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1
Kelleher, Michael. "Bulgaria's Communist-Era Landscape." Public Historian 31, no. 3 (2009): 39–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2009.31.3.39.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This essay discusses the various architectural and design elements that helped define the communist-era landscape of Bulgaria. The conclusions presented here are based on observations made by the author while living in Bulgaria and research into the literature on communist architecture and design in the East Bloc. Bulgaria was the member of the East Bloc that most closely followed the architectural and design model established by the Soviet Union and exported to its satellite states following the Second World War. This didactic model was intended to present a certain image of communism and its achievements. Despite physical changes that came with the end of communism in Bulgaria, the country has retained a significant communist-era landscape. Bulgaria, therefore, presents an opportunity to examine many of the architectural and design elements typical of the East Bloc, both how the communists intended them to be interpreted and how these buildings and monuments made the transition to the postcommunist era.
2
Rusu, Dumitru. "Dumitru Rusu, An Analysis of Socialist Modernist Heritage in Romania and the Republic of Moldova through Case Studies: Utilitarian Buildings and Industrial Facilities." 2 8, no. 2 (December 7, 2020): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37710/plural.v8i2_12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The “Socialist Modernism” Project is part of an initiative by B.A.C.U. Association focused on protecting built heritage in the former socialist bloc. In that respect, we have launched a campaign for the preservation of buildings that are specific to the socialist modernist period (1955–1991). The architecture of the socialist period, more precisely the modernist tendencies in 1955–1991, is a specific trend in the evolution of architecture in the former socialist bloc. There is increasing international awareness for this trend, as indicated by the creation of scientific communities (the SocHeritage Platform, part of the ICOMOS International Scientific Committee for the 20th century). The chosen period in our study was set by historic events that led to this new architectural tendency. At the time, the approach was inspired by modernist architecture, which came to the capitalist states in Western Europe with a set of principles. In socialist countries, modernist trends first influenced the professional sphere, and through that influence, they were able to penetrate borders and the limits imposed by ideology.
3
Popescu, Carmen. "Introductory argument: architecture of the Communist Bloc in the mirror." Journal of Architecture 14, no. 1 (February 2009): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602360802704786.
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Mosyakov, Dmitry. "New Military Bloc – New Threats to Peace and Security in Asia." South East Asia Actual problems of Development, no. 3 (52) (2021): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2021-3-3-52-005-017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article deals with issues related to the change in the security architecture in Greater East Asia after the emergence of a new military bloc AUKUS (Australia, USA and UK). The reaction to the creation of this bloc on the part of the key countries of the region is shown.
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Balletti, C., M. Costa, F. Guerra, F. Martinello, and P. Vernier. "MODERN AND CONTEMPORARY CULTURAL HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION AND KNOWLEDGE BY SURVEYING AND ITS REPRESENTATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2 (May 30, 2018): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-63-2018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Conservation of modern and contemporary cultural heritage, which goes from design objects, to architecture, to cities and territories, is certainly a current topic and in the development phase as it is underway &ndash; in the same modernity &ndash; a process of systematic replacement of architectural elements, outcome of solutions then experimental, which today are reproduced with contemporary materials, analogous in the appearance, but intimately different especially in the technological content.<br>The paper describes the particular case of La Tour de Meudon, better known as The Tower, (1966) by André Bloc, a contemporary architect of Le Corbusier, founder of L'Architecture d'aujourd'hui, who created his habitable sculptures. All his works mark the evolution of geometric abstraction to the free form, and they are still admirable testimonies of a journey that led him from architecture to architecture. His Architecture and his sculpture intertwine, opening the plastic unity of form in physical space&ndash;time. The survey is a fundamental moment for the knowledge of these hybrid architectures, where the structural component is hidden by its evident plasticity, as if it were a large sculpture with abstract and overlapping geometric shapes.<br>Survey isn't only an analysis of geometries: it is instrumental to the other structural and material analyses since it provides a metric and topological basis on which to spatially locate the phenomena being studied. The integrated survey of the building (laser scanning, photogrammetry, topography) has allowed to document his project, contributing to the to definition of the actual construction characteristics and ascertain both the material consistency and the state of conservation.
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Kulić, Vladimir. "An Avant-Garde Architecture for an Avant-Garde Socialism: Yugoslavia at EXPO ’58." Journal of Contemporary History 47, no. 1 (January 2012): 161–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009411422367.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Pavilion of Yugoslavia at EXPO ’58 in Brussels was an attempt to internationally showcase the specific brand of socialism developed in that country since its break from the Soviet bloc ten years prior. That goal was best achieved through the pavilion building, an inspired piece of modern architecture designed by the Croatian architect Vjenceslav Richter, which attracted much positive attention. In most other respects, the presentation was a relative disappointment, failing to engage the visitors in an attractive and well-rounded experience. This article provides an analysis of the conceptualization, development, and reception of the pavilion based on the abundant material from the Archive of Yugoslavia in Belgrade. It argues that Richter’s avant-garde design resonated with the self-proclaimed avant-garde status of Yugoslav socialism, but that its complex connotations, when seen through the lens of the Cold War, were reduced to a mere index of Yugoslavia’s break from the Soviet bloc.
7
Mumford, Eric. "CIAM and the Communist Bloc, 1928–59." Journal of Architecture 14, no. 2 (April 2009): 237–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602360802704810.
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Lee, Hyung Ho, Daniel Nemecek, Christina Schindler, William J. Smith, Rodolfo Ghirlando, Alasdair C. Steven, Juan S. Bonifacino, and James H. Hurley. "Assembly and Architecture of Biogenesis of Lysosome-related Organelles Complex-1 (BLOC-1)." Journal of Biological Chemistry 287, no. 8 (December 27, 2011): 5882–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m111.325746.
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9
Adell, Josep Mª, and Benito Lauret. "El sistema de albañilería integral AllWall con BHH/BLOC+." Informes de la Construcción 56, no. 495 (February 28, 2005): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ic.2005.v57.i495.453.
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10
Casanova, Rossend. "The Vision of Utopia." Global Design, no. 47 (2012): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/47.a.osauwkm3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Designed in late 1932 by Josep Lluís Sert and Josep Torres Clavé, Casa Bloc is one of the paradigmatic works of these architects who represented the most active core of the Modern Movement in Catalonia, known as GATCPAC (Group of Catalan Architects and Technicians for the Progress of Contemporary Architecture), founded in 1930 echoing the Spanish GATEPAC. I use the word “paradigm” in the sense of a theoretical framework or set of theories. In fact, Casa Bloc was not only the first major social housing building in Barcelona conceived in functional terms but it also exemplifies the reception in this city of the notions of the Modern Movement and how the guidelines recently approved in the 4th CIRPAC Congress were applied.
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Rogoff, Jana. "Poetics of Seriality: Socialist Architecture in Eastern European Animation." International Journal of Film and Media Arts 6, no. 2 (December 17, 2021): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.24140/ijfma.v6.n2.06.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article reflects on the ways in which animation critically engages with the transformation of city spaces and hence with politics of space more generally. Works of Polish and Czechoslovak animators, namely Hieronim Neumann, Zbigniew Rybcziński, Jiří Barta, and Zdeněk Smetana, serve as examples of animated films that address the phenomenon of urban development in the former Eastern Bloc. Through these examples, I examine how the dominant model of architecture between 1950 and 1990—the prefabricated concrete housing project—figured in cinematic narratives of the pre-digital era. Animation engaged with the transformation of city spaces on multiple levels: in terms of aesthetics (designs, interiors, surfaces), production modes (seriality, compression, simultaneity), and sociopolitical issues. Understanding what we might today call “serial aesthetics” alongside the social concerns that these works of animation raised provides us with a valuable historical perspective on the medium as a platform for negotiating the boundaries and overlaps between public, personal, and political spaces.
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García-Diego Villaría, Héctor, and María Villanueva Fernández. "LA CONSTRUCCIÓN COMO FRONTERA DE LA FORMA: EL LABERINTO DE ANDRÉ BLOC EN CARBONERAS." Proyecto, Progreso, Arquitectura, no. 8 (2013): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/ppa.2013.i8.04.
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Mirzayanovna Sadrieva, Liliya, Denis Vladimirovich Tsovma, and Svetlana Valentinovna Iudina. "The Problem of Supporting the Management of a Growing Multi-Discipline Group of Companies." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.38 (December 3, 2018): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.38.24596.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The process of growth of corporations and groups of companies has slowed down in Russia since 2008-2009 but has not stopped. Nowadays, a group of companies is usually a poly-industry organization with the presence of none-core companies and companies of the social bloc that is often the result of a trade-off of large business and the government. The task of bringing out the groups of companies of the social bloc into the break-even zone in Russia became acute after 2014 due to a reduction in reserves of profitability growth in the main profitable blocs. It is very difficult for the management of the group of companies to differentiate external risks, some complex system and accidental internal factors of activity of a relatively large number of economic entities and not to lose control of the group as a whole. In the authors' opinion, the development of a methodology for informational support of policy decisions regarding the architecture of a group of companies can be based on well-known concepts (the concept of strategic management) and approaches (systematic and process approaches). Then, the management of the group of companies is presented in the form of a list of competencies with assigned managerial functions of information support of different levels developed by the authors and presented in the paper.
14
Benárd, Aurél. "Remembrance and Architecture the House of Fates Project." YBL Journal of Built Environment 4, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbe-2016-0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The changes which took place a quarter of a century ago in the countries of Europe’s Eastern Bloc transformed the social conventions of the time. A kind of social dialog has been started, about the Holocaust amongst other things. New memorials and monuments dedicated to the Holocaust have been constructed in the countries of the region as a result. Several phases can be identified in the building of monuments to the Holocaust over the past 25 years. These changes in the process of recollection and in the building of the monuments themselves are typified by the House of Fates project. The memorial center was built in Budapest for the 70th anniversary of the Holocaust. But the changes in recollection did not stop there, did not come to a standstill in Hungary. It is a mark of the sensitivity of the subject that although the center was finished by the fall of 2015, it has still not opened its gates to the public. In the meantime the project has appeared in several Hungarian professional journals, however these articles do not venture far beyond the realm of basic description. Here we are attempting to analyze the project architecturally. Our analysis shows how the initial usage of primary symbols turns to more contemplative, more abstract images and devices.
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Molina, Camilo A., Zach Pennington, A. Karim Ahmed, Erick Westbroek, Matthew L. Goodwin, Rafael Tamargo, and Daniel M. Sciubba. "Use of Intraoperative Indocyanine Green Angiography for Feeder Vessel Ligation and En Bloc Resection of Intramedullary Hemangioblastoma." Operative Neurosurgery 17, no. 6 (April 1, 2019): 573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ons/opz053.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract BACKGROUND As vascular tumors, intramedullary hemangioblastomas are associated with significant intraoperative blood loss, making them particularly challenging clinical entities. The use of intraoperative indocyanine green or other fluorescent dyes has previously been described to avoid breaching the tumor capsule, but improved surgical outcomes may result from identifying and ligating the feeder arteries and arterialized draining veins. OBJECTIVE To describe the use of combined preoperative angiography and intraoperative indocyanine green use for the identification of feeder arteries and arterialized draining veins to decrease blood loss in the resection of intramedullary hemangioblastomas. METHODS A patient with cervical myelopathy secondary to a large C3 hemangioblastoma and cervicothoracic syrinx underwent a C2-3 laminoplasty with resection of the lesion. To reduce intraoperative blood loss and facilitate safe lesion resection, the vascular architecture of the lesion was defined via preoperative digital subtraction angiography and intraoperative use of indocyanine green. The latter permitted ligation of the major and minor feeding arteries and arterialized veins prior to tumor breach, allowing for facile en bloc resection of the lesion. RESULTS The lesion was resected en bloc with minimal blood loss (approximately 100 mL) and without intraoperative neuromonitoring signal changes. The patient remained at neurological baseline throughout their stay. CONCLUSION We present a written and media illustration of a technique for intraoperative indocyanine green use in the en bloc resection of intramedullary hemangioblastoma.
16
Veselý, Martin, and Lukáš Vacek. "TO THE PROBLEMS OF REVITALIZATION OF PUBLIC SPACES IN EASTERN BLOC HOUSING ESTATES." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 37, no. 3 (October 1, 2013): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2013.841332.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article is a contribution to the discussion about the revitalizations of over-dimensioned and characterless public spaces in housing estates areas in the Eastern Bloc. The Central Park in Southern Town I – the largest housing estate in Prague – is a significant example of such public space. The article presents the main results of two different but complementary analysis of the Central Park. Analysis “from bellow” (the user's perspective) is based on the results of anthropological research in the area. Analysis “from above” is based on personal experience of an urban planner. According to the authors only the triangulation of anthropological and architectural/urban planning methods of reading place allows to come near to complex understanding of place, its character and identity. The authors point out the importance of participation of the users in the revitalizations, which is an important condition of the broad acceptance of the result. Most of the Czech municipalities are still mistrustful of participatory processes. That brings many unnecessary problems.
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TWENEBOAH SENZU, Emmanuel. "The Advanced Proposed Architecture of Eco-Currency: Technical Analysis of West Africa Single Currency Program." Journal of Advanced Studies in Finance 11, no. 2 (December 22, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jasf.v11.2(22).03.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The different target of the time period has been established over the past two decades in the institutionalization of a single currency union in West Africa. Depending on varied reasons the proposed programs have always failed before the set timelines in respect of ECOWAS monetary unification and single currency adoption. As a result, the paper explored and developed its argument based on the existing studies of structured economic shocks, significant to the failure of the single currency union, and its major causal factors. And with observed structured analysis propose catalytic activator method as a theoretical guide to attain the single currency union within three (3) years ahead, if the necessary requirement as the commitment level of members’ State is applied towards the single currency unification program. It then elaborates in the spirit of precision the process required to sustain the eco-currency program in other to elevate members State in an out-date of its domestic currencies struggling as a subservient economic bloc to the adoption of a new anticipated domineering currency in its own merit to shoulder with the global dominating hard currencies.
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Standley, Michelle. "‘Here Beats the Heart of the Young Socialist State’: 1970s' East Berlin as Socialist Bloc Tourist Destination." Journal of Architecture 18, no. 5 (October 2013): 683–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2013.837948.
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ELGAMEL, MOHAMED A., MAGDY A. BAYOUMI, AHMED M. SHAMS, and BERTRAND ZAVIDOVIQUE. "LOW POWER FULL SEARCH BLOCK MATCHING MOTION ESTIMATION VLSI ARCHITECTURES." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 13, no. 06 (December 2004): 1271–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126604001945.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Power consumption is very critical for portable video applications. During compression, the motion estimation unit consumes the largest portion of power since it performs a huge amount of computation. Different low power architectures for implementing the full-search block-matching (FSBM) motion estimation are discussed. Also, architectural enhancements to further reduce the power consumed during FSBM motion estimation without sacrificing throughput or optimality are presented. The proposed approach achieves these power savings by disabling portions of the architecture that perform unnecessary computations. A comparison between the different architectures including our enhancements and others is presented using simulation and analytical analysis. Different benchmarks are used to test and compare the discussed architectures. Analytical and simulation results show the effectiveness of the enhancements.
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Maharani, Maudy, and Lina Purnama. "STUDIO MEDIA VISUAL DAN SINEMA RUANG LUAR MELAWAI." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 2, no. 1 (June 16, 2020): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v2i1.6851.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The media is one among many other factors, that is responsible for the dissemination of information amidst modern society. The Melawai Visual Media Community Studio and Open- Cinema project is created as a response towards the multicultural phenomenon caused by high plurarity rate of residents coming from different regions, locally or internationally. It aims to restore local values that starts to becoming insignificant among rapid globalization that is happening in the area. In addition, it also plays a role in strengthening relations between community-based social circles through efforts to foster a sense of pride towards local creative products. Synergized with M- Bloc Space which is a collaboration between PERURI and local creative industries intended to provide a space for creative-based community as a meeting point that is intergrated with Sisingamangaraja MRT Stop and Blok-M MRT Stop, Visual Media Community Studio and Open-Cinema project helps to upgrade the quality of the residents socially, economically and culturally through Creation and Appreciation program. The concept of Creation and Apreciation is the sole base of reference to determine the placement of programs on site, as the Open- Cinema (apreciation) placed in the center, supported by Pre-productions, Productions, and Post- Productions programs (creation) which revolves around it. The Street-sport zone program is also presented as a neutral space that is expected to attract new visitors outside visual media community, also to contribute in supporting the creativity programs through stimulation of mind through physical movement. The method used for this project’s design is examining several important contextual parameters around the area (cultural, nature, urban, and buildings’ form) as to produce a form that is explorative but still possess the soul of Colonial Architecture used in the remain buldings of PERURI and M-Bloc Space through the use of vertical elements and the minimalism of material chosen for the building. AbstrakMedia merupakan salah satu unsur yang bertanggung jawab atas penyebaran informasi ditengah masyarakat modern. Proyek Studio Media Visual dan Sinema Ruang Luar Melawai merupakan respon atas fenomena multikultur yang disebabkan oleh pluraritas masyarakat yang tinggi di kawasan tersebut. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengembalikan kembali nilai-nilai lokal yang kabur ditengah derasnya arus pengaruh dari budaya asing. Selain itu, proyek juga berperan sebagai pemererat hubungan antar masyarakat Melawai dalam asas komunitas melalui usaha dalam menumbuhkan rasa kebanggaan tidak hanya terhadap karya asing namun juga karya anak bangsa, melalui konsep dan program yang ditawarkan. Dengan sinergi terhadap proyek M-Bloc space yang merupakan kerja sama antara PERURI dengan badan swasta guna menciptakan ruang kreatif sebagai meeting point yang terintegrasi dengan Halte MRT Sisingamangaraja dan Halte MRT Blok-M, proyek Studio Media Visual dan Sinema Ruang Luar ikut berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan kualitas masyrakat secara sosial, ekonomi maupun budaya melalui kegiatan kreasi dan apresiasi karya. Konsep kreasi dan apreasiasi juga dijadikan sebagai dasar atas program dan penempatan ruang, dimana Sinema Ruang Luar berperan sebagai pusat (apresiasi) dan studio pre-produksi, produksi, dan pos- produksi yang mengegelilinginya. Program street- sport zone juga dihadirkan sebagai ruang netral yang diharapkan dapat menarik pengunjung baru diluar komunitas dengan minat yang sama, juga memicu kreatifitas komunitas melalui stimulasi pikiran melalui gerak fisik. Metode yang digunakan merupakan pendekatan kontekstual yang mengkaji empat parameter kontekstual (budaya, alam, urban, dan fisik bangunan) yang menghasilkan bentuk yang eksploratif namun tetap menyisikpkan unsur- unsur kolonial yang merupakan wujud bangunan dari kompleks Eks- PERURI dan M-Bloc Space.
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Ferreira, Zara. "The right to comfort in the century of the self." Housing for All, no. 65 (2021): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/65.a.j2zx0idz.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
After the war, the world was divided between two main powers, a Western capitalist bloc led by the USA, and an Eastern communist bloc, driven by the USSR. From Japan to Mexico, the post-war years were ones of prosperous economic growth and profound social transformation. It was the time of re-housing families split apart and of rebuilding destroyed cities, but it was also the time of democratic rebirth, the definition of individual and collective freedoms and rights, and of belief in the open society envisaged by Karl Popper. Simultaneously, it was the time of the biggest migrations from the countryside, revealing a large faith in the city, and of baby booms, revealing a new hope in humanity. (...) Whether through welfare state systems, as mainly evidenced in Western Europe, under the prospects launched by the Plan Marshall (1947), or through the establishment of local housing authorities funded or semi-funded by the government, or through the support of private companies, civil organizations or associations, the time had come for the large-scale application of the principles of modern architecture and engineering developed before the war. From the Spanish polígonos residenciales to the German großsiedlungen, ambitious housing programs were established in order to improve the citizens’ living conditions and health standards, as an answer to the housing shortage, and as a symbol of a new egalitarian society: comfort would no longer only be found in bourgeois houses.
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Ferreira, Zara. "The right to comfort in the century of the self." docomomo journal, no. 65 (August 31, 2021): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.47982/65.a.j2zx0idz.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
After the war, the world was divided between two main powers, a Western capitalist bloc led by the USA, and an Eastern communist bloc, driven by the USSR. From Japan to Mexico, the post-war years were ones of prosperous economic growth and profound social transformation. It was the time of re-housing families split apart and of rebuilding destroyed cities, but it was also the time of democratic rebirth, the definition of individual and collective freedoms and rights, and of belief in the open society envisaged by Karl Popper. Simultaneously, it was the time of the biggest migrations from the countryside, revealing a large faith in the city, and of baby booms, revealing a new hope in humanity. (...) Whether through welfare state systems, as mainly evidenced in Western Europe, under the prospects launched by the Plan Marshall (1947), or through the establishment of local housing authorities funded or semi-funded by the government, or through the support of private companies, civil organizations or associations, the time had come for the large-scale application of the principles of modern architecture and engineering developed before the war. From the Spanish polígonos residenciales to the German großsiedlungen, ambitious housing programs were established in order to improve the citizens’ living conditions and health standards, as an answer to the housing shortage, and as a symbol of a new egalitarian society: comfort would no longer only be found in bourgeois houses.
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Leśniak, Agnieszka, Monika Górka, and Izabela Skrzypczak. "Barriers to BIM Implementation in Architecture, Construction, and Engineering Projects—The Polish Study." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 9, 2021): 2090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082090.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BIM (building information modeling) is a kind of technology that has great potential to enhance the level of automation in architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) projects. The created virtual model of the facility allows coordinating all industries during the entire life cycle of the building. The possibility to save the data related to the given facility in one place, namely in the BIM model, enables control and management of the AEC projects at every stage. During the design and implementation phase, BIM models facilitate the optimization of time, costs, and quality, and in the operational phase, they support effective management of the facility. The use of BIM for building energy modeling (BEM) is the next step of evolution in architecture and engineering design practice. The benefits of using the BIM approach are widely discussed in the literature; however, they may be hard to achieve if appropriate attention is not directed to minimizing the barriers to the implementation of this technology. Observing Europe, one can notice that western and northern countries successfully use BIM for their needs, while the countries of the Eastern Bloc, including Poland, introduce it at a slower pace. In the present paper, the authors conducted a cause-and-effect analysis of the identified barriers to the implementation of BIM technology in the construction process. For this purpose, the authors applied the Ishikawa diagram, which is a tool that helps to recognize the actual or potential causes of failure. The analysis conducted showed that one of the weakest links in the successful BIM implementation is people and, in particular, their lack of knowledge and reluctance to change. The authors indicated the need to introduce and strengthen preventive actions, mainly through education: training, courses, and studies focused on BIM technology.
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Kamali, Hadi Mardani, and Shaahin Hessabi. "A Fault Tolerant Parallelism Approach for Implementing High-Throughput Pipelined Advanced Encryption Standard." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 25, no. 09 (June 21, 2016): 1650113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126616501139.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is the most popular symmetric encryption method, which encrypts streams of data by using symmetric keys. The current preferable AES architectures employ effective methods to achieve two important goals: protection against power analysis attacks and high-throughput. Based on a different architectural point of view, we implement a particular parallel architecture for the latter goal, which is capable of implementing a more efficient pipelining in field-programmable gate array (FPGA). In this regard, all intermediate registers which have a role for unrolling the main loop will be removed. Also, instead of unrolling the main loop of AES algorithm, we implement pipelining structure by replicating nonpipelined AES architectures and using an auto-assigner mechanism for each AES block. By implementing the new pipelined architecture, we achieve two valuable advantages: (a) solving single point of failure problem when one of the replicated parts is faulty and (b) deploying the proposed design as a fault tolerant AES architecture. In addition, we put emphasis on area optimization for all four AES main functions to reduce the overhead associated with AES block replication. The simulation results show that the maximum frequency of our proposed AES architecture is 675.62[Formula: see text]MHz, and for AES128 the throughput is 86.5[Formula: see text]Gbps which is 30.9% better than its closest existing competitor.
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Sidorenko, E. "Digital Currency of Central Banks." International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy 19, no. 2 (2021): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17994/it.2021.19.2.65.8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study provides a systematic analysis of central banks digital currencies (CBDC) as a new financial instrument. The main goal of the study was to review the CBDC economic development scenarios both domestically and internationally based on the assessment of the main features, advantages and risks of introducing this financial instrument into the modern monetary policy. The study considers the following three main characteristics of CBDC: a tool for domestic settlements, a single unit of account for the economic bloc of countries and a universal international digital currency. Each of these models was considered by the author in terms of the motivation of market participants, degree of readiness of the project and its compatibility with the existing financial system. Differentiation of models, depending on the payment architecture, the technological parameters and the implementation scale, allowed to conclude that currently there is no common understanding of the CBDC nature and economic advantages neither for individual countries nor for the international community as a whole. Noting the technological advantages of digitalization of the financial system, states are yet to answer the question of the CBDC implementation scale. Will it replace cash domestically or will it become a single international payment instrument? And are states ready today to consider such a possibility? The author concludes the study by substantiating the idea that in the next 3-5 years interest in the digital financial services sector will grow mainly in developing countries looking for a qualitative leap in the development of the digital financial services. As for the developed countries, those are neither objectively nor subjectively ready to change the already built and well-proven financial system, and therefore, given their weak interest in paradigm shifts, digital currency in the next 10 years will not be able to provide an alternative to the US dollar as a unit of international settlements. At the same time, there is a high probability of the CBDC development as a means of payment within the economic bloc of countries provided the unity of purpose of its participants.
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Kim, Bo-Sung, and Jun-Dong Cho. "Maximizing Memory Data Reuse for Lower Power Motion Estimation." VLSI Design 14, no. 3 (January 1, 2002): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10655140290011096.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents a new VLSI architecture of the Motion Estimation in MPEG-2. Previously, a number of full search block matching algorithms (BMA) and architectures using systolic array have been proposed for motion estimation. However, the architectures have an inefficiently large number of external memory accesses. Recently, to reduce the number of accesses in one search block, a block matching method within a search area to reuse the search data is provided using systolic process arrays. To further reduce the data access and computation time during the block matching, we propose a new approach through the reuse of the previously-search data in two dimensions. Our new architecture in this paper is an extension from our previous work such that we reuse the previously-searches area not only between two consecutive columns but also between two consecutive rows, so as to entirely remove redundant memory accesses. Experimental results show that our architecture of increased area by 81% can reduce 98% of memory accesses. Total power reduction is 86% in power estimation by SPICE model.
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Lemanski, L. F., D. J. Paulson, C. S. Hill, L. A. Davis, L. C. Riles, and S. S. Lim. "Immunoelectron microscopic localization of alpha-actinin on Lowicryl-embedded thin-sectioned tissues." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 33, no. 6 (June 1985): 515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/33.6.3889138.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A procedure has been developed for the immunoelectron microscopic localization of intracellular antigens on thin-sectioned tissues. The tissues were fixed in a periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde solution or a formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde combination and embedded in the acrylate-methacrylate mixture, Lowicryl K4M (Polaron), which was polymerized under ultraviolet irradiation at -35 degrees C. Thin sections were mounted on gold grids, immunostained using an indirect method with ferritin-labeled antibodies, and, optionally, counterstained with osmium tetroxide and/or lead citrate and uranyl acetate. The procedure provided good morphologic preservation of the cell architecture in adult and embryonic heart, and skeletal and smooth muscle tissue, as well as nonmuscle cells. At the same time it retained the antigenicities of several contractile proteins, including myosin, tropomyosin, actin, and alpha-actinin. The method has advantages over en bloc staining techniques in that the problem of antibody penetration into the cells is eliminated and careful controls can be performed on adjacent sections. This technique will be useful for localizing, at the ultrastructural level, contractile and other selected proteins in a variety of muscle and non-muscle cells. Details of the new protocol and a description of the results of using antibody against the contractile protein, alpha-actinin, are given.
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Hasan, Raza, Yasir Khizar, Salman Mahmood, and Muhammad Kashif Sheikh. "Design Space Exploration for High-Speed Implementation of the MISTY1 Block Cipher." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (June 16, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2599500.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper proposes 2 × unrolled high-speed architectures of the MISTY1 block cipher for wireless applications including sensor networks and image encryption. Design space exploration is carried out for 8-round MISTY1 utilizing dual-edge trigger (DET) and single-edge trigger (SET) pipelines to analyze the tradeoff w.r.t. speed/area. The design is primarily based on the optimized implementation of lookup tables (LUTs) for MISTY1 and its core transformation functions. The LUTs are designed by logically formulating S9/S7 s-boxes and FI and {FO + 32-bit XOR} functions with the fine placement of pipelines. Highly efficient and high-speed MISTY1 architectures are thus obtained and implemented on the field-programmable gate array (FPGA), Virtex-7, XC7VX690T. The high-speed/very high-speed MISTY1 architectures acquire throughput values of 25.2/43 Gbps covering an area of 1331/1509 CLB slices, respectively. The proposed MISTY1 architecture outperforms all previous MISTY1 implementations indicating high speed with low area achieving high efficiency value. The proposed architecture had higher efficiency values than the existing AES and Camellia architectures. This signifies the optimizations made for proposed high-speed MISTY1 architectures.
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Liu, Li Chang, Jong Chih Chien, and Yu Wei Hsu. "A Generalized Frame-Level FSBM FLSA Architecture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 2915–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.2915.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Block-based motion estimation plays important roles in video applications such as video compression to detect movements as well as remove temporal redundancies between successive frames. Full-search block-matching (FSBM) is the preferred algorithm for accurate motion estimation. Frame-level pipelined systolic array (FLSA) FSBM architectures have advantages over block-level pipelined architectures in their simpler control and reduced number of memory accesses. In this paper, a frame-level pipelined FSBM motion estimation architecture using array processor for any square, N×N, block size is presented in full detail.
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Peric, Ana, and Milutin Miljus. "Spatial and urban planning in Serbia: A look through the lens of deliberative approach." Spatium, no. 37 (2017): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat1737049p.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In planning, the deliberative process is most commonly present in the form of a structured public discussion. The main idea behind such an approach is to improve communication among different participants by informing them about a local problem before any stakeholders? preference is adopted, agreement reached and, finally, the problem solved. With the help of a mediator, an independent third party, the participants are considered equal, rational and free to give their opinion. Such a deliberative approach is an integral part of most planning procedures in developed countries. However, the enhancement of the planning process in the post-socialist context is delayed due to institutional rigidities, public mistrust towards the initiators of spatial development, and the lack of mediation procedures in the planning process. Previous features are also specific to Serbia, as a transitional state, which, nevertheless, experienced a somewhat different social context in comparison to other Eastern Bloc countries during the second half of the previous century. To understand the contemporary situation better, the paper provides an overview of spatial and urban planning in Serbia since the Second World War, observed from the deliberative stand, in an attempt to define the basic guidelines for the transformation of the planning approach in Serbia.
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Martin, Benjamin G., and Elisabeth Marie Piller. "Cultural Diplomacy and Europe's Twenty Years’ Crisis, 1919–1939: Introduction." Contemporary European History 30, no. 2 (March 26, 2021): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096077732000065x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Photographs of the German and Soviet pavilions facing off at the Paris International Exposition in 1937 offer an iconic image of the interwar period, and with good reason. This image captures the interwar period's great conflict of ideologies, the international interconnectedness of the age and the aestheticisation of political and ideological conflict in the age of mass media and mass spectacle. [Figure 1] Last but not least, it captures the importance in the 1930s of what we now call cultural diplomacy. Both pavilions – Germany's, in Albert Speer's neo-classical tower bloc crowned with a giant swastika, and the Soviet Union's, housed in Boris Iofan's forward-thrusting structure topped by Vera Mukhina's monumental sculptural group – represented the outcome of a large-scale collaboration between political leaders and architects, artists, intellectuals and graphic and industrial designers seeking to present their country to foreign visitors in a manner designed to advance the country's interests in the international arena. Each pavilion, that is, made an outreach that was diplomatic – in the sense that it sought to mediate between distinct polities – using means that were cultural – in the sense that they deployed refined aesthetic practices (like the arts and architecture) and in the sense that they highlighted the distinctive features, or ‘culture’, of a particular group (like the German nation or the Soviet state).
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Yasir, Ning Wu, and Xiaoqiang Zhang. "Compact Hardware Implementations of MISTY1 Block Cipher." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 27, no. 03 (October 30, 2017): 1850037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126618500378.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper proposes compact hardware implementations of 64-bit NESSIE proposed MISTY1 block cipher for area constrained and low power ASIC applications. The architectures comprise only one round MISTY1 block cipher algorithm having optimized FO/FI function by re-utilizing S9/S7 substitution functions. A focus is also made on efficient logic implementations of S9 and S7 substitution functions using common sub-expression elimination (CSE) and parallel AND/XOR gates hierarchy. The proposed architecture 1 generates extended key with independent FI function and is suitable for MISTY1 8-rounds implementation. On the other hand, the proposed architecture 2 uses a single FO/FI function for both MISTY1 round function as well as extended key generation and can be employed for MISTY1 [Formula: see text] rounds. To analyze the performance and covered area for ASICs, Synopsys Design Complier, SMIC 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m @ 1.8[Formula: see text]V is used. The hardware constituted 3041 and 2331 NAND gates achieving throughput of 171 and 166 Mbps for 8 rounds implementation of architectures 1 and 2, respectively. Comprehensive analysis of proposed designs is covered in this paper.
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Muralidhar, P., and C. B. Rama Rao. "High Performance Architecture of Motion Estimation Algorithm for Video Compression." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 25, no. 08 (May 17, 2016): 1650083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126616500833.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Motion estimation (ME) is a highly computationally intensive operation in video compression. Efficient ME architectures are proposed in the literature. This paper presents an efficient low computational complexity systolic architecture for full search block matching ME (FSBME) algorithm. The proposed architecture is based on one-bit transform-based full search (FS) algorithm. The proposed ME hardware architectures perform FS ME for four macroblocks (MBs) in parallel. The proposed hardware architecture is implemented in VHDL. The FSBME hardware consumes 34% of the slices in a Xilinx Vertex XC6vlx240T FPGA device with a maximum frequency of 133[Formula: see text]MHz and is capable of processing full high definition (HD) ([Formula: see text]) frames at a rate of 60 frames per second.
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KITSOS, P., M. D. GALANIS, and O. KOUFOPAVLOU. "ARCHITECTURES AND FPGA IMPLEMENTATIONS OF THE 64-BIT MISTY1 BLOCK CIPHER." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 15, no. 06 (December 2006): 817–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126606003362.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, we present two alternative architectures and FPGA implementations of the 64-bit NESSIE proposal, MISTY1 block cipher. The first architecture is suitable for applications with high-performance requirements. A throughput of up to 12.6 Gbps can be achieved at a clock frequency of 168 MHz. The main characteristic of this architecture is that uses RAM blocks embedded in modern FPGA devices in order to implement the S-boxes defined in the block cipher algorithm. The second architecture can be used in implementing applications on area-constrained systems. It utilizes feedback logic and inner pipeline with negative edge-triggered register. This technique shortens the critical path, without increasing the latency of the MISTY1 algorithm execution. Compared with an implementation without inner pipeline, performance improvement of 97% is achieved. The measured throughput of the second architecture implementation is 561 Mbps at 79 MHz.
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Prathiba, A., Suyash Vardhan Srivathshav, Ramkumar P. E., Rajkamal E., and Kanchana Bhaaskaran V. S. "Lightweight VLSI Architectures for Image Encryption Applications." International Journal of Information Security and Privacy 16, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisp.291700.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lightweight cryptography offers significant security service in constrained environments such as wireless sensor networks and Internet of Things. The focus of this article is to construct lightweight SPN block cipher architectures with substitution box based on finite fields. The paper also details the FPGA implementation of the lightweight symmetric block cipher algorithm of SPN type with combinational S-box. Restructuring of traditional look-up-table Substitution Box (S-Box) sub-structure with a combinational logic S-box is attempted. Elementary architectures namely the basic round architecture and reduced datawidth architecture incorporating look-up-table and combinational S-Box substructure are compared in terms of area and throughput. Proposed restructure mechanism occupies less FPGA resources with no comprise in the latency and also demonstrates performance efficiency and low power consumption in Xilinx FPGAs. Robustness of the proposed method against various statistical attacks has been analyzed through comparison with other existing encryption mechanisms.
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Thokala, Bhagavanreddy, and K. Haripriya K.Haripriya. "VLSI Motion Estimation Architecture for Full Search Block Matching Algorithm." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 132–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/feb2013/44.
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Wu, Yali. "Classification of Ancient Buddhist Architecture in Multi-Cultural Context Based on Local Feature Learning." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (May 23, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8952381.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ancient Buddhist architecture plays an important role in the development of Chinese architectural culture. Under the background of multiculturalism, the ancient Buddhist architectural style has also been influenced to varying degrees. In order to realize automatic classification of ancient Buddhist architecture under multi-cultural background, this paper proposes an automatic classification algorithm based on local feature learning. Firstly, the ancient Buddhist architecture images are gridded, so that the backbone network can obtain relatively flat ancient Buddhist architecture image blocks. At the same time, the backbone network can learn more local details. Then, the grid reconstruction module is designed to strengthen the connection between the features of each block and highlight the distinguishing detail features. The accuracy of ancient Buddhist architecture classification can be effectively improved through image meshing and mesh reconstruction. Experiment and analysis are carried out by using the dataset of ancient Buddhist architecture images on the Internet. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has better recognition accuracy and robustness than other comparison algorithms.
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Cancellier, Luiz Henrique, André Beims Brascher, Ismael Seidel, André Beims Brascher, José Luis Güntzel, and Luciano Agostini. "Exploring Optimized Hadamard Methods to Design Energy-Efficient SATD Architectures." Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems 10, no. 2 (December 28, 2015): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29292/jics.v10i2.412.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
State-of-the-art video coding tools are submitted to severe performance and energy consumption requirements resulting from high complexity of video standards and from limited energy budgets of portable mobile devices. While providing most of the compression gains, inter frame and intra frame prediction techniques are the most demanding steps, since they compare a huge number of blocks. In such a process, the similarity metric employed affects both the quality of compression and the calculation effort. In this paper we propose the use of Hadamardbased Sum of Absolute Transformed Differences (SATD), in replacement of the traditionally used Sum of Absolute Differences (SAD), as a means of improving the efficiency of video coding. To allow that we explore two Hadamard Transform methods to design efficient SATD architectures, one using the Fast Hadamard Transform (FHT) butterfly and another one using the so-called Transform-Exempted (TE) SATD algorithm. Those methods were combined with architectural decisions (full parallelism, full parallelism with pipelining or multi-cycling) to build a total of six Hadamard-based SATD architectures that were synthesized for a commercial 45nm standard cell library for two operating frequencies. The architectures were simulated with pixel block data to obtain realistic dynamic power and energy estimates. The TE-SATD architectures achieved the lowest energy results: down to 13.13 pJ/SATD in the case of parallel architecture with pipeline. However, considering also the area results when evaluating energy, the best results are given by both methods using multi-cycling (transpose buffer): nearly 20.75 pJ/SATD with up to 63.54% smaller area compared with fully parallel architectures.
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Heo, Woon-Haeng, Hyemi Kim, and Oh-Wook Kwon. "Integrating Dilated Convolution into DenseLSTM for Audio Source Separation." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020789.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Herein, we proposed a multi-scale multi-band dilated time-frequency densely connected convolutional network (DenseNet) with long short-term memory (LSTM) for audio source separation. Because the spectrogram of the acoustic signal can be thought of as images as well as time series data, it is suitable for convolutional recurrent neural network (CRNN) architecture. We improved the audio source separation performance by applying the dilated block with a dilated convolution to CRNN architecture. The dilated block has the role of effectively increasing the receptive field in the spectrogram. In addition, it was designed in consideration of the acoustic characteristics that the frequency axis and the time axis in the spectrogram are changed by independent influences such as speech rate and pitch. In speech enhancement experiments, we estimated the speech signal using various deep learning architectures from a signal in which the music, noise, and speech were mixed. We conducted the subjective evaluation on the estimated speech signal. In addition, speech quality, intelligibility, separation, and speech recognition performance were also measured. In music signal separation, we estimated the music signal using several deep learning architectures from the mixture of the music and speech signal. After that, the separation performance and music identification accuracy were measured using the estimated music signal. Overall, the proposed architecture shows the best performance compared to other deep learning architectures not only in speech experiments but also in music experiments.
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Dowdeswell, Barry, Roopak Sinha, and Stephen G. MacDonell. "Architecting an Agent-Based Fault Diagnosis Engine for IEC 61499 Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems." Future Internet 13, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi13080190.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
IEC 61499 is a reference architecture for constructing Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS). However, current function block development environments only provide limited fault-finding capabilities. There is a need for comprehensive diagnostic tools that help engineers identify faults, both during development and after deployment. This article presents the software architecture for an agent-based fault diagnostic engine that equips agents with domain-knowledge of IEC 61499. The engine encourages a Model-Driven Development with Diagnostics methodology where agents work alongside engineers during iterative cycles of design, development, diagnosis and refinement. Attribute-Driven Design (ADD) was used to propose the architecture to capture fault telemetry directly from the ICPS. A Views and Beyond Software Architecture Document presents the architecture. The Architecturally-Significant Requirement (ASRs) were used to design the views while an Architectural Trade-off Analysis Method (ATAM) evaluated critical parts of the architecture. The agents locate faults during both early-stage development and later provide long-term fault management. The architecture introduces dynamic, low-latency software-in-loop Diagnostic Points (DPs) that operate under the control of an agent to capture fault telemetry. Using sound architectural design approaches and documentation methods, coupled with rigorous evaluation and prototyping, the article demonstrates how quality attributes, risks and architectural trade-offs were identified and mitigated early before the construction of the engine commenced.
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Richmond, F. J., D. R. MacGillis, and D. A. Scott. "Muscle-fiber compartmentalization in cat splenius muscles." Journal of Neurophysiology 53, no. 4 (April 1, 1985): 868–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.53.4.868.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Splenius is a structurally complex muscle that is supplied by nerves from four cervical segments. We have examined the architectural organization of extrafusal fibers in splenius by microdissecting muscles stained "en bloc" with gold chloride. We also analyzed the distribution of motor units supplied from different cervical segments using the glycogen-depletion technique. Microdissections show that the fiber architecture of splenius is different in medial and lateral muscle parts. In medial splenius, muscle fascicles run uninterrupted from the muscle origin to insertion, while in lateral splenius, separate compartments of muscle fascicles are linked in series by two tendinous inscriptions. In muscle fascicles longer than 2.0 cm, many extrafusal fibers do not run the whole length of the fascicle. Instead, these fibers end intramuscularly by tapering to a fine strand that is closely adherent to adjacent extrafusal fibers. Less than 1% of extrafusal fibers in splenius exceeds 3.0 cm in length. Experiments using glycogen depletion showed that nerves from different spinal segments innervate different muscle regions. Nerves from C1 supply muscle fibers in a small rostromedial zone. Nerves from C2-C4 have motor domains that extend from the medial to the lateral muscle edge and are arranged in series. In lateral splenius, the motor domains are separated by tendinous inscriptions. In medial splenius, where no inscriptions are present, the motor domains of adjacent segmental nerves have overlapping boundaries due to the extensive interdigitation of motor units supplied from different segmental nerves. A single muscle fascicle in medial splenius is commonly composed of two sets of fibers supplied by adjacent segments that are distributed at opposite ends of the fascicle and interdigitate in midregions of the fascicle. The in-series compartmentalization of splenius has important implications for its motor control. To secure effective muscle shortening or tension development, central mechanisms may be required to coordinate the recruitment of in-series motor units. The presence of many short fibers with intramuscular insertions leads us to question how contractile forces are developed and transmitted in splenius and other mammalian muscles that are composed of short, in-series fibers.
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Garzia, Fabio, Roberto Airoldi, and Jari Nurmi. "Implementation of FFT on General-Purpose Architectures for FPGA." International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems 1, no. 3 (July 2010): 24–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jertcs.2010070102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper describes two general-purpose architectures targeted to Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementation. The first architecture is based on the coupling of a coarse-grain reconfigurable array with a general-purpose processor core. The second architecture is a homogeneous multi-processor system-on-chip (MP-SoC). Both architectures have been mapped onto two different Altera FPGA devices, a StratixII and a StratixIV. Although mapping onto the StratixIV results in higher operating frequencies, the capabilities of the device are not fully exploited. The implementation of a FFT on the two platforms shows a considerable speed-up in comparison with a single-processor reference architecture. The speed-up is higher in the reconfigurable solution but the MP-SoC provides an easier programming interface that is completely based on C language. The authors’ approach proves that implementing a programmable architecture on FPGA and then programming it using a high-level software language is a viable alternative to designing a dedicated hardware block with a hardware description language (HDL) and mapping it on FPGA.
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Yunchyk, Valentyna, Natalia Kunanets, Volodymyr Pasichnyk, and Anatolii Fedoniuk. "Analysis of Artificial Intellectual Agents for E-Learning Systems." Vìsnik Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Lʹvìvsʹka polìtehnìka". Serìâ Ìnformacìjnì sistemi ta merežì 10 (December 2021): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sisn2021.10.041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The key terms and basic concepts of the agent are analyzed. The structured general classification of agents according to the representation of the model of the external environment, by the type of processing information and by the functions performed is given. The classification of artificial agents (intellectual, reflex, impulsive, trophic) also is s analyzed. The necessary conditions for the implementation of a certain behavior by the agent are given, as well as the scheme of functioning of the intelligent agent. The levels of knowledge that play a key role in the architecture of the agent are indicated. The functional diagram of a learning agent that works relatively independently, demonstrating flexible behavior. It is discussed that the functional scheme of the reactive agent determines the dependence on the environment. The properties of the intelligent agent are described in detail and the block diagram is indicated. Various variants of agent architectures, in particular neural network agent architectures, are considered. The organization of level interaction in the multilevel agent architecture is proposed. Considerable attention is paid to the Will-architecture and InteRRaP- architecture of agents. A multilevel architecture for an autonomous agent of a Turing machine is considered.
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Shah, Nehal N., Harikrishna Singapuri, and Upena D. Dalal. "Hardware Efficient Architecture with Variable Block Size for Motion Estimation." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5091519.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Video coding standards such as MPEG-x and H.26x incorporate variable block size motion estimation (VBSME) which is highly time consuming and extremely complex from hardware implementation perspective due to huge computation. In this paper, we have discussed basic aspects of video coding and studied and compared existing architectures for VBSME. Various architectures with different pixel scanning pattern give a variety of performance results for motion vector (MV) generation, showing tradeoff between macroblock processed per second and resource requirement for computation. Aim of this paper is to design VBSME architecture which utilizes optimal resources to minimize chip area and offer adequate frame processing rate for real time implementation. Speed of computation can be improved by accessing 16 pixels of base macroblock of size 4 × 4 in single clock cycle using z scanning pattern. Widely adopted cost function for hardware implementation known as sum of absolute differences (SAD) is used for VBSME architecture with multiplexer based absolute difference calculator and partial summation term reduction (PSTR) based multioperand adders. Device utilization of proposed implementation is only 22k gates and it can process 179 HD (1920 × 1080) resolution frames in best case and 47 HD resolution frames in worst case per second. Due to such higher throughput design is well suitable for real time implementation.
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Estifan, Elias, Varun Patel, and Matthew Grossman. "Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of a Proximal Esophageal Pyogenic Granuloma." Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine 2019 (September 29, 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9869274.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pyogenic Granuloma (PG), also known as lobular capillary hemangioma, is usually seen as a polypoid red lesion found on the skin or the mucosal surface of the oral cavity. PG of the gastrointestinal tract is rare, in particular involving the esophagus, only 14 cases have been reported in the English literature. We present an 80-year-old male who underwent endoscopy for evaluation of dysphagia and was found to have a single, red, bilobed 10 mm polyp with adherent white exudate approximately 19 cm from the incisors. Endoscopic ultrasound was performed with a 20 mHz miniprobe which showed the lesion contained to the mucosal layer with no muscularis propria invasion. A decision was made to perform endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). A mixture of saline and methylene blue was injected into the submucosal plane to raise the lesion with subsequent successful mucosal hot snare resection. The resection defect was then approximated and closed with a hemostatic clip to prevent bleeding. Pathology of the specimen revealed small capillary vessels growing in a lobular architecture with an edematous stroma and a florid inflammatory infiltrate representing a pyogenic granuloma. EMR allows for an en bloc resection of mucosal lesions with tumor-free margins, thereby providing both diagnostic and prognostic information. Comparing EMR with the novel technique of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), the incidence of bleeding and perforation is much lower; making EMR the best and safest resection option for this rare hemangioma. In this case, we demonstrate that EMR is a safe technique in removing a pyogenic granuloma in the esophagus.
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Sharova, Veronika. "Post-socialist city: the visual experience of everyday life as a factor of nation-building." Polylogos 6, no. 1 (19) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s258770110018979-8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The collapse of the so-called "socialist bloc" of states at the turn of the 1980-1990s. raised, among other things, the question of the formation and / or reformatting of national, regional and local identities in Central and Eastern Europe. This question turned out to be relevant in the context of rethinking the image of a post-socialist city. In this article, we plan to address a number of aspects of processes and practices related to architecture and cultural heritage policy, urban planning and identity in the post-socialist city. Warsaw, Budapest, Prague, Bratislava, cities of the former GDR and others, which developed for several decades under the conditions of the socialist (with all possible remarks) regime, at the new stage retained a number of visual features that referred to the socialist past. The surviving monuments, elements of toponymy, urban space planning, recognizable buildings (such as, for example, the Palace of Culture and Science in Warsaw), on the one hand, create a common space of historical memory in the region of Central and Eastern Europe; on the other hand, the new nationalizing projects of post-socialist societies have set and are setting the contours of singularity, national and local selfness, redefining the political and cultural maps of cities. While exploring the city as a political text, we plan to take a closer look at how the visual experience of everyday life influences the formation of post-socialist national identity and determines the commemorating practices of residents of such cities.
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Hastati, Fauza, Giska Ayu Pradana Putri Kamase, and Pascaghana Jayatri Putra. "Karakteristik Arsitektural Bangunan Indis Pada Perumahan Pegawai PJKA Pengok Blok A & B di Yogyakarta." SADE : Jurnal Arsitektur, Planologi dan Teknik Sipil 1, no. 1 (April 14, 2021): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/sade.v1i1.8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Indis house is a designation for the living house that occupied by both Dutch and the Indo-Dutch that built in the Dutch Colonial age in style of combining between Europe architectural forms especially Dutch and local architectural (Java). This combining created architectural characteristics of Indis house that are different from traditional house. In planning and designing process, Indis house is influenced by many factors such as the condition of surroundings, tropical climate which are very different from the climate in Netherland, social status, and also combining forms between Europe architecture and local architecture. The housing of Pegawai Perusahaan Jawatan Kereta Api Pengok at block A and B in Yogyakarta as one of the Indis housing of Dutch Colonial inheritance has uniqueness that reflected on its setting whith background of many factors influenced it. This literatur uses rationalistic-qualitative metheod in approach to theoretical framework that is built base on assessment parameters of architectural characterictics of living house according to Habraken (1978) including spatial system, physical system, and stylistic system. The Housing of PJKA Pengok at Block A and B in Yogyakarta was influenced by arhitectural style from two periods of Indis architecture development in Indonesia, the first one is the period in 1800-1902 (the Empire Style), and the second one is the period in 1902-1920. It most influnced by sosial status of users that reflected on its physical building setting. This sosial status prevailed to inner that reflected on distinct separation between hoodgebouw and bijgebouw, and also the social status prevailed to outside was inter-occupants of the houses location based on level of positions in Centrale Werkplaats (Balai Yasa). Another factor that also influenced the architectural characteristics is local climate that makes this housing looks in characterictics of tropical house. Climate aspect is an essential consideration in Indis house as an effort to create freshness inside the house. Next, combining factors between Ducth architectural forms and the traditional (Java) also influenced the architectural setting. Europe forms seem at building elements like door, window, luifel, gevel, chimney, and floor while the local ones seem at pattern of figure ground, the existence of open space in form of front veranda, the compositition of open space and building, and also vegetation.
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Patel, Chirag, Dulari Bhatt, Urvashi Sharma, Radhika Patel, Sharnil Pandya, Kirit Modi, Nagaraj Cholli, et al. "DBGC: Dimension-Based Generic Convolution Block for Object Recognition." Sensors 22, no. 5 (February 24, 2022): 1780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22051780.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The object recognition concept is being widely used a result of increasing CCTV surveillance and the need for automatic object or activity detection from images or video. Increases in the use of various sensor networks have also raised the need of lightweight process frameworks. Much research has been carried out in this area, but the research scope is colossal as it deals with open-ended problems such as being able to achieve high accuracy in little time using lightweight process frameworks. Convolution Neural Networks and their variants are widely used in various computer vision activities, but most of the architectures of CNN are application-specific. There is always a need for generic architectures with better performance. This paper introduces the Dimension-Based Generic Convolution Block (DBGC), which can be used with any CNN to make the architecture generic and provide a dimension-wise selection of various height, width, and depth kernels. This single unit which uses the separable convolution concept provides multiple combinations using various dimension-based kernels. This single unit can be used for height-based, width-based, or depth-based dimensions; the same unit can even be used for height and width, width and depth, and depth and height dimensions. It can also be used for combinations involving all three dimensions of height, width, and depth. The main novelty of DBGC lies in the dimension selector block included in the proposed architecture. Proposed unoptimized kernel dimensions reduce FLOPs by around one third and also reduce the accuracy by around one half; semi-optimized kernel dimensions yield almost the same or higher accuracy with half the FLOPs of the original architecture, while optimized kernel dimensions provide 5 to 6% higher accuracy with around a 10 M reduction in FLOPs.
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Lam, Duc Khai, Vu Trung Duong Le, and Thi Hong Tran. "Efficient Architectures for Full Hardware Scrypt-Based Block Hashing System." Electronics 11, no. 7 (March 28, 2022): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11071068.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The password-based key derivation function Scrypt has been employed for many services and applications due to its protection ability. It has also been employed as a proof-of-work algorithm in blockchain implementations. Although this cryptographic hash function provides very high security, the processing speed and power consumption to generate a hashed block for the blockchain network are low-performance. In this paper, a high-speed and low-power hardware architecture of the Scrypt function is proposed to generate blocks for the Scrypt-based blockchain network. This architecture minimizes the number of main computational blocks to reduce the power consumption of the system. In addition, the proposed sharing resources and pipelined architectures make the calculation speed increase significantly while the hardware cost is reduced by half compared to the parallel non-pipelined architecture. The full hardware system is designed and implemented on Xilinx Virtex-7 and Aveo U280 FPGA platforms. The hash rate of the proposed system reaches 229.1 kHash/s. Its hash rate, hardware and energy efficiencies are much higher than those of the other works implemented on FPGA and GPU hardware platforms. The proposed hardware architecture is also successfully implemented in an ASIC design using ROHM 180 nm CMOS technology.
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Vinogradova, Evgenia I., and Evgeny V. Kilimnik. "ANALYSIS OF COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH IN ARCHITECTURE AND PSYCHOLOGY OF THE LATE TWENTIETH-EARLY TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY." Articult, no. 3 (2020): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2227-6165-2020-3-137-148.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article analyzes the work of Western and Russian scientists, conducted in the past three decades, on the relationship of psychology and architecture. It is shown that in the West, the neuropsychological aspects of the relationship of psychology and architecture are studied thanks to modern neurobiological equipment, while in Russia there is a clear gap between the representatives of neuroscience, their technical support, and the architectural scientific community. As a result of the analysis conducted in the article, it is concluded that two research blocks can be distinguished. The first of them highlights the relationship between the psyche of the viewer and architecture. This may include research, both revealing the features of the perception of objects, and the influence of an architectural object on the viewer. Another block of research is connected with the psyche of the architect: and here the features of the design process itself are examined, as well as the influence of the personality of the architect on the features of the architectural object. It is concluded that the topic of reflecting the individual or individually-typological psychological characteristics of the personality of an architect in a specific architectural work remains undeveloped both in the West and in Russia, although it is extremely relevant today.