Статті в журналах: "Blend film"

1

Suki, Fairus Mazlia Mat, Nur Azleen Azahari, Nadras Othman, Hanafi Ismail, and S. Sasidharan. "Biodegradation Studies of Attapulgite Clay Filled Polyvinyl Alcohol/Modified Corn Starch Blend Films: Microbial and Enzymatic." Advanced Materials Research 747 (August 2013): 668–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.747.668.

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Attapulgite Clay Filled Polyvinyl Alcohol/modified Corn Starch (PVOH/OCS/AT) Blend Films were Prepared by Solution Casting Technique. Biodegradability of the Blend Films were Determined by the Biodegradation in Microbial and Enzymatic Degradation. the Obtained Results Showed that the Addition of Attapulgite in Polyvinyl Alcohol/modified Corn Starch (PVOH/OCS) Blend Film has Changed the Biodegradability of the Film in both Microbial, Enzymatic Media. among all the Attapulgite-Filled Blends, PVOH/OCS/AT2 Blend Film Shows the Optimum Biodegradability Behavior because this Blend System Shows Highest DED and DMD Values.

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2

Mohd Yazid, Norhanifah, Ruslimie Che Ali, and Asrul Mustafa. "Preliminary Investigation of Hydrophilic Polymer (HP)/Epoxidised Natural Rubber (ENR25) Blends Film Formation for Rubber Glove Donning Coating Application." Advanced Materials Research 1133 (January 2016): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1133.347.

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In this study, HP/ENR blends were prepared in aqueous solution with different hydrophilic polymers for rubber glove donning coating application. HP/ENR blend films were prepared using cast films technique to investigate the film formation prior to coating onto rubber glove. The films surface morphology were characterised using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Light Microscopy (LM). While, the thermal properties of the films were determined using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The microscopy results showed that coherence film formation can be obtained even though the PVA/ENR and PAA/ENR blends were immiscible. DSC result showed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the blends shifted to higher temperature compared with Tgof ENR. The preliminary evaluation of coating onto rubber latex film indicated that PVP/ENR blend is feasible as coating material.

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3

Gomes, Laidson, Hiléia Souza, José Campiña, Cristina Andrade, António Silva, Maria Gonçalves, and Vania Paschoalin. "Edible Chitosan Films and Their Nanosized Counterparts Exhibit Antimicrobial Activity and Enhanced Mechanical and Barrier Properties." Molecules 24, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24010127.

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Chitosan and chitosan-nanoparticles were combined to prepare biobased and unplasticized film blends displaying antimicrobial activity. Nanosized chitosans obtained by sonication for 5, 15, or 30 min were combined with chitosan at 3:7, 1:1, and 7:3 ratios, in order to adjust blend film mechanical properties and permeability. The incorporation of nanosized chitosans led to improvements in the interfacial interaction with chitosan microfibers, positively affecting film mechanical strength and stiffness, evidenced by scanning electron microscopy. Nanosized or blend chitosan film sensitivity to moisture was significantly decreased with the drop in biocomposite molecular masses, evidenced by increased water solubility and decreased water vapor permeability. Nanosized and chitosan interactions gave rise to light biobased films presenting discrete opacity and color changes, since red-green and yellow-blue colorations were affected. All chitosan blend films exhibited antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The performance of green unplasticized chitosan blend films displaying diverse morphologies has, thus, been proven as a potential step towards the design of nontoxic food packaging biobased films, protecting against spoilage microorganisms, while also minimizing environmental impacts.

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4

Srisuwan, Yaowalak, and Yodthong Baimark. "Preparation of Biodegradable Silk Fibroin/Alginate Blend Films for Controlled Release of Antimicrobial Drugs." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/412458.

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Silk fibroin (SF)/alginate blend films have been prepared for controlled release of tetracycline hydrochloride, an antimicrobial model drug. The blend films were analysed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-vis spectroscopy. The functional groups of the SF/alginate blends were monitored from their FTIR spectra. The homogeneity of the blend films was observed from SEM images. The dissolution and film transparency of the blend films depended on the SF/alginate blend ratio. Thein vitrodrug release profile of the blend films was determined by plotting the cumulative drug release versus time. It was found that the drug release significantly decreased as the SF/alginate blend ratio increased. The results demonstrated that the SF/alginate blend films should be a useful controlled-release delivery system for water-soluble drugs.

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5

Bin Ab Aziz, Mohd Farhan, and Rahmah Mohamed. "Biodegradability of Starch Based Films Blend with LLDPE and PVA." Advanced Materials Research 795 (September 2013): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.795.115.

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Biodegradability of films made from sago starch blend with PVA and LLDPE has been investigated. Blend films with different starch concentration were buried in the soil for 30 days for degradation test. FTIR and SEM have been performed on the film before and after degradation test to evaluate the biodegradability of the films. It was found that degradation rate increases with addition of starch into the blends.

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6

Sweah, Zainab J. "A Swelling Study in Different PH and Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Films Based on Pluronic F-127/ Poly-Vinyl Alcohol." Materials Science Forum 1002 (July 2020): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1002.389.

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PluronicF-127/PVA polymeric biomaterials blend films plasticized with glycerin were prepared by solvent molding method. The polymer blend films were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and mechanical measurements. The FTIR spectra of the two polymers and their blends show that there is no chemical interaction between the PVA and the PluronicF-127. FESEM images indicate that blend homogeneous film can easily be prepared. Mechanical and swelling properties of the studied blends indicate that these can be used for medical application such as biodegradable materials and biodegradable drugs carriers and as food packaging materials.

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7

Li, Jiao Jiao, Shan Shan Zhang, Xin Yue Zhang, and Shen Zhou Lu. "Preparation and Mechanical and Optical Properties of SF/Pyrrolidone Blend Film." Materials Science Forum 815 (March 2015): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.815.327.

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To improve the properties of silk fibroin film, the silk fibroin/pyrrolidone blend films were prepared by mixing silk fibroin and pyrrolidone solution at different ratios. The structure and mechanical properties of blend films were characterized. X-ray diffraction was used to investigate structure of the SF/PYR films, and the results indicated that the blend films were composed of the β-sheet form. Tensile strength and elongation at break of blend films were measured using an instron tensile tester. The results showed that tensile strength and elongation at break of blend films were high enough for application. Furthermore, the films’ flexibility was significantly improved. The optical clarity of blend film was tested by Microplate system. It can be seen from the results that optical clarity is not stable, but in some particular ratios we also can get high light transmittance blend films. At last, biocompatibility of blend films (the rate of the blend film is 30%) was accessed with L929 cell. The results showed that all types of blend films were able to support cell adhesion and proliferation. In addition, the cellular morphology of the cells cultured on blend films was better than that on silk fibroin films. In view of the mechanical properties and optical clarity, combined with their ability to support L929 proliferation suggests that this blend films will offer new options in many different biomedical applications.

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8

ASROFI, MOCHAMAD, DEDI DWILAKSANA, HAIRUL ABRAL, and RAHMAT FAJRUL. "Tensile, Thermal and Moisture Absorption Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) / Bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus) Starch Blend Films." Material Science Research India 16, no. 1 (April 17, 2019): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/160110.

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This paper described the tensile, thermal, and moisture absorption characteristic of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) / bengkuang (Pachyrhizuserosus) starch blend films. The film was produced through the solution casting method. Tensile, thermogravimetric analysis and moisture test were studied to determine the tensile strength, thermal stability, and moisture absorption, respectively. The highest tensile strength (TS) was 15.86 ± 0.69 MPa for pure PVA film. This result was higher than bengkuang starch and its blends film. Tensile elongation (TE) decreased as increased bengkuang starch content in PVA. The thermal degradation of PVA film was higher 10°C than bengkuang starch films in range temperature 200-380°C. The addition of bengkuang starch in PVA also increased moisture absorption. The highest moisture absorption was in the bengkuang starch film. This blend film’s tensile, thermal, and moisture properties probably suggested it could be suitable for food packaging.

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9

Zhang, X. H., J. J. Zhao, and Q. L. Cao. "Study on preparation and properties of PEG blend film." Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 17, no. 1 (January 2022): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2022.171.81.

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PEG (Polyethylene glycol) of biodegradable polymer materials were used to prepare (1 wt%, 3 wt%, 5 wt% and 7 wt%) PEG films. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was added to the PEG solution and mixed films with different mass fraction ratios of PEG/PVA (2:0.66, 2:2 and 2:6) were produced. Sericin (SS) was added to the PEG/PVA mixed solution to make PEG/PVA/SS mixed films with different mass fraction ratios (2:1:2, 1:5:2, 1:5:1, 2:5:1 and 1:1:1). The scanning electron microscope, film thickness measurement, tensile test and the swelling degree and dissolution loss rate test were used to analyze the mixed film. The research results showed that under the experimental conditions the PEG blend film had good film forming properties. The thickness of the blend film increased with the increase of solute mass fraction. The break strength of the PEG/PVA blend film increased with the increase of PVA mass fraction. The break strength, break stretch and break elongation of the PEG/PVA/SS blend film were all good and increased with the increase of PVA content. The results of swelling degree and dissolution loss rate showed that both PEG/PVA and PEG/PVA/SS blend films had good water-holding properties. The dissolution loss rate of blended films was less than 50% besides PEG/PVA (2:2) and PEG/PVA/SS (1:1:1) blend film.

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10

Su, Pi-Guey, and Nok-Him Choy. "Electrical and Humidity-Sensing Properties of EuCl2, Eu2O3 and EuCl2/Eu2O3 Blend Films." Chemosensors 9, no. 10 (October 11, 2021): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9100288.

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Impedance-type humidity sensors based on EuCl2, Eu2O3 and EuCl2/Eu2O3 blend films were fabricated. The electrical properties of the pure EuCl2 and Eu2O3 films and EuCl2/Eu2O3 blend film that was blended with different amounts of EuCl2 were investigated as functions of relative humidity. The influences of the EuCl2 to the humidity-sensing properties (sensitivity and linearity) of the EuCl2/Eu2O3 blend film were thus elucidated. The impedance-type humidity sensor that was made of a 7 wt% EuCl2/Eu2O3 blend film exhibited the highest sensitivity, best linearity, a small hysteresis, a fast response time, a small temperature coefficient and long-term stability. The complex impedance plots were used to elucidate the role of ions in the humidity-sensing behavior of the EuCl2/Eu2O3 blend film.

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11

Lu, Shen Zhou, Li Mao, Yu Liu, Shan Sun, and Gui Jun Li. "Preparation of Water-Insoluble Antheraea Pernyi Silk Fibroin Films." Advanced Materials Research 569 (September 2012): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.569.311.

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Antheraea pernyi silk fibroin (ASF) solution was prepared by dissolving Antheraea pernyi silk fiber in lithium thiocyanate solution. The ASF/glycol blend films were prepared by casting aqueous solution of ASF mixed with glycol. The structure of blend film was investigated by the X-ray diffraction method and infrared spectroscopy. The result showed that the structure of regenerated ASF film was α-helix and random coil conformation. After mixing with glycol, it resulted in significant increase in β-sheet structure with the improvement of water resistance of the films. This effect was strongly dependent on glycol content in the blend film. When the glycol content was more than 45 wt%, the structure of ASF changed to β-sheet and the film became water-insoluble. The breaking strength and elongation of ASF/glycol blend film were 30 Mpa and 50 %, respectively. In summary, the ASF/glycol blend film provided a great potential as a biological material.

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12

Wang, Xinqing, Zhenhua Huang, Zhaoyang Niu, Fangping Chen, and Changsheng Liu. "Glutaraldehyde Crosslinked High Content of Amylose/Polyvinyl Alcohol Blend Films with Potent Tensile Strength and Young’s Modulus." Polymers 14, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 5550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14245550.

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In recent years, with the development of green environmental protection, starch film has become of interest due to the wide availability of sources, low price, and biodegradability. Amylose/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blend films crosslinked with different amounts of glutaraldehyde (GLU) were prepared by a solution casting method. The cross-linking degree, water sorption, tensile property, crystallization and section morphology of the films were examined. With the increase in glutaraldehyde concentration, the cross-linking degree of the blend film was improved. The wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) result indicated that cross-linking hindered the crystallization of film. The section morphology of films was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the cross-linking degree of amylose film improved while the crystallinity decreased with the increase in glutaraldehyde content. Cross-linking had no obvious effect on the water sorption property of the blend films. The cross-linking modification significantly enhanced the tensile strength and Young’s modulus, while it reduced the elongation at break of the blend films. It was found that the film with 0.5 wt % glutaraldehyde possessed the best performance: the tensile strength increased by 115%, while the elongation at break decreased by 18% even at high relative humidity (RH) of 90% compared to non-crosslinked films. The developed amylose/PVA blend films have promising application prospects as agricultural mulch films and packaging materials.

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13

Ananda, H., T. Urs, Y. Prakash, K. Hemalatha, H. Somashekarappa, and R. Somashekar. "Microstructures and Electrical Properties of HPMC/PVP Polymer Blend Films Complex with Ferric Chloride (FeCl3)." Material Science Research India 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/110208.

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Microstructural studies on FeCl3 doped Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)/Poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) blend films were carried out using X-Ray diffraction studies. The XRD data revealed that the crystalline regions of the HPMC/PVP blend film decreases up to a certain percentage of FeCl3 and then increases. Electrical conductivity studies on these doped films suggest complex formation due to doping which affects microstructure and also ac conductivity of polymer films. All these results were analyzed and explained on the basis of micro structural modification of HPMC/PVP blends as function of dopant concentration.

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14

Phattarateera, Supanut, Nantaya Junsook, Pramote Kumsang, Ajcharaporn Aontee, and Noppadon Kerddonfag. "The Ternary Blends of TPS/PBAT/PLA Films: A Study on the Morphological and Mechanical Properties." Key Engineering Materials 861 (September 2020): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.861.170.

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This study investigated the effect of polylactic acid (PLA) on the mechanical properties and biodegradability of a ternary blend comprising of thermoplastic starch (TPS), Polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and PLA. The binary blend (TPS/PBAT) and ternary blend (TPS/PBAT/PLA) with various contents of PLA were prepared through a twin-screw compounding using an intensive mixing screw design. In order to observe the microstructure in blends, the SEM observation revealed the two types of morphology in the blends including (1) some TPS domain that still remained immiscible in all blends and (2) the partially compatible of binary and ternary blends. For the mechanical properties of the blends, the addition of the PLA component led to an improvement of the tensile strength and modulus. For the simple soil burial test, it found that binary film was fully disintegrated within one month, whereas the ternary blend films were also broken down but still remained in small pieces of fragile films. Finally, it can be suggested that the presence of TPS brought to the biodegradation of blends in soil burial test, while incorporating with PLA led to retardation in degradation rate.

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15

Wang, An Na, Li Gen Wu, Xiu Ling Li, Yu Dan Sun, Jie Wang, Shao Wen Wang, Ai Xia Jia, et al. "Study on the Blend Film Prepared by Chitosan and Gelatin." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 2866–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.2866.

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The viscosities of blend solution mixed with various concentration of chitosan and gelatin were investigated and the properties of the blend films prepared by gelatin and chitosan were studied by FT–IR, DSC and SEM in this paper. The results indicated that the viscosity of blend systems increased with the concentration increasing of chitosan, and that of mixed solution decreased with the concentration increasing of gelatin; there existed strong interactions between chitosan and gelatin molecular chains through hydrogen bond formation and chemical reaction; the surface of blend film had a relatively uniform and compact surface and the thermal stable of blend film was higher than pure gelatin film.

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16

Sankaran, Sowmya, Kalim Deshmukh, M. Basheer Ahamed, S. K. Khadheer Pasha, Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni, Deepalekshmi Ponnamma, Mariam Al-Ali AlMaadeed, and K. Chidambaram. "Investigation on the Electrical Properties of Lithium Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolyte Films Based on Biodegradable Polymer Blends." Advanced Science Letters 24, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 5496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2018.12136.

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In the present work, the polyvinyl alcohol/poly (N-vinyl pyrrolidone)/Lithium carbonate (PVA/PVP/Li2CO3) blend polymer electrolyte films were prepared via the solution casting technique, with varying concentration of Li2CO3 salt (0 to 25 wt%). The surface morphology of these blend electrolyte films was examined using polarized optical microscopy (POM). The electrical properties such as impedance (Z), quality factor (Q-factor) and phase angle () of PVA/PVP/Li2CO3 blend electrolyte films were elucidated using impedance analyzer in the frequencies from 50 Hz to 20 MHz and temperatures from 30 °C to 150 °C. It was observed that the inclusion of Li2CO3 salt into the PVA/PVP blend matrix led to an increase in the Z,  and Q-factor values. The maximum Z of 1.19 x 107 Ω (50 Hz, 30 °C) was observed for blend electrolyte film containing 25 wt% Li2CO3 salt. The  also increased from 139° (20 MHz, 90 °C) for PVA/PVP blend to 179° (20 MHz, 40 °C) for blend electrolyte film containing 25 wt% Li2CO3 salt. The Q-factor values was increased from 27.4 (10 MHz, 140 °C) for PVA/PVP blend to 56.2 (5 MHz,salt, 80 °C) for blend electrolyte film containing 25 wt% Li2CO3 salt.

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17

Hongsriphan, Nattakarn, Sutheekarn Dang-Arsa, Kantapong Saklo, and Thanphisit Thongsima. "Development of Breathable Films from Blends of Low-Density Polyethylene and Thermoplastic Polyester Elastomer." Key Engineering Materials 824 (October 2019): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.824.134.

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The main drawback of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film for packaging of fresh fruit or vegetables is low moisture breathability. This study developed breathable films by blending LDPE with thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE). LDPE and TPEE in the weight ratios of 95/5, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, and 60/40 wt% were melt blended and then extruded into films using a cast film extruder. Clarity of films was characterized by UV-VIS spectroscopy. Tensile properties, tear resistance, the degree of crystallinity, and morphology of blend films were evaluated. Water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) was investigated using a desiccant method. The prepared films were transparent. However, the UV-VIS transmittance was reduced slightly. Blending TPEE of more than 10 wt% reduced the modulus but increased elongation at break. It did not impact on the tensile strength of the blends. Since LDPE and TPEE are immiscible, applied stress during extrusion pulled them apart at the interphase boundaries creating micro-pores. As a result, these micro-pores reduce tear resistance significantly but increase WVTR of the blend films. Using a blend ratio of 90/10 wt%, the effect of chill-roll temperature and nip-roll velocity on film properties were studied. It was found that nip-roll velocity had more influence on WVTR than chill-roll temperature due to elongation of the pores.

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18

Hashemi Doulabi, Aazadehsadat, Hamid Mirzadeh, Nasrin Samadi, Shadab Bagheri-Khoulenjani, Mohammad Atai, and Mohammad Imani. "Potential Application of a Visible Light-Induced Photocured Hydrogel Film as a Wound Dressing Material." Journal of Polymers 2015 (August 24, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/867928.

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The objective of this work was to prepare hydrogel films, as semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPN), based on polyethylene glycol-co-fumarate (PEGF) and chitosan (Ch) blends. Hydrogel films were prepared by free radical cross-linking of PEGF, an unsaturated aliphatic polyester, in the presence of N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP), camphorquinone (CQ), and N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMPT) as a cross-linking, photoinitiating, and accelerating agent, respectively. The effect of NVP concentration on physicochemical and biological properties of semi-IPN film properties was evaluated. The sol fraction, water vapor transmission rate, and swelling degree of the hydrogel films were also investigated. Antibacterial activity against S. aureus was observed for the photocured blend hydrogels of Ch/PEGF with no toxicity to L929 cells according to the cell viability assays. Blend hydrogel films showing 600 ± 88% of equilibrium swelling degree in water and the lowest sol fraction (3.14 ± 1.22%) were obtained at 20 wt% of NVP content whilst preserving their own cytocompatibility and antibacterial activity. Therefore, this formulation was considered as an optimal semi-IPN blend hydrogel film composition with potential application for wound dressing.

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19

Wang, An Na, Li Gen Wu, Yu Dan Sun, Xiu Ling Li, Xiang Ying Xu, Chao Wang, Jie Wang, Qin Qin Fu, and Yuan Yuan Zhang. "Study on the Blend Film Prepared by Alginate and Gelatin." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 2879–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.2879.

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In this paper, the effects of temperature, ionic concentration and pH on the blend solution of gelatin with sodium alginate were investigated and the properties of the blend films prepared by gelatin and sodium alginate were studied by FT–IR, DSC and SEM. The results indicated that the blend system of sodium alginate and gelatin had a conditional miscibility, the interactions between sodium alginate and gelatin molecular chains interact through hydrogen bond formation, the surface of blend film had a relatively flat and compact surface and the mass of blend membrane changed a little from 0°C to less than 800°C , however, dropped suddenly at 800°C which showed the stability of blend film was better.

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20

Suki, Fairus Mazlia Mat, Hanafi Ismail, and Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid. "Effect of Soya Bean Flour Content on Mechanical Properties and Biodegradability of Poly(vinyl Alcohol) Film." Advanced Materials Research 626 (December 2012): 360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.626.360.

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Biodegradable film blends of soya bean flour with poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared by solution mixing and solution casting. The main goal of this study is to investigate the effect of soya bean flour content in the PVA film. Mechanical properties of the obtained blends were assessed by tensile testing, whereas the biodegradability were assessed by subjected the films in natural weathering. The incorporation of soya bean flour decreased the tensile strength and elongation at break of PVA film. However, the tensile modulus increased with the addition of soya bean flour. The reduction in tensile properties of the PVA/soya bean flour blend films revealed that the presence of soya bean flour show positive effect in degradation.

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21

Wu, Shufang, Xunjun Chen, Minghao Yi, Jianfang Ge, Guoqiang Yin, and Xinming Li. "Improving the Water Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Feather Keratin/Polyvinyl Alcohol/Tris(Hydroxymethyl)Aminomethane Blend Films by Cross-Linking with Transglutaminase, CaCl2, and Genipin." Materials 11, no. 11 (November 7, 2018): 2203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112203.

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The high moisture sensitivity of feather keratin/polyvinyl alcohol/tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (FK/PVA/Tris) blend films hinders their application in the packaging field. Thus, in order to improve the water resistance and mechanical properties of such blend films, we attempted cross-linking the blend film with cross-linking agents such as transglutaminase (TG), CaCl2, and genipin. Obvious differences in the morphology of the blended films were observed by scanning electron microscopy before and after cross-linking, indicating that cross-linking can inhibit the phase separation of the blend film. Conformational changes in the blend films after cross-linking were detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Importantly, from examination of the total soluble mass, contact angle measurements, and water vapor permeability tests, it was apparent that cross-linking greatly improved the water resistance of the blend films, in addition to enhancing the mechanical properties (i.e., tensile strength and elongation at break). However, cross-linking was also found to reduce the oxygen barrier properties of the blend films. Therefore, cross-linking appears to be an effective method for promoting the application of FK/PVA/Tris blend films in the packaging field.

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22

Iqbal, Mudassir, Hadia Zafar, Azhar Mahmood, Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi, and Muhammad Waqar Aslam. "Starch-Capped Silver Nanoparticles Impregnated into Propylamine-Substituted PVA Films with Improved Antibacterial and Mechanical Properties for Wound-Bandage Applications." Polymers 12, no. 9 (September 17, 2020): 2112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12092112.

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This research endeavor aims to develop polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based films capable of blends with silver nanoparticles (Ag–NPs) for improved antibacterial properties and good mechanical strength to widen its scope in the field of wound dressing and bandages. This study reports synthesis of propylamine-substituted PVA (PA–PVA), Ag–NPs via chemical and green methods (starch capping) and their blended films in various proportions. Employment of starch-capped Ag–NPs as nanofillers into PVA films has substantially improved the above-mentioned properties in the ensuing nanocomposites. Synthesis of PA–PVA, starch-capped Ag–NPs and blended films were well corroborated with UV/Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, NMR, XRD and SEM analysis. Synthesized Ag–NPs were of particle shape and have an average size 20 nm and 40 nm via green and chemical synthesis, respectively. The successful blending of Ag–NPs was yielded up to five weight per weight into PA–PVA film as beyond this self-agglomeration of Ag–NPs was observed. Antibacterial assay has shown good antimicrobial activities by five weight per weight Ag–NPs(G)-encapsulated into PA–PVA blended film, i.e., 13 mm zone inhibition against Escherichia coli and 11 mm zone inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus. Physical strength was measured in the terms of young’s modulus via tensile stress–strain curves of blended films. The five weight per weight Ag–NPs(G)/PA–PVA blend film showed maximum tensile strength 168.2 MPa while three weight per weight Ag–NPs(G)/PVA blend film showed highest values for ultimate strain 297.0%. Ag–NPs embedment into PA–PVA was resulted in strong and ductile film blend than pristine PA–PVA film due to an increase in hydrogen bonding. These good results of five weight per weight Ag–NPs(G)/PA–PVA product make it a potent candidate for wound dressing application in physically active body areas.

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23

Zhang, Wang Xi. "Characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Polyaniline Blend Films." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 2191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.2191.

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In this study a solution-blend method is adopted to prepare conductive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyaniline doped with dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (PVA/PANI-DBSA) blend films. Emeraldine base (EB)-type polyaniline (PANI) is dissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) and then blended with PVA/dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) solution by various amounts. The morphological structures and characterized of the films were observed via scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Electrical properties of the blends were characterized by means of electrical conductivity measurements. It is found that the electrical conductivity and the thermal degradation onset temperature of the PVA/PANI-DBSA blend film are increased as the amount of PANI-DBSA is increased.

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Thothong, Sirirat, Amnat Jarerat, Klana Rong Sriroth, and Rattana Tantatherdtam. "Degradation of Porous Starch Granules and Poly(Butylene Adipate-co-Terephthalate)(PBAT) Blends: Soil Burial and Enzymatic Tests." Advanced Materials Research 651 (January 2013): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.651.12.

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In order to confirm the feasibility of porous rice starch granules and PBAT blends as biodegradable composites, their degradability were carried out. Enzymatic degradability evaluation showed that α-amylase degradation of starch increased as the starch content in the blend increased. Burial test of the blends for 1-4 months was carried out and the rate of degradation of the PBAT/porous starch blend was confirmed to be slower than those of PBAT/native rice starch blend. Observation of the film blends structure by scanning electron microscope revealed that the starch was dispersed in a PBAT matrix. Furthermore, changes in the film surface after enzyme treatments were observed. The results obtained from the degradability of the porous starch granules and PBAT blends showed that this bio-composite was relatively slow, regarding as controllable degradation material.

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Hanif, Mohd Pisal Mohd, Abd Jalil Jalilah, Mohd Fadzil Hanim Anisah, and Arumugam Tilagavathy. "Chitosan/Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) Filled Carbonized Wood Fiber Conductive Composite Film." Materials Science Forum 1010 (September 2020): 638–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1010.638.

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Biopolymer-based conductive polymer composites (CPCs) would open up various possibilities in biomedical applications owing to ease of processing, renewable resource and environmentally friendly. However, low mechanical properties are a major issue for their applications. In this study, the investigated the conductivity of chitosan/ PEO blend films filled with carbonized wood fiber (CWF) prepared by solution casting. The effect of CWF was also investigated on tensile properties and their morphological surfaces. The tensile results from different ratios of chitosan/PEO blend films without CWF show that the tensile strength and modulus increased with the increase of chitosan content and chitosan/PEO blend film with 70/30 ratio exhibited the best combination of tensile strength and flexibility. However, a reduction of tensile strength was observed when CWF amount was increased while the modulus of the tensile shows an increment. The film also exhibited higher electrical conductivity as compared to low chitosan ratio. The addition of CWF greatly enhanced the conductivity three-fold from 10-10 to 10-6 S/cm. The electrical conductivity continued to increase with the increase of CWF up to 30wt%. The surface morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) exhibits the absence of phase separation for the blends indicating good miscibility between the PEO and chitosan. Incorporation of CWF into the blend films at 5wt% showed agglomeration. However, the increase of CWF created larger agglomerations that formed conductive pathways resulting in improved conductivity. FTIR analysis suggested that intermolecular interactions occurred between chitosan and PEO while CWF interacts more with the protons of PEO.

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Li, Feng Hong, Yan Ming Chen, Liang Li, Xiao Lin Bai, and Shu Li. "Starch-Chitosan Blend Films Prepared by Glutaraldehyde Cross-Linking." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 1626–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.1626.

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The present study evaluated the properties of the polymeric blend films obtained from chitosan and corn starch using glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent and glycerol as plasticizer by the casting/solvent evaporation method. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses confirmed that the groups interactions of starch and chitosan in starch-chitosan blend films were present especially when using glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies revealed an endothermic peak of starch film at 98 oC corresponding to water evaporation. DSC also indicated that the endothermic peak of blend films moved to higher temperature with adding chitosan and glutaraldehyde compared with native corn starch film. The tensile strength of the blend films increased with the increasing content of glutaraldehyde. The starch-chitosan blend films exhibited the highest tensile strength of 11 MPa when the content of starch was 9% (w/v in water), glutaraldehyde content was 1.0 mL, chitosan ratio is 0.35 (wchitosan/wstarch), glycerol ratio was 0.35 (wglycerol /wstarch).

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Saleh, Nuha A. Mohammed, and Dr Sabah A. Salman. "Thermal Properties of Manganese Chloride Salt Reinforced [PVA: PVP] Blend Films." NeuroQuantology 19, no. 9 (October 12, 2021): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2021.19.9.nq21145.

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The casting process was used to make pure [PVA: PVP] polymer blend film and MnCl2.4H2O salt augmented polymer blend film at varied weight ratios ((10, 20, 30, 40, 50) wt. percent). The influence of salt weight ratio on the thermal characteristics of [PVA: PVP] polymer blend films augmented with MnCl2.4H2O salt was also investigated. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of the [PVA: PVP] polymer blend films reinforced by MnCl2.4H2O was found to be higher in the experimental results. As the weight ratio of MnCl2. 4H2O grows and then falls, the MnCl2.4H2O salt increases and then reduces erratically. As the concentration of MnCl2.4H2O salt rises, it is discovered that the thermal conductivity coefficient of whole polymer mix films is extremely low. As a result, such films could be utilized as heat-insulation shields. The temperature of glass transition and crystal melting temperature of [PVA: PVP] polymer blend films reinforced by MnCl2.4H2O salt change as the weight ratio of MnCl2.4H2O salt increases.

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28

Han, Tae-Hwan, Eun-Sook Lee, Tae-Hoon Ko, Min-Kang Seo, Hak-Yong Kim, Hyo Jung Kim, and Byoung-Suhk Kim. "Hierarchically Assembled Nanofibers Created by a Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 16, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 4080–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2016.10846.

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We report the hierarchically assembled nanofibers created by LbL self-assembly depending on the PSS-PAA fraction in the blend solutions and pH during bulid-up of the PAH/(PSS-PAA) multilayer films. The multilayer [(PEI/blend)/(PAH/blend)4] films with ρPAA (PSS-PAA fraction in the blend solutions) = 0.0 in the blend solution exhibited surface morphologies of randomly isolated globular clusters, while at ρPAA = 0.75, worm-like morphologies were observed. Interestingly, the multilayer [(PEI/blend)/(PAH/blend)4] films with ρPAA = 0.9 exhibited unique fibrous morphologies with the diameter of about 50 nm at narrower pH range from 3.5 to 4.2, but also the fiber diameter distribution was narrower. Based on the thickness from the X-ray reflectivity, the thickness of the one bilayer multilayer film seemed to be 8.6 nm. The 3 bilayers multilayer film seemed to be formed as islands with very large roughness. The crystal sizes of the 3 bilayers and 5 bilayers multilayer films were about 71 nm and 123 nm, respectively. The resultant films were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and real-time in situ X-ray scattering measurements.

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29

Taktak, Wafa, Hela Kchaou, Marwa Hamdi, Suming Li, Moncef Nasri, Maha Karra-Chaâbouni, and Rim Nasri. "Design of Bioinspired Emulsified Composite European Eel Gelatin and Protein Isolate-Based Food Packaging Film: Thermal, Microstructural, Mechanical, and Biological Features." Coatings 10, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10010026.

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The study focused on the elaboration and the characterization of blend biofilms based on European eel skin gelatin (ESG) and protein isolate (EPI) and the assessment of European oil (EO) incorporation effect on their properties. Data displayed that the incorporation of EPI and EO to the gelatin formulation decreased the lightness and yellowness of composite and emulsified films, respectively, compared to ESG film. Moreover, ESG films exhibited improved mechanical properties than EPI films. FTIR analysis, all incorporated films with EO at the ratio 1:4 (oil/polymer) revealed similar characteristic bands as in free-oil films. Further, the SEM images of 100% ESG and 100% EPI films showed a smooth and homogenous structure, whereas the cross-section of blend film (at a ratio 50:50) displayed a rougher microstructure. In addition, emulsified film ESG100 revealed a smooth and homogeneous microstructure compared to that prepared using EPI/ESG 50/50 ratio. Furthermore, EPI or EO addition into the ESG matrix enhanced the blend films antioxidant activities.

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Sionkowska, Alina, Katarzyna Lewandowska, A. Planecka, P. Szarszewska, K. Krasinska, B. Kaczmarek, and J. Kozlowska. "Biopolymer Blends as Potential Biomaterials and Cosmetic Materials." Key Engineering Materials 583 (September 2013): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.583.95.

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Blends of two polymer, namely chitosan with silk fibroin or partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide (HPAM) were prepared. The surface properties of chitosan/silk fibroin and chitosan/HPAM blended films were investigated using the technique of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and by means of contact angle measurements allowing the calculation of surface free energy. Measurements of the contact angle for diiodomethane (D), and glycerol (G) on the surface of chitosan films and chitosan/silk fibroin films were made and surface free energy was calculated. It was found that chitosan/silk fibroin blend surface is enriched in high surface energy component i.e. silk fibroin. The surface roughness of chitosan, silk fibroin, HPAM, chitosan/silk fibroin and chitosan/HPAM blended films differs with the composition of the blend. Film-forming polymeric blends can be potentially used as biomaterials and cosmetic materials.

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Purwar, Roli, Anjali Verma, and Radhika Batra. "Antimicrobial gelatin/sericin/clay films for packaging of hygiene products." Journal of Polymer Engineering 39, no. 8 (August 27, 2019): 744–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2018-0406.

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Abstract In this study we have prepared flexible gelatin/sericin/clay blend films for packaging applications of hygiene products. Gelatin/sericin (3:1, 1:1 and 1:3 w/w ratios) films were prepared using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent and glycerol as a plasticizer by the solution casting method. The concentrations of gelatin and sericin were optimized on the basis of their mechanical properties. Closite 30B and copper-modified montmorillonite clay (with concentration of 1–5%) were incorporated into the optimized gelatin/sericin blend films in order to improve the mechanical and antimicrobial properties. The water vapor transmission rate of the film samples was also studied. The soil burial test showed very good biodegradability of the blends films. The antimicrobial testing revealed efficient activity of these blend films against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. Hence, on the basis of the above-mentioned properties, these films can be considered as promising candidates for packaging of hygiene maintenance products.

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32

Bouzidi, Samar, Emna Ben ayed, Quim Tarrés, Marc Delgado-Aguilar, and Sami Boufi. "Processing Polymer Blends of Mater-Bi® and Poly-L-(Lactic Acid) for Blown Film Application with Enhanced Mechanical Strength." Polymers 15, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15010153.

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Mater-Bi® is one of the most commercialized starch-based blends used in biodegradable flexible packaging. However, the high ductility and low stiffness of Mater-Bi® might limit its application and developing a solution to tailor the stiffness and mechanical strength is highly desirable. In the present work, blends based on Mater-Bi® and poly-L-(lactic acid) (PLLA) at a different ratio from 70/30 to 50/50 wt% were prepared via melt-extrusion and the effect of the PLLA content and Joncryl ADR® as a reactive compatibilizing agent, on the mechanical properties, melts rheology, morphology and disintegration aptitude were investigated. The inclusion of PLLA in Mater-Bi® has a marked beneficial effect on the tensile strength and stiffness of the blend while maintaining acceptable ductility. The addition of the reactive compatibilizing agent contributed to improving the strength and elongation at the break of the blend. The melt rheology of the blend was also affected by the ratio of the two components, mostly when the Joncryl ADR® was present. The disintegration by biodegradation of the blend was preserved in the presence of PLLA, and it takes less than 30 days for the films to completely decompose and disintegrate under controlled composting conditions. Interestingly, a thin film from Mater-Bi®/PLLA 60/40 was successfully prepared by blown film extrusion, demonstrating a good balance between stretchability (elongation at break exceeding 100%) and stiffness (1.8 GPa). This work opened to broadening the use of starch-based biodegradable plastic toward more demanding applications such as mulching films.

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33

Al-Bati, Sameer, Mohammad Hafizuddin Hj. Jumali, Bandar Ali Al-Asbahi, Khatatbeh Ibtehaj, Chi Chin Yap, Saif M. H. Qaid, Hamid M. Ghaithan, and W. A. Farooq. "Improving Photophysical Properties of White Emitting Ternary Conjugated Polymer Blend Thin Film via Additions of TiO2 Nanoparticles." Polymers 12, no. 9 (September 21, 2020): 2154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12092154.

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The effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the photophysical properties of ternary conjugated polymer (CP) blends of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl) (PFO), poly 9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole (F8BT) and poly(2-methoxy-5(2-ethylhexyl)-1,4 -phenylenevinylene (MEH-PPV) thin films was investigated. This ternary blend used a fixed amount of PFO as the donor with MEH-PPV and F8BT in various ratios as the acceptors. The solution-blending method and the spin-coating technique were used to prepare the blends and the thin films, respectively. Through efficient Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), the desired white emission was achieved with PFO/0.3 wt.% F8BT/0.5 wt.% MEH-PPV ternary blend thin film. Additions of nanoparticles up to 10 wt.% dramatically intensified the white emission which then dimmed at higher contents due to agglomerations. The current density–voltage characteristics of the nanocomposite thin films exhibited dependency on the content and distributions of the nanoparticles. Finally, a possible underlying mechanism for the intensification of emission is proposed.

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34

Bahtiar, Ayi, Siti Halimah Tusaddiah, Wendy Paramandhita S. Mustikasari, Lusi Safriani, Mariah Kartawidjaja, Kei Kanazawa, Ippei Enokida, Yukio Furukawa, and Isao Watanabe. "Optical, Structural and Morphological Properties of Ternary Thin Film Blend of P3HT:PCBM:ZnO Nanoparticles." Materials Science Forum 827 (August 2015): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.827.119.

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Ternary blend film of conjugated polymer, fullerene and inorganic nanoparticles has intensively studied as active material for high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of hybrid organic-inorganic solar cells. The incorporation of two electron acceptor materials of organic fullerene and inorganic nanoparticles into hybrid with electron donor conjugated polymer is strongly believed can improve the PCE of solar cells by increasing exciton dissociation efficiency due to an increase of interface area between donor and acceptor materials where the positive and negative charges dissociated. We studied optical, structural and morphological properties of ternary thin film containing blend of conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene (P3HT):fullerene derivative PCBM:Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) by measuring its optical absorption, crystal structure and film surface morphology. Zinc oxide nanoparticle was prepared by sol-gel method. It has optical absorption below 370 nm and average particle size 40 nm as shown by TEM picture. Ternary thin blend films of P3HT:PCBM:ZnO-NP were prepared by use of spin-coating method. The UV-Vis spectrum of thin film contains absorption peaks originated from contribution of P3HT at wavelengths 520 nm, 550 nm and 600 nm, from contribution of PCBM at 260 nm and 330 nm and from ZnO-NP at wavelengths below 370 nm which confirms that these three materials were well mixed in the films. Its XRD pattern also contains the peaks from each of these three-materials. In this report, we compare surface morphology of thin films of pure P3HT, pure ZnO-NP, blend of P3HT:PCBM, blend of P3HT:ZnO-NP and ternary blend of P3HT:PCBM:ZnO-NP.

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35

Baimark, Yodthong, and Theeraphol Phromsopha. "Controlling Crystallization, Mechanical Properties and Heat Resistance of Poly(L-lactide)-b-polyethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-lactide) Bioplastic by Melt Blending with Low Molecular Weight Poly(D-lactide)/Poly(L-lactide) Mixtures." Asian Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 7 (2022): 1857–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2022.23791.

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The crystallization behaviour, mechanical properties and heat resistance were determined for mixtures of poly(L-lactide)-b-polyethylene glycol-b-poly(L-lactide) (PLLA-PEG-PLLA) blended with poly(D-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) with m.w. of 6,000 g/mol (PDLA6k/PLLA6k). These blends were prepared by melt blending. PLLA-PEG-PLLA/PDLA6k/PLLA6k ratios of 90/10/0, 90/7.5/2.5, 90/5/5, 90/2.5/7.5 and 90/0/10 %wt. were investigated. PLLA-PEG-PLLA/PDLA6k and PLLA-PEG-PLLA/PLLA6k blends were also prepared for comparison. The presence of PDLA6k/PLLA6k mixture improved crystallization and heat resistance of PLLA-PEG-PLLA and this improvement was related to increased PDLA6k content. However, the 90/10/0 blend film was brittle but 90/7.5/2.5, 90/5/5, 90/2.5/7.5 and 90/0/10 blend films were not. The PLLA6k blending enhanced film flexibility. The results suggested that the PLLA-PEG-PLLA blends with controllable mechanical properties and heat resistance can be prepared by varying the PDLA6k/PLLA6k ratio for use as flexible and heat-resistant biodegradable bioplastics.

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36

Wang, Huai Fang, Hai Ning Lv, Jing Feng, and Zhi Kai Wang. "Novel Blend Films Prepared from Solution of Collagen and Cellulose in 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquid." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.30.

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Collagen/cellulose films were made by the blend solutions of collagen, cellulose in this paper. To begin with, collagen and cellulose was dissolved in 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Amim]Cl）. The structure of the blend films was characterized by FTIR and XRD. The effects of weight ratio between the two polymers on light transmittance, tensile strength, elongation at break and water absorption of the film were studied. The results showed that there were strong interactions and good compatibility between collagen and cellulose in the film and the polymers have strongest interactions at the mixing ratio of 5:5. The blend films possess better properties such as mechanical and water absorption properties than those made of single polymer.

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37

Yang, Seong Baek, Dae Won Jeong, Jungeon Lee, Sabina Yeasmin, Chang-Kil Kim, and Jeong Hyun Yeum. "Preparation of the Heterogeneous Saponified Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Poly(Methyl Methacrylate–Methallyl Alcohol) Blend Film." Materials 15, no. 7 (March 25, 2022): 2439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15072439.

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Анотація:

For the first time, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/poly(methyl methacrylate–methallyl alcohol) (P(MMA-MAA)) (9:1, 7:3, 5:5) blend films were made simultaneously using the saponification method in a heterogeneous medium from poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (9:1, 7:3, 5:5) blend films, respectively. The surface morphology and characteristics of the films were investigated using optical microscopy (OM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Moreover, the effect of the PVAc content on the degree of saponification (DS) of the PVAc/PMMA films were evaluated and revealed that the obtained DS value increased with the increase in PVAc content in the PVAc/PMMA blend films. According to the OM results, the saponified films demonstrated increased surface roughness compared with the unsaponified films. The AFM images revealed morphological variation among the saponified PVAc/PMMA blend films with different mass ratios of 9:1, 7:3, and 5:5. According to the DSC and TGA results, all blend film types exhibited higher thermal property after the saponification treatment. The XRD and FTIR results confirmed the conversion of the PVAc/PMMA into PVA/P(MMA-MAA) films. Thus, our present work may give a new idea for making blend film as promising medical material with significant surface properties based on hydrophilic/hydrophobic strategy.

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Kim, Youngkyoo, Minjung Shin, and Hwajeong Kim. "Polymer Solar Cells with Ternary Blend Nanolayers." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2008): 6247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.18378.

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Анотація:

We report polymer solar cells with a polymer blend nanolayer (film) that consists of two electron-donating polymers and one electron-accepting polymer. Regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly[2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MDMO-PPV) were employed as electron-donating polymers, whilst poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) was used as an electron-accepting polymer. Two kinds of solvent and film thickness were applied to examine their effect on the device characteristics. Results showed that the device performance was better when p-xylene was used as a solvent, whilst thicker blend films exhibited better power conversion efficiency. A nanohole morphology found in the blend film made using chlorobenzene, compared to the blend film made using p-xylene, was assumed to be responsible for the relatively poor device performance in spite of higher absorption in the longer wavelengths. Still low efficiency of present devices was attributed to the existence of charge blocking resistances in the bulk polymer nanolayer.

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Wang, Ling Shuang, Shu Qin Yan, and Ming Zhong Li. "Silk Fibroin/Hyaluronic Acid Blend Film with Good Water Stability and Cytocompatibility." Applied Mechanics and Materials 377 (August 2013): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.377.209.

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Анотація:

Stimulating cell proliferation is a challenge in the field of silk fibroin-based biomaterials. In this study, silk fibroin/hyaluronic acid blend films were prepared by a casting method using carbodiimide as a cross-linking agent. Carbodiimide induced silk fibroin to form Silk I crystal structure which was not affected by the presence of hyaluronic acid. The films showed high water resistance. In vitro, the performance of these films was assessed by seeding L929 cells. The results indicated that the silk fibroin/hyaluronic acid blend films with the blend ratio of 80/20 and 60/40 promoted cell proliferation compared with the pure silk fibroin or hyaluronic acid film. These results suggest that silk fibroin/hyaluronic acid blend films are water stable and cytocompatible materials which are expected to be useful in biomedical applications.

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Musa, Bushra H., and Nahida J. Hameed. "A Study of the Effect of Starch Content on the Water Absorption of PVA/starch Blends." Engineering and Technology Journal 39, no. 1B (March 25, 2021): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.v39i1b.1921.

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Анотація:

The present work aims to study physical tests such as the water absorption tests of PVA; PVA/corn starch blends at different mass percent (25, 30, 35, 40, and 50%) of corn starch after immersion in distilled water for ten minutes. The blends were also characterized by FTIR analysis, and an optical microscope. Casting method used to prepare samples. The results of water absorption exhibited that the weight losses of the sample increases the starch content rises in the PVA matrix. Also, it was found the highest value of the swelling ratio % at (50% PVA /50% Starch) blend, while minimum values of the swelling ratio % at (75%PVA /25%Starch) blend and pure PVA film. It was observed from optical microscope that the starch granules disperse well at 25 and 30 wt.% of the starch in the blend films. Nevertheless, clustering could be observed in the polymer blend at 35, 40, and 50 wt.% of starch component. It was shown that porous and spherical voids after the samples were immersed in distilled water.

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Fan, Wen Juan, Hong Xiang Ge, Yu Pang, and Hui Chang. "Removal of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solutions Using PVA/SA Blend Films." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 2142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.2142.

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Анотація:

The different ratios (PVA and SA) of PVA/SA blend films with cross-linking structure are successfully prepared by coagulating the mixture of sodium alginate (SA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in aqueous solution, then by treating with crosslinking agent CaCl2solution. The Surface morphology and flexibility of PVA/SA blend films were studied. The results indicate there is some strong interaction and good compatibility between sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol molecular. The physical and chemical properties of the PSA-80(PVA:SA=4:1) blend films are obviously improved owing to a molecular force and hydrogen bond interaction. The effects of parameters of the blend film was investigated in relation to its adsorption capability for low concentration ions Cr (VI) including such as SA content of the PVA/SA film, contact time, solution pH and temperature of solution. The results indicate that the maximum adsorption rate is 95.86% at the temperature 50°C under optimized pH 4 for 60min by PSA-80 films.

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42

Ali H Elhosiny., Khairy Y., Abdellahi M. O., Sayed M. A., Abd-Rabboh H S. M., Awwad N. S., Shkir M., and Abdel-Aziz M. M. "Structural, Opto-Physical, Photoluminescence, and Optical Limiting Properties of Polyvinyl (Pyrrolidone and Alcohol) Blend Film Doped with Co-Metal." Physics of the Solid State 64, no. 8 (2022): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pss.2022.08.54625.012.

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Анотація:

The optical properties of polyvinyl (pyrrolidine and alcohol) and PV(P/A) blend polymer have been improved using Co-metal as a filler for optoelectronic and optical shielding applications. The casting technique of solutions was used in order to prepare composite films with different Co-ratios (x: 0-18.5). XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and UV-visible spectrophotometry were operated to study the structure, morphology, and optical features of the flexible plain blend and composite films. The semi-crystalline nature of the films was influenced by the filler ratio of nanoparticles. Homogenous dispersion with some agglomeration of Co-particles has been observed in the host blend matrix. Then again, a successful interaction between the host matrix and particles was ensured by the FT-IR spectroscopic and XRD measurements. The cut-off absorbance edge of composite films is red-shifted from 200 nm (host blend) to 228 nm. The indirect transition optical band gap was confirmed from the Tauc's and optical dielectric loss calculations. Its value goes back from 5.15 eV (plain blend) to 4.43 eV for 18.5 wt% Co-blend composite film. An improvement in the extinction coefficient, optical conductivity, and refractive index of the composite films was achieved compared with the plain blend. The non-linear parameters of the composites were also enhanced. Photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra of PV(P/A) blend films doped with various weight percentages of Co-metal were examined at a wavelength of 750 nm. The optical shielding performance of the prepared composites is recommended for laser cut-off. Furthermore, the ability to tailor the optical properties of blend film makes it more effective for various applications including optical devices, non-linear optoelectronics, and reflective coating. Keywords: extinction coefficient, PV(P/A) polymer blend, transition band gap, photoluminescence, NL optical parameters, optical shielding.

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43

Alshammari, Alhulw H., Majed Alshammari, Mohammed Ibrahim, Khulaif Alshammari, and Taha Abdel Mohaymen Taha. "New Hybrid PVC/PVP Polymer Blend Modified with Er2O3 Nanoparticles for Optoelectronic Applications." Polymers 15, no. 3 (January 29, 2023): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15030684.

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Polymer blend hybrid nanocomposites are of great importance for future optoelectronic applications. This paper presents the preparation of new polymer blend hybrid nanocomposites based on PVC/PVP modified with Er2O3 nanoparticles. A low-cost solution casting method has been used to prepare the polymer nanocomposites at 0.0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.6 wt% of Er2O3. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) measurements have all been used to examine the impact of a varying wt% of Er2O3 on the structural and optical characteristics of PVP/PVC polymer blends. The PVC/PVP polymer blend and Er2O3 nanoparticles showed a strong interaction, which was validated by XRD, FTIR, and Raman spectrum investigations. The SEM micrographs showed a remarkable complexation among the components of the polymer nanocomposites. The activation energies for thermal decomposition of PVC/PVP doped with different Er2O3 concentrations were less than that of the pure polymer film. The linear and nonlinear refractive indexes, dispersion energy, optical susceptibility and the energy gap values were found to be Er2O3 concentration-dependent. With an increase in Er2O3 concentration to 0.1 and 0.3 wt%, the dispersion energy and nonlinear refractive index improved, and thereafter decreased when the concentration was further increased to 0.6For the film doped with 0.1 wt% Er2O3, the optical band gap (Eopt) of the composite film enhanced by about 13%. The optical absorption measurements revealed clear improvements with the addition of erbium oxide. Higher refractive index values of PVC/PVP/Er2O3 films qualify the polymer blend as a cladding for electro-optic modulators. Our results indicated that the PVC/PVP/Er2O3 polymer films could be suitable for optoelectronic space applications.

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44

Ao, Zhi Min, and Qing Jiang. "Size Effects on Miscibility and Glass Transition Temperature of PS/TMPC Blend Films: a Simulation and Thermodynamic Approach." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.105.

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The size dependent miscibility of binary polymer blend films of polystyrene (PS) and tetramethylbisphenol-A polycarbonate (TMPC) is studied by the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation in the way of computing Flory-Huggins interaction parameter, χ, of the blend films, which determines the blend films compatibility. It is found that the miscibility of the two polymers decreases as the film thickness D decreases. After that, the size dependent glass transition temperature Tg(w,D) of the two polymers blend films in miscible ranges are determined by computer simulation and the Fox equation where w is the weight fraction of the second component.

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45

Sampaopan, Yupaporn, and Jirapornchai Suksaeree. "Mechanical Properties of Pectin/Eudragit Blend Films." Key Engineering Materials 819 (August 2019): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.819.3.

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The aim of this study was to prepare the pectin film-based different types of Eudragit® polymer blends using glycerine as a plasticizer and to study the mechanical properties of these films. The mixing of polymer mixture was carried out using distilled water as a solvent throughout the experiment. The polymer mixture was poured into Petri dish and transferred to hot air oven for solvent evaporation. The maximum positive force and percentage of elongation at break were found at the range of 63.58-409.94 g and 74.92-145.42%, respectively for pectin film-based Eudragit® RL 30D polymer blends, 87.12-409.94 g and 74.42-145.42%, respectively for pectin film-based Eudragit® RS 30D polymer blends, 76.50-409.94 g and 72.68-145.42%, respectively for pectin film-based Eudragit® NM 30D polymer blends, and 137.12-409.94 g and 44.42-145.42%, respectively for pectin film-based Eudragit® NE 40D polymer blends. The results indicated that the mechanical properties of the pectin film decreased with inclusion of various types of Eudragit® (p < 0.05). However, it was found that the pectin film-based different types of Eudragit® polymer blends has high potential to be used in pharmaceutical applications. Further investigation related to the incorporation of drugs or herbal extracts and the in vitro evaluation are recommended.

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46

Gong, Guo Li, and Hui Li. "Effect of HPC on the Thermo-Sensitive and Hydrophilicity of PAN Films." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 2793–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.2793.

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In this paper, a series of blending films were prepared based on Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC). The phase transition temperature of these blend films was investigated by warming UV-vis spectrophotometer and Differential Thermal Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the phase transition temperature of HPC/PAN blend films was lower than that of HPC when adding PAN into HPC and the more PAN contents the lower LCST of blend films. The contact angle and surface image of HPC/APN blend films were studied. It was indicated that HPC could endow PAN film with not only thermo-sensitive property but also great hydrophilicity.

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47

Eljali, Ahmed, Irwana Nainggolan, Shahrir Hashim, Tulus Ikhsan Nasution, and Nur Zurihan Abd Wahab. "Fabrication of Chitosan-Polyethylene Oxide Polymeric Thin Film Using Electrochemical Deposition for Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds." Key Engineering Materials 744 (July 2017): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.744.359.

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This study focused on the fabrication of chitosan-polyethylene oxide sensitive thin film. The polyethylene oxide was used as an additive to enhance the electrical properties of chitosan towards ethanol and methanol gases. The chitosan-polyethylene oxide sensitive film was fabricated using electrochemical deposition technique to deposit a thin film of the sensitive blend on the printed circuit board surface. The sensitive blend electrical (I-V) properties were tested using a specific developed test chamber. Ethanol and methanol volatile organic compound gases were chosen in this work to study the thin sensing properties of the chitosan-polyethylene oxide film. The analyzed data demonstrated that chitosan-polyethylene oxide sensitive film was capable to detect the VOC gas molecules and showed that the sensitive blend was significantly selective to ethanol over methanol gas with output values of 0.31 µA and 0.023 µA respectively. Atomic force microscopy test was used to characterize the morphology and roughness of the pure chitosan and chitosan-polyethylene oxide sensitive films.

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48

Chungprempree, Jirasuta, Sutep Charoenpongpool, Jitima Preechawong, Nithi Atthi, and Manit Nithitanakul. "Simple Preparation of Polydimethylsiloxane and Polyurethane Blend Film for Marine Antibiofouling Application." Polymers 13, no. 14 (July 8, 2021): 2242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13142242.

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A key way to prevent undesirable fouling of any structure in the marine environment, without harming any microorganisms, is to use a polymer film with high hydrophobicity. The polymer film, which was simply prepared from a blend of hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane elastomer and hydrophilic polyurethane, showed improved properties and economic viability for antifouling film for the marine industry. The field emission scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (FESEM and EDX) results from the polymer blend suggested a homogenous morphology and good distribution of the polyurethane disperse phase. The PDMS:PU blend (95:5) film gave a water contact angle of 103.4° ± 3.8° and the PDMS film gave a water contact angle of 109.5° ± 4.2°. Moreover, the PDMS:PU blend (95:5) film could also be modified with surface patterning by using soft lithography process to further increase the hydrophobicity. It was found that PDMS:PU blend (95:5) film with micro patterning from soft lithography process increased the contact angle to 128.8° ± 1.6°. The results from a field test in the Gulf of Thailand illustrated that the bonding strength between the barnacles and the PDMS:PU blend (95:5) film (0.07 MPa) were lower than the bonding strength between the barnacles and the carbon steel (1.16 MPa). The barnacles on the PDMS:PU blend (95:5) film were more easily removed from the surface. This indicated that the PDMS:PU blend (95:5) exhibited excellent antifouling properties and the results indicated that the PDMS:PU blend (95:5) film with micro patterning surface could be employed for antifouling application.

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Luo, Min Qing, Cen Cen Zhang, and Shen Zhou Lu. "Preparation of Transparent Water-Insoluble Silk Fibroin Films." Advanced Materials Research 175-176 (January 2011): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.175-176.79.

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The transparent water-insoluble silk fibroin(SF) films were casted from the mixture solution of silk fibroin and xylitol/mannitol. The structure, surface morphology, solubility, mechanical properties and light transmittance of the blend films were measured. FT-IR, X-ray diffraction retuslts indicated that the films were mainly composed of Silk I structure. SEM showed the blend films with xylitol were miscible, whereas the blend films with mannitol had phase-separated structure. There were lots of nanopores in the blend films in the wet state. The insoluble SF /xylitol films had excellent mechanical properties while the SF / mannitol films were brittle. The mechanical property of SF/alcohol blend films were consistent with the human cornea in wet state.When the contents of xylitol were 10% and 20%, the blend films had high light transmittance which were similar to human cornea. In summary, the SF /xylitol film containing 10% xylitol provides a great potential to act as repairing materials for cornea.

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50

Patel, Mitul Kumar, Marta Zaccone, Laurens De Brauwer, Rakesh Nair, Marco Monti, Vanesa Martinez-Nogues, Alberto Frache, and Kristiina Oksman. "Improvement of Poly(lactic acid)-Poly(hydroxy butyrate) Blend Properties for Use in Food Packaging: Processing, Structure Relationships." Polymers 14, no. 23 (November 24, 2022): 5104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14235104.

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Poly(lactic acid)-poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PLA-PHB)-based nanocomposite films were prepared with bio-based additives (CNCs and ChNCs) and oligomer lactic acid (OLA) compatibilizer using extrusion and then blown to films at pilot scale. The aim was to identify suitable material formulations and nanocomposite production processes for film production at a larger scale targeting food packaging applications. The film-blowing process for both the PLA-PHB blend and CNC-nanocomposite was unstable and led to non-homogeneous films with wrinkles and creases, while the blowing of the ChNC-nanocomposite was stable and resulted in a smooth and homogeneous film. The optical microscopy of the blown nanocomposite films indicated well-dispersed chitin nanocrystals while the cellulose crystals were agglomerated to micrometer-size particles. The addition of the ChNCs also resulted in the improved mechanical performance of the PLA-PHB blend due to well-dispersed crystals in the nanoscale as well as the interaction between biopolymers and the chitin nanocrystals. The strength increased from 27 MPa to 37 MPa compared to the PLA-PHB blend and showed almost 36 times higher elongation at break resulting in 10 times tougher material. Finally, the nanocomposite film with ChNCs showed improved oxygen barrier performance as well as faster degradation, indicating its potential exploitation for packaging applications.

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