Статті в журналах: "Blood-borne viruses"

1

Wilson, K. I. "Blood borne viruses." British Dental Journal 198, no. 3 (January 2005): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4812057.

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2

Tweddell, P. "Blood borne viruses." British Dental Journal 199, no. 3 (August 2005): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4812608.

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3

Ludi, Maria Alogna. "Blood-Borne Viruses and BGM." Diabetes Educator 13, no. 3 (June 1987): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014572178701300302.

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4

Brotherton, M. "Tattooists, body Piercers and Blood Borne Viruses." Injury Prevention 18, Suppl 1 (October 2012): A155.4—A156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040590m.4.

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5

Gürtler, Lutz. "Blood-Borne Viruses: Hepatitis A to G." Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 28, S1 (2002): 031–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-30193.

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6

Ciuffa, V. "Blood-Borne Viruses and Health Care Workers." Archives of Internal Medicine 162, no. 18 (October 14, 2002): 2141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.162.18.2141.

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7

Vyas, GN. "Inactivation and removal of blood-borne viruses." Transfusion 35, no. 5 (May 1995): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.1995.35595259143.x.

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8

McCreaddie, May. "Involving patients in teaching about blood-borne viruses." Nursing Standard 16, no. 44 (July 17, 2002): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2002.07.16.44.33.c3230.

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9

McCreaddie, May. "Involving patients in teaching about blood-borne viruses." Nursing Standard 16, no. 44 (July 17, 2002): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.16.44.33.s13.

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10

DAVIES, MW. "NAPPY PIN NEEDLESTICK INJURY AND BLOOD-BORNE VIRUSES." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 32, no. 4 (August 1996): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.1996.tb02570.x.

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11

Gerberding, Julie Louise. "Management of Occupational Exposures to Blood-Borne Viruses." New England Journal of Medicine 332, no. 7 (February 16, 1995): 444–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199502163320707.

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12

Memon, Anjum, and Sir Richard Doll. "A search for unknown blood-borne oncogenic viruses." International Journal of Cancer 58, no. 3 (August 1, 1994): 366–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910580310.

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13

Mushahwar, Isa K. "Recently discovered blood-borne viruses: Are they hepatitis viruses or merely endosymbionts?" Journal of Medical Virology 62, no. 4 (2000): 399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1096-9071(200012)62:4<399::aid-jmv1>3.0.co;2-u.

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14

Allain, J. P. "Genomic screening for blood-borne viruses in transfusion settings." Clinical & Laboratory Haematology 22, no. 1 (February 2000): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2257.2000.00265.x.

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15

Laer, Frank Van, Renno Roelandt, and Elke Coenen. "Occupational Risk of Blood-Borne Viruses in Healthcare Workers." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 23, no. 12 (December 2002): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/503453.

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16

Nilsson, K. "PREVENTING CROSS INFECTION OF BLOOD BORNE VIRUSES ON HAEMODIALYSIS." EDTNA-ERCA Journal 30, no. 1 (January 3, 2004): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6686.2004.tb00325.x.

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17

Wreghitt, TG, and N. Irish. "Transmission of blood-borne viruses after motor-car accidents." Lancet 351, no. 9100 (February 1998): 450–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)78402-6.

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18

Laer, Frank Van, Renno Roelandt, and Elke Coenen. "Occupational Risk of Blood-Borne Viruses in Healthcare Workers." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 23, no. 12 (December 2002): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700080474.

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19

Alvarado-Ramy, F., and E. M. Beltrami. "New guidelines for occupational exposure to blood-borne viruses." Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 70, no. 5 (May 1, 2003): 457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.70.5.457.

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20

Lee, H. H., and J.-P. Allain. "Genomic Screening for Blood-Borne Viruses in Transfusion Settings." Vox Sanguinis 74, S2 (June 1998): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1423-0410.1998.tb05408.x.

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21

Meihubers, Sandra, Phillip Godwin, and Arie Rotem. "Blood-borne virus-related discrimination in dental services." Australian Health Review 21, no. 3 (1998): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah980092.

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Анотація:

While the risk of infection through occupational exposure to blood-borne viruses isa major concern of dental health care workers, the National HIV/AIDS Strategy and many health, AIDS and discrimination-related agencies have identified discrimination related to HIV/AIDS as a priority area for action. In 1995 the Commonwealth Department of Health and Family Services selected the School of Medical Education at the University of New South Wales to conduct a national project to reduce discrimination related to blood-borne viruses within dental services(Godwin, Meihubers & Rotem 1997). This paper provides an overview of the study and its major findings.The study focused on quality of care issues which may cause or manifest discrimination. Key stakeholders were invited to review policies, procedures,organisational arrangements and other systemic issues which influence the quality of oral health services to populations within selected geographical regions.

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22

Hoad, Veronica C., Rebecca J. Guy, Clive R. Seed, and Robert Harley. "Tattoos, blood‐borne viruses and blood donors: a blood donor cohort and risk assessment." Vox Sanguinis 114, no. 7 (August 8, 2019): 687–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vox.12832.

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23

Gupta, Ekta, and Amit Gupta. "Blood-borne viruses and health care workers: A neglected entity!" Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 34, no. 2 (April 2016): 137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0255-0857.176854.

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24

Crofts, Nick, Sandra Thompson, Elizabeth Wale, and Franz Hernberger. "Risk Behaviours for Blood-borne Viruses in a Victorian Prison." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 29, no. 1 (March 1996): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589602900102.

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Hepatitis B and C viruses continue to spread in Victorians at risk of incarceration. We have therefore studied risk behaviours for these infections among 51 prisoners with a history of injecting drug use (IDU) in the central Victorian prison; 33 were also interviewed about their tattooing experience. Half had injected inside prison in the preceding month, an average of 5.5 times, suggesting up to 9,000 injections p.a. in this prison. Almost all shared inadequately disinfected equipment, with no way of knowing how many had used it before. First sharing of injecting equipment had been in prison for a fifth. Almost 90% were HCV infected. Almost all had been tattooed, with 60% having had at least one while in prison, while five reported more than 50 tattoos in prison. Urgent consideration of methods to decrease these risks is necessary, including assessment of the feasibility of controversial strategies such as needle and syringe exchange programs and the provision of sterile tattooing equipment.

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25

Victoria Marx, M. "Blood Borne Pathogens: How Do We Avoid Those Pesky Viruses?" Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 15, no. 2 (February 2004): P160—P162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1051-0443(04)70184-0.

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26

Deuffic-Burban, S., E. Delarocque-Astagneau, D. Abiteboul, E. Bouvet, and Y. Yazdanpanah. "Blood-borne viruses in health care workers: Prevention and management." Journal of Clinical Virology 52, no. 1 (September 2011): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2011.05.016.

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27

Kellock, D. J., and E. M. Carlin. "Availability of dental services for patients with blood-borne viruses." International Journal of STD & AIDS 13, no. 8 (August 1, 2002): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646202760159657.

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Dental practitioners were surveyed, using a self-completed postal questionnaire, to assess their attitudes to managing patients with blood-borne viruses (BBV) and to identify dental services available for such patients in North Nottinghamshire. Questionnaires were completed by 79 (65.3%) of the 121 practitioners from 43 (82.7%) of the 52 study practices. Previous BBV experience was reported by 44 (55.7%), 31 (39.2%), 20 (25.3%) respondents for hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), HIV, respectively. Over two-thirds would maintain existing patients with subsequently diagnosed BBV on their lists, approximately one-third would accept new BBV patients. Risk factors for BBV of homo/bisexuality and injecting drug use were not asked by 71 (89.9%) and 49 (62.0%) practitioners, respectively. Universal precautions were employed by 67 (84.8%) practitioners regardless of the patient's status and by seven practitioners for known BBV patients. The advice of the General Dental Council, British Dental Association, and the use of universal precautions are discussed.

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28

Larke, RP Bryce. "Blood Borne Viral Infections in Transplantation: Hepatitis Viruses and Retroviruses." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 4, suppl c (1993): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1993/248042.

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Анотація:

Hepatitis viruses B (HBV), C (HCV) and D (HDV) and the retroviruses human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and human T celllymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1) and type ll (HTLV-11) have been transmitted from infected organ and tissue donors to allograft recipients. Ascertainment of personal risk factors by health questionnaire may exclude volunteer blood donors recently exposed to transmissible diseases who could be in the 'window period' of the infection, when routine serological screening tests are negative. Difficulty in obtaining historical evidence of possible recent exposure from a critically ill prospective organ donor may make the residual risk of infection slightly higher than the risk estimated per unit of transfused products from serologically screened volunteer blood donors. Current estimates of residual risk from transfusion based on United States data are: one in 200,000 units for HBV; one in 2000 to one in 6000 units for HCV; one in 40.000 lo one in 60,000 units for HIV-1; and one in 69,272 units for HTLV-1/11. Despite recent improvements in anti-HCV testing, current screening assays underestimate the incidence of transmission and prevalence of HCV infection among immunosuppressed organ recipients: evidence of ongoing HCV infection depends on detection of HCV RNA by polymerase chain reaction. Determination of I-IIV-1 p24 antigen may facilitate identification of prospective organ donors in ll1e window period of early infection and may enhance serological follow-up of allograft recipients al risk of transplantation-associated HIV-1 infection. Highly sensitive assays that can be completed very rapidly are needed to ensure greater safely for the recipient of an emergency organ transplant, where time to screen a prospective donor for infectious diseases may be extremely limited.

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29

Dedicoat, Martin, and Neil Jenkins. "Screening for blood borne viruses in a Birmingham tuberculosis clinic." Journal of Infection 63, no. 6 (December 2011): e85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2011.04.147.

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30

Bossi, P., A. Tegnell, A. Baka, F. van Loock, A. Werner, J. Hendriks, H. Maidhof, and G. Gouvras. "Bichat guidelines for the clinical management of viral encephalitis and bioterrorism-related viral encephalitis." Eurosurveillance 9, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.09.12.00509-en.

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Most of the viruses involved in causing encephalitis are arthropod-borne viruses, with the exception of arenaviruses that are rodent-borne. Even if little information is available, there are indications that, most of these encephalitis-associated viruses could be used by aerosolisation during a bioterrorist attack. Viral transfer from blood to the CNS through the olfactory tract has been suggested. Another possible route of contamination is by vector-borne transmission such as infected mosquitoes or ticks. Alphaviruses are the most likely candidates for weaponisation. The clinical course of the diseases caused by these viruses is usually not specific, but differentiation is possible by using an adequate diagnostic tool. There is no effective drug therapy for the treatment of these diseases and treatment is mainly supportive, but vaccines protecting against some of these viruses do exist.

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31

Kesel, Andreas J., Zhuhui Huang, Michael G. Murray, Mark N. Prichard, Laura Caboni, Daniel K. Nevin, Darren Fayne, David G. Lloyd, Mervi A. Detorio, and Raymond F. Schinazi. "Retinazone Inhibits Certain Blood-Borne Human Viruses Including Ebola Virus Zaire." Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy 23, no. 5 (October 2014): 197–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3851/imp2568.

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32

Rumble, Caroline, David J. Pevalin, and Éamonn O’Moore. "Routine testing for blood-borne viruses in prisons: a systematic review." European Journal of Public Health 25, no. 6 (July 27, 2015): 1078–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckv133.

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33

Mortimer, P. P. "Unusual transmissions of blood-borne viruses, with special reference to HIV." Journal of Hospital Infection 43 (December 1999): S145—S148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-6701(99)90077-4.

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34

Al-Ani, Sami A., Kallirroi Tzafetta, Rolf E. Meigh, and Alastair J. Platt. "The Management of Human Bites with Regard to Blood-Borne Viruses." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 119, no. 7 (June 2007): 2347–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000261078.27085.a0.

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35

Berg, Michael G., Ana Olivo, Kenn Forberg, Barbara J. Harris, Julie Yamaguchi, Rachel Shirazi, Yael Gozlan, et al. "Advanced molecular surveillance approaches for characterization of blood borne hepatitis viruses." PLOS ONE 15, no. 7 (July 17, 2020): e0236046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236046.

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36

Jenkinson, K. M., M. Temple-Smith, J. Lavery, S. M. Gifford, and M. Morgan. "Dentists' Perspectives on Infection Control in Relation to Blood-borne Viruses." Australian Journal of Primary Health 14, no. 1 (2008): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py08011.

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The prevalence of blood-borne viruses (BBV) continues to increase in Australia, as does the need for vigilant infection control. Despite this, some Australian health practitioners demonstrate poor compliance with recommended infection control practices. The aim of this study was to examine the experiences and attitudes of dentists regarding infection control, patients with BBV, occupational risk, and related matters, and identify reasons for non-compliance with infection control guidelines. A purposive sample of 25 Victorian dentists took part in semi-structured interviews between November 2003 and November 2004. Interviews were taped, transcribed and coded for thematic analysis. The majority of participants expressed compliance with standard precautions; however, many admitted to changing their routine infection control practices for patients known or assumed to have a BBV. Approximately half disclosed minor changes, such as double gloving; a small minority reported having treated people with a BBV at the end of a session. Most participants experienced apprehension about the risk of occupational exposure to BBV and admitted this as the reason for changing infection control practices. Reasons offered by participants for poor compliance included ignorance of either the effectiveness of standard precautions or BBV transmission, or confusion and frustration regarding inadequate or impractical infection control guidelines. It is suggested that infection control guidelines be specifically designed for dental practice, and that these be promoted in both undergraduate dental education and professional development.

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37

Gilling-Smith, Carole, Serena Emiliani, Paula Almeida, Corinne Liesnard, and Yvon Englert. "Laboratory safety during assisted reproduction in patients with blood-borne viruses." Human Reproduction 20, no. 6 (April 7, 2005): 1433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deh828.

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38

Naseem, Zehra, Maaha Ayub, Sharaf Ali Shah, Syed Asad Ali, and Syed Hani Abidi. "Viral infections in Pakistan: prevalence, factors affecting spread, and recommendations for control." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 16, no. 06 (June 30, 2022): 913–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.15078.

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Pakistan is endemic to a number of viral infections, owing to its humid climate, topographical variation, soaring population, and lack of education and awareness. These viruses may have several different modes of transmission, including respiratory or airborne transmission, sexual transmission, blood-borne, fecal-oral transmission, vector-borne transmission, and transmission following an organ transplant. Although several different microorganisms are responsible for causing these infections, a few viruses are found more commonly in Pakistan and are primarily responsible for causing infections. In this study, we present a review of the most recent studies on different viruses, transmitted through various transmission routes, found commonly in Pakistan, along with the prevalence of each, and recommend control measures required against these viruses.

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39

Aibekova, Lazzat, Aizada Bexeitova, Arailym Aldabergenova, Gonzalo Hortelano, Zhangwen Ge, Feng Yi, Yiming Shao, Jack DeHovitz, Sten H. Vermund, and Syed Ali. "Transmission of HIV and HCV within Former Soviet Union Countries." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2020 (July 15, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9701920.

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Background. Following the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) in 1991, trans-border mobility increased within the former Soviet Union (FSU) countries. In addition, drug-trafficking and injection drug use began to rise, leading to the propagation and transmission of blood-borne infections within and across the FSU countries. To examine the transmission of blood-borne infections within this region, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationship of publically available sequences of two blood-borne viruses, hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), from FSU countries. Methods. We analysed 614 and 295 NS5B sequences from HCV genotypes 1b and 3a, respectively, from 9 FSU countries. From 13 FSU countries, we analysed 347 HIV gag and 1282 HIV env sequences. To examine transmission networks and the origins of infection, respectively, phylogenetic and Bayesian analyses were performed. Results. Our analysis shows intermixing of HCV and HIV sequences, suggesting transmission of these viruses both within and across FSU countries. We show involvement of three major populations in transmission: injection drug user, heterosexual, and trans-border migrants. Conclusion. This study highlights the need to focus harm reduction efforts toward controlling transmission of blood-borne infections among the abovementioned high-risk populations in the FSU countries.

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40

Carrillo-Bilbao, Gabriel, Sarah Martin-Solano, and Claude Saegerman. "Zoonotic Blood-Borne Pathogens in Non-Human Primates in the Neotropical Region: A Systematic Review." Pathogens 10, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10081009.

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Background: Understanding which non-human primates (NHPs) act as a wild reservoir for blood-borne pathogens will allow us to better understand the ecology of diseases and the role of NHPs in the emergence of human diseases in Ecuador, a small country in South America that lacks information on most of these pathogens. Methods and principal findings: A systematic review was carried out using PRISMA guidelines from 1927 until 2019 about blood-borne pathogens present in NHPs of the Neotropical region (i.e., South America and Middle America). Results: A total of 127 publications were found in several databases. We found in 25 genera (132 species) of NHPs a total of 56 blood-borne pathogens in 197 records where Protozoa has the highest number of records in neotropical NHPs (n = 128) compared to bacteria (n = 12) and viruses (n = 57). Plasmodium brasilianum and Trypanosoma cruzi are the most recorded protozoa in NHP. The neotropical primate genus with the highest number of blood-borne pathogens recorded is Alouatta sp. (n = 32). The use of non-invasive samples for neotropical NHPs remains poor in a group where several species are endangered or threatened. A combination of serological and molecular techniques is common when detecting blood-borne pathogens. Socioecological and ecological risk factors facilitate the transmission of these parasites. Finally, a large number of countries remain unsurveyed, such as Ecuador, which can be of public health importance. Conclusions and significance: NHPs are potential reservoirs of a large number of blood-borne pathogens. In Ecuador, research activities should be focused on bacteria and viruses, where there is a gap of information for neotropical NHPs, in order to implement surveillance programs with regular and effective monitoring protocols adapted to NHPs.

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41

YOSHIHARA, NAMIKO. "Blood borne viruses. Preventing transmission of infection under clinical and laboratory environments." Eisei kagaku 36, no. 5 (1990): 373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/jhs1956.36.373.

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42

AL-ANI, S. A., D. MOHAN, and A. J. PLATT. "Hand Surgery on Patients Who Are “High Risk” For Blood-Borne Viruses." Journal of Hand Surgery 31, no. 4 (August 2006): 426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsb.2006.03.172.

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Анотація:

There is a risk of transmission of blood-borne viruses (BBV) to health-care workers when performing hand surgery on intravenous drug abusers and other patients known to have BBV. This review summarises methods and procedures that may be employed to help reduce this risk to a minimum. High-risk patients should be identified early and a non-invasive procedure considered. Only experienced staff should scrub and appropriate clothing should be worn. Sharp instrument use should be kept to a minimum and only instrument retraction and suturing should be employed. When possible, wounds should be closed with staples, glue or absorbable sutures. Appropriate steps must be taken to reduce the risk of injuries from sharp bone ends, K-wires and splash exposure during irrigation.

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43

Nuttall, P. A. "Displaced tick-parasite interactions at the host interface." Parasitology 116, S1 (1998): S65—S72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118200008495x.

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SummaryReciprocal interactions of parasites transmitted by blood-sucking arthropod vectors have been studied primarily at the parasite–host and parasite–vector interface. The third component of this parasite triangle, the vector–host interface, has been largely ignored. Now there is growing realization that reciprocal interactions between arthropod vectors and their vertebrate hosts play a pivotal role in the survival of arthropod-borne viruses, bacteria, and protozoa. The vector–host interface is the site where the haematophagous arthropod feeds. To obtain a blood meal, the vector must overcome the host's inflammatory, haemostatic, and immune responses. This problem is greatest for ixodid ticks which may imbibe as much as 15 ml blood whilst continuously attached to their host for 10 days or more. To feed successfully, the interface between tick and host becomes a battle between the host's mechanisms for combating the tick and the tick's armoury of bioactive proteins and other chemicals which it secretes, via saliva, into the feeding lesion formed in the host's skin. Parasites entering this battlefield encounter a privileged site in their vertebrate host that has been profoundly modified by the pharmacological activities of their vector's saliva. For example, ticks suppress natural killer cells and interferons, both of which have potent antiviral activities. Not surprisingly, vector-borne parasites exploit the immunomodulated feeding site to promote their transmission and infection. Certain tick-borne viruses are so successful at this that they are transmitted from one infected tick, through the vertebrate host to a co-feeding uninfected tick, without a detectable viraemia (virus circulating in the host's blood), and with no untoward effect on the host. When such viruses do have an adverse effect on the host, they may impede their vectors' feeding. Thus important interactions between ticks and tick-borne parasites are displaced to the interface with their vertebrate host - the skin site of blood-feeding and infection.

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44

Gajić, Zdenko, Smiljana Rajčević, Predrag Đurić, Svetlana Ilić, and Tihomir Dugandžija. "Knowledge and Attitudes of Health Care Workers from the Primary Health Centre in Inđija, Serbia on Professional Exposures to Blood-borne Infections." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 64, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-64-2013-2268.

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Exposure to blood-borne infections (HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C) poses a serious risk to health care workers (HCWs). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the level of knowledge and attitudes on occupational exposure in primary health care. In 2009, a total of 100 health care workers from the Primary Health Care Centre in Inđija, Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia were included in the study. The results suggested that the health care workers who participated in the survey possess basic knowledge about blood-borne virus transmission routes. Most incorrect answers were related to the transmission of blood-borne viruses by tears, saliva, urine and stool. This study also demonstrated that health workers tend to unrealistically estimate the risk of HIV infections. As for the level of education about the prevention and control of blood-borne infections, 49 % of the participants had never had any education on this topic, while 22 % had been educated during the last five years. Around 75 % consider education on blood-borne infection and protective measures at work unnecessary.

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Malekifar, Pooneh, Reza Pakzad, Ramin Shahbahrami, Milad Zandi, Ali Jafarpour, Sara Akhavan Rezayat, Samaneh Akbarpour, et al. "Viral Coinfection among COVID-19 Patient Groups: An Update Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." BioMed Research International 2021 (September 3, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5313832.

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Background. Coinfections have a potential role in increased morbidity and mortality rates during pandemics. Our investigation is aimed at evaluating the viral coinfection prevalence in COVID-19 patients. Methods. We systematically searched scientific databases, including Medline, Scopus, WOS, and Embase, from December 1, 2019, to December 30, 2020. Preprint servers such as medRxiv were also scanned to find other related preprint papers. All types of studies evaluating the viral coinfection prevalence in COVID-19 patients were considered. We applied the random effects model to pool all of the related studies. Results. Thirty-three studies including 10484 patients were identified. The viral coinfection estimated pooled prevalence was 12.58%; 95% CI: 7.31 to 18.96). Blood viruses (pooled prevalence: 12.48%; 95% CI: 8.57 to 16.93) had the most frequent viral coinfection, and respiratory viruses (pooled prevalence: 4.32%; 95% CI: 2.78 to 6.15) had less frequent viral coinfection. The herpesvirus pooled prevalence was 11.71% (95% CI: 3.02 to 24.80). Also, the maximum and minimum of viral coinfection pooled prevalence were in AMRO and EMRO with 15.63% (95% CI: 3.78 to 33.31) and 7.05% (95% CI: 3.84 to 11.07), respectively. Conclusion. The lowest rate of coinfection belonged to respiratory viruses. Blood-borne viruses had the highest coinfection rate. Our results provide important data about the prevalence of blood-borne viruses among COVID-19 patients which can be critical when it comes to their treatment procedure.

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Tahir, Djamel, Leon Meyer, Josephus Fourie, Frans Jongejan, Thomas Mather, Valérie Choumet, Byron Blagburn, Reinhard K. Straubinger, and Marie Varloud. "Interrupted Blood Feeding in Ticks: Causes and Consequences." Microorganisms 8, no. 6 (June 16, 2020): 910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060910.

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Ticks are obligate hematophagous arthropods and act as vectors for a great variety of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths. Some tick-borne viruses, such as Powassan virus and tick-borne encephalitis virus, are transmissible within 15–60 min after tick attachment. However, a minimum of 3–24 h of tick attachment is necessary to effectively transmit bacterial agents such as Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp., and Rickettsia spp. to a new host. Longer transmission periods were reported for Borrelia spp. and protozoans such as Babesia spp., which require a minimum duration of 24–48 h of tick attachment for maturation and migration of the pathogen. Laboratory observations indicate that the probability of transmission of tick-borne pathogens increases with the duration an infected tick is allowed to remain attached to the host. However, the transmission time may be shortened when partially fed infected ticks detach from their initial host and reattach to a new host, on which they complete their engorgement. For example, early transmission of tick-borne pathogens (e.g., Rickettsia rickettsii, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Babesia canis) and a significantly shorter transmission time were demonstrated in laboratory experiments by interrupted blood feeding. The relevance of such situations under field conditions remains poorly documented. In this review, we explore parameters of, and causes leading to, spontaneous interrupted feeding in nature, as well as the effects of this behavior on the minimum time required for transmission of tick-borne pathogens.

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Ostankova, Yu V., E. V. Naidenova, E. N. Serikova, A. N. Schemelev, D. E. Valutite, E. B. Zueva, Hoang Khanh Thu Huinh, and A. V. Semenov. "Regarding Coinfection With Denge Viruses and Agents of Hemocontact Infections in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 3 (October 23, 2021): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2021-3-6-12.

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According to the WHO, there is an increase in the number of cases of dengue fever worldwide. In many countries, where dengue fever is an endemic disease, blood-borne infections associated with hepatitis B and C viruses and HIV are widespread. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is an endemic region for these pathogens. The unique epidemiological situation in the country provides an excellent opportunity to study the interaction between Arboviruses, agents of parenteral viral hepatitis B and C, and HIV infection in the body of sick people.The aim of this review was to analyze the literature data on the detection of cases of simultaneous infection with Dengue viruses of 1–4 types and agents of blood-borne infections in sick people in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Despite the fact that the simultaneous circulation of these pathogens in the patient's body can affect the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease development, there were very few works devoted to co-infection with Dengue viruses and HIV, hepatitis C or B viruses, including in the regions adjacent to Vietnam. Therefore, research in this direction is promising for both fundamental science and practical medicine.

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Dara, Ravi C., Aseem K. Tiwari, Dinesh Arora, Geet Aggarwal, Ganesh Singh Rawat, Jyoti Sharma, Devi Prasad Acharya, and Gunjan Bhardwaj. "Co-infection of blood borne viruses in blood donors: A cross-sectional study from North India." Transfusion and Apheresis Science 56, no. 3 (June 2017): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.transci.2017.02.004.

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Giles, Michelle L., Suzanne M. Garland, Joseph J. Sasadeusz, Sonia R. Grover, and Margaret E. Hellard. "An audit of obstetricians’ management of women potentially infected with blood‐borne viruses." Medical Journal of Australia 180, no. 7 (April 2004): 328–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb05967.x.

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Clark, Donald M. "An audit of obstetricians’ management of women potentially infected with blood‐borne viruses." Medical Journal of Australia 180, no. 12 (June 2004): 656. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06143.x.

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