainty ensues [1,2]. Sadly, due in no small part to this uncertainty and the illness characteristics of the opening paragraph, the suicide rate of CFS sufferers has been reported as approximately seven times that of their healthy counterparts [1,5]. The economic and other social impacts of CFS are difficult to determine because of the arbitrariness of case definitions, lack of evidence including prevalence data, diagnostic inability of some physicians due to factors such as disbelief and lack of understanding (one major survey [4] reveals that 62% of sufferers are not confident in their general physician’s understanding), and difficulty many sufferers have in explaining the symptoms of their illness (another survey [2] shows that a majority or substantial proportion, depending on factors such as country of origin, have difficulty explaining their illness to not only physicians but also family and friends). Societal impacts of CFS have nonetheless been assessed by various committees (e.g., associated with the United States’ Institute of Medicine) and working/action groups (e.g., associated with the European Union). As expected, the economic impact of CFS is formally declared to be significant, with the net income of a CFS household in Europe being substantially lower than general population households (i.e., individual productivity effect), and the total annual cost burden being tens of billions of dollars in the United States alone [1-4]. The World Health Organization generally classifies CFS as a neurological illness involving the central nervous system. Some notable and more specific examples of proposed CFS aetiology components are summarised below, with these examples reflecting the complex multisystem nature of CFS and not necessarily being mutually exclusive: • Recent studies suggest that CFS arises from functional changes in the brain, with spectroscopic and inflammatory brain changes (e.g., following repeated exercise) also demonstrated. However, uncertainty over the character, location and propensity of such changes remains and the need for further functional neuroimaging studies is recognised [2,3,6,7]. • A significant increase in red blood cell (RBC) stiffness is reported in CFS, suggesting that compromised RBC transport through microcapillaries may contribute to CFS aetiology and that this diminished deformability could form the basis of a first-pass diagnostic test [8]. Further to this point, the previously identified CFS characteristic of orthostatic intolerance (estimated to occur in up to 97% of cases) is linked to under-oxygenatation of the brain to which diminished RBC deformability is thought to be a contributing factor [9]. • Unusual RBC shape, leading to reduced blood flow and changes in molecular docking on the RBC surface, is reported in CFS [10]. The subsequent increase in the number of stomatocytes (RBCs that have lost their typical concave shape, due for example to membrane defect), adds to the previous point of diminished RBC deformability to support poor microcirculation as contributing to CFS aetiology. • Dysfunction of mitochondria (subcellular organelles within the cytoplasm of aerobic cells) is found in CFS, with the interference of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production being one of several consequences within the explanatory pathological pathway [11] (ATP is fundamentally essential for cellular-level metabolic energy requirements as outlined in Section 3). • CFS is largely resolved as not being attributable to some ongoing infection, endocrine disorder, or psychiatric condition [3,6]. While some similarly do not assign an immunological disorder attribution, more often over-stimulation or over-reaction of the immune system (hyperimmune response), impaired immune system response, immuno-inflammatory, and oxidative damage to the immune system, are all utilised expressions associated with CFS [3,6,8,1113], which in several research circles is described as a neuroimmune disease [1,11,14]. This immunological quandary again highlights the complexity of the ongoing medical challenge at hand. One clear aspect of CFS is that underlying pathophysiology implicates a range of different acute infections as onset triggers in a significant minority of cases (i.e., infections like Epstein-Barr, Ross River and the 2003 outbreak variant of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, or SARS, viruses). No other medical or psychological factors are definitively implicated in CFS [7]. For many observers such triggerings are mindful of, if not directly related to, the crippling fatigue that is widely reported within contemporary media and recent studies as a lasting symptom of COVID-19. Such COVID-19-triggred CFS has led to the coined phrases of COVID-19 "long-haulers" or "long COVID", and has returned CFS to the public awareness spotlight [12]. However, too familiarly the lack of definitive CFS biomarkers is again confirmed by long COVID research, and sadly the dismissive attitudes of some in the medical profession is also a point of exasperation for long COVID sufferers [12], contributing for example to the in-desperation-establishment of a "long COVID kids" Facebook site in the United Kingdom. Established treatments, such as cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and graded exercise therapy (GET), primarily aim to manage the symptoms and improve the overall function of sufferers. The confounding nature of CFS extends to these treatments, since there is wide ongoing debate over their effectiveness [1,15]. For example, while GET is shown to benefit some, for others it is essentially considered just "cruel". A host of alternative treatments, some of which may be described as holistic or naturopathic or similar, naturally also exist, such as cryogenic, floatation and oxygen therapies, to name just a few. It is not the intention or place of the present article to compare, critique or scientifically review such treatments. It will simply be stated that, at least anecdotally, some such treatments seem to bring relief to some individuals (which is a positive outcome for those lucky enough to find any relief), but certainly most do not consider these treatments to be CFS cures or long-term major alleviators for the majority. Contemporary scientific scrutiny into how COVID-19 can damage the brain [13,16,17], and suggesting that the virus’ fatigue and adverse neurological effects (such as loss of smell and taste, altered mental states that can lead to the development of psychoses, and brain shrinkage in regions essential for processing memory, cognition and emotion) are indeed due to some hyperimmune response with neuroinflammation, does however offer many CFS sufferers new hope. Viz., hope that as a result of such scrutiny highly effective treatments (e.g., neural rewiring therapies [16]) and eventual cure await, even with the caveat of caution around some uncertain degree of overlap between COVID and non-COVID CFS. The present article’s title with cartoon of a fatigued physicist upon first glance likely appears incongruous. However, while some delight was taken in choosing this "humorous-to-a-physicist" title, the article is journalistically serious and does not make light of CFS. Rather, in addition to the above CFS overview, the article reflects upon a presented clinical Case Study of a seemingly recovering CFS sufferer, to form a justified CFS hypothesis for future testing. The to-be-formed hypothesis follows from the unique neuro-perspectives of [18], which explore central nervous system impulse encoding revelations via a new approach to high-order electroencephalogram (EEG) phase analysis. Given that CFS has a neurological component, can these new perspectives be applied to the area of CFS, and in particular to the to-be-presented Case Study of recovery? While this tangent might seem a long bow to draw, perhaps a fresh CFS perspective is just what is currently needed. Despite the quantum mechanical aspects to come and references [18] and [19], the latter on a discrete oscillator phase noise effect applied within phase-shift keying radiofrequency (RF) digital signal modulation, being recommended prior readings for those with a biomedical engineering or similar background, no such specialist backgrounds are assumed for readers. In brief, the present article represents academic (science and medicine) journalism that is hopefully considered high-interest, and shares via Case Study the clinical/medical results, collated over several years, for a scientifically dependent individual. The eventually formed hypothesis is intended for testing within a future formalised study, and so presently may be countered by alternative explanatory hypotheses, such as placebo and simple recovery coincidence, which are also identified.

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40

Soud, Shemaa A., and Salwa H. N. Al-Rubae'i. "Study of ABO System and Multiple Sclerosis disease in Iraq." Iraqi Journal of Science, June 30, 2022, 2345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2022.63.6.3.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of an autoimmune condition with uncertain etiopathology. According to new data, ABO system had played a role in the development and understanding numerous diseases. Lower level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25-OHD3) is considered as a risk factor for MS. The aims of this study is to identify the role of blood group distribution on the levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-OHD3, total calcium, inorganic phosphorus and total magnesium on MS patients. Additionally, we assessed the relation between Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and study parameters in patients. The Study included 107 patients with MS were distributed in to four groups according to their blood group (A, B, AB, and O). Additionally, 124 apparently healthy individuals as control group. Tukey analysis was showed the level of 25-OHD3 in patients with B+ was significant decrease than O+ and A+ patients group (P≤0.05). Furthermore, EDSS was negatively correlated with 25-OHD3 (P≤0.05) in B+ and O+ patient groups. Through this study, ABO group may be consider as a risk factor for MS susceptibility as another interesting variable.

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Govender, Lavendri, Rosaley D. Prakashchandra, Pavitra Pillay, and Ute Jentsch. "Molecular red cell genotyping of rare blood donors in South Africa to enhance rare donor-patient blood matching." African Journal of Laboratory Medicine 10, no. 1 (September 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1400.

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Background: Molecular red cell genotyping is devoid of serology limitations such as the scarcity of rare antisera and the possibility of inconclusive results due to biological interferences. Blood incompatibility can result in immune transfusion reactions such as haemolytic transfusion reactions or haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn.Objective: The study aimed to use molecular red cell genotyping to identify rare blood group donors among South African blood donors.Methods: Red cell genotyping data were extracted retrospectively from the BIDS XT genotyping software in the Immunohaematology Reference Laboratory from January 2015 to August 2016. The ID CORE XT genotyping assay was used to identify the single nucleotide polymorphisms of 10 blood groups system alleles in 150 donors. Associations between the resultant genotypes and predicted phenotypes, ABO group, RhD type, race group and gender were studied.Results: Significant red cell genetic variability was noted among the numerous South African donor genotypes identified in this study. Genotyping further confirmed the presence of at least one of the 16 rare genotypes in 50 donors. Group O Black donors were associated with two rare blood types, while several other rare blood types were found only in White donors, supporting an association between ABO/Rh subtype, race group and rare blood types.Conclusion: Targeted screening of donors for antigen-negative rare blood units for patients should be done to reduce the risk of haemolytic transfusion reactions and haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn.

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42

O’Boyle, Hillary, Anjali Kirpalani, Lindsay Weiss, Nicole Hames, Ruoxing Li, Traci Leong, Mark Gonzalez, Andrea Shane, and Courtney Charvat. "Management and Outcomes of Salmonella Gastroenteritis in the Era of Rapid Molecular Testing." Hospital Pediatrics, October 20, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/hpeds.2021-006450.

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Molecular diagnostics provide a rapid and sensitive diagnosis of gastroenteritis compared with a stool culture. In this study, we seek to describe the changes in medical management and outcomes of children with Salmonella gastroenteritis as our hospital system adopted molecular diagnostics. METHODS: This study is a retrospective chart review of children <18 years of age diagnosed with nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis between 2008 and 2018 at a large pediatric health care system in the southeastern United States. Those with immunocompromising conditions and hemoglobinopathies were excluded. Patients diagnosed via molecular testing were compared with those diagnosed solely by stool culture for aspects of management including admission rates, blood culture obtainment, and antibiotic administration. RESULTS: Of 965 eligible patients with Salmonella gastroenteritis, 264 (27%) had a stool molecular test and 701 (73%) only had a stool culture performed. Groups were similar in age and presentation. Those diagnosed by molecular methods had higher hospitalization rates (69% vs 50%, P <.001), more blood cultures obtained (54% vs 44%, P <.01), and received more antibiotics (49% vs 34%, P <.001) despite statistically similar rates of bacteremia (11% vs 19%, P = .05). CONCLUSIONS: The rapid diagnosis of Salmonella gastroenteritis by molecular methods was associated with increased hospital admission rates, blood culture obtainment, and antibiotic use. This suggests possible overmedicalization of uncomplicated Salmonella gastroenteritis, and clinicians should remain cognizant of the possibility of providing low-value care for uncomplicated disease.

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43

Yang, Shuo, Ting Feng, ChengYong Ma, Tiehao Wang, Hongqin Chen, Liman Li, Yuan Liu, Bin Zhou, Rong Zhou, and Hong Li. "Early Pregnancy Human Decidua Gamma/Delta T Cells Exhibit Tissue Resident and Specific Functional Characteristics." Molecular Human Reproduction, June 27, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molehr/gaac023.

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Abstract A successful pregnancy is a complicated process that builds upon two aspects of the maternal immune system that need to be balanced. As one of the indispensable groups of immune cell at the maternal-fetal interface, the decidual gamma/delta (γδ) T cells have attracted research attention in normal pregnancy and miscarriage. However, the role of γδ T cells in fetal growth remains poorly understood. Here we found that the γδ T cell population resident in decidua during early pregnancy was enriched and secreted growth factors including growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1). A diminution in such growth factors may impair fetal development and result in fetal growth restriction. We also observed that early decidual γδ T cells exhibited stronger cytokine-secretion characteristics, but that their cytotoxic actions against A549 cells were weaker, compared with γδ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In addition, the functional abilities of early decidual γδ T cells in promoting trophoblast cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation were also significantly more robust than in γδ T cells of PBMCs. These findings highlight the importance of γδ T cells in fetal growth and maternal immunotolerance during pregnancy, and show that they differ from γδ T cells in PBMCs. We thus recommend additional investigation in this research area to further elucidate a role for γδ T cells in pregnancy.

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Chavdarov, Anatoliy V. "Special Issue No. – 10, June, 2020 Journal > Special Issue > Special Issue No. – 10, June, 2020 > Page 5 “Quantative Methods in Modern Science” organized by Academic Paper Ltd, Russia MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF THE GENUS GAGEA SALISB., GROWING IN THE EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION Authors: Zhamal T. Igissinova,Almash A. Kitapbayeva,Anargul S. Sharipkhanova,Alexander L. Vorobyev,Svetlana F. Kolosova,Zhanat K. Idrisheva, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00041 Abstract: Due to ecological preferences among species of the genus GageaSalisb, many plants are qualified as rare and/or endangered. Therefore, the problem of rational use of natural resources, in particular protection of early spring plant species is very important. However, literary sources analysis only reveals data on the biology of species of this genus. The present research,conducted in the spring of 2017-2019, focuses on anatomical and morphological features of two Altai species: Gagealutea and Gagea minima; these features were studied, clarified and confirmed by drawings and photographs. The anatomical structure of the stem and leaf blade was studied in detail. The obtained research results will prove useful for studies of medicinal raw materials and honey plants. The aforementioned species are similar in morphological features, yet G. minima issmaller in size, and its shoots appear earlier than those of other species Keywords: Flora,gageas,Altai species,vegetative organs., Refference: I. Atlas of areas and resources of medicinal plants of Kazakhstan.Almaty, 2008. II. Baitenov M.S. Flora of Kazakhstan.Almaty: Ġylym, 2001. III. DanilevichV. G. ThegenusGageaSalisb. of WesternTienShan. PhD Thesis, St. Petersburg,1996. IV. EgeubaevaR.A., GemedzhievaN.G. The current state of stocks of medicinal plants in some mountain ecosystems of Kazakhstan.Proceedings of the international scientific conference ‘”Results and prospects for the development of botanical science in Kazakhstan’, 2002. V. Kotukhov Yu.A. New species of the genus Gagea (Liliaceae) from Southern Altai. Bot. Journal.1989;74(11). VI. KotukhovYu.A. ListofvascularplantsofKazakhstanAltai. Botan. Researches ofSiberiaandKazakhstan.2005;11. VII. KotukhovYu. The current state of populations of rare and endangered plants in Eastern Kazakhstan. Almaty: AST, 2009. VIII. Kotukhov Yu.A., DanilovaA.N., AnufrievaO.A. Synopsisoftheonions (AlliumL.) oftheKazakhstanAltai, Sauro-ManrakandtheZaisandepression. BotanicalstudiesofSiberiaandKazakhstan. 2011;17: 3-33. IX. Kotukhov, Yu.A., Baytulin, I.O. Rareandendangered, endemicandrelictelementsofthefloraofKazakhstanAltai. MaterialsoftheIntern. scientific-practical. conf. ‘Sustainablemanagementofprotectedareas’.Almaty: Ridder, 2010. X. Krasnoborov I.M. et al. The determinant of plants of the Republic of Altai. Novosibirsk: SB RAS, 2012. XI. Levichev I.G. On the species status of Gagea Rubicunda. Botanical Journal.1997;6:71-76. XII. Levichev I.G. A new species of the genus Gagea (Liliaceae). Botanical Journal. 2000;7: 186-189. XIII. Levichev I.G., Jangb Chang-gee, Seung Hwan Ohc, Lazkovd G.A.A new species of genus GageaSalisb.(Liliaceae) from Kyrgyz Republic (Western Tian Shan, Chatkal Range, Sary-Chelek Nature Reserve). Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity.2019; 12: 341-343. XIV. Peterson A., Levichev I.G., Peterson J. Systematics of Gagea and Lloydia (Liliaceae) and infrageneric classification of Gagea based on molecular and morphological data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.2008; 46. XV. Peruzzi L., Peterson A., Tison J.-M., Peterson J. Phylogenetic relationships of GageaSalisb.(Liliaceae) in Italy, inferred from molecular and morphological data matrices. Plant Systematics and Evolution; 2008: 276. XVI. Rib R.D. Honey plants of Kazakhstan. Advertising Digest, 2013. XVII. Scherbakova L.I., Shirshikova N.A. Flora of medicinal plants in the vicinity of Ust-Kamenogorsk. Collection of materials of the scientific-practical conference ‘Unity of Education, Science and Innovation’. Ust-Kamenogorsk: EKSU, 2011. XVIII. syganovA.P. PrimrosesofEastKazakhstan. Ust-Kamenogorsk: EKSU, 2001. XIX. Tsyganov A.P. Flora and vegetation of the South Altai Tarbagatay. Berlin: LAP LAMBERT,2014. XX. Utyasheva, T.R., Berezovikov, N.N., Zinchenko, Yu.K. ProceedingsoftheMarkakolskStateNatureReserve. Ust-Kamenogorsk, 2009. XXI. Xinqi C, Turland NJ. Gagea. Flora of China.2000;24: 117-121. XXII. Zarrei M., Zarre S., Wilkin P., Rix E.M. Systematic revision of the genus GageaSalisb. (Liliaceae) in Iran.BotJourn Linn Soc.2007;154. XXIII. Zarrei M., Wilkin P., Ingroille M.J., Chase M.W. A revised infrageneric classification for GageaSalisb. (Tulipeae; Liliaceae): insights from DNA sequence and morphological data.Phytotaxa.2011:5. View | Download INFLUENCE OF SUCCESSION CROPPING ON ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF NO-TILL CROP ROTATIONS Authors: Victor K. Dridiger,Roman S. Stukalov,Rasul G. Gadzhiumarov,Anastasiya A. Voropaeva,Viktoriay A. Kolomytseva, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00042 Abstract: This study was aimed at examining the influence of succession cropping on the economic efficiency of no-till field crop rotations on the black earth in the zone of unstable moistening of the Stavropol krai. A long-term stationary experiment was conducted to examine for the purpose nine field crop rotation patterns different in the number of fields (four to six), set of crops, and their succession in crop rotation. The respective shares of legumes, oilseeds, and cereals in the cropping pattern were 17 to 33, 17 to 40, and 50 to 67 %. It has been established that in case of no-till field crop cultivation the economic efficiency of plant production depends on the set of crops and their succession in rotation. The most economically efficient type of crop rotation is the soya-winter wheat-peas-winter wheat-sunflower-corn six-field rotation with two fields of legumes: in this rotation 1 ha of crop rotation area yields 3 850 grain units per ha at a grain unit prime cost of 5.46 roubles; the plant production output return and profitability were 20,888 roubles per ha and 113 %, respectively. The high production profitabilities provided by the soya-winter wheat-sunflower four-field and the soya-winter-wheat-sunflower-corn-winter wheat five-field crop rotation are 108.7 and 106.2 %, respectively. The inclusion of winter wheat in crop rotation for two years in a row reduces the second winter wheat crop yield by 80 to 100 %, which means a certain reduction in the grain unit harvesting rate to 3.48-3.57 thousands per ha of rotation area and cuts the production profitability down to 84.4-92.3 %. This is why, no-till cropping should not include winter wheat for a second time Keywords: No-till technology,crop rotation,predecessor,yield,return,profitability, Refference: I Badakhova G. Kh. and Knutas A. V., Stavropol Krai: Modern Climate Conditions [Stavropol’skiykray: sovremennyyeklimaticheskiyeusloviya]. Stavropol: SUE Krai Communication Networks, 2007. II Cherkasov G. N. and Akimenko A. S. Scientific Basis of Modernization of Crop Rotations and Formation of Their Systems according to the Specializations of Farms in the Central Chernozem Region [Osnovy moderniz atsiisevooborotoviformirovaniyaikh sistem v sootvetstvii so spetsi-alizatsiyeykhozyaystvTsentral’nogoChernozem’ya]. Zemledelie. 2017; 4: 3-5. III Decree 330 of July 6, 2017 the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia “On Approving Coefficients of Converting to Agricultural Crops to Grain Units [Ob utverzhdeniikoeffitsiyentovperevoda v zernovyyee dinitsysel’s kokhozyaystvennykhkul’tur]. IV Dridiger V. K., About Methods of Research of No-Till Technology [O metodikeissledovaniytekhnologii No-till]//Achievements of Science and Technology of AIC (Dostizheniyanaukiitekhniki APK). 2016; 30 (4): 30-32. V Dridiger V. K. and Gadzhiumarov R. G. Growth, Development, and Productivity of Soya Beans Cultivated On No-Till Technology in the Zone of Unstable Moistening of Stavropol Region [Rost, razvitiyeiproduktivnost’ soiprivozdelyvaniipotekhnologii No-till v zone ne-ustoychivog ouvlazhneniyaStavropol’skogokraya]//Oil Crops RTBVNIIMK (Maslichnyyekul’turyNTBVNIIMK). 2018; 3 (175): 52–57. VI Dridiger V. K., Godunova E. I., Eroshenko F. V., Stukalov R. S., Gadzhiumarov, R. G., Effekt of No-till Technology on erosion resistance, the population of earthworms and humus content in soil (Vliyaniyetekhnologii No-till naprotivoerozionnuyuustoychivost’, populyatsiyudozhdevykhcherveyisoderzhaniyegumusa v pochve)//Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2018; 9 (2): 766-770. VII Karabutov A. P., Solovichenko V. D., Nikitin V. V. et al., Reproduction of Soil Fertility, Productivity and Energy Efficiency of Crop Rotations [Vosproizvodstvoplodorodiyapochv, produktivnost’ ienergeticheskayaeffektivnost’ sevooborotov]. Zemledelie. 2019; 2: 3-7. VIII Kulintsev V. V., Dridiger V. K., Godunova E. I., Kovtun V. I., Zhukova M. P., Effekt of No-till Technology on The Available Moisture Content and Soil Density in The Crop Rotation [Vliyaniyetekhnologii No-till nasoderzhaniyedostupnoyvlagiiplotnost’ pochvy v sevoob-orote]// Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2017; 8 (6): 795-99. IX Kulintsev V. V., Godunova E. I., Zhelnakova L. I. et al., Next-Gen Agriculture System for Stavropol Krai: Monograph [SistemazemledeliyanovogopokoleniyaStavropol’skogokraya: Monogtafiya]. Stavropol: AGRUS Publishers, Stavropol State Agrarian University, 2013. X Lessiter Frank, 29 reasons why many growers are harvesting higher no-till yields in their fields than some university scientists find in research plots//No-till Farmer. 2015; 44 (2): 8. XI Rodionova O. A. Reproduction and Exchange-Distributive Relations in Farming Entities [Vosproizvodstvoiobmenno-raspredelitel’nyyeotnosheniya v sel’skokhozyaystvennykhorganizatsiyakh]//Economy, Labour, and Control in Agriculture (Ekonomika, trud, upravleniye v sel’skomkhozyaystve). 2010; 1 (2): 24-27. XII Sandu I. S., Svobodin V. A., Nechaev V. I., Kosolapova M. V., and Fedorenko V. F., Agricultural Production Efficiency: Recommended Practices [Effektivnost’ sel’skokhozyaystvennogoproizvodstva (metodicheskiyerekomendatsii)]. Moscow: Rosinforagrotech, 2013. XIII Sotchenko V. S. Modern Corn Cultivation Technologies [Sovremennayatekhnologiyavozdelyvaniya]. Moscow: Rosagrokhim, 2009. View | Download DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF AUTONOMOUS PORTABLE SEISMOMETER DESIGNED FOR USE AT ULTRALOW TEMPERATURES IN ARCTIC ENVIRONMENT Authors: Mikhail A. Abaturov,Yuriy V. Sirotinskiy, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00043 Abstract: This paper is concerned with solving one of the issues of the general problem of designing geophysical equipment for the natural climatic environment of the Arctic. The relevance of the topic has to do with an increased global interest in this region. The paper is aimed at considering the basic principles of developing and the procedure of testing seismic instruments for use at ultralow climatic temperatures. In this paper the indicated issue is considered through the example of a seismic module designed for petroleum and gas exploration by passive seismoacoustic methods. The seismic module is a direct-burial portable unit of around 5 kg in weight, designed to continuously measure and record microseismic triaxial orthogonal (ZNE) noise in a range from 0.1 to 45 Hz during several days in autonomous mode. The functional chart of designing the seismic module was considered, and concrete conclusions were made for choosing the necessary components to meet the ultralow-temperature operational requirements. The conclusions made served for developing appropriate seismic module. In this case, the components and tools used included a SAFT MP 176065 xc low-temperature lithium cell, industrial-spec electronic component parts, a Zhaofeng Geophysical ZF-4.5 Chinese primary electrodynamic seismic sensor, housing seal parts made of frost-resistant silicone materials, and finely dispersed silica gel used as water-retaining sorbent to avoid condensation in the housing. The paper also describes a procedure of low-temperature collation tests at the lab using a New Brunswick Scientific freezing plant. The test results proved the operability of the developed equipment at ultralow temperatures down to -55°C. In addition, tests were conducted at low microseismic noises in the actual Arctic environment. The possibility to detect signals in a range from 1 to 10 Hz at the level close to the NLNM limit (the Peterson model) has been confirmed, which allows monitoring and exploring petroleum and gas deposits by passive methods. As revealed by this study, the suggested approaches are efficient in developing high-precision mobile seismic instruments for use at ultralow climatic temperatures. The solution of the considered instrumentation and methodical issues is of great practical significance as a constituent of the generic problem of Arctic exploration. Keywords: Seismic instrumentation,microseismic monitoring,Peterson model,geological exploration,temperature ratings,cooling test, Refference: I. AD797: Ultralow Distortion, Ultralow Noise Op Amp, Analog Devices, Inc., Data Sheet (Rev. K). Analog Devices, Inc. URL: https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/AD797.pdf(Date of access September 2, 2019). II. Agafonov, V. M., Egorov, I. V., and Shabalina, A. S. Operating Principles and Technical Characteristics of a Small-Sized Molecular–Electronic Seismic Sensor with Negative Feedback [Printsipyraboty I tekhnicheskiyekharakteristikimalogabaritnogomolekulyarno-elektronnogoseysmodatchika s otritsatel’noyobratnoysvyaz’yu]. SeysmicheskiyePribory (Seismic Instruments). 2014; 50 (1): 1–8. DOI: 10.3103/S0747923914010022. III. Antonovskaya, G., Konechnaya, Ya.,Kremenetskaya, E., Asming, V., Kvaema, T., Schweitzer, J., Ringdal, F. Enhanced Earthquake Monitoring in the European Arctic. Polar Science. 2015; 1 (9): 158-167. IV. Anthony, R. E., Aster, R. C., Wiens, D., Nyblade, Andr., Anandakrishnan, Sr., Huerta, Audr., Winberry, J. P., Wilson, T., and Rowe, Ch. The Seismic Noise Environment of Antarctica. Seismological Research Letters. 2015; 86(1): 89-100. DOI: 10.1785/0220150005 V. Brincker, R., Lago, T. L., Andersen, P., and Ventura, C. Improving the Classical Geophone Sensor Element by Digital Correction. In Conference Proceedings: IMAC-XXIII: A Conference & Exposition on Structural Dynamics Society for Experimental Mechanics, 2005. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242452637_Improving_the_Classical_Geophone_Sensor_Element_by_Digital_Correction(Date of access September 2, 2019). VI. Bylaw 164 of the State Committee for Construction of the Russian Federation “On adopting amendments to SNiP 31-01-99 “Construction climatology”. URL: https://base.garant.ru/2322381/(Date of access September 2, 2019). VII. Chao Xu, Junbo Wang, Deyong Chen, Jian Chen, Bowen Liu, Wenjie Qi, XichenZheng, Hua Wei, Guoqing Zhang. The Electrochemical Seismometer Based on a Novel Designed.Sensing Electrode for Undersea Exploration. 20th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems &Eurosensors XXXIII (TRANSDUCERS &EUROSENSORS XXXIII). IEEE, 2019. DOI: 10.1109/TRANSDUCERS.2019.8808450. VIII. Chebotareva, I. Ya. New algorithms of emission tomography for passive seismic monitoring of a producing hydrocarbon deposit: Part I. Algorithms of processing and numerical simulation [Novyye algoritmyemissionnoyto mografiidlyapassivnogoseysmicheskogomonitoringarazrabatyvayemykhmestorozhdeniyuglevodorodov. Chast’ I: Algoritmyobrabotki I chislennoyemodelirovaniye]. FizikaZemli. 2010; 46(3):187-98. DOI: 10.1134/S106935131003002X IX. Danilov, A. V. and Konechnaya, Ya. V. Analytical comparison of seismic instruments for stationary surveys in the Arctic [Sravnitel’nyyanalizseysmicheskoyapparaturydlyastatsionarnykhnablyudeniy v Arktike]. DSYS. URL: https://dsys.ru/upload/id254_docPDF_FranzJosefLand.pdf(Date of access September 2, 2019). X. Dew point temperature calculator. Maple Tech. International LLC. URL: https://www.calculator.net/dew-point-calculator.html?airtemperature=20&airtemperatureunit=celsius&humidity=0.34&dewpoint=&dewpointunit=celsius&x=51&y=14(Date of access September 2, 2019). XI. Frolov, A. S. Matching of wave fields recorded by different geophysical receivers [Soglasovaniyevolnovykhpoley, poluchennykh s primeneniyemrazlichnoyregistriruyushcheyapparatury]. Abstracts IX International scientific and technical conference competition of young specialists “Geophysics-2013”. Saint-Petersburg: Gubkin University, 2013. URL: https://www.gubkin.ru/faculty/geology_and_geophysics/chairs_and_departments/exploration_geophysics_and_computers_systems/files/2013_SPb_Frolov.pdf. (Date of access September 2, 2019). XII. Gibbons, S. J., Asming, V., Fedorov, A., Fyen, J., Kero, J., Kozlovskaya, E., Kværna, T., Liszka, L., Näsholm, S.P., Raita, T., Roth, M., Tiira, T., Vinogradov, Yu. The European Arctic: A laboratory for seismoacoustic studies. Seism. Res. Letters. 2015; 86 (3): 917–928. XIII. GOST 8.395-80. State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. Reference conditions of measurements while calibrating. General requirements [Gosudarstvennayasistemaobespecheniyaedinstvaizmereniy. Normal’nyyeusloviyaizmereniypripoverke. Obshchiyetrebovaniya]. Moscow: Standartinform, 2008. URL: http://gostrf.com/normadata/1/4294821/4294821960.pdf (Date of access September 2, 2019). XIV. Guralp 6TD. Operators’ Guide. Document Number: MAN-T60-0002, Issue J: April, 2017. Guralp Systems Limited. 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F., Chirkin, I. A., Rizanov, E. G., LeRoy, S. D., Koligaev, S. O. Long-term monitoring of microseismic emissions: Earth tides, fracture distribution, and fluid content. SEG, APPG Interpretation. 2016: 4 (2): T191–T204. XIX. Laverov, N. P., Bogoyavlenskiy, V. I., Bogoyavlenskiy, I. V. Fundamental Aspects of Rational Management of the Petroleum and Gas Resources of the Arctic and the Russian Continental Shelf: Strategy, Prospects, and Problems [Fundamental’nyyeaspektyratsional’nogoosvoyeniyaresursovneftiigazaArktiki I shel’faRossii: strategiya, perspektivyi problem].Arktika: ekologiya I ekonomika [Arctic: Ecology and Economy]. 2016; 2 (22): 4-13. XX. Lee, P. Low Noise Amplifier Selection Guide for Optimal Noise Performance, Analog Devices, Inc., AN-940 Application Note. Analog Devices, Inc. URL: https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/application-notes/AN-940.pdf(Date of access September 2, 2019). XXI. Markatis, N., Polychronopoulou, K., Tselentis, Ak. Passive seismic tomography: A passive concept actively evolving. First Break. 2012; 30 (7): 83-90. XXII. Matveev, I. V. and Matveeva, N. V. Portable seismic recorder “SEISAR-5” with very low energy consumption for autonomous work in harsh climatic conditions [Portativnyyseysmicheskiyregistrator «Seysar-5» s ochen’ nizkimenergopotrebleniyemdlyaavtonomnoyraboty v slozhnykhklimatic heskikhusloviyakh]. Nauka I tekhnologicheskierazrabotki (Science and Technological Developments). 2017; 96 (3): 33-40. [Special Issue “Applied Geophysics: New Developments and Results. Part 1. Seismology and Seismic Exploration]. DOI: 10.21455/std2017.3-3. XXIII. Mishra, R. The Temperature Ratings of Electronic Parts.Electronics Cooling magazine. URL: http://www.electronics-cooling.com/2004/02/the-temperature-ratings-of-electronic-parts(Date of access September 2, 2019). XXIV. Moore, Sue E.; Stabeno, Phyllis J.; Van Pelt, Thomas I. The Synthesis of Arctic Research (SOAR) project. 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View | Download COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH FOOT PATHOLOGY WHO UNDERWENT WEIL OPEN OSTEOTOMY BY CLASSICAL METHOD AND WITHOUT STEOSYNTHESIS Authors: Yuriy V. Lartsev,Dmitrii A. Rasputin,Sergey D. Zuev-Ratnikov,Pavel V.Ryzhov,Dmitry S. Kudashev,Anton A. Bogdanov, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00044 Abstract: The article considers the problem of surgical correction of the second metatarsal bone length. The article analyzes the results of treatment of patients with excess length of the second metatarsal bones that underwent osteotomy with and without osteosynthesis. The results of treatment of patients who underwent metatarsal shortening due to classical Weil-osteotomy with and without osteosynthesis were analyzed. The first group consisted of 34 patients. They underwent classical Weil osteotomy. The second group included 44 patients in whomosteotomy of the second metatarsal bone were not by the screw. When studying the results of the treatment in the immediate postoperative period, weeks 6, 12, slightly better results were observed in patients of the first group, while one year after surgical treatment the results in both groups were comparable. One year after surgical treatment, there were 2.9% (1 patient) of unsatisfactory results in the first group and 4.5% (2 patients) in the second group. Considering the comparability of the results of treatment in remote postoperative period, the choice of concrete method remains with the operating surgeon. Keywords: Flat feet,hallux valgus,corrective osteotomy,metatarsal bones, Refference: I. A novel modification of the Stainsby procedure: surgical technique and clinical outcome [Text] / E. Concannon, R. MacNiocaill, R. Flavin [et al.] // Foot Ankle Surg. – 2014. – Dec., Vol. 20(4). – P. 262–267. II. Accurate determination of relative metatarsal protrusion with a small intermetatarsal angle: a novel simplified method [Text] / L. Osher, M.M. Blazer, S. Buck [et al.] // J. Foot Ankle Surg. – 2014. – Sep.-Oct., Vol. 53(5). – P. 548–556. III. Argerakis, N.G. The radiographic effects of the scarf bunionectomy on rearfoot alignment [Text] / N.G. Argerakis, L.Jr. Weil, L.S. Sr. Weil // Foot Ankle Spec. – 2015. – Apr., Vol. 8(2). – P. 89–94. IV. Bauer, T. Percutaneous forefoot surgery [Text] / T. Bauer // Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res. – 2014. – Feb., Vol. 100(1 Suppl.). – P. S191–S204. V. Biomechanical Evaluation of Custom Foot Orthoses for Hallux Valgus Deformity [Text] // J. Foot Ankle Surg. – 2015. – Sep.-Oct., Vol.54(5). – P. 852–855. VI. Chopra, S. Characterization of gait in female patients with moderate to severe hallux valgus deformity [Text] / S. Chopra, K. Moerenhout, X. Crevoisier // Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon). – 2015. – Jul., Vol. 30(6). – P. 629–635. VII. Computer assisted planning and custom-made surgical guide for malunited pronation deformity after first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis in rheumatoid arthritis: a case report [Text] / M. Hirao, S. Ikemoto, H. Tsuboi [et al.] // Comput. Aided Surg. – 2014. – Vol. 19(1-3). – P. 13–19. VIII. Correlation between static radiographic measurements and intersegmental angular measurements during gait using a multisegment foot model [Text] / D.Y. Lee, S.G. Seo, E.J. Kim [et al.] // Foot Ankle Int. – 2015. – Jan., Vol.36(1). – P. 1–10. IX. Correlative study between length of first metatarsal and transfer metatarsalgia after osteotomy of first metatarsal [Text]: [Article in Chinese] / F.Q. Zhang, B.Y. Pei, S.T. Wei [et al.] // Zhonghua Yi XueZaZhi. – 2013. – Nov. 19, Vol. 93(43). – P. 3441–3444. X. Dave, M.H. Forefoot Deformity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comparison of Shod and Unshod Populations [Text] / M.H. Dave, L.W. Mason, K. Hariharan // Foot Ankle Spec. – 2015. – Oct., Vol. 8(5). – P. 378–383. XI. Does arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint correct the intermetatarsal M1M2 angle? Analysis of a continuous series of 208 arthrodeses fixed with plates [Text] / F. Dalat, F. Cottalorda, M.H. Fessy [et al.] // Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res. – 2015. – Oct., Vol. 101(6). – P. 709–714. XII. Dynamic plantar pressure distribution after percutaneous hallux valgus correction using the Reverdin-Isham osteotomy [Text]: [Article in Spanish] / G. Rodríguez-Reyes, E. López-Gavito, A.I. Pérez-Sanpablo [et al.] // Rev. Invest. Clin. – 2014. – Jul., Vol. 66, Suppl. 1. – P. S79-S84. XIII. Efficacy of Bilateral Simultaneous Hallux Valgus Correction Compared to Unilateral [Text] / A.V. Boychenko, L.N. Solomin, S.G. Parfeyev [et al.] // Foot Ankle Int. – 2015. – Nov., Vol. 36(11). – P. 1339–1343. XIV. Endolog technique for correction of hallux valgus: a prospective study of 30 patients with 4-year follow-up [Text] / C. Biz, M. Corradin, I. Petretta [et al.] // J. OrthopSurg Res. – 2015. – Jul. 2, № 10. – P. 102. XV. First metatarsal proximal opening wedge osteotomy for correction of hallux valgus deformity: comparison of straight versus oblique osteotomy [Text] / S.H. Han, E.H. Park, J. Jo [et al.] // Yonsei Med. J. – 2015. – May, Vol. 56(3). – P. 744–752. XVI. Long-term outcome of joint-preserving surgery by combination metatarsal osteotomies for shortening for forefoot deformity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis [Text] / H. Niki, T. Hirano, Y. Akiyama [et al.] // Mod. Rheumatol. – 2015. – Sep., Vol. 25(5). – P. 683–638. XVII. Maceira, E. Transfer metatarsalgia post hallux valgus surgery [Text] / E. Maceira, M. Monteagudo // Foot Ankle Clin. – 2014. – Jun., Vol. 19(2). – P.285–307. XVIII. Nielson, D.L. Absorbable fixation in forefoot surgery: a viable alternative to metallic hardware [Text] / D.L. Nielson, N.J. Young, C.M. Zelen // Clin. Podiatr. Med. Surg. – 2013. – Jul., Vol. 30(3). – P. 283–293 XIX. Patient’s satisfaction after outpatient forefoot surgery: Study of 619 cases [Text] / A. Mouton, V. Le Strat, D. Medevielle [et al.] // Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res. – 2015. – Oct., Vol. 101(6 Suppl.). – P. S217–S220. XX. Preference of surgical procedure for the forefoot deformity in the rheumatoid arthritis patients–A prospective, randomized, internal controlled study [Text] / M. Tada, T. Koike, T. Okano [et al.] // Mod. Rheumatol. – 2015. – May., Vol. 25(3). – P.362–366. XXI. Redfern, D. Percutaneous Surgery of the Forefoot [Text] / D. Redfern, J. Vernois, B.P. Legré // Clin. Podiatr. Med. Surg. – 2015. – Jul., Vol. 32(3). – P. 291–332. XXII. Singh, D. Bullous pemphigoid after bilateral forefoot surgery [Text] / D. Singh, A. Swann // Foot Ankle Spec. – 2015. – Feb., Vol. 8(1). – P. 68–72. XXIII. Treatment of moderate hallux valgus by percutaneous, extra-articular reverse-L Chevron (PERC) osteotomy [Text] / J. Lucas y Hernandez, P. Golanó, S. Roshan-Zamir [et al.] // Bone Joint J. – 2016. – Mar., Vol. 98-B(3). – P. 365–373. XXIV. Weil, L.Jr. Scarf osteotomy for correction of hallux abducto valgus deformity [Text] / L.Jr. Weil, M. Bowen // Clin. Podiatr. Med. Surg. – 2014. – Apr., Vol.31(2). – P. 233–246. View | Download QUANTITATIVE ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF THE STOMACH AND SMALL INTESTINE IN HEALTHYDOGS Authors: Roman A. Tcygansky,Irina I. Nekrasova,Angelina N. Shulunova,Alexander I.Sidelnikov, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00045 Abstract: Purpose.To determine the quantitative echogenicity indicators (and their ratio) of the layers of stomach and small intestine wall in healthy dogs. Methods. A prospective 3-year study of 86 healthy dogs (aged 1-7 yrs) of different breeds and of both sexes. Echo homogeneity and echogenicity of the stomach and intestines wall were determined by the method of Silina, T.L., et al. (2010) in absolute values of average brightness levels of ultrasound image pixels using the 8-bit scale with 256 shades of gray. Results. Quantitative echogenicity indicators of the stomach and the small intestine wall in dogs were determined. Based on the numerical values characterizing echogenicity distribution in each layer of a separate structure of the digestive system, the coefficient of gastric echogenicity is determined as 1:2.4:1.1 (mucosa/submucosa/muscle layers, respectively), the coefficient of duodenum and jejunum echogenicity is determined as 1:3.5:2 and that of ileum is 1:1.8:1. Clinical significance. The echogenicity coefficient of the wall of the digestive system allows an objective assessment of the stomach and intestines wall and can serve as the basis for a quantitative assessment of echogenicity changes for various pathologies of the digestive system Keywords: Ultrasound (US),echogenicity,echogenicity coefficient,digestive system,dogs,stomach,intestines, Refference: I. Agut, A. Ultrasound examination of the small intestine in small animals // Veterinary focus. 2009.Vol. 19. No. 1. P. 20-29. II. Bull. 4.RF patent 2398513, IPC51A61B8 / 00 A61B8 / 14 (2006.01) A method for determining the homoechogeneity and the degree of echogenicity of an ultrasound image / T. Silina, S. S. Golubkov. – No. 2008149311/14; declared 12/16/2008; publ. 09/10/2010 III. Choi, M., Seo, M., Jung, J., Lee, K., Yoon, J., Chang, D., Park, RD. Evaluation of canine gastric motility with ultrasonography // J. of Veterinary Medical Science. – 2002. Vol. 64. – № 1. – P. 17-21. IV. Delaney, F., O’Brien, R.T., Waller, K.Ultrasound evaluation of small bowel thickness compared to weight in normal dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2003 Vol. 44, № 5. Р 577-580. V. Diana, A., Specchi, S., Toaldo, M.B., Chiocchetti, R., Laghi, A., Cipone, M. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the small bowel in healthy cats // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. – 2011. – Vol. 52, № 5. – Р. 555-559. VI. Garcia, D.A.A., Froes, T.R. Errors in abdominal ultrasonography in dogs and cats // J. of Small Animal Practice. – 2012. Vol. 53. – № 9. – P. 514-519. VII. Garcia, D.A.A., Froes, T.R. Importance of fasting in preparing dogs for abdominal ultrasound examination of specific organs // J. of Small Animal Practice. – 2014. Vol. 55. – № 12. – P. 630-634. VIII. Gaschen, L., Granger, L.A., Oubre, O., Shannon, D., Kearney, M., Gaschen, F. The effects of food intake and its fat composition on intestinal echogenicity in healthy dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2016. Vol. 57. № 5. P. 546-550 IX. Gaschen, L., Kircher, P., Stussi, A., Allenspach, K., Gaschen, F., Doherr, M., Grone, A. Comparison of ultrasonographic findings with clinical activity index (CIBDAI) and diagnosis in dogs with chronic enteropathies // Veterinary radiology and ultrasound. – 2008. – Vol. 49. – № 1. – Р. 56-64. X. Gil, E.M.U. Garcia, D.A.A. Froes, T.R. In utero development of the fetal intestine: Sonographic evaluation and correlation with gestational age and fetal maturity in dogs // Theriogenology. 2015. Vol. 84, №5. Р. 681-686. XI. Gladwin, N.E. Penninck, D.G., Webster, C.R.L. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the thickness of the wall layers in the intestinal tract of dogs // American Journal of Veterinary Research. 2014. Vol. 75, №4. Р. 349-353. XII. Gory, G., Rault, D.N., Gatel, L, Dally, C., Belli, P., Couturier, L., Cauvin, E. Ultrasonographic characteristics of the abdominal esophagus and cardia in dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2014. Vol. 55, № 5. P. 552-560. XIII. Günther, C.S. Lautenschläger, I.E., Scholz, V.B. Assessment of the inter- and intraobserver variability for sonographical measurement of intestinal wall thickness in dogs without gastrointestinal diseases | [Inter-und Intraobserver-Variabilitätbei der sonographischenBestimmung der Darmwanddicke von HundenohnegastrointestinaleErkrankungen] // Tierarztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere – Heimtiere. 2014. Vol. 42 №2. Р. 71-78. XIV. Hanazono, K., Fukumoto, S., Hirayama, K., Takashima, K., Yamane, Y., Natsuhori, M., Kadosawa, T., Uchide, T. Predicting Metastatic Potential of gastrointestinal stromal tumors in dog by ultrasonography // J. of Veterinary Medical Science. – 2012. Vol. 74. – № 11. – P. 1477-1482. XV. Heng, H.G., Lim, Ch.K., Miller, M.A., Broman, M.M.Prevalence and significance of an ultrasonographic colonic muscularishyperechoic band paralleling the serosal layer in dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2015. Vol. 56 № 6. P. 666-669. XVI. Ivančić, M., Mai, W. Qualitative and quantitative comparison of renal vs. hepatic ultrasonographic intensity in healthy dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2008. Vol. 49. № 4. Р. 368-373. XVII. Lamb, C.R., Mantis, P. Ultrasonographic features of intestinal intussusception in 10 dogs // J. of Small Animal Practice. – 2008. Vol. 39. – № 9. – P. 437-441. XVIII. Le Roux, A. B., Granger, L.A., Wakamatsu, N, Kearney, M.T., Gaschen, L.Ex vivo correlation of ultrasonographic small intestinal wall layering with histology in dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound.2016. Vol. 57. № 5. P. 534-545. XIX. Nielsen, T. High-frequency ultrasound of Peyer’s patches in the small intestine of young cats / T. Nielsen [et al.] // Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. – 2015. – Vol. 18, № 4. – Р. 303-309. XX. PenninckD.G. Gastrointestinal tract. In Nyland T.G., Mattoon J.S. (eds): Small Animal Diagnostic Ultrasound. Philadelphia: WB Saunders. 2002, 2nd ed. Р. 207-230. XXI. PenninckD.G. Gastrointestinal tract. In: PenninckD.G.,d´Anjou M.A. Atlas of Small Animal Ultrasonography. Blackwell Publishing, Iowa. 2008. Р. 281-318. XXII. Penninck, D.G., Nyland, T.G., Kerr, L.Y., Fisher, P.E. Ultrasonographic evaluation of gastrointestinal diseases in small animals // Veterinary Radiology. 1990. Vol. 31. №3. P. 134-141. XXIII. Penninck, D.G.,Webster, C.R.L.,Keating, J.H. The sonographic appearance of intestinal mucosal fibrosis in cats // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. – 2010. – Vol. 51, № 4. – Р. 458-461. XXIV. Pollard, R.E.,Johnson, E.G., Pesavento, P.A., Baker, T.W., Cannon, A.B., Kass, P.H., Marks, S.L. Effects of corn oil administered orally on conspicuity of ultrasonographic small intestinal lesions in dogs with lymphangiectasia // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2013. Vol. 54. № 4. P. 390-397. XXV. Rault, D.N., Besso, J.G., Boulouha, L., Begon, D., Ruel, Y. Significance of a common extended mucosal interface observed in transverse small intestine sonograms // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2004. Vol. 45. №2. Р. 177-179. XXVI. Sutherland-Smith, J., Penninck, D.G., Keating, J.H., Webster, C.R.L. Ultrasonographic intestinal hyperechoic mucosal striations in dogs are associated with lacteal dilation // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. – 2007. Vol. 48. – № 1. – P. 51-57. View | Download EVALUATION OF ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL IN MEDICAL STUDENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF SEASONAL DYNAMICS Authors: Larisa A. Merdenova,Elena A. Takoeva,Marina I. Nartikoeva,Victoria A. Belyayeva,Fatima S. Datieva,Larisa R. Datieva, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00046 Abstract: The aim of this work was to assess the functional reserves of the body to quantify individual health; adaptation, psychophysiological characteristics of the health quality of medical students in different seasons of the year. When studying the temporal organization of physiological functions, the rhythm parameters of physiological functions were determined, followed by processing the results using the Cosinor Analysis program, which reveals rhythms with an unknown period for unequal observations, evaluates 5 parameters of sinusoidal rhythms (mesor, amplitude, acrophase, period, reliability). The essence of desynchronization is the mismatch of circadian rhythms among themselves or destruction of the rhythms architectonics (instability of acrophases or their disappearance). Desynchronization with respect to the rhythmic structure of the body is of a disregulatory nature, most pronounced in pathological desynchronization. High neurotism, increased anxiety reinforces the tendency to internal desynchronization, which increases with stress. During examination stress, students experience a decrease in the stability of the temporary organization of the biosystem and the tension of adaptive mechanisms develops, which affects attention, mental performance and the quality of adaptation to the educational process. Time is shortened and the amplitude of the “initial minute” decreases, personal and situational anxiety develops, and the level of psychophysiological adaptation decreases. The results of the work are priority because they can be used in assessing quality and level of health. Keywords: Desynchronosis,biorhythms,psycho-emotional stress,mesor,acrophase,amplitude,individual minute, Refference: I. Arendt, J., Middleton, B. Human seasonal and circadian studies in Antarctica (Halley, 75_S) – General and Comparative Endocrinology. 2017: 250-259. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.05.010). II. BalandinYu.P. A brief methodological guide on the use of the agro-industrial complex “Health Sources” / Yu.P. Balandin, V.S. Generalov, V.F. Shishlov. Ryazan, 2007. III. Buslovskaya L.K. Adaptation reactions in students at exam stress/ L.K. Buslovskaya, Yu.P. Ryzhkova. Scientific bulletin of Belgorod State University. Series: Natural Sciences. 2011;17(21):46-52. IV. Chutko L. S. Sindromjemocionalnogovygoranija – Klinicheskie I psihologicheskieaspekty./ L.S Chutko. Moscow: MEDpress-inform, 2013. V. Eroshina K., Paul Wilkinson, Martin Mackey. The role of environmental and social factors in the occurrence of diseases of the respiratory tract in children of primary school age in Moscow. Medicine. 2013:57-71. VI. Fagrell B. “Microcirculation of the Skin”. The physiology and pharmacology of the microcirculation. 2013:423. VII. Gurova O.A. Change in blood microcirculation in students throughout the day. New research. 2013; 2 (35):66-71. VIII. Khetagurova L.G. – Stress/Ed. L.G. Khetagurov. Vladikavkaz: Project-Press Publishing House, 2010. IX. Khetagurova L.G., Urumova L.T. et al. Stress (chronomedical aspects). International Journal of Experimental Education 2010; 12: 30-31. X. Khetagurova L.G., Salbiev K.D., Belyaev S.D., Datieva F.S., Kataeva M.R., Tagaeva I.R. Chronopathology (experimental and clinical aspects/ Ed. L.G. Khetagurov, K.D. Salbiev, S.D.Belyaev, F.S. Datiev, M.R. Kataev, I.R. Tagaev. Moscow: Science, 2004. XI. KlassinaS.Ya. Self-regulatory reactions in the microvasculature of the nail bed of fingers in person with psycho-emotional stress. Bulletin of new medical technologies, 2013; 2 (XX):408-412. XII. Kovtun O.P., Anufrieva E.V., Polushina L.G. Gender-age characteristics of the component composition of the body in overweight and obese schoolchildren. Medical Science and Education of the Urals. 2019; 3:139-145. XIII. Kuchieva M.B., Chaplygina E.V., Vartanova O.T., Aksenova O.A., Evtushenko A.V., Nor-Arevyan K.A., Elizarova E.S., Efremova E.N. A comparative analysis of the constitutional features of various generations of healthy young men and women in the Rostov Region. Modern problems of science and education. 2017; 5:50-59. XIV. Mathias Adamsson1, ThorbjörnLaike, Takeshi Morita – Annual variation in daily light expo-sure and circadian change of melatonin and cortisol consent rations at a northern latitude with large seasonal differences in photoperiod length – Journal of Physiological Anthropology. 2017; 36: 6 – 15. XV. Merdenova L.A., Tagaeva I.R., Takoeva E.A. Features of the study of biological rhythms in children. The results of fundamental and applied research in the field of natural and technical sciences. Materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. Belgorod, 2017, pp. 119-123. XVI. Ogarysheva N.V. The dynamics of mental performance as a criterion for adapting to the teaching load. Bulletin of the Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2014;16:5 (1): S.636-638. XVII. Pekmezovi T. Gene-environment interaction: A genetic-epidemiological approach. Journal of Medical Biochemistry. 2010;29:131-134. XVIII. Rapoport S.I., Chibisov S.M. Chronobiology and chronomedicine: history and prospects/Ed. S.M. Chibisov, S.I. Rapoport ,, M.L. Blagonravova. Chronobiology and Chronomedicine: Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN) Press. Moscow, 2018. XIX. Roustit M., Cracowski J.L. “Non-invasive assessment of skin microvascular function in humans: an insight into methods” – Microcirculation 2012; 19 (1): 47-64. XX. Rud V.O., FisunYu.O. – References of the circadian desinchronosis in students. Ukrainian Bulletin of Psychoneurology. 2010; 18(2) (63): 74-77. XXI. Takoeva Z. A., Medoeva N. O., Berezova D. T., Merdenova L. A. et al. Long-term analysis of the results of chronomonitoring of the health of the population of North Ossetia; Vladikavkaz Medical and Biological Bulletin. 2011; 12(12,19): 32-38. XXII. Urumova L.T., Tagaeva I.R., Takoeva E.A., Datieva L.R. – The study of some health indicators of medical students in different periods of the year. Health and education in the XXI century. 2016; 18(4): 94-97. XXIII. Westman J. – Complex diseases. In: Medical genetics for the modern clinician. USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006. XXIV. Yadrischenskaya T.V. Circadian biorhythms of students and their importance in educational activities. Problems of higher education. Pacific State University Press. 2016; 2:176-178. View | Download TRIADIC COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Authors: Stanislav A.Kudzh,Victor Ya. Tsvetkov, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00047 Abstract: The present study of comparison methods based on the triadic model introduces the following concepts: the relation of comparability and the relation of comparison, and object comparison and attributive comparison. The difference between active and passive qualitative comparison is shown, two triadic models of passive and active comparison and models for comparing two and three objects are described. Triadic comparison models are proposed as an alternative to dyadic comparison models. Comparison allows finding the common and the different; this approach is proposed for the analysis of the nomothetic and ideographic method of obtaining knowledge. The nomothetic method identifies and evaluates the general, while the ideographic method searches for unique in parameters and in combinations of parameters. Triadic comparison is used in systems and methods of argumentation, as well as in the analysis of consistency/inconsistency. Keywords: Comparative analysis,dyad,triad,triadic model,comparability relation,object comparison,attributive comparison,nomothetic method,ideographic method, Refference: I. AltafS., Aslam.M.Paired comparison analysis of the van Baarenmodel using Bayesian approach with noninformativeprior.Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research 8(2) (2012) 259{270. II. AmooreJ. E., VenstromD Correlations between stereochemical assessments and organoleptic analysis of odorous compounds. Olfaction and Taste (2016) 3{17. III. BarnesJ., KlingerR. Embedding projection for targeted cross-lingual sentiment: model comparisons and a real-world study. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 66 (2019) 691{742. doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.11561 IV. Castro-SchiloL., FerrerE.Comparison of nomothetic versus idiographic-oriented methods for making predictions about distal outcomes from time series data. Multivariate Behavioral Research 48(2) (2013) 175{207. V. De BonaG.et al. Classifying inconsistency measures using graphs. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 66 (2019) 937{987. VI. FideliR. La comparazione. Milano: Angeli, 1998. VII. GordonT. F., PrakkenH., WaltonD. The Carneades model of argument and burden of proof. Artificial Intelligence 10(15) (2007) 875{896. VIII. GrenzS.J. The social god and the relational self: A Triad theology of the imago Dei. Westminster: John Knox Press, 2001. IX. HermansH.J. M.On the integration of nomothetic and idiographic research methods in the study of personal meaning.Journal of Personality 56(4) (1988) 785{812. X. JamiesonK. G., NowakR. Active ranking using pairwise comparisons.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (2011) 2240{2248. XI. JongsmaC.Poythress’s triad logic: a review essay. Pro Rege 42(4) (2014) 6{15. XII. KärkkäinenV.M. Trinity and Religious Pluralism: The Doctrine of the Trinity in Christian Theology of Religions. London: Routledge, 2017. XIII. KudzhS. A., TsvetkovV.Ya. Triadic systems. Russian Technology Magazine 7(6) (2019) 74{882. XIV. NelsonK.E.Some observations from the perspective of the rare event cognitive comparison theory of language acquisition.Children’s Language 6 (1987) 289{331. XV. NiskanenA., WallnerJ., JärvisaloM.Synthesizing argumentation frameworks from examples. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 66 (2019) 503{554. XVI. PührerJ.Realizability of three-valued semantics for abstract dialectical frameworks.Artificial Intelligence 278 (2020) 103{198. XVII. SwansonG.Frameworks for comparative research: structural anthropology and the theory of action. In: Vallier, Ivan (Ed.). Comparative methods in sociology: essays on trends and applications.Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971 141{202. XVIII. TsvetkovV.Ya.Worldview model as the result of education.World Applied Sciences Journal 31(2) (2014) 211{215. XIX. TsvetkovV. Ya. Logical analysis and variable scales. Slavic Forum 4(22) (2018) 103{109. XX. Wang S. et al. Transit traffic analysis zone delineating method based on Thiessen polygon. Sustainability 6(4) (2014) 1821{1832. View | Download DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGY OF CREATING WEAR-RESISTANT CERAMIC COATING FOR ICE CYLINDER". JOURNAL OF MECHANICS OF CONTINUA AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES spl10, № 1 (28 червня 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00048.

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